Corpus Tool Demo - Marijsko-russkij sloβaŕ - g
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[Instructions]
Memnan kolχozə̑n kok tüžem ga mlandə̑že ulo.
Sur tüsan gabardin
kost'umlə̑k gabardin
«Raduga» magazinə̑šte türlö tkańə̑m užalat: gabardinə̑m, suknam, sitcə̑m da t. m.
Gabardin pal'tom urgə̑ktaš
Küβarə̑n gabaritše
βagonə̑n gabaritše
Tide gruzə̑n gabaritše kugu, mašinaš ok puro.
Kugu gabaritan gruz
Šuko gruzə̑m naŋgajen kertše aβtosamosβallan kugu gabaritan šinə̑m ə̑šten luktaš tüŋalaš.
Teŋə̑z gaβań
Da korabl' šogaleš gaβań deke tolə̑n.
Teploχod gaβańə̑š purə̑š.
Gagaludo č́oŋešta
Gagaludə̑m lüjaš č́arə̑me.
Gagaludo mamə̑k
gagaludo pə̑žaš
Memnan kundemə̑š gagara aprel' kə̑dalne toleš.
Jə̑ŋə̑sat gagara-šamə̑č́.
Gagara mamə̑k
– Fašist tüškam č́ot eskere, – šə̑rgə̑žale lejtenant, – gad-βlak tolə̑n lektə̑t gə̑n, nunə̑m č́ot kə̑re, trus it lij!
Gazə̑m č́üktaš
gazə̑m kondaš
Marina. Irina, č́ajə̑m šə̑ndenam, šolaš pura gə̑n, gazə̑m jörtö.
gaz plita
(Vederka) kužun ok šinč́e, kə̑neleš, kuχńə̑š kaja, gaz plita onč́ə̑lan č́arnalta.
Gazan zažigalka
Protiβogazə̑m č́ijen, «ajar gazan» βerə̑m ertenə̑t.
«Jamde lij!» gazet
gazetə̑m ludaš
Gazet – žapə̑n βoštonč́ə̑šə̑žo.
Üstel ümbalne gazet, žurnal-βlak kijə̑ltə̑t.
Gazet polosa
gazet jə̑lme
– O-o, te, užamat, gazet jə̑lme dene kutə̑reda.
Ikmə̑ńar keč́e gə̑č́ klassə̑šte pə̑rdə̑ž gazet lekte.
Gazetlə̑k kagaz
Kartšə̑mat pə̑rdə̑ž gazetlə̑k kagaz dene ə̑štenda.
Gazetnə̑j βitrina
M. Šketanə̑n gazetnə̑j stat'jaže-βlak tematika šotə̑što türlö-türlö ulə̑t.
Č́ə̑la βere šušo gazetč́ik.
Gazetə̑se material
gazetə̑se stat'ja
Gazetə̑se zametkə̑m ludə̑n lekmek, ə̑nde č́ə̑lažat βes semə̑n kojo.
Gazikə̑m nalaš
Izarńan kapka onč́ə̑ko gazik tolə̑n šogale.
Gaziroβannə̑j βüd
Uremə̑šte gaziroβannə̑j βüd aβtomat-βlak pašam ə̑štat.
Vüdə̑m gaziroβatlaš
Gaziroβatlə̑me βüd
Gaziroβkə̑m jüaš
Vokzal βoktene gaziroβkə̑m užalat.
Gazifikacijə̑m šaraš
Memnan gosudarstβo gazifikacijlan kugu βnimanijə̑m ojə̑ra.
Olam gazificiroβatlaš
pörtə̑m gazificiroβatlaš
Jallam gazificiroβatlə̑maš
Gazoβik-βlak tolə̑t
Gazoβš́š́iklan ə̑štaš
gazoβš́š́ikə̑m üžaš
Gazoβə̑j kamera
gazoβə̑j dβigatel'
Kat'a. A kö jörlə̑n gə̑n, tudə̑n βerže gazoβə̑j kamerə̑šte lijə̑n.
Gazoβə̑j zaβod
Gazoβə̑j promə̑šlennost'ə̑n üšanle sə̑ŕjeβoj bazə̑že ulo.
Gazoβə̑j kosə̑nka
Vujə̑štə̑žo ošalge-narə̑nč́alge tüsan gazoβə̑j šoβə̑č́ üdə̑rə̑n šem üpšə̑lan peš kelšen toleš.
Gazogeneratorə̑m ač́alaš
gazogeneratorə̑m koltaš
Užar gazon
Bul'βar sörale šə̑žə̑mat gazon jüla – jə̑ma šinč́at.
Zβenigoβo serə̑šte Jul jə̑mač́ gazoproβodə̑m pə̑štaš tüŋalmə̑lan šə̑m keč́e, šə̑m jüd erten.
Elektrosβaroč́nə̑j, gazosβaroč́nə̑j apparat-βlakə̑m sajə̑n palem.
Gazosβarš́š́iklan tunemaš
opə̑tan gazosβarš́š́ik
Gazoubežiš́š́ə̑šte lijaš
Kugu gazoχraniliš́š́e
gazoχraniliš́š́ə̑m č́oŋaš
A Ždanko, oš imńə̑m kuškə̑žə̑n, mardež gaj pisə̑n kudaleš.
Ušdə̑mo βuj tuldə̑mo ponar gaj.
Mə̑j kornə̑m poč́nem βesə̑lan tüńa muč́ko, šümeš keč́e gaj ə̑rə̑kten ümə̑r muč́ko!
A Jal'č́ik jer gaj-βlakə̑št mlande porβolə̑mo dene lijə̑nə̑t.
Sarajə̑š pakč́a gə̑č́la βigak küzaš liješ. Oŋa dene küβar gaj ə̑štə̑me.
Tuštə̑la ilə̑še č́onanžat uke gaj.
Vujlatə̑še jalə̑se kresańə̑k, 30 ijaš gajrak, βə̑ner šupšə̑ktə̑mo užga dene üsteltörə̑štö šinč́a.
No aβa šümə̑štö ala-mo kürə̑ltmö gaj č́uč́aš tüŋale.
(L'udmila.) Teβe kompressə̑m ə̑štena, ik-kok keč́e gaj erta, ergə̑da adak Onar patə̑r gajak taza liješ.
Č́ač́i keč́ə̑gut gajak kapka onč́ə̑lno orolen.
Gajkə̑m pütə̑raš
Iktə̑že, kugu azə̑rə̑m kuč́en, ala-kuško βaška, βesə̑že, gajka-βlakə̑m kürtńö βoštə̑rə̑š krendə̑lla kereden, pügə̑rnen numal erta.
Gripp deč́ βara gajmorit dene č́erlanenam.
Lümžö kuze gala... Aj, ojlenat om mošto, ač́aže, olase.
– A te šinč́eda, – kok mogə̑rə̑š onč́alə̑n, maneš Eč́an, – č́odə̑rašte kiške βele gala, ala-moat ulo.
Palamiže «Mo lijə̑č́?» – manə̑n. – «Galak poktə̑š».
Memnan galaktika
galaktikə̑š č́oŋeštaš
Galanke koŋga, galanke koŋga tüžem šüdö kermə̑č́an.
Tide lukə̑što galanterejə̑m užalat.
Galanterejnə̑j satu
Galanterejnə̑j kiosk turaš šogale (Sergej), prilaβkə̑š onč́ale, šinč́ažlan küren tüsan kožanə̑j perč́atke logale.
Janda galerej
Kartinnə̑j galerej
A Tret'jakoβskij galerej, türlö muzej-βlak...
Gal'orkə̑što šinč́aš
spektakl'ə̑m gal'orka gə̑č́ onč́aš
Kande galife
Aleksejeβ ümbalne užar gimnast'orka, tugajak užar tüsan galife, šörə̑nrak šə̑ndə̑me pilotka, kə̑dalə̑štə̑že brezent üštö.
Eraj dene ik pölemə̑štak užar galifean kontorš́š́ik da Rusoβ Nikolaj ilat.
Gall'ucinacij tüŋalə̑n
gall'ucinacij pə̑ten
Kok jüdə̑m gall'ucinacij dene ertarə̑mem ušeš βozeš, βožə̑lmə̑la č́uč́eš.
Galstukə̑m kə̑ldaš
joškar galstuk
pioner galstuk
Ümbalnə̑že šem kost'um, lum gaj oš tuβə̑r, šem galstuk.
Omsa lišnak joškar galstukan pioner-βlak oč́kian jeŋ jə̑r tüškan č́umə̑rgen šogalə̑nə̑t.
Šörtńö galun
Volost' gə̑č́ tolšo uŕadnikat oŋə̑so galunžo-βlak dene βolgalt šogen.
Ešplatoβ den Marašeβ – gal'βanizacijə̑š.
Gal'βanič́eskij tok
gal'βanič́eskij element
Gal'βanič́eskij ceχ
Gamakə̑m nalaš
gamakə̑š βozaš
gamakə̑šte šinč́aš
Gamašə̑m č́ijaš
šokšo gamaš
Tiddeč́ posna gammə̑m, kuštə̑lgə̑rak duetə̑m šoktašna pernen.
Šə̑m gana βise, ik gana püč́.
Perβə̑j gana
uto gana
pə̑tartə̑š gana
kodšo gana
tə̑ (tide) gana
Artur den Edgar sar tüŋalme deč́ βara perβə̑j gana βašlijə̑nə̑t.
Vladimir Andrejeβič́, pə̑tartə̑š gana jal dene č́eβerlasaš manə̑n, saβə̑rnen šogale.
Timoška. Žapem liješ gə̑n, teβe iktaž-gana mijen šuam.
Ala söj pasušto šuko kijen, ala kornə̑što onč́en šukten ogə̑tə̑l – ikmanaš, saltak ilə̑š šürtö muč́ašte ə̑le: gangrena tüŋalə̑n.
Amerikə̑se gangster-βlak
Gangster-βlak, poč́toβə̑j č́inoβnik-βlakə̑n formə̑štə̑m č́ijen, kassə̑š kerə̑lt purenə̑t.
Gandbol dene modaš
Gandbolist lijaš
tale gandbolist
Medβedeβo selan stadionə̑štə̑žo gandbolist-βlak modə̑t.
Gantel' dene zaŕadkə̑m ə̑štaš
Garaž den izirak masterskoj uškal ferma βokten, kurə̑k londemeš, βerlanenə̑t.
Garaž paša
garaž omsa
Garaž kapka-βlak poč́ə̑ltə̑t, užar mašina-βlak pisə̑n lektə̑t.
Garantijə̑m puaš
Tendan usloβij dene kelšena gə̑n, mə̑lanna mogaj garantij liješ?
Garantijnə̑j remont
garantijnə̑j masterskoj
Teleβizor garantijnə̑j remont deč́ βara peš sajə̑n onč́ə̑kta.
Regionə̑so gosudarstβo-βlakə̑n suβerennə̑j praβaštə̑m da regionə̑m tüńan molo užašə̑ž dene ušen šogə̑šo teŋə̑z da molo kommunikacijə̑n bezopasnost'šə̑m garantiroβatlaš liješ.
Voštonč́ə̑šan garderob
Pörtə̑škə̑št puren onč́al-jan! Č́aple kroβat', diβan ale kušetka, garderob... Ikmanaš, mebel' türə̑s ulo.
Pal'tom garderobə̑š sdatlə̑šə̑mat, zalə̑š puren, perβə̑j šinč́amlan pernə̑še βerə̑š βolen šinč́ə̑m.
Garderobš́š́iklan ə̑štaš
šoŋgo garderobš́š́ik
– Tə̑štak ə̑le, – örmalgə̑š garderobš́š́ica.
Kabinet oknaš gardinə̑m sakə̑me.
Magazinə̑šte gardinə̑m užalat.
Üdə̑r-βlakə̑m kurə̑mlan šörgaltə̑š teŋə̑z goč́šo ik pojan garem.
– Tə̑jat garemdə̑me otə̑l, – samə̑rə̑k barinə̑m onč́alə̑n, šülalta Janis. – Garemetše eše mogaj!
Konserβatorijə̑šte garmonijə̑m tunemə̑n.
Tudo (M. Veske) marij jə̑lmə̑n oŋaj jük ojə̑rtemžə̑m – glasnə̑j garmonijə̑m – peš č́ə̑n da türə̑s umə̑ltara.
Garmonist kuštə̑mo semə̑m lukto.
Tudə̑n jükšö peš garmonič́nə̑j.
Jeŋ-βlakə̑n garmonič́nə̑j duχoβnə̑j ilə̑šə̑štlan, kul'tura pojanlə̑k dene pütə̑ń kalə̑klan pajdalanašə̑že jönə̑m kumdaŋdaš.
U garmoń
latkok basan garmoń
Garmoń šokta peš nə̑žə̑l semə̑m.
Jal šeŋgelnə̑se kuerə̑šte gə̑na koklan-koklan garmoń jük šokta, južgunam tudə̑m šə̑ma muro almašta.
Stapan Mikale, jalə̑se garmońč́o.
– Garmońč́o, šoktalte-jan, – pokšek lekte Nač́i.
Razβedč́ik-βlak umə̑lə̑št, garnizon, oč́ə̑ni, izižak ogə̑l.
Garnizonnə̑j služba
Al'bert tə̑lze nare tə̑šte ila, no niguzeat uβol'nenijə̑š kajen, keč́ garnizonnə̑j naŕadə̑š logal ok kert.
Türlö-türlö garnir
kotletlan garnir
garnirə̑m jamdə̑laš
Mebel' garnitur
Pört körgə̑štö – Č́eχosloβakij gə̑č́ kondə̑mo u garnitur.
Garnitur üstel
Gosudarstβennə̑j zajomə̑m umbakə̑že gasitlaš.
Nele gastrit
χronič́eskij gastrit
Oŋajə̑n ə̑šta, jalt gastrol'or-artist gaj.
Gastrol'orla kudalə̑štaš jörata.
Rajonlašte gastroliroβatlaš
kužun gastroliroβatlaš
Južo jeŋ zaβod gə̑č́ zaβodə̑š gastroliroβatlaš jörata.
Gastrol'ə̑š kajaš
Molo olala gə̑č́ teatral'nə̑j kollektiβ, posna artist-βlak gastrol' dene toledenə̑t, spektal'ə̑m, koncertə̑m onč́ə̑ktenə̑t.
Gastrol' afiša dekabŕə̑šte u koncertə̑š üžeš.
Gastronomə̑što kolbasalan č́eretə̑š šogale.
Tə̑j kə̑zə̑tak kolbasa den munə̑m žaritle, a mə̑j gastronomə̑š kuržam.
Gastronomijə̑m užalə̑me otdel
Gastronomič́eskij satu
Nele gaubica
Šogat peš šuko gaubica-šamə̑č́.
Tə̑ge tudo 369-še gaubič́nə̑j artillerijskij polkə̑š logaleš.
Kapitan Bannikoβ Č́esnokə̑m kum sutkalan gauptβaχtə̑ške šə̑ndə̑š.
Puleḿotč́ik pricelə̑m iziš ülə̑kə̑rak ə̑šten, kelə̑štaren šuktat, gašetkə̑m temdaleš.
Gβardejec-βlak ilaš-kolaš šogenə̑t, granatə̑m kideš kuč́en, tušmanə̑n tankše βaštareš lektə̑nə̑t.
Gβardejskij č́ast'
gβardejskij znak
Nu, Laβrenč́uk joltaš, nə̑l keč́e gə̑č́ me tə̑lat gβardejskij znač́okə̑m puena.
Soβetskij gβardij
Gβardijə̑n βüreš jülen brońa.
Oškə̑l, oškə̑l, lij ere polmeze, gβardij polkə̑n lüddə̑mö seržant.
Lenin gβardij
rβeze gβardij
Nölten olalam rβeze gβardij.
Leninə̑n kuštə̑mo kürtńö gaj gβardijže – partij – alal kumə̑lna, üšanna.
Tošto gβardij
Joškar gβozdika
Proletariat – reβol'ucijə̑n gegemonžo
Feβral'skij buržuazno-demokratič́eskij reβol'ucijə̑n gegemonžə̑lan, βujlatə̑šə̑žlan pašaze klass šotlaltə̑n.
Marks den Engel's proletariatə̑n gegemonijže nergen idejlan tüŋ nabroskə̑m ə̑štenə̑t.
Gejzer č́užla, šurga, daže jə̑rə̑m-jə̑r mlande č́ə̑tə̑rnalteš.
Gejzer βüd peš kugu pajdam puen kerteš.
Mlande uč́astkə̑n ploš́š́ad'šə̑m ar da gektar dene βiskalat.
– Mə̑ńar gektar mlandə̑m olmapu naleš? – jodam škol direktor deč́.
A listoβka-βlakə̑m Jurineš peč́atlaš gektograf uke.
Gemorrojə̑m emlaš
Tə̑gaj sostaβnoj glagol-βlakə̑n tüŋə̑štə̑m-βožə̑štə̑m (genezisə̑štə̑m) purged onč́ə̑mo godə̑m raš lije: nunat t'urk kalə̑k-βlakə̑n jə̑lmə̑štlan köra šoč́ə̑nə̑t.
Samə̑rə̑k general
general-major
general-lejtenant
Polkoβnikə̑n mutšə̑m general sajə̑n kolə̑što, ikmə̑ńar žap gə̑č́ ške ojlaš tüŋale.
General zβanij
General mundirə̑m č́ijen šogalaš jamdə̑lalt šušo polkoβnik Oskudan č́onžo kə̑zə̑t šinč́ə̑rlə̑me lijə̑n...
Kugu polkoβodec A. V. Suβoroβ generalissimus zβanijan lijə̑n.
Literaturə̑što en perβə̑j paša – partijə̑n general'nə̑j kornə̑žə̑m ilə̑šə̑š purtaš polšaš.
General'nə̑j planə̑m onč́al.
– General'nə̑j štab strategič́eskij planə̑m jamdə̑la, – šoktə̑š tušeč́.
Tač́e teatrə̑šte general'nə̑j repeticij liješ.
(Dežurnə̑j inžener) kažne generatorə̑n mə̑ńar električ́estβə̑m ə̑šten lukmə̑žə̑m keč́-kunamat kalasen kerteš.
Generatornə̑j gaz
Vedernikoβ ueš generatorə̑so panel'ə̑m nijaltkalen nale, č́ə̑la βoštə̑r sajə̑n, šot dene pižə̑ktə̑me.
Genetika dene specialist
Akademik Dubinin genetika dene peš tale specialist.
Genial'nə̑j šonə̑maš
genial'nə̑j proizβedenij
genial'nə̑j uč́onə̑j
Južo peš kugu, genial'nə̑j pisatel', ilə̑š č́ə̑nə̑m onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, ške klassšə̑lan βaštareš šogalde kertə̑n ogə̑l.
Keneta βujə̑škem genial'nə̑j šonə̑maš tolə̑n purə̑š.
Genij kerek-momat tə̑glaj jeŋ deč́ jatə̑r toraške, peš kelgə̑ške užeš, manə̑t.
Tudo (Lenin) Marksə̑n genijže dene tapten lukmo idejnə̑j oružijžə̑m nigö deč́ č́ot aklen.
Geograflan tunemaš
usta geograf
Iβan Miχajloβič́ geograflan pašam ə̑šta.
Geografijə̑m tunemaš
ekonomič́eskij geografij
Valentin Nikolajeβič́ Šernur rajon, Mustaj šə̑mijaš školə̑što marij jə̑lmə̑m da literaturə̑m, geografijə̑m tunə̑kta.
Geografij urok
Geografij kartə̑šte olam, eŋerə̑m, teŋə̑zə̑m, kurə̑klam kə̑č́alə̑na.
Geografič́eskij koordinat-βlak
geografič́eskij širota
Č́erńakoβə̑n paša ə̑štə̑me pölemə̑štə̑že geografič́eskij karta keč́en.
Mə̑j geodezijə̑m tunemam.
Geodezistlan ə̑štaš
Geodezič́eskij pribor
geodezič́eskij plan
Mə̑lanna geodezič́eskij plan ok site, geofizič́eskij plan küleš.
Geolog lijaš
Geolog-βlakə̑n šonə̑mə̑št poč́eš, tendan kundemə̑šte neft' lijšaš.
Geologijə̑m tunemaš
Geologič́eskij razβedka
Geologorazβedoč́nə̑j paša
U βič́ijašə̑šte geologorazβedoč́nə̑j pašam eše utlarak kumdan da βijan ə̑šten šogaš tüŋalə̑t.
Geometrij urok
Vödə̑r fizikə̑mat, geometrijə̑mat sajə̑n pala ulmaš.
Geometrič́eskij zadač́a
geometrič́eskij figura
Kβadrat – tide geometrič́eskij figura.
Georginə̑m onč́en kuštaš
Jüštö tolmeš sad-pakč́ašte georgin sə̑lnešt šoga.
Geofizika dene specialist
Vojennə̑j kursə̑što geofizikə̑m tunə̑ktenə̑t βet?
Geofizič́eskij stancij
geofizič́eskij plan
Bikroβ uš́š́el'ješte geofizič́eskij stancij ə̑štalteš.
Gerań peledeš
oš gerań
joškar gerań
Pialč́ə̑n jə̑rgeške jə̑raŋže pokšeke gerańə̑m šə̑ndaš küleš, mane.
Joškar-Olan gerbše
SSSR-ə̑n gerbše
Kažne elə̑n kum simβolžo – gerb, flag da gimn ulo.
Gerban znak
gerban peč́at'
gerban poldə̑š
Č́ögə̑t-sorlan, soβet gerban, joškar koman u dokumentə̑m nalə̑n, tek kažne jeŋ tudə̑m šinč́asortala arala.
– Ege, rβeze-βlak, te, užamat, tič́maš gerbarijə̑m pogenda, – nunə̑n šeŋgelne Vödə̑r Iβanə̑č́ə̑n jükšö šoktə̑š.
– Ol'oš, gerbarij papkə̑m jamdə̑le, me tə̑j denet šudə̑m pogaš tüŋalə̑na, – Jura mešak rudə̑šə̑la ojla.
Kažne kommunarə̑n kidə̑štə̑že gerbarijlə̑k šudo aršaš.
Tenij šükšudə̑m pə̑taraš gerbicidə̑m kumdan kuč́ə̑ltə̑t.
Gerboβə̑j peč́at'
Kagaz č́ə̑la forma dene βozə̑mo, daže gerboβə̑j markat pə̑štə̑me.
Kunar jeŋə̑n č́onžə̑m koč́ko tide kaβaršašlə̑k german!
Ač́aže tošto german sarə̑š kajen da möŋgeš pörtə̑lə̑n ogə̑l, uβer deč́ posna jomə̑n.
Seβernə̑j Afrikə̑šte ital'janskij den germanskij βojska-βlak anglič́an βaštareš kredalə̑t.
Paša geroizm
soβet kalə̑kə̑n geroizmže
Bandit-šamə̑č́ə̑m kuč́ə̑mašte pogranič́nik den kolχoznik-šamə̑č́ geroizmə̑štə̑m raš onč́ə̑ktenə̑t.
Reβol'ucijə̑n geroikə̑že
paša geroika
Memnan literatura entuziazm da geroika dene šə̑ŋdaraltə̑n.
Oteč́estβennə̑j sar geroińa
Ikmanaš, tə̑j geroińa lijə̑n pörtə̑lə̑nat, a mə̑j perβə̑j tə̑lzə̑štak stroj gə̑č́ lektə̑nam.
Poβest'ə̑n geroińaže Tońa Č́endemeroβa – šümdə̑mö üdə̑r.
Tudo ispanskij patriot-βlakə̑n Franko βaštareš geroič́eski kredalmə̑št nergen kalaskalə̑neže ə̑le.
Geroič́eskij paša
geroič́eskij podβig
Geroič́eskij paša dene gə̑na soβetskij kalə̑k elə̑štə̑na socializmə̑m ə̑šten da kommunizmə̑ške üšanlə̑n kaja.
Soβet Sojuz Geroj
Socialistič́eskij Paša Geroj
Nastojaš́š́ij gerojlan βele tə̑gaj ordenə̑m puat!
Sergej Suβoroβ kuze Soβetskij Sojuzə̑n Gerojžo lijə̑n – tidə̑m gə̑na aβtor ške knigaštə̑že utlarak onč́ə̑ktaš tə̑ršen.
Ṕjesə̑n gerojžo
poβest'ə̑n gerojžo
Roman-βlakə̑n tüŋ gerojə̑št onč́ə̑l soβetskij jeŋ, bol'šeβik-βlak ulə̑t.
BAM-ə̑n gerojžo-βlak
Pagalə̑me Andrej Nikolajeβič́, mə̑j tidə̑m šuko gana kolə̑nam. «Paβel Korč́agin», «Aleksandr Matrosoβ»... A ə̑nde «Söreman mlandə̑n gerojžo-βlak».
– Poro keč́e lijže, geroj! Kuze malə̑šə̑č́?
Ač́at tə̑jə̑m šukerte ogə̑l gə̑na geroj ulat manə̑n moktə̑š, a tə̑j šortat.
– U-u-u, «geroj», omarta deč́ lüdə̑n, – Ol'oš Sańum βoštə̑leš.
Geroj ilə̑š
Geroj oŋeš č́üktalte šüdə̑r.
Jeŋ onč́ə̑lno gerojlanaš
Ajda, rβeze-βlak, ida gerojlane, oškə̑lza poč́ešem.
Gerojlo paša
Küč́ə̑k, no gerojlo ilə̑šə̑m ilen S. Lazo.
Gerojlə̑kə̑m onč́ə̑ktaš
Tə̑j tə̑šte it komandoβatle. Luč́o ške gerojlə̑ketə̑m tušto onč́ə̑kto, – kə̑č́kə̑ralə̑n, ugə̑č́ kə̑nerβujžo dene šükedə̑laš tüŋale.
Gerojlə̑k dene šülat memnan u keč́e-βlak.
Gerojlə̑n kredalaš
No kalə̑k ške olažə̑m gerojlə̑n aralə̑š.
Gerojstβə̑m onč́ə̑ktaš (ə̑štaš)
Komsomol tə̑štat βaraš ə̑š kod, keč́ə̑n millionlo gerojstβə̑m, millionlo otβagə̑m ə̑štə̑š.
Graf den gercog-šamə̑č́ə̑n mlandə̑štə̑št korol'ə̑n nimogaj βlast'šat lijə̑n ogə̑l.
Kuglerə̑n prikazšə̑m šuktaš gestapo den tudə̑n agentše-βlak ulo βijə̑n pižə̑č́.
Gel'mut: Tide mə̑jə̑n gestapo organə̑šte služitlə̑me godə̑m kokə̑mšo eksperiment ə̑le.
Šuko žap ə̑š erte – jalə̑š gestapoβec-βlak tolə̑n šuə̑č́.
Futbolistə̑n getrže
getrə̑m č́ijaš
Gibridə̑m ə̑štaš
urža den šə̑daŋ gibrid
Gibridizacijə̑m ertaraš
Gibridnə̑j urlə̑kaš
gibridnə̑j č́ə̑βe
Slon βoktek mijen šogale kükšaka kapan ajdeme: peš kugu gigant βokten lač́ kurč́akla kojə̑lden.
Zaβod-gigant
Mlande šüj, kürtńö, kü, neft', električ́estβo dene me gigantə̑m ə̑štena.
Elna muč́ko zaβod, fabrik, gigant-šamə̑č́ kuataŋə̑t.
Tə̑šte gigant zaβodə̑n βič́ijaš planžə̑m küč́ə̑k žapə̑šte temə̑šaš βerč́ kuč́edalə̑t.
Gigantskij kapan
gigantskij kugə̑tan tanker
Paša gigijena
kap-kə̑l gigijena
Gigijenič́eskij duš
gigijenič́eskij praβil-βlak
Gigijenič́nə̑j βurgem
Gigroskopə̑m šə̑ndaš
Gigroskopič́eskij βata
– Nu, Pet'u, tač́e tə̑j mə̑jə̑n gidem lijat – kolχoz pasum onč́ə̑ktaš tüŋalat.
Gidraβlika dene specialist
Gidraβlič́eskij press
Traktor poč́eš gidraβlič́eskij katokə̑m pižə̑ktaš gə̑n, oč́ə̑ni, tə̑štə̑žat šalana, – agronom šə̑rgə̑žale.
Gidroliz ru zaβod
gidroliz spirt
Gidrometeorologič́eskij stancij
gidrometeorologič́eskij služba
Teβe igeč́ə̑m βiktarə̑me central'nə̑j stancij. Ümbač́ onč́ə̑mašte tudo aeroportə̑n gidrometeorologič́eskij obserβatorij gaj koješ.
Vinogradə̑m šə̑ndə̑mašte gidromeχanič́eskij jönə̑m kumdan kuč́ə̑ltaš palemdə̑me.
Gidroponikə̑m šə̑ŋdaraš
Šem teŋə̑z ümbake gidrosamol'ot βolen šinč́e.
Kugu βijan gidrostancij
Mikal'a. Ajda, Andrej, luč́o gidrostancij deke mijen saβə̑rnena.
Sanatorijə̑šte gidroterapijə̑m kumdan kuč́ə̑ltə̑t.
Obzu gə̑č́ tolšo gidroteχnik-βlak kok plange jatə̑r onč́en šinč́enə̑t, smetə̑mat šotlen, tergen nalə̑nə̑t.
Mə̑j βet stroitel'... gidroteχnika dene.
Julə̑so gidrouzel
Tide ola deč́ mündə̑rnö ogə̑l Jul βüdə̑štö gidroelektrostancij βerlanen.
Vot izi gə̑na šakal – βürlan temdə̑me, osal. A poškudə̑žo gijena, tudə̑n gajak opkə̑n.
Snaŕad gil'za
izi kalibran gil'za
Mə̑jže pul'an patronə̑m βaštalten šə̑ndə̑nem, no niguze om kert: patron gil'za pižə̑n šinč́ə̑n.
Vintoβkə̑ž gə̑č́ ikte poč́eš βes patronə̑m lüjen, gil'zə̑m luktə̑n kudalta.
SSSR-ə̑n gimnže
partijə̑n gimnže
Orkestr SSSR-ə̑n Gosudarstβennə̑j gimnžə̑m šokta.
Erə̑k gimn
(Šemer kalə̑k) Šergə̑ltare u muretə̑m, erə̑k gimnə̑m č́ot mural.
Üdə̑ržö č́astnə̑j gimnazijə̑šte tunemeš.
Škol ožnə̑so gimnazij pörteš βerlanen.
Teŋgeč́ə̑se gimnazist, seminarist-βlaklan praporš́š́ik pogonə̑m saken puenə̑tat, rota komandirlan koltenə̑t.
Student, pašaze, saltak, gimnazist, gimnazistka-βlak – pə̑č́al denat, pə̑č́al deč́ posnat – šukə̑n ulə̑t.
Tale gimnast
palə̑me gimnast
Nunə̑n (rβeze-βlak) koklašte Slaβa Bə̑stroβ posnak ojə̑rtemalteš: oŋžo, pulə̑šə̑žo tudə̑n č́ə̑lt gimnastə̑n gaj.
Užar gimnast'orka
saltak gimnast'orka
Ümbalnə̑že – ošemaš tüŋalše gimnast'orka, jolə̑štə̑žo – kužu šulə̑šan kem.
Gimnast'orka poldə̑š
gimnast'orka šokš
Boris oskolko dene šütlə̑šö komsomol'skij biletšə̑m šümžö βokten, gimnast'orka küsenə̑škə̑že pə̑šta.
Keneta jörlšö kož βoktene, šikš loŋgašte, kande gimnast'orkan jeŋə̑m užo.
Sportiβnə̑j gimnastika
erdenə̑se gimnastika
χudožestβennə̑j gimnastika
proizβodstβennə̑j gimnastika
Me onč́ə̑č́ gimnastikə̑m ə̑šten nalə̑na, – Vańu, berdankə̑m omaš βokten šogalten, peleštə̑š.
Gimnastič́eskij upražnenij
gimnastič́eskij snaŕad
Vladimir Il'ič́ nine ijlašte gimnastič́eskij upražnenijə̑m ə̑štaš jöraten.
Koktə̑nat βrač́ ulə̑t: marijže – tüŋ χirurg, βatə̑že – ginekolog.
Ginekologij dene specialist
ginekologijə̑m tunemaš
Gipertonij dene č́erlanaš
Gipnoz dene emlaš
Rono βujlatə̑še pensnežə̑m č́arnə̑de tarβatə̑lə̑n, gipnotiźorla maltə̑še jükšö dene βudə̑matə̑l šoga.
Č́erlə̑m gipnotiziroβatlaš
Oŋaj gipoteza
gipotezə̑š šuaš
Gips dene ə̑štə̑me skul'ptura
Viktor šə̑p šoga: «kande šinč́an šošə̑m» šun, gips da mramor dene kuze süretlen onč́ə̑ktet?
Kidə̑š gipsə̑m pə̑štaš
Jol – gipsə̑šte, βuj – pidme.
Jolə̑m gipsoβatlaš
Kidə̑m gipsoβatlə̑maš
Gitarə̑m šoktaš
Šumatkeč́e kasə̑n joŋgalteš gitara.
Gitara jük
Gitara kə̑lə̑m kok-kum gana šupšə̑l'o.
Gitaran jeŋ
Lač́ak gitaran üdə̑r gə̑na, nimom ə̑štaš örə̑n, βerə̑štə̑že šoga ja tə̑ške-tuško tajnə̑šteš.
Kugu opə̑tan gitarist
samə̑rə̑k gitarist
Broš́urə̑što šə̑m glaβa ulo, a muč́ašeš social-demokratič́eskij partijə̑n programmə̑žə̑m peč́atlə̑me.
Teβe palə̑me lejtenant nergen βozet, teβe Soβetskij informb'uron sβodkə̑žo, Verχoβnə̑j Glaβnokomandujuš́š́ijə̑n prikazše.
Glaβnə̑j βrač́
Tudə̑n poč́eš Jametoβə̑m glaβnə̑j inžener da direktor salamlat.
Usloβnə̑j pridatoč́nə̑j den glaβnə̑j predloženijə̑šte skazujemə̑j türlö liješ.
Predloženijə̑n glaβnə̑j č́lenže
Marij jə̑lmə̑šte glagolə̑n kok spŕaženijže kuze lijme nergen šagal ogə̑l stat'ja βozaltə̑n.
Me tide stat'jaštə̑na glagolan mut soč́etanij nergen ojlə̑nena.
Glagol'nə̑j skazujemə̑j
Poškudo jə̑lmə̑lašte türlö βidoβoj da modal'nə̑j znač́enijan sostaβnoj glagol, molo glagol'nə̑j konstrukcij-βlak kumda βerə̑m nalə̑t.
Gladiator-βlakə̑n bojə̑št
gladiator-βlak βosstanij
Kə̑zə̑t gladiolus, χrizantema, roza da molo tə̑gə̑de peledə̑š-βlak söralgen šogat.
Tuβə̑rə̑m gladitlaš
Er koč́kə̑šə̑m ə̑štə̑mek, Al'a č́emodaneš turžaltše βurgemžə̑m gladitlə̑š.
Tuβə̑r-jolašə̑m gladitlə̑laš
(Vatem) ut'ugə̑m ə̑rə̑kten, molgunamse deč́ kožmakə̑n tarβanə̑lə̑n, tidə̑m-tudə̑m gladitlə̑le.
Č́asoβoj omsa deke lišeme, glazokə̑š onč́ale.
Glasnə̑j jük
glasnə̑j-βlak garmonij
Tə̑gak južgunam udarenijan glasnə̑jat, udarenijžə̑m jomdaren, ə̑ jük dene βaštalteš.
U glisser
glisser dene soreβnoβanij
Glisser pešak βaške šinč́a onč́ə̑č́ jomo.
Glicerinə̑m šüraš
glicerin jöre
Glicerin klenč́a
glicerin puš
Kugu globus
Globusə̑što parallel'-šamə̑č́ koklašte toralə̑k č́ə̑la βereat iktör.
Kolə̑m glušitlaš
toja dene peren glušitlaš
Motorə̑m glušitlaš
Tolšo jeŋ kidšə̑m nöltalə̑n kə̑č́kə̑rale: «Glušitle motoretə̑m!»
Flejtist ale goboist lijaš eše kańə̑le, no βot skripač́...
Kumšo Ozaŋ olašte tatar operə̑šte goboj dene solist, – parńaž dene šotla artist.
Joškar-Ola goβor
βolžskij goβor
Erβel nareč́ijə̑n jatə̑r goβorə̑štə̑žo tatar den baškir jə̑lme-βlakə̑n kə̑šašt, palə̑št koješ.
Er godsek
šoč́mo godsek
izi godsek
kok ij godsek
Izi godsek palə̑me motor Jul serem, mo ulo tüńašte tə̑j deč́et šerge!
Nə̑l ij godsek inženerlan mə̑j tunemə̑m.
Izβate Ońakaj tolmo godsek sajə̑n ilə̑maš uke.
Tele godso
keŋež godso
koč́a godso
tošto godso
akret godso
Paroχod tošto, latindešə̑mše kurə̑m godso.
Joč́a godsə̑m šonaltaš jöratem.
Tele godsə̑la
šošo godsə̑la
rβeze godsə̑la
Ronoštat č́ə̑la tošto godsə̑lak koješ.
Üdə̑r godsə̑žlak βes pölemə̑š kuštə̑lgə̑n kuržə̑n koltə̑š.
Sar godə̑m tə̑je okopə̑što ə̑l'ə̑č́.
Jeβse kumlo ij godə̑m kolə̑meškə̑že podkogə̑l'ə̑m koč́kə̑n ilen.
Stopan βolgə̑žmo godə̑mak kə̑nele.
Jüksö kajə̑k ulmo godə̑m pörtkajə̑kə̑m kö onč́a?
Mə̑žeretə̑m uə̑ž godə̑m č́amane.
Leβentej kugə̑za smola pu ruen koštmə̑ž godə̑m maska βə̑nemə̑m muə̑n.
Kajə̑šašə̑ž godə̑m gə̑na bač́ə̑ška Miklajlan uškalže nergen mutə̑m lukto.
Paša ə̑štə̑šaš godə̑m, ške ilə̑šetə̑m pojdarə̑šaš godə̑m, tə̑j βatetə̑m uškalen tolašet.
Eleksejə̑n ergə̑že Eč́an dene mə̑j kodšo godə̑m, tə̑šeč́ lekmeke, kornə̑štak mutlanen kajə̑šna.
Molo godə̑m Ol'um pakč́aštə̑že č́üč́kə̑də̑n užam ə̑le.
Tə̑se pürtüs šagal godə̑m ajdeme jükə̑m kolə̑n.
Ilə̑šə̑šte šukə̑ž godə̑m tə̑ge liješ: iktə̑lan pial, βesə̑lan ojgo.
No č́ə̑la godə̑mat šə̑lə̑n utlə̑š.
Ožno godə̑m tule gane šužen koštšo βol'ə̑kna.
Pašašt kalə̑klan južo godə̑m ogeš kelše.
Joč́a godə̑mso semə̑nak koktə̑n kidnam βaš kuč́en, tul βolgə̑do kojmo βelə̑š kuržə̑n koltə̑šna.
Gož-gož šoktal mardež dene, βoktenə̑že kož šoga.
Korno jə̑r šem č́odə̑ra šujnen kija. Leβe mardež dene erkə̑n tarβanen, gož-ž, gož-ž lüška.
Tunam Pašer jə̑βə̑rtale. «Tidə̑že č́amana, gojə̑š», – šonaltə̑š.
Mə̑j č́ə̑lt örə̑m, kuze tə̑j mə̑jə̑n kapkaškem golə̑m purtə̑šə̑č́? – jodo Genriχ.
Gollandec-βlak
Tajnə̑j golosoβanij
Vujlatə̑še, golosoβanijə̑š šə̑nde! – kə̑č́kə̑rale sade rβeze marij.
Kandidat βerč́ golosoβatlaš
Prezidentə̑n rešenijže βaštareš 289 jeŋ golosoβatlen.
Tač́e aβtobus ukelan köra kornə̑što šuko golosoβatlen šogaš logale.
Gongə̑m peraš
Teβe onč́ə̑č́sə̑lak gong joŋgalte.
Aβtorskij gonorar
gonorarə̑m nalaš
Romen Rollanə̑n 1929 ijə̑šte č́umə̑ren lukmo soč́inenijže-βlaklan nalme gonoraržə̑m studenč́eskij fondə̑š puə̑mə̑žo uniβersitetə̑n ilə̑šə̑štə̑že kugu sobə̑tijə̑m ə̑šten.
Ner jükšö gor da gor šokta.
Gorelkə̑šte tul kugə̑tə̑m kokla šotanə̑m kuč́em.
Onč́al jomartle gorec-βlakə̑m, Kö molo pikš gaj kap-kə̑lan?!
Gorizont šeŋgelne
Mündə̑r gorizont kandalgə̑n koješ.
Gorizontal' dene
Gorizontal'nə̑j linij
gorizontal'nə̑j položenij
KPSS gorkom
– Tidə̑že saj, – maneš gorkom instruktor.
Kušmo gormon-βlak
poloβoj gormon-βlak
Ondak gornə̑što tulə̑m kid dene pošə̑man ə̑le gə̑n, kə̑zə̑t pedal'ə̑m gə̑na jolet dene temdal, βentil'ator tunamak tulə̑m č́ot ə̑lə̑žtara.
Pionerskij gorn
Joltašem-βlak gorn jük poč́eš linejkə̑š šogalaš kuržə̑nə̑t.
Miša peš tale gornist.
Zemlemer tudə̑n (Pankrat Iβanə̑č́ə̑n) gornicə̑štə̑že ila.
Gostinicə̑šte gornič́nə̑j
Ik brigada dene, βese dene mutlanem, gornoβoj, staleβar, prokatč́ik-βlak dene βašlijam, zaβodə̑so stoloβə̑jə̑što nunə̑n dene pə̑rl'ak koč́kam.
No βot XVIII kurə̑mə̑što tə̑ške kupeč́, gornozaβodč́ik-βlakat tolə̑n šuə̑č́.
Zaβodlašte orlanə̑še ural'skij gornoraboč́ij-βlak, Jukejə̑m, Mendijaroβə̑m, Ajtə̑m kə̑č́alə̑n, Sə̑lβaš lektə̑t.
Gornə̑j zaβod
gornə̑j inžener
gornə̑j promə̑šlennost'
Gornə̑j zaβod puškə̑m da moń kugə̑žalan ə̑šta.
Pə̑č́kemə̑š rudnik pundašte gorńak-βlak küan mlandə̑m purgedə̑t.
Erdene da kastene rβeze-βlak jə̑raŋə̑m somə̑lenə̑t, puškə̑demdenə̑t, βüdə̑m šaβenə̑t. Ik žaplan nuno gorodki dene modašat mondenə̑t.
Peterburgə̑so gorodoβoj-βlak
Tide žapə̑šte Jul türə̑štö gorodoβoj-βlak kojə̑n koltə̑št.
Paβel Paβloβič́ Otmaχoβ – škol'nə̑j gorodokə̑što pagalə̑me ajdeme.
Kas βeleš Šumat, teŋə̑z βoktek mijen tolaš šonen, βojennə̑j gorodok gə̑č́ lektat, kuanə̑mə̑ž dene törštə̑l-törštə̑l kuržə̑n koltə̑š.
Gorpiš́š́ekombinatə̑n βanil'nə̑j pŕanikše nač́ar kač́estβan, tudə̑m kalə̑k peš šagal naleš.
Tudo (Nina) gorsoβetə̑š kum gana poč́ela deputatlan sajlaltə̑n.
Gortenzijə̑m šə̑ndaš
oš gortenzij
Gorč́ica kič́ke
gorč́ica üj
Gorč́icə̑m kində̑šket pua šüren.
Gorč́ica ate
Gorč́ič́nikə̑m šə̑ndaš
Kuze tə̑ge pulan? A goŕuč́ijže? Traktorist-βlaklan goŕuč́ij külešə̑s.
Tank tunamak ə̑lə̑že: snaŕad lač́ak goŕuč́ij bakə̑š logale.
Goŕuč́ijan peč́ke
Tušto goŕuč́ijan sostaβ šoga.
Mə̑j, manam, olašte, gosbankə̑šše ale zaβodə̑što βele tə̑gaj poŕadok.
No pə̑tartə̑š žapə̑šte tudat gosbankə̑se pašajeŋ koklašte udalan ok šotlalt.
Jüə̑n-koč́kə̑n kajat da βik goskontrol'ə̑š uβertarat.
Poleβoj gospital'
Kožlasola gospital' – peš sə̑lne βerə̑šte.
Pel ij nare gospital'ə̑šte kijə̑š.
Kud tə̑lze, saltak šülə̑š gospital' pušə̑m.
Tunam mə̑j tə̑landa gospital'ə̑se üdə̑r nergen kalaskalə̑šə̑m.
Gosplanə̑n predsedatel'že
Gospodin ministr
Mə̑j, gospodin uŕadnik, peš kajem ə̑le, da ok lij, – pel jük dene mane Arńaβij.
– Oksam, gospodin, mə̑j erla, erla kondem.
– Poro gospodinlan č́ə̑la ulo, kazə̑r kə̑č́kə̑rem.
– Gospoža, – mane pod'jač́ij, – mə̑j ə̑nde mom ə̑štaš tüŋalam?
Gosprijomkə̑m ilə̑šə̑š purtaš
Gostiniceš šogalaš
Tudo (Jə̑βan Kə̑rl'a) Moskβase «Odessa» lüman izi gostinicə̑šte ilen.
Pörtə̑štö č́ə̑laže nə̑l pölem ulo: purə̑mašte – kuχńa, βaštarešə̑že – stoloβə̑j, onč́ə̑lno – gostinə̑j, a tudə̑n βoktenə̑že – malə̑me βer.
Kugu Okt'abŕ marij kalə̑klan Soβet βlast' negə̑zeš, socializmə̑n principlaže negə̑zeš ške gosudarstβennost'šə̑m ə̑štaš jönə̑m puen.
Gosudarstβennə̑j gerb
gosudarstβennə̑j plan
Medicinskij institutə̑što tele rüdə̑n gosudarstβennə̑j ekzamen tüŋale.
Šuko nacijan gosudarstβo
socialistič́eskij gosudarstβo
Tə̑gaj ješ-βlak Soβet gosudarstβə̑šte peš šukə̑n ulə̑t.
– Te molan gosudaŕə̑n zakonə̑m pudə̑rtə̑lə̑da? – salamlaltme olmeš toržan kə̑č́kə̑rale pristaβ.
Vladimir Andrejeβič́ gosekzamenə̑m sdatlen pə̑tarenat, βigak jalə̑škə̑na tolə̑n.
Gotoβal'nə̑m nalaš
škol'nə̑j gotoβal'ńa
Pə̑rə̑s jolžo dene pə̑lə̑š goč́ muškeš – jürlan, šürgə̑žə̑m muškeš – ojarlan.
Korem goč́ küβar βoktenat ala-mogaj pušeŋge ulo.
Korto βüd βonč́ə̑mek, korno goč́ meraŋ kudale.
Tumer goč́ kajə̑še jolgorno dene oškə̑lam.
Janda goč́ keč́e pə̑rt ə̑rə̑kta gə̑nat, pörteš oltə̑mo gə̑nat, tudə̑n šoŋgo mogə̑ržə̑m nimožat ok ə̑rə̑kte.
Keŋež goč́ βol'ə̑kə̑m küta, šə̑žə̑m akə̑m naleš.
Susə̑rgen tolmekə̑že, Pötə̑r keŋež goč́ paša ə̑štə̑de ilə̑š.
Ač́ij, teleβizor goč́ mə̑jə̑mat užə̑nat βet?
Kolmə̑da semə̑nak umə̑lə̑za, – pereβodč́ik goč́ polkoβnik peleštə̑š.
Kidše goč́ pütə̑ń kapem ə̑lə̑žə̑n.
Tojkansola tora ogə̑l, ik uštə̑š deč́ goč́ ok lij.
Tə̑leč́ goč́ mom ojlet.
Kön βerč́ tə̑nar šuko tüžem oksa grabitel' kidə̑š logalə̑n?
Tudo jeŋə̑m grabitlen.
A, te tə̑šte mükšə̑m grabitlaš!
Neč́ego βakšə̑m grabitlen kijaš.
Vot, Krasnoβ joltaš, inkassator puštmašte da grabitlə̑mašte teat titakan ulə̑da.
Graβ'orlan ə̑štaš
usta graβ'or
Pursa deč́ šoldə̑ra ošmam graβij manə̑t. Graβij cement da asfal't dene βaralteš.
Jandaš graβiroβatlaš
šagateš graβiroβatlaš
Süretə̑m graβiroβatlə̑maš
inicialə̑m graβiroβatlə̑maš
Graβiroβatlə̑me masterskoj
Tul pudešt jülen, tudə̑n šörtńalge tüsšö pə̑rdə̑žlašte, tošto graβ'urə̑što... βolgaltə̑n.
Nə̑lle βič́ gradusan ugə̑l
Lu gradus šokšo
Rtut' motkoč́ ülə̑kö βolen kajen: kolo gradus jüštö.
Spirtə̑n peŋgə̑də̑lə̑kše 96 gradus.
Ümbač́ə̑n nunə̑m βitle kum gradusan šokšo temden.
Gradusnikə̑m šə̑ndaš
Šokšo den jüštə̑m βiskalaš gradusnikə̑m ale termometrə̑m kuč́ə̑ltə̑t.
Reβol'ucij βerč́, graždan-βlak, ura!
Tudo graždan βurgeman kolə̑šə̑m muə̑nat, šketə̑n kü ora gə̑č́ niguze luktə̑n kertə̑n ogə̑l.
Graždan sarə̑n gerojžo dene βašlijmaš lije.
Soβet Sojuzə̑n graždaninže
Tör praβan graždanin ulam ə̑nde!
Graždanin, tamburə̑što šogaš ogeš lij, βagonə̑š purə̑za!
Graždanka, graždanka, – tə̑plandaraš töč́em, a üdə̑ramaš utə̑r βele talə̑šna, motkoč́ č́ot βursa.
Graždanskij kodeks
graždanskij praβa
Č́erle jeŋlan βürə̑m pöleklə̑maš – kažne taza soβet ajdemə̑n graždanskij dolgšo.
Memnan tβorč́eskij organizacijə̑štə̑na kükšö treboβatel'nost', principial'nost' da kalə̑k onč́ə̑lno χudožnikə̑n graždanskij otβetstβennost'šə̑m šižə̑n šogə̑mo obstanoβkə̑m ə̑štaš küleš.
graždanskij oborona
Onč́em, βaštarešla sade jeŋet toleš – graždanskij βurgeman.
Graždanskij paniχida
Soβet graždanstβə̑m nalaš
Vič́ gramm
Mündə̑rkö kajaš šonə̑mo godə̑m kažne gramm uč́otə̑što lijman.
Kuštə̑lgə̑rak predmet-βlakə̑m kilogramm da gramm dene, utlarak nele predmet-βlakə̑m centner da tonn dene βiskalat.
Lu gramman
Indeš gramman «č́ə̑zašə̑m» βaške puat.
Grammatikə̑n teorijže
Takše mə̑jə̑m grammatika ogə̑l, matematika koč́keš.
Grammatika dene «okšakla».
Akademič́eskij grammatika
1775 ijə̑šte perβə̑j marij grammatikə̑m peč́atlen lukmo.
Marij grammatikə̑se terminologij tüŋ šotə̑što ruš jə̑lmə̑lan eŋerta.
Grammatič́eskij kə̑l
grammatič́eskij struktura
grammatič́eskij joŋə̑lə̑š
Predloženijə̑se mut-βlak koklašte grammatič́eskij kə̑l ereak liješ.
Grammatič́eskij joŋə̑lə̑šə̑m ok ə̑šte ə̑le gə̑n, 5-ə̑m šə̑ndaš liješ ə̑le.
Tošto grammofon
Ala-kudo pölemə̑šte grammofon mura.
Grammofon plastinka
Mutlanə̑maš erkə̑šnə̑šat, grammofon jük sə̑lnə̑n joŋgalteš.
Gramotə̑lan tunemaš
Gramotə̑m palem ə̑le gə̑n, toβatat, mo kidə̑š perna, č́ə̑la ludam ə̑le!
Poč́otnə̑j gramota
Škol lüm dene gramotə̑mat kuč́ə̑kten puə̑mo.
Tə̑j βizə̑mše klassə̑š poč́otnə̑j gramota dene βonč́enat.
Gramotan rβeze
Tunam tudo gramotan ik jeŋlan šotlaltə̑n.
Gramotdə̑mo kuβa
Vet listoβkə̑m me gə̑na ogə̑na lud, tudə̑m šagal gramotan-βlakat ludə̑t, južə̑žo gramotdə̑mo joltašlanat ludə̑n pua.
Tič́maš gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑k
Partij onč́ə̑lan (Lenin) gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑kə̑m pisə̑nrak pə̑taraš zadač́ə̑m šə̑nden.
Sandene tidə̑m šuktaš tudlan gramotlə̑k küleš. Gramotlə̑k deč́ posna tudo ə̑nde ilen ok kert.
Reβol'ucij deč́ onč́ə̑č́ marij kalə̑kə̑n gramotnost'šo kugu lijə̑n ogə̑l.
Gramotnə̑j serə̑š
gramotnə̑j jeŋ
Teβe Vaslij škežak βozen mošta. Tudo – č́ot gramotnə̑j.
Granat sok
Mə̑j dzot körgə̑škö granata poč́eš granatə̑m koltə̑šə̑m, rüšt-rüšt šoktə̑š.
Ala-kön granata sβ'azka gusenica jə̑malan pudešte.
Karelijə̑se granit
A Maβzolej kürenalge-joškarge da šem granit dene ə̑štə̑me.
Granit paḿatnik
Paḿatnikə̑n granit postamentšə̑m marij tür dene sörastarə̑me.
Rüžgen nuno šinč́ə̑t adak part koklaš naukə̑n granitšə̑m tunemə̑n nalaš.
Gosudarstβennə̑j granica
Pojezd samə̑rə̑k patriotə̑m mündə̑r granicə̑š, Moskβa deč́ umbak č́ə̑mə̑kta.
Vladimir Il'ič́lan emigracijə̑šte granica βes βelne, jot ellašte šuko ij ilašə̑že logalə̑n.
Grankə̑m törlaš
Tidə̑m βeskana βele umə̑lə̑šə̑m: tolšaš nomer al'manaχə̑n grankə̑žə̑m ludə̑n ulmaš, tekstə̑šte jomə̑n kodšo bukβam da moń törlen.
Kombikormam granuliroβatlaš
Granuliroβatlə̑me üjaŋdə̑š
granuliroβatlə̑me kombikorma
Jal ozanlə̑klan kalijnə̑j üjaŋdə̑šə̑m granuliroβatlə̑mə̑m da šoldə̑ra kristallanə̑m gə̑na koltaš.
Pašaze-βlak zabastoβkə̑m ə̑štat, listoβkə̑m kə̑škat, graf Šeremeteβlan laskan ilaš erə̑kə̑m ogə̑t pu.
– Mə̑ńar imne, mə̑ńar traktor kuralmašte, manat? Tidə̑m tože kalasen om kert. Tə̑gaj grafa sβodkə̑što eše ə̑štə̑me ogə̑l! – ojla Ṕotr Vasil'jeβič́.
Samol'ot č́oŋeštə̑me grafik
paša grafik
Grafik poč́eš tide tə̑lzə̑šte mə̑lanna uškal ašnə̑me ceχə̑m, lüštə̑mö blokə̑m leβedə̑š jə̑mak purtaš küleš.
Pə̑rdə̑žə̑šte dežuritlə̑me grafik keč́a.
Kumdan palə̑me grafik
grafik-βlakə̑n βə̑staβkə̑št
Grafika dene zanimatlaš
Grafika užašə̑šte marij alfaβit dene, bukβa da jük koklase kə̑l dene palə̑me lijə̑na.
Vüdan grafin
Kožlajeβ grafin gə̑č́ βüdə̑m temə̑š da üdə̑rlan šujaltə̑š.
Samə̑rə̑k grafińa
Karandašlə̑k grafit
Grafič́eskij iskusstβo
grafič́eskij süret
Tek grafič́eskij ekspertiza ške zakl'uč́enijžə̑m pua.
U grejder
Nasə̑ṕə̑m ə̑štə̑mašte kugu βijan bul'dozer-βlakə̑m, grejderə̑m, skreperə̑m kuč́ə̑ltə̑t.
Krə̑mə̑šte molo kalə̑k-βlak dene pə̑rl'a grek-βlakat ilat.
Grek iskusstβo
Tə̑šte (gimnazijə̑šte) jumə̑n zakonə̑m, latin da grek jə̑lmə̑m zubritlenə̑t.
Šokšo grelka
Šokšo šörə̑m jükten, grelka dene ə̑rə̑kten, pə̑kše jol ümbak šogaltə̑št.
Sβeta, šij oŋgə̑r gaj jüketə̑m om kol gə̑n, greč́anka gaj tüsetə̑m om už gə̑n, omem jomdarem, škanem βerə̑m om mu.
Vač́aj den Šamraj, grimə̑m nalə̑n šogalə̑n, artistmə̑tə̑n šinč́agomdə̑šə̑štə̑m, nerə̑štə̑m, saŋgaštə̑m šememdə̑lə̑t, šürgə̑štə̑m č́eβertə̑lə̑t, gummiarabik dene, kollodij dene pondašə̑m pižə̑ktə̑lə̑t.
Scenə̑š lekme deč́ onč́ə̑č́ grimiroβatlaltaš
Šürgə̑m grimiroβatlaš
– Grimiroβatlaš tüŋalə̑na, – turgə̑žlanaš ogə̑l manə̑n, ške artist-βlakem scena šeŋgelse pölemə̑š naŋgajə̑šə̑m.
Gripp dene č́erlanaš
Gripp – βaške pižše, kumdan šarlə̑še č́er.
Jandar juž da βolgə̑do gripp βirusə̑m pə̑tarat.
Grifel' dene βozaš
Onč́em, ik kidə̑štə̑že (uč́itel'ə̑n) aspid doska den grifel', βes kidə̑štə̑že knižka den tetrad'.
Knižka-βlakə̑m, grifel'nə̑j oŋam nalme keč́e mə̑lanna č́ə̑lt pajremla č́uč́o.
Gromkogoβoritel'ə̑m sakaš
Gromkogoβoritel' peŋə̑žeš, keč́kə̑žeš, šüβeda.
Gromootβodə̑m šə̑ndaš
kürtńə̑βoštə̑r dene ə̑štə̑me gromootβod
Grossmejster lijaš
Bombardiroβš́š́ik-βlak, nele gruzə̑štə̑m jastaren, möŋgeš saβə̑rnə̑št.
– Molan gajkə̑že? – jodeš Pet'u. – Eŋə̑r gruzillan.
Rossijə̑šte šuko türlö kalə̑k ila: ruš, tatar, poškə̑rt, č́uβaš, gruzin, arḿan.
Gruzin jə̑lme
gruzin kalə̑k
Samə̑rə̑k gruzinka
Peš motor gruzinkə̑n kumə̑l semžə̑m šülə̑kan ruš murə̑š saβə̑ren.
Memnan č́ast' ik jüdə̑m ešelonə̑š gruzitlalte da kasβelə̑š kajaš tarβanə̑š.
Puə̑m gruzitlaš
torfə̑m gruzitlaš
Mašinaš ošmam gruzitlaš estakadə̑m ə̑štə̑me.
Č́odə̑ram šolə̑ško gruzitlə̑mašte leb'odka-βlak kuč́ə̑ltaltə̑t.
Gruzitlə̑me mašina
Č́odə̑ram gruzitlə̑še
Nuno rudnik gə̑č́ Sulij türə̑š, kugu pušə̑š rudam gruzitlə̑še-βlak deke kajat.
Teβe pasu korno dene gruzoβik kudaleš.
Gruzoβoj aβtomobil'
Č́odə̑ra türə̑š kud gruzoβoj aβtomašina tolə̑n šogale.
Gruzč́iklan ə̑štaš
βijan gruzč́ik
Gruzč́ik-βlakə̑n kidə̑št modeš βele, ošmam jastarat.
Gruntə̑m jamdə̑laš
oš grunt
klejan grunt
Radə̑nam gruntoβatlaš
kartonə̑m gruntoβatlaš
– Ə̑nde tendan gruporgda ulo, – redkollegijə̑m sajlə̑meke, mane pə̑tartə̑šlan Iβanoβ.
Me, mutat uke, diβersionnə̑j gruppə̑m organizoβatlen kertə̑na.
Kalə̑k kontrol' gruppa
Jüklə̑mö deč́ βara Salik komsomol gruppə̑m βujlatə̑še lije.
Fermə̑štə̑na partijnə̑j gruppə̑m ə̑štaš liješ.
Kumšo gruppa inβalid
Pötə̑rə̑n βüržö mogaj gruppə̑š pura?
Takše söreman mlande nergen ojlə̑mə̑m kolə̑štašat šonə̑də̑mo, č́ot toreš šogə̑šo tušmanlan antipartijnə̑j gruppiroβkə̑n uč́astnikše-βlakə̑m gə̑na šotlaš liješ.
Urem kok mogə̑rə̑što oš pört-βlak olmapu, gruša, βišńa βondo-βlak koklašte pə̑rt βele kojə̑t.
Olma, gruša, abrikos lə̑ŋak šoč́ə̑n.
Tugudešte nörep omsa poč́ə̑ltaš tüŋalə̑n ə̑l'at, βüta βokteč́ konden jamdə̑lə̑me küm ik kužu marij omsa ümbak grüp šolen koltə̑š.
Elə̑n kažne okrugšə̑lan βojennə̑j gubernatorə̑m naznač́itlə̑me.
– Te mogaj gubernij gə̑č́ ulə̑da? – jodeš ukrainec. – Kazanskij gubernij gə̑č́, – βašešta Sergej.
Mə̑j βara gubispolkomə̑što zasedanijə̑m ə̑štə̑ktə̑šə̑m, da tunamak centrə̑š zaprosə̑m ə̑štə̑šna.
Adak teŋə̑zə̑šte ilə̑še gubka den korall polip peš oŋaj ulə̑t.
Gubka dene muškə̑ltaš
Monč́ašte moč́ə̑la olmeš gubkə̑mat kuč́ə̑ltə̑t.
Paroβoz gudok
aβtomobil' gudok
Signalə̑m puaš ok lij: aβtomobil'ə̑n gudokšo pudə̑rgen.
Gudokə̑m puaš
Kok pač́ašan kü pört deran mašina šogale, šof'or kužu gudokə̑m puə̑š.
Gudok jük
Paroβozə̑n gudok jükšö šergə̑lte.
Jul βelə̑m paroχod gudok jük č́üč́kə̑də̑nak šergə̑lteš.
Osal mardež guž-ž lekteš.
Nunə̑lan (kögörč́en-βlaklan) koč́kə̑šə̑m luktamat, gul'-gul'-gul' gə̑na manam.
Mo tə̑j memnam ere jümaš da gul'ajə̑maš dene kuandaraš tolašet.
Massoβə̑j gul'anij
Tudo «Dinamo» βüd stancijə̑š masoβə̑j gul'anijə̑š tolaš üžə̑n.
Uškal šə̑l gul'aš
– Aj-aj, jalt mondenam. Eše gul'aš ulo.
Parkə̑šte gul'ajaš
Ikana tide kok Jə̑βan kaja gul'ajaš.
Tač́e βeselitlena, gul'ajena, a erla – pasuš.
Joltašet βese dene gul'aja gə̑n, mə̑j βinamat mo βara?
Rβeze godə̑m šer temmeš gul'ajen kodaš küleš.
Sadə̑šte, Kakšan serə̑šte, urem muč́ko trotuar dene kalə̑k gul'ajen košteš.
– Č́ə̑la, Nač́i! Gul'ajenat šə̑m šukto.
Socialistič́eskij gumanizm
Kugu gumanist
– Me ajdeme gumanist ulə̑na, ikte-βesə̑m pagalena.
Tide obraz goč́ pisatel' soβet ajdemə̑n kojə̑š-šoktə̑šə̑žə̑m, tudə̑n gumanist ulmə̑žə̑m onč́ə̑kten.
Kalə̑kə̑n interesše dene ilaš, kuanə̑m da ojgə̑m tudə̑n dene pə̑rl'a pajlaš, ilə̑šə̑n č́ə̑nžə̑m, memnan gumanistič́eskij idealnam peŋgə̑demdaš.
Gumanitarnə̑j nauka-βlak
Nuno (gimnazij-βlak) klassič́eskij, gumanitarnə̑j da real'nə̑jlan šelaltə̑nə̑t.
Tek memnan joč́ana-βlak en kul'turnə̑j, en gumannə̑j lijə̑t!
Tide korno tudə̑m skif kašak dekat namijen, gunn-βlak denat βašlijə̑kten.
Ožnə̑sek aram ogə̑l ojlat βet: «Motor lijmet šueš gə̑n, gusar lij!» – manə̑t.
Gusar otŕad
Sajə̑n tunə̑ktaš gə̑n, tale gusar oficer lijə̑n kerteš ə̑le.
Tank gusenica
Traktor gusenica pisə̑n pördeš, mlande č́ə̑tə̑rnalteš.
Tank purla gusenicə̑ž dene okopeš pižə̑n šogalə̑n.
Türlö lə̑βe-βlakə̑n gusenicə̑št sadə̑n, pakč́an, pasun, č́odə̑ran, ikmanaš, – č́ə̑la užar tüńan peš osal tušmanə̑št ulə̑t.
Gusenican traktor dene šupšə̑t.
Gusenič́nə̑j traktoržo kolχoz mlandə̑m kuraleš.
Peljüd gutlan, škol pörtə̑m jə̑r aβə̑ren nalmek, Moč́aloβə̑m uč́ə̑raš jamdə̑laltə̑nə̑t.
Južo godə̑m pij jük-βlak gutlan-gutlan šoktat.
Kütü šogə̑mo βer gutlaške šuə̑tat, Eč́u onč́en oškə̑leš.
Ola gutlašte
Č́eβer olə̑k gaj užar ploš́š́ad' βes mogə̑rə̑što, bol'nica gutlašte, jösə̑n šortə̑n koltə̑mo jük šergə̑lte.
Šüm gutlašte šokšə̑n č́uč́o.
Samson Paβlə̑č́ə̑m mə̑j ške peljüd gutlašte peš sajə̑n užaten koltə̑šə̑m.
Ik tə̑lze gutlašte škol kollektiβ βij dene kum spektakl'ə̑m šə̑ndə̑šna.
Jualge gə̑nat, turij-βlak, aŋa ümbač́ə̑n kə̑nelə̑n, progal južə̑m šüten, küškö muren küzatat, gu-u-uj ülə̑k βolen kajat.
Jašan ač́aže peč́e kapkam poč́o, da uškal-βlak Kazbek lüman kugu üškə̑ž poč́eš pasu mogə̑rə̑š güdö-güdö tarβanə̑št.
Tuš ludige-šamə̑č́ tolə̑n, tə̑mə̑k jüdə̑m tarβatat, güž šoktalme jükə̑m kolə̑n, tə̑manmeške jomə̑ldat.
Kožer güžge muren šoga.
Pušeŋge-βlakat neraltə̑mə̑la kojə̑n šogat. Izi mardež pualmə̑lan lijə̑n, č́arnə̑de ik semə̑n güž-ž-ž-ž šokta.
Osal jük den güžlaltə̑n šogat okna jə̑malne arə̑mšudo, nuž.
Tə̑mə̑k juž güžlaltše jük dene aβaltə̑n.
Lə̑žga mardež dene pünč́er güžlana, tutlo kiš pušə̑m šara.
Iziš ördə̑žtə̑rak ladə̑ra kue güžlanen šoga.
Vüd jogə̑mo jük č́odə̑ra güžlanə̑maške ušna.
Prijomnik gə̑č́ muzə̑ka joŋgalte. Tušto č́ə̑lažat ulo: č́odə̑ra güžlanə̑me, tütan mardež pualme.
Korno kok mogə̑rə̑što mardež dene güžlanə̑še tə̑gə̑de pušeŋge-βlak koklašte oš šoβə̑č́ dene leβedaltše lombo-βlak rüpšaltə̑t.
Jə̑rβaš sip č́odə̑ra güžla.
Kazarma mükš omartala güžla.
Elnet pünč́er tošto semə̑nak güžlen šoga.
Tide güžlə̑maš utə̑r βele ə̑lə̑že, βaraže kə̑č́kə̑rkalə̑maš dene almaštalte.
Küsle jükə̑štö kugu č́odə̑ra güžlə̑mö, eŋer šurgen jogə̑mo šokta.
Gül saska
Gül šinč́at den onč́al-jan rašrak, kidə̑štet kə̑zə̑t ulo tüńa.
Vakškü, šümeš logalten, güldə̑rdə̑k, güldə̑rdə̑k mügə̑ra.
Keneta gür-gür mügə̑raš tüŋale.
Kurə̑k ümbalnə̑se pünč́erə̑šte küdə̑r-βlak gür-gür-gür, gür-gür-gür murat.
Aeroplanže gürgə̑kten, pasu den jal ümbač́ kum jə̑r pördə̑n saβə̑rnə̑š.
Šukerte ogə̑l küdə̑rč́ö gürgə̑kten nale.
Torase küdə̑rč́ö, gürlen, surgalt ertə̑š.
Boj gürlen jə̑rβaš peš talə̑n.
Šonanpə̑l gaj βurgeman kögörč́en-βlakat kuanen gürlat.
Šüm-č́on tütanə̑n gürlə̑mašte keč́em-βlak ertə̑št juarlen.
«Uram» kə̑č́kə̑ralme, samol'ot-βlakə̑n gürlə̑mə̑št, č́ə̑la pajrem jük šoktə̑mo gaj šižə̑lteš.
Küšnö gürlə̑mö jük izemeš.
Jə̑lme gə̑də̑mata gə̑n, jot jeŋ dene mutlanet.
Ik jeŋ kidšə̑m č́ə̑ken, gə̑l pudə̑ratenak šoga.
Ikšə̑rə̑mə̑n gə̑lde-galde, gə̑lde-galde muren, βagon orβa-βlak č́ojn rel'sə̑m šotlat.
Sar ogə̑l gə̑n, ajdemə̑n jolžo tə̑šte nigunamat ok lij ə̑le dokan.
Tə̑j – ške šinč́et, mə̑j gə̑n – ogə̑m.
Jamet jə̑gə̑re oškə̑lšo Gańan šürgə̑škə̑žö onč́ale gə̑n, Gańan ner ümbalnə̑že pudra lajmə̑kə̑m užo.
Sakar deč́ ə̑žə̑mat jod, Sandə̑rə̑n izaže ila gə̑n, uke gə̑n?
Mo βara liješ gə̑n?
Jöra žapə̑štə̑že šižə̑n šuktə̑šə̑m, uke gə̑n.
Tudə̑n dene kə̑lə̑m kuč́ə̑de ok lij. Uke gə̑n č́ə̑la paša tupə̑ń saβə̑rnen kerteš.
Udə̑ren nalme šudo deč́ βara otə̑l gə̑na kijen kodeš.
Kə̑zə̑t gə̑na tüškan ə̑štə̑šet-βlak ala-kuš jomə̑n-šalanen pə̑tenat šuə̑t.
Toβatlen ojlaš gə̑na tüŋalə̑nam ə̑le, no Saskaβij č́arə̑š.
Izi gə̑na kuńə̑rij uškalə̑št ulo, tudat šörə̑m peš šagal pua.
Mogaj gə̑na mašinam šonen luktə̑n otə̑l!
Örtem č́uč́ gə̑na ə̑š lek.
Koklan gə̑na šokšo juž tarβana.
Jə̑βan mom-gə̑nat ereak ə̑šta.
Kö dene gə̑nat kə̑lə̑m kuč́a.
Mə̑j gə̑nat ere tuško kuržtalam da.
Ekranə̑šte βolgalt kajə̑š, šə̑ri-βuri ümə̑lka kojo, gə̑r-gür mügə̑raltə̑me šoktə̑š.
Tuβə̑r urβaltešə̑že gə̑ri-gurim kuč́en.
Kerde peš motor, kuč́emže šij, gə̑ri-guri süretan.
Üdə̑r sumkaž gə̑č́ fotokartoč́kə̑m lukto.
Eč́an üsteltör gə̑č́ lekte.
Kum ergə̑št gə̑č́ iktə̑že – šof'or, βesə̑že – jal ozanlə̑k meχanizator, pə̑tartə̑šə̑že – paroχodə̑n mašinistše.
Tuβə̑rtə̑š gə̑č́ üjə̑m ə̑štaš ok lij.
Aβtomatə̑m kažnə̑lan nalaš, tə̑leč́ posna kum-nə̑l granata gə̑č́ nalza, küleš liješ.
Modə̑š gə̑č́ lodə̑š liješ.
Nu i igeč́e! – mut uke gə̑č́ tüŋale tolšo jeŋ.
Ik šagat gə̑č́
Kok arńa gə̑č́ toβariš́š́eskij sud lije.
A molan βara tə̑j deket tolgə̑č́ ogə̑t koj?
Šüdö metr kokla gə̑č́ lüjaš.
Apšat tudə̑n dek mijə̑šat, βujžo gə̑č́ nijalten koltə̑š.
Ol'u βoštə̑lmo jöre peleštə̑š, no mə̑jə̑m kidpüan gə̑č́ ə̑š nal.
Kapka šeŋgelne, kudə̑βeč́ə̑šte, Ondri Japə̑k den βatə̑že šə̑pak šogat, šelše gə̑č́ uremə̑š onč́at.
Pašaze ješ gə̑č́
Terentij Marnuš gajak nužna ješ gə̑č́.
Kajə̑kə̑m č́oŋeštə̑mə̑ž gə̑č́ak palat.
A GES-βlak, puen ilə̑š tulə̑m, mə̑ńar zaβodlam ə̑lə̑žtat!
[Search]
ga 1
Memnan kolχozə̑n kok tüžem ga mlandə̑že ulo.
| Memnan |
| mem | -na | -n |
| me | -na | -n |
| 1PL | -1PL | -GEN |
| pr | -poss | -case |
|
| kolχozə̑n |
| kolχoz | -ə̑n |
| kolχoz | -n |
| kolkhoz | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
|
| tüžem |
| tüžem |
| tüžem |
| thousand |
| nm |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em |
| tüž | -em |
| heavy.with.young | -1SG |
| ad | -poss |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em |
| tüžö | -em |
| heavy.with.young | -1SG |
| ad | -poss |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüžö | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -conn |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüžö | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -conn |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad | -deriv.v | -adv |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüžö | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
|
| mlandə̑že |
| mlandə̑ | -že |
| mlande | -že |
| land | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| mlandə̑že |
| mlandə̑ | -že |
| mlande | -že |
| Earth | -3SG |
| pn | -poss |
|
|
gabardin 1
Sur tüsan gabardin
|
|
| tüsan |
| tüsan |
| tüsan |
| colored |
| ad |
| tüsan |
| tüs | -an |
| tüs | -an |
| color | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| gabardin |
| gabardin |
| gabardin |
| gabardine |
| no |
|
gabardin 2
kost'umlə̑k gabardin
| kost'umlə̑k |
| kost'umlə̑k |
| kost'umlə̑k |
| suit |
| ad |
| kost'umlə̑k |
| kost'um | -lə̑k |
| kost'um | -lə̑k |
| suit | -for |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| gabardin |
| gabardin |
| gabardin |
| gabardine |
| no |
|
gabardin 3
«Raduga» magazinə̑šte türlö tkańə̑m užalat: gabardinə̑m, suknam, sitcə̑m da t. m.
| «Raduga» |
| Raduga |
| Raduga |
| Raduga |
| na |
|
| magazinə̑šte |
| magazin | -ə̑šte |
| magazin | -šte |
| shop | -INE |
| no | -case |
| magazinə̑šte |
| magazi | -n | -ə̑šte |
| magazi | -n | -šte |
| X | -GEN | -INE |
| ad | -case | -case |
|
| türlö |
| türlö |
| türlö |
| different |
| ad/no/po |
| türlö |
| türlö | -Ø |
| türlö | -Ø |
| embroider | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| türlö |
| türlö | -Ø |
| türlö | -Ø |
| embroider | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| tkańə̑m |
| tkań | -ə̑m |
| tkań | -m |
| tissue | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| užalat: |
| užal | -at |
| užale | -at |
| sell | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| užalat: |
| užal | -a | -t |
| užale | -a | -at |
| sell | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| užalat: |
| užal | -Ø | -at |
| užale | -Ø | -at |
| sell | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
| gabardinə̑m, |
| gabardin | -ə̑m |
| gabardin | -m |
| gabardine | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| suknam, |
| sukna | -m |
| sukna | -m |
| cloth | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| suknam, |
| sukna | -m |
| sukna | -em |
| cloth | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| suknam, |
| suk | -na | -m |
| suk | -na | -m |
| guarantee | -1PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| suknam, |
| suk | -na | -m |
| suk | -na | -m |
| X | -1PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| suknam, |
| sukna | -m | -Ø |
| sukna | -em | -Ø |
| cloth | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| suknam, |
| sukna | -m | -Ø |
| sukna | -em | -Ø |
| cloth | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| suknam, |
| sukna | -m | -Ø |
| sukna | -em | -Ø |
| cloth | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| sitcə̑m |
| sitcə̑ | -m |
| sitce | -m |
| chintz | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
|
|
|
gabardin 4
Gabardin pal'tom urgə̑ktaš
| Gabardin |
| Gabardin |
| gabardin |
| gabardine |
| no |
|
| pal'tom |
| pal'to | -m |
| pal'to | -m |
| coat | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| urgə̑ktaš |
| urgə̑kt | -aš |
| urgə̑kto | -aš |
| have.something.sewn | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| urgə̑ktaš |
| urgə̑ | -kt | -aš |
| urgo | -kte | -aš |
| sew | -CAUS | -INF |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -inf |
|
gabarit 1
Küβarə̑n gabaritše
| Küβarə̑n |
| Küβar | -ə̑n |
| küβar | -n |
| floor | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gabaritše |
| gabarit | -še |
| gabarit | -že |
| size | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
gabarit 2
βagonə̑n gabaritše
| βagonə̑n |
| βagon | -ə̑n |
| βagon | -n |
| railroad.car | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gabaritše |
| gabarit | -še |
| gabarit | -že |
| size | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
gabarit 3
Tide gruzə̑n gabaritše kugu, mašinaš ok puro.
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| gruzə̑n |
| gruz | -ə̑n |
| gruz | -n |
| load | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gabaritše |
| gabarit | -še |
| gabarit | -že |
| size | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| kugu, |
| kugu |
| kugu |
| big |
| ad/no |
|
| mašinaš |
| mašina | -š |
| mašina | -š |
| machine | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| mašinaš |
| mašina | -š |
| mašina | -eš |
| machine | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| ok |
| ok | -Ø |
| ok | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| puro. |
| puro | -Ø |
| puro | -Ø |
| go.in | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| puro. |
| pur | -o |
| pur | -Je |
| chew | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| puro. |
| puro | -Ø |
| puro | -Ø |
| go.in | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
gabaritan 1
Kugu gabaritan gruz
|
|
| gabaritan |
| gabaritan |
| gabaritan |
| sized |
| ad |
| gabaritan |
| gabarit | -an |
| gabarit | -an |
| size | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
gabaritan 2
Šuko gruzə̑m naŋgajen kertše aβtosamosβallan kugu gabaritan šinə̑m ə̑šten luktaš tüŋalaš.
| Šuko |
| Šuko |
| šuko |
| a.lot |
| ad/av/no |
|
| gruzə̑m |
| gruz | -ə̑m |
| gruz | -m |
| load | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| naŋgajen |
| naŋgaj | -en | -Ø |
| naŋgaje | -en | -Ø |
| take | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| naŋgajen |
| naŋgaj | -en |
| naŋgaje | -en |
| take | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kertše |
| kertše |
| kertše |
| capable |
| ad |
| kertše |
| kert | -še |
| kert | -še |
| be.able.to | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| kertše |
| kert | -še |
| kert | -še |
| swaddle | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| kertše |
| kert | -še |
| kert | -že |
| be.able.to | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kertše |
| kert | -še |
| kert | -že |
| swaddle | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kertše |
| kert | -Ø | -še |
| kert | -Ø | -že |
| be.able.to | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| kertše |
| kert | -Ø | -še |
| kert | -Ø | -že |
| swaddle | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| kertše |
| kert | -Ø | -še |
| kert | -Ø | -že |
| be.able.to | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
| kertše |
| kert | -Ø | -še |
| kert | -Ø | -že |
| swaddle | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
| aβtosamosβallan |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
|
| gabaritan |
| gabaritan |
| gabaritan |
| sized |
| ad |
| gabaritan |
| gabarit | -an |
| gabarit | -an |
| size | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| šinə̑m |
| šinə̑ | -m |
| šine | -m |
| tire | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑šten |
| ə̑št | -en | -Ø |
| ə̑šte | -en | -Ø |
| do | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑šten |
| ə̑št | -en |
| ə̑šte | -en |
| do | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| luktaš |
| lukt | -aš |
| lukt | -aš |
| lead.out | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
| tüŋalaš. |
| tüŋal | -aš |
| tüŋal | -aš |
| start | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gaβań 1
Teŋə̑z gaβań
| Teŋə̑z |
| Teŋə̑z |
| teŋə̑z |
| sea |
| no |
|
| gaβań |
| gaβań |
| gaβań |
| harbor |
| no |
|
gaβań 2 (I. Antonoβ)
Da korabl' šogaleš gaβań deke tolə̑n.
|
|
| korabl' |
| korabl' |
| korabl' |
| ship |
| no |
|
| šogaleš |
| šogal | -eš |
| šogal | -eš |
| stand.up | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| gaβań |
| gaβań |
| gaβań |
| harbor |
| no |
|
|
| tolə̑n. |
| tol | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tol | -n | -Ø |
| come | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tolə̑n. |
| tol | -ə̑n |
| tol | -n |
| come | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gaβań 3 (V. Juksern)
Teploχod gaβańə̑š purə̑š.
| Teploχod |
| Teploχod |
| teploχod |
| motorship |
| no |
|
| gaβańə̑š |
| gaβań | -ə̑š |
| gaβań | -š |
| harbor | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| purə̑š. |
| purə̑š |
| purə̑š |
| nase |
| no |
| purə̑š. |
| purə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| puro | -š | -Ø |
| go.in | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gagaludo 1
Gagaludo č́oŋešta
| Gagaludo |
| Gagaludo |
| gagaludo |
| eider |
| no |
|
| č́oŋešta |
| č́oŋešt | -a |
| č́oŋešte | -a |
| fly | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gagaludo 2
Gagaludə̑m lüjaš č́arə̑me.
| Gagaludə̑m |
| Gagaludə̑ | -m |
| gagaludo | -m |
| eider | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| lüjaš |
| lüj | -aš |
| lüjö | -aš |
| shoot | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| č́arə̑me. |
| č́arə̑me |
| č́arə̑me |
| forbidden |
| ad/no |
| č́arə̑me. |
| č́arə̑ | -me |
| č́are | -me |
| prohibit | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
gagaludo 3
Gagaludo mamə̑k
| Gagaludo |
| Gagaludo |
| gagaludo |
| eider |
| no |
|
| mamə̑k |
| mamə̑k |
| mamə̑k |
| down |
| no |
|
gagaludo 4
gagaludo pə̑žaš
| gagaludo |
| gagaludo |
| gagaludo |
| eider |
| no |
|
| pə̑žaš |
| pə̑žaš |
| pə̑žaš |
| nest |
| no |
|
gagara 1
Memnan kundemə̑š gagara aprel' kə̑dalne toleš.
| Memnan |
| mem | -na | -n |
| me | -na | -n |
| 1PL | -1PL | -GEN |
| pr | -poss | -case |
|
| kundemə̑š |
| kundem | -ə̑š |
| kundem | -š |
| region | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
|
| aprel' |
| aprel' |
| aprel' |
| April |
| no |
|
| kə̑dalne |
| kə̑dalne |
| kə̑dalne |
| in.the.middle.of |
| po |
|
| toleš. |
| tol' | -eš |
| tol' | -eš |
| tarred.roofing.paper | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| toleš. |
| tol | -eš |
| tol | -eš |
| come | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gagara 2 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Jə̑ŋə̑sat gagara-šamə̑č́.
| Jə̑ŋə̑sat |
| Jə̑ŋə̑s | -at |
| jə̑ŋə̑se | -at |
| moan | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| Jə̑ŋə̑sat |
| Jə̑ŋə̑s | -a | -t |
| jə̑ŋə̑se | -a | -at |
| moan | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| Jə̑ŋə̑sat |
| Jə̑ŋə̑s | -Ø | -at |
| jə̑ŋə̑se | -Ø | -at |
| moan | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
| gagara-šamə̑č́. |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
gagara 3
Gagara mamə̑k
| Gagara |
| Gagara |
| Gagara |
| Gagara |
| na |
|
| mamə̑k |
| mamə̑k |
| mamə̑k |
| down |
| no |
|
gad 1 (N. Lekajn)
– Fašist tüškam č́ot eskere, – šə̑rgə̑žale lejtenant, – gad-βlak tolə̑n lektə̑t gə̑n, nunə̑m č́ot kə̑re, trus it lij!
| Fašist |
| Fašist |
| fašist |
| fascist |
| no |
|
| tüškam |
| tüška | -m |
| tüška | -m |
| group | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| tüškam |
| tüška | -m |
| tüška | -em |
| group | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| tüškam |
| tüška | -m | -Ø |
| tüška | -em | -Ø |
| group | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| tüškam |
| tüška | -m | -Ø |
| tüška | -em | -Ø |
| group | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| tüškam |
| tüška | -m | -Ø |
| tüška | -em | -Ø |
| group | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
|
| eskere, – |
| eskere | -Ø |
| eskere | -Ø |
| observe | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| eskere, – |
| eskere | -Ø |
| eskere | -Ø |
| observe | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| šə̑rgə̑žale |
| šə̑rgə̑žal | -'e |
| šə̑rgə̑žal | -Je |
| smile | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| lejtenant, – |
| lejtenant |
| lejtenant |
| lieutenant |
| no |
|
| gad-βlak |
| gad | -βlak |
| gad | -βlak |
| reptile | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| tolə̑n |
| tol | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tol | -n | -Ø |
| come | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tolə̑n |
| tol | -ə̑n |
| tol | -n |
| come | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| lektə̑t |
| lekt | -ə̑t |
| lekt | -ə̑t |
| go | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
|
| nunə̑m |
| nunə̑m |
| nunə̑m |
| them |
| pr |
| nunə̑m |
| nuno | -m |
| nuno | -m |
| 3PL | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
|
| kə̑re, |
| kə̑re | -Ø |
| kə̑re | -Ø |
| beat | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| kə̑re, |
| kə̑re | -Ø |
| kə̑re | -Ø |
| beat | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
|
| it |
| it |
| it |
| NEG.IMP.2SG |
| vb.mood.pers |
|
| lij! |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lij! |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| lij! |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gaz I 1
Gazə̑m č́üktaš
| Gazə̑m |
| Gaz | -ə̑m |
| gaz | -m |
| gas | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| Gazə̑m |
| Gaz | -ə̑m |
| gaz | -m |
| gauze | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| č́üktaš |
| č́ükt | -aš |
| č́üktö | -aš |
| light | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gaz I 2
gazə̑m kondaš
| gazə̑m |
| gaz | -ə̑m |
| gaz | -m |
| gas | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| gazə̑m |
| gaz | -ə̑m |
| gaz | -m |
| gauze | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kondaš |
| kond | -aš |
| kondo | -aš |
| bring | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gaz I 3 (K. Koršunoβ)
Marina. Irina, č́ajə̑m šə̑ndenam, šolaš pura gə̑n, gazə̑m jörtö.
| Marina. |
| Marina |
| Marina |
| Marina |
| na |
|
| Irina, |
| Irina |
| Irina |
| Irina |
| na |
|
| č́ajə̑m |
| č́aj | -ə̑m |
| č́aj | -m |
| tea | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šə̑ndenam, |
| šə̑nd | -en | -am |
| šə̑nde | -en | -am |
| put | -PST2 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| šolaš |
| šolaš |
| šolaš |
| the.left |
| av |
| šolaš |
| šola | -š |
| šola | -š |
| left | -ILL |
| ad/no | -case |
| šolaš |
| šola | -š |
| šola | -eš |
| left | -LAT |
| ad/no | -case |
| šolaš |
| šol | -aš |
| šol | -aš |
| boil | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| šolaš |
| šol | -aš |
| šolo | -aš |
| throw | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| pura |
| pura |
| pura |
| home-made.kvass |
| no |
| pura |
| pura |
| pura |
| framework |
| no |
| pura |
| pur | -a |
| puro | -a |
| go.in | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| gazə̑m |
| gaz | -ə̑m |
| gaz | -m |
| gas | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| gazə̑m |
| gaz | -ə̑m |
| gaz | -m |
| gauze | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| jörtö. |
| jörtö | -Ø |
| jörtö | -Ø |
| put.out | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| jörtö. |
| jörtö | -Ø |
| jörtö | -Ø |
| put.out | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
gaz I 4
gaz plita
|
|
| plita |
| plita |
| plita |
| plate |
| no |
|
gaz I 5 (Ju. Artamonoβ)
(Vederka) kužun ok šinč́e, kə̑neleš, kuχńə̑š kaja, gaz plita onč́ə̑lan č́arnalta.
| (Vederka) |
| Vederka |
| Vederka |
| Vederka |
| na |
|
| kužun |
| kužun |
| kužun |
| long.time |
| av |
| kužun |
| kužu | -n |
| kužu | -n |
| long | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| ok |
| ok | -Ø |
| ok | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| šinč́e, |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| sit | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šinč́e, |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| know | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šinč́e, |
| šinč́ | -e |
| šinč́ | -Je |
| sit.down | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šinč́e, |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| sit | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| šinč́e, |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| know | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| kə̑neleš, |
| kə̑ńel | -eš |
| kə̑ńel | -eš |
| get.up | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| kuχńə̑š |
| kuχńə̑ | -š |
| kuχńo | -š |
| kitchen | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| kaja, |
| kaj | -a |
| kaje | -a |
| go | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| plita |
| plita |
| plita |
| plate |
| no |
|
| onč́ə̑lan |
| onč́ə̑lan |
| onč́ə̑lan |
| in.front.of |
| av/po |
| onč́ə̑lan |
| onč́ə̑l | -an |
| onč́ə̑l | -an |
| front | -with |
| ad/no | -deriv.ad |
|
| č́arnalta. |
| č́arnalt | -a |
| č́arnalte | -a |
| stop | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gazan 1
Gazan zažigalka
| Gazan |
| Gaz | -an |
| gaz | -an |
| gas | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| Gazan |
| Gaz | -an |
| gaz | -an |
| gauze | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| zažigalka |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
gazan 2 (V. Iβanoβ)
Protiβogazə̑m č́ijen, «ajar gazan» βerə̑m ertenə̑t.
| Protiβogazə̑m |
| Protiβogaz | -ə̑m |
| protiβogaz | -m |
| gas.mask | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| č́ijen, |
| č́ije | -n |
| č́ije | -n |
| cherry.tree | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| č́ijen, |
| č́ij | -en | -Ø |
| č́ije | -en | -Ø |
| put.on | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| č́ijen, |
| č́ij | -en |
| č́ije | -en |
| put.on | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| «ajar |
| ajar |
| ajar |
| poison |
| ad/no |
|
| gazan» |
| gazan |
| gazan |
| gas |
| ad |
| gazan» |
| gaz | -an |
| gaz | -an |
| gas | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| gazan» |
| gaz | -an |
| gaz | -an |
| gauze | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| βerə̑m |
| βer | -ə̑m |
| βer | -m |
| place | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ertenə̑t. |
| ert | -en | -ə̑t |
| erte | -en | -ə̑t |
| pass | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gazet 1
«Jamde lij!» gazet
| «Jamde |
| Jamde |
| jamde |
| ready |
| ad |
|
| lij!» |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lij!» |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| lij!» |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| gazet |
| gazet |
| gazet |
| newspaper |
| no |
| gazet |
| gaz | -et |
| gaz | -et |
| gas | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| gazet |
| gaz | -et |
| gaz | -et |
| gauze | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
|
gazet 2
gazetə̑m ludaš
| gazetə̑m |
| gazet | -ə̑m |
| gazet | -m |
| newspaper | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| gazetə̑m |
| gaz | -et | -ə̑m |
| gaz | -et | -m |
| gas | -2SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| gazetə̑m |
| gaz | -et | -ə̑m |
| gaz | -et | -m |
| gauze | -2SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| ludaš |
| lud | -aš |
| lud | -aš |
| read | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gazet 3
Gazet – žapə̑n βoštonč́ə̑šə̑žo.
| Gazet – |
| Gazet |
| gazet |
| newspaper |
| no |
| Gazet – |
| Gaz | -et |
| gaz | -et |
| gas | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| Gazet – |
| Gaz | -et |
| gaz | -et |
| gauze | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| žapə̑n |
| žap | -ə̑n |
| žap | -n |
| time | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| βoštonč́ə̑šə̑žo. |
| βoštonč́ə̑š | -ə̑žo |
| βoštonč́ə̑š | -že |
| mirror | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
gazet 4 (M. Šketan)
Üstel ümbalne gazet, žurnal-βlak kijə̑ltə̑t.
| Üstel |
| Üstel |
| üstel |
| table |
| no |
|
| ümbalne |
| ümbalne |
| ümbalne |
| above |
| av/po |
|
| gazet, |
| gazet |
| gazet |
| newspaper |
| no |
| gazet, |
| gaz | -et |
| gaz | -et |
| gas | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| gazet, |
| gaz | -et |
| gaz | -et |
| gauze | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| žurnal-βlak |
| žurnal | -βlak |
| žurnal | -βlak |
| magazine | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| kijə̑ltə̑t. |
| kijə̑lt | -ə̑t |
| kijə̑lt | -ə̑t |
| lie.around | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gazet 5
Gazet polosa
| Gazet |
| Gazet |
| gazet |
| newspaper |
| no |
| Gazet |
| Gaz | -et |
| gaz | -et |
| gas | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| Gazet |
| Gaz | -et |
| gaz | -et |
| gauze | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| polosa |
| polosa |
| polosa |
| stripe |
| no |
|
gazet 6
gazet jə̑lme
| gazet |
| gazet |
| gazet |
| newspaper |
| no |
| gazet |
| gaz | -et |
| gaz | -et |
| gas | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| gazet |
| gaz | -et |
| gaz | -et |
| gauze | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| jə̑lme |
| jə̑lme |
| jə̑lme |
| tongue |
| no |
|
gazet 7 (V. Isenekoβ)
– O-o, te, užamat, gazet jə̑lme dene kutə̑reda.
|
|
|
| užamat, |
| užamat |
| užamat |
| as.I.see |
| pa |
| užamat, |
| už | -am | -at |
| už | -am | -at |
| see | -1SG | -and |
| vb1 | -pers | -enc |
|
| gazet |
| gazet |
| gazet |
| newspaper |
| no |
| gazet |
| gaz | -et |
| gaz | -et |
| gas | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| gazet |
| gaz | -et |
| gaz | -et |
| gauze | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| jə̑lme |
| jə̑lme |
| jə̑lme |
| tongue |
| no |
|
|
| kutə̑reda. |
| kutə̑r | -eda |
| kutə̑ro | -eda |
| talk | -2PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gazet 8 (B. Daniloβ)
Ikmə̑ńar keč́e gə̑č́ klassə̑šte pə̑rdə̑ž gazet lekte.
| Ikmə̑ńar |
| Ikmə̑ńar |
| ikmə̑ńar |
| some |
| ad/av/nm/pr |
|
| keč́e |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| keč́e |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| klassə̑šte |
| klass | -ə̑šte |
| klass | -šte |
| class | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| pə̑rdə̑ž |
| pə̑rdə̑ž |
| pə̑rdə̑ž |
| wall |
| no |
|
| gazet |
| gazet |
| gazet |
| newspaper |
| no |
| gazet |
| gaz | -et |
| gaz | -et |
| gas | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| gazet |
| gaz | -et |
| gaz | -et |
| gauze | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| lekte. |
| lekt | -e |
| lekt | -Je |
| go | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gazetlə̑k 1
Gazetlə̑k kagaz
| Gazetlə̑k |
| Gazetlə̑k |
| gazetlə̑k |
| newspaper |
| ad |
| Gazetlə̑k |
| Gazet | -lə̑k |
| gazet | -lə̑k |
| newspaper | -for |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| kagaz |
| kagaz |
| kagaz |
| paper |
| no |
|
gazetlə̑k 2 (V. Isenekoβ)
Kartšə̑mat pə̑rdə̑ž gazetlə̑k kagaz dene ə̑štenda.
| Kartšə̑mat |
| Kart | -šə̑ | -m | -at |
| kart | -že | -m | -at |
| priest | -3SG | -ACC | -and |
| no | -poss | -case | -enc |
| Kartšə̑mat |
| Kart | -šə̑ | -m | -at |
| kart | -že | -m | -at |
| map | -3SG | -ACC | -and |
| no | -poss | -case | -enc |
|
| pə̑rdə̑ž |
| pə̑rdə̑ž |
| pə̑rdə̑ž |
| wall |
| no |
|
| gazetlə̑k |
| gazetlə̑k |
| gazetlə̑k |
| newspaper |
| ad |
| gazetlə̑k |
| gazet | -lə̑k |
| gazet | -lə̑k |
| newspaper | -for |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| kagaz |
| kagaz |
| kagaz |
| paper |
| no |
|
|
| ə̑štenda. |
| ə̑št | -en | -da |
| ə̑šte | -en | -da |
| do | -PST2 | -2PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gazetnə̑j 1
Gazetnə̑j βitrina
| Gazetnə̑j |
| Gazetnə̑j |
| gazetnə̑j |
| newspaper |
| ad |
|
|
gazetnə̑j 2 (A. Asə̑lbajeβ)
M. Šketanə̑n gazetnə̑j stat'jaže-βlak tematika šotə̑što türlö-türlö ulə̑t.
|
|
| Šketanə̑n |
| Šket | -an | -ə̑n |
| šket | -an | -n |
| alone | -with | -GEN |
| ad/av/pa | -deriv.ad | -case |
|
| gazetnə̑j |
| gazetnə̑j |
| gazetnə̑j |
| newspaper |
| ad |
|
| stat'jaže-βlak |
| stat'ja | -že | -βlak |
| stat'ja | -že | -βlak |
| article | -3SG | -PL |
| no | -poss | -num |
|
|
| šotə̑što |
| šotə̑što |
| šotə̑što |
| regarding |
| po |
| šotə̑što |
| šot | -ə̑što |
| šot | -šte |
| use | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| türlö-türlö |
| türlö-türlö |
| türlö-türlö |
| various |
| ad |
|
| ulə̑t. |
| ul | -ə̑t |
| ul | -ə̑t |
| be | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gazetč́ik 1
Č́ə̑la βere šušo gazetč́ik.
| Č́ə̑la |
| Č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| everything |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
| βere |
| βere |
| βere |
| in.a.place |
| po |
|
| šušo |
| šušo |
| šušo |
| fermented |
| ad |
| šušo |
| šu | -šo |
| šu | -še |
| reach | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| šušo |
| šu | -šo |
| šu | -še |
| ferment | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| šušo |
| šu | -šo |
| šu | -še |
| whittle | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| gazetč́ik. |
| gazetč́ik |
| gazetč́ik |
| journalist |
| no |
|
gazetə̑se 1
Gazetə̑se material
| Gazetə̑se |
| Gazetə̑se |
| gazetə̑se |
| newspaper |
| ad |
| Gazetə̑se |
| Gazet | -ə̑se |
| gazet | -se |
| newspaper | -ADJ |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| material |
| material |
| material |
| material |
| no |
|
gazetə̑se 2
gazetə̑se stat'ja
| gazetə̑se |
| gazetə̑se |
| gazetə̑se |
| newspaper |
| ad |
| gazetə̑se |
| gazet | -ə̑se |
| gazet | -se |
| newspaper | -ADJ |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| stat'ja |
| stat'ja |
| stat'ja |
| article |
| no |
|
gazetə̑se 3 (P. Korniloβ)
Gazetə̑se zametkə̑m ludə̑n lekmek, ə̑nde č́ə̑lažat βes semə̑n kojo.
| Gazetə̑se |
| Gazetə̑se |
| gazetə̑se |
| newspaper |
| ad |
| Gazetə̑se |
| Gazet | -ə̑se |
| gazet | -se |
| newspaper | -ADJ |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| zametkə̑m |
| zametkə̑ | -m |
| zametke | -m |
| note | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ludə̑n |
| ludə̑ | -n |
| ludo | -n |
| duck | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| ludə̑n |
| ludə̑ | -n |
| ludo | -n |
| gray | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| ludə̑n |
| lud | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lud | -n | -Ø |
| read | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| ludə̑n |
| lud | -ə̑n |
| lud | -n |
| read | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| lekmek, |
| lek | -mek |
| lekt | -mek |
| go | -CVB.PRI |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ə̑nde |
| ə̑nde |
| ə̑nde |
| now |
| av/pa |
|
| č́ə̑lažat |
| č́ə̑lažat |
| č́ə̑lažat |
| in.total |
| pr |
| č́ə̑lažat |
| č́ə̑laž | -at |
| č́ə̑laže | -at |
| everything | -and |
| pr | -enc |
| č́ə̑lažat |
| č́ə̑la | -ž | -at |
| č́ə̑la | -že | -at |
| everything | -3SG | -and |
| ad/pa/pr | -poss | -enc |
|
| βes |
| βes |
| βes |
| different |
| ad/pr |
|
| semə̑n |
| semə̑n |
| semə̑n |
| like |
| po |
| semə̑n |
| sem | -ə̑n |
| sem | -n |
| melody | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| semə̑n |
| sem | -ə̑n |
| sem | -n |
| sense | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| kojo. |
| koj | -o |
| koj | -Je |
| be.visible | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gazik 1
Gazikə̑m nalaš
| Gazikə̑m |
| Gazik | -ə̑m |
| gazik | -m |
| GAZ.car | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| nalaš |
| nal | -aš |
| nal | -aš |
| take | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gazik 2 (I. Iβanoβ)
Izarńan kapka onč́ə̑ko gazik tolə̑n šogale.
| Izarńan |
| Izarńan |
| izarńan |
| on.Thursday |
| av |
| Izarńan |
| Izarńa | -n |
| izarńa | -an |
| Thursday | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| Izarńan |
| Izarńa | -n |
| izarńa | -n |
| Thursday | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| kapka |
| kapka |
| kapka |
| gate |
| no |
|
| onč́ə̑ko |
| onč́ə̑ko |
| onč́ə̑ko |
| forward |
| av/po |
|
| gazik |
| gazik |
| gazik |
| GAZ.car |
| no |
|
| tolə̑n |
| tol | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tol | -n | -Ø |
| come | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tolə̑n |
| tol | -ə̑n |
| tol | -n |
| come | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| šogale. |
| šogale | -Ø |
| šogale | -Ø |
| plough | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šogale. |
| šogal | -'e |
| šogal | -Je |
| stand.up | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šogale. |
| šogale | -Ø |
| šogale | -Ø |
| plough | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
gaziroβannə̑j 1
Gaziroβannə̑j βüd
| Gaziroβannə̑j |
| Gaziroβannə̑j |
| gaziroβannə̑j |
| carbonated |
| ad |
|
|
gaziroβannə̑j 2
Uremə̑šte gaziroβannə̑j βüd aβtomat-βlak pašam ə̑štat.
| Uremə̑šte |
| Urem | -ə̑šte |
| urem | -šte |
| street | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| gaziroβannə̑j |
| gaziroβannə̑j |
| gaziroβannə̑j |
| carbonated |
| ad |
|
|
| aβtomat-βlak |
| aβtomat | -βlak |
| aβtomat | -βlak |
| assault.rifle | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| pašam |
| paša | -m |
| paša | -m |
| work | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| pašam |
| paša | -m |
| paša | -em |
| work | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| pašam |
| paša | -m | -Ø |
| paša | -em | -Ø |
| work | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| pašam |
| paša | -m | -Ø |
| paša | -em | -Ø |
| work | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| pašam |
| paša | -m | -Ø |
| paša | -em | -Ø |
| work | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| ə̑štat. |
| ə̑ | -š | -t | -at |
| ə̑ | -š | -t | -at |
| NEG | -PST | -3PL | -and |
| vb | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| ə̑štat. |
| ə̑št | -at |
| ə̑šte | -at |
| do | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| ə̑štat. |
| ə̑št | -a | -t |
| ə̑šte | -a | -at |
| do | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| ə̑štat. |
| ə̑št | -Ø | -at |
| ə̑šte | -Ø | -at |
| do | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
gaziroβatlaš 1
Vüdə̑m gaziroβatlaš
| Vüdə̑m |
| Vüd | -ə̑m |
| βüd | -m |
| water | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| gaziroβatlaš |
| gaziroβatl | -aš |
| gaziroβatle | -aš |
| carbonate | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gaziroβatlə̑me 1
Gaziroβatlə̑me βüd
| Gaziroβatlə̑me |
| Gaziroβatlə̑me |
| gaziroβatlə̑me |
| carbonated |
| ad |
| Gaziroβatlə̑me |
| Gaziroβatlə̑ | -me |
| gaziroβatle | -me |
| carbonate | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
|
gaziroβka 1
Gaziroβkə̑m jüaš
| Gaziroβkə̑m |
| Gaziroβkə̑ | -m |
| gaziroβko | -m |
| carbonated.water | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| jüaš |
| jü | -aš |
| jü | -aš |
| drink | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gaziroβka 2
Vokzal βoktene gaziroβkə̑m užalat.
| Vokzal |
| Vokzal |
| βokzal |
| station |
| no |
|
| βoktene |
| βoktene |
| βoktene |
| beside |
| av/po |
|
| gaziroβkə̑m |
| gaziroβkə̑ | -m |
| gaziroβko | -m |
| carbonated.water | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| užalat. |
| užal | -at |
| užale | -at |
| sell | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| užalat. |
| užal | -a | -t |
| užale | -a | -at |
| sell | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| užalat. |
| užal | -Ø | -at |
| užale | -Ø | -at |
| sell | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
gazifikacij 1
Gazifikacijə̑m šaraš
| Gazifikacijə̑m |
| Gazifikacij | -ə̑m |
| gazifikacij | -m |
| supplying.with.gas | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šaraš |
| šara | -š |
| šara | -š |
| bright | -ILL |
| ad | -case |
| šaraš |
| šara | -š |
| šara | -š |
| extensive | -ILL |
| ad | -case |
| šaraš |
| šara | -š |
| šara | -š |
| X | -ILL |
| ad | -case |
| šaraš |
| šara | -š |
| šara | -š |
| glanders | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| šaraš |
| šara | -š |
| šara | -eš |
| bright | -LAT |
| ad | -case |
| šaraš |
| šara | -š |
| šara | -eš |
| extensive | -LAT |
| ad | -case |
| šaraš |
| šara | -š |
| šara | -eš |
| X | -LAT |
| ad | -case |
| šaraš |
| šara | -š |
| šara | -eš |
| glanders | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šaraš |
| šar | -aš |
| šare | -aš |
| spread.out | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gazifikacij 2
Memnan gosudarstβo gazifikacijlan kugu βnimanijə̑m ojə̑ra.
| Memnan |
| mem | -na | -n |
| me | -na | -n |
| 1PL | -1PL | -GEN |
| pr | -poss | -case |
|
| gosudarstβo |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| gazifikacijlan |
| gazifikacij | -lan |
| gazifikacij | -lan |
| supplying.with.gas | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| gazifikacijlan |
| gazifikacij | -la | -n |
| gazifikacij | -la | -n |
| supplying.with.gas | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
|
| βnimanijə̑m |
| βnimanij | -ə̑m |
| βnimanij | -m |
| attention | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ojə̑ra. |
| ojə̑r | -a |
| ojə̑ro | -a |
| separate | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gazificiroβatlaš 1
Olam gazificiroβatlaš
| Olam |
| Ola | -m |
| ola | -m |
| city | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| Olam |
| Ola | -m |
| ola | -m |
| motley | -ACC |
| ad | -case |
| Olam |
| Ola | -m |
| ola | -em |
| city | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| Olam |
| Ola | -m |
| ola | -em |
| motley | -1SG |
| ad | -poss |
| Olam |
| Ola | -m | -Ø |
| ola | -em | -Ø |
| city | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Olam |
| Ola | -m | -Ø |
| ola | -em | -Ø |
| motley | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Olam |
| Ola | -m | -Ø |
| ola | -em | -Ø |
| city | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Olam |
| Ola | -m | -Ø |
| ola | -em | -Ø |
| motley | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Olam |
| Ola | -m | -Ø |
| ola | -em | -Ø |
| city | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
| Olam |
| Ola | -m | -Ø |
| ola | -em | -Ø |
| motley | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| gazificiroβatlaš |
| gazificiroβatl | -aš |
| gazificiroβatle | -aš |
| install.gas | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gazificiroβatlaš 2
pörtə̑m gazificiroβatlaš
| pörtə̑m |
| pört | -ə̑m |
| pört | -m |
| house | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| gazificiroβatlaš |
| gazificiroβatl | -aš |
| gazificiroβatle | -aš |
| install.gas | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gazificiroβatlə̑maš 1
Jallam gazificiroβatlə̑maš
| Jallam |
| Jal | -la | -m |
| jal | -la | -m |
| village | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -num | -case |
| Jallam |
| Jal | -la | -m |
| jal | -la | -em |
| village | -COMP | -1SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
| Jallam |
| Jal | -la | -m |
| jal | -la | -em |
| village | -PL | -1SG |
| no | -num | -poss |
|
| gazificiroβatlə̑maš |
| gazificiroβatlə̑maš |
| gazificiroβatlə̑maš |
| supplying.with.gas |
| no |
| gazificiroβatlə̑maš |
| gazificiroβatlə̑ | -maš |
| gazificiroβatle | -maš |
| install.gas | -NMLZ |
| vb2 | -deriv.n |
|
gazoβik 1
Gazoβik-βlak tolə̑t
| Gazoβik-βlak |
| Gazoβik | -βlak |
| gazoβik | -βlak |
| gasman | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| tolə̑t |
| tol | -ə̑t |
| tol | -ə̑t |
| come | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gazoβš́š́ik 1
Gazoβš́š́iklan ə̑štaš
| Gazoβš́š́iklan |
| Gazoβš́š́ik | -lan |
| gazoβš́š́ik | -lan |
| gasman | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| Gazoβš́š́iklan |
| Gazoβš́š́ik | -la | -n |
| gazoβš́š́ik | -la | -n |
| gasman | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| ə̑štaš |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gazoβš́š́ik 2
gazoβš́š́ikə̑m üžaš
| gazoβš́š́ikə̑m |
| gazoβš́š́ik | -ə̑m |
| gazoβš́š́ik | -m |
| gasman | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| üžaš |
| üž | -aš |
| üž | -aš |
| call | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gazoβə̑j I 1
Gazoβə̑j kamera
| Gazoβə̑j |
| Gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gas |
| no |
| Gazoβə̑j |
| Gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gauze |
| no |
|
|
gazoβə̑j I 2
gazoβə̑j dβigatel'
| gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gas |
| no |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gauze |
| no |
|
| dβigatel' |
| dβigatel' |
| dβigatel' |
| engine |
| no |
|
gazoβə̑j I 3 (K. Koršunoβ)
Kat'a. A kö jörlə̑n gə̑n, tudə̑n βerže gazoβə̑j kamerə̑šte lijə̑n.
| Kat'a. |
| Kat'a |
| Kat'a |
| Kat'a |
| na |
|
|
|
| jörlə̑n |
| jörlə̑ | -n |
| jörlö | -n |
| worthy | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| jörlə̑n |
| jörl | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| jörl | -n | -Ø |
| fall | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| jörlə̑n |
| jörl | -ə̑n |
| jörl | -n |
| fall | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
|
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| his/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑n |
| tudo | -n |
| tudo | -n |
| 3SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| βerže |
| βer | -že |
| βer | -že |
| place | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gas |
| no |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gauze |
| no |
|
| kamerə̑šte |
| kamer | -ə̑šte |
| kamer | -šte |
| chamber | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| lijə̑n. |
| lijə̑n |
| lijə̑n |
| as.a |
| po |
| lijə̑n. |
| lij | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lij | -n | -Ø |
| be | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| lijə̑n. |
| lij | -ə̑n |
| lij | -n |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gazoβə̑j I 4
Gazoβə̑j zaβod
| Gazoβə̑j |
| Gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gas |
| no |
| Gazoβə̑j |
| Gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gauze |
| no |
|
| zaβod |
| zaβod |
| zaβod |
| factory |
| no |
|
gazoβə̑j I 5
Gazoβə̑j promə̑šlennost'ə̑n üšanle sə̑ŕjeβoj bazə̑že ulo.
| Gazoβə̑j |
| Gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gas |
| no |
| Gazoβə̑j |
| Gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gauze |
| no |
|
| promə̑šlennost'ə̑n |
| promə̑šlennost' | -ə̑n |
| promə̑šlennost' | -n |
| industry | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| üšanle |
| üšanle |
| üšanle |
| reliable |
| ad |
|
| sə̑ŕjeβoj |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| bazə̑že |
| bazə̑ | -že |
| baze | -že |
| base | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
gazoβə̑j II 1
Gazoβə̑j kosə̑nka
| Gazoβə̑j |
| Gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gas |
| no |
| Gazoβə̑j |
| Gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gauze |
| no |
|
|
gazoβə̑j II 2 (V. Kosorotoβ)
Vujə̑štə̑žo ošalge-narə̑nč́alge tüsan gazoβə̑j šoβə̑č́ üdə̑rə̑n šem üpšə̑lan peš kelšen toleš.
| Vujə̑štə̑žo |
| Vuj | -ə̑štə̑ | -žo |
| βuj | -šte | -že |
| head | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| ošalge-narə̑nč́alge |
| ošalge- | narə̑nč́alge |
| ošalge | narə̑nč́alge |
| whitish | yellowish |
| ad | ad |
| ošalge-narə̑nč́alge |
| ošalge- | narə̑nč́alge | -Ø |
| ošalge | narə̑nč́alge | -Ø |
| whitish | turn.yellow | -IMP.2SG |
| ad | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ošalge-narə̑nč́alge |
| ošalge- | narə̑nč́alge | -Ø |
| ošalge | narə̑nč́alge | -Ø |
| whitish | turn.yellow | -CNG |
| ad | vb2 | -conn |
| ošalge-narə̑nč́alge |
| ošalge | -Ø- | narə̑nč́alge |
| ošalge | -Ø | narə̑nč́alge |
| grow.white | -IMP.2SG | yellowish |
| vb2 | -mood.pers | ad |
| ošalge-narə̑nč́alge |
| ošalge | -Ø- | narə̑nč́alge | -Ø |
| ošalge | -Ø | narə̑nč́alge | -Ø |
| grow.white | -IMP.2SG | turn.yellow | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ošalge-narə̑nč́alge |
| ošalge | -Ø- | narə̑nč́alge | -Ø |
| ošalge | -Ø | narə̑nč́alge | -Ø |
| grow.white | -IMP.2SG | turn.yellow | -CNG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -conn |
| ošalge-narə̑nč́alge |
| ošalge | -Ø- | narə̑nč́alge |
| ošalge | -Ø | narə̑nč́alge |
| grow.white | -CNG | yellowish |
| vb2 | -conn | ad |
| ošalge-narə̑nč́alge |
| ošalge | -Ø- | narə̑nč́alge | -Ø |
| ošalge | -Ø | narə̑nč́alge | -Ø |
| grow.white | -CNG | turn.yellow | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ošalge-narə̑nč́alge |
| ošalge | -Ø- | narə̑nč́alge | -Ø |
| ošalge | -Ø | narə̑nč́alge | -Ø |
| grow.white | -CNG | turn.yellow | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -conn |
|
| tüsan |
| tüsan |
| tüsan |
| colored |
| ad |
| tüsan |
| tüs | -an |
| tüs | -an |
| color | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gas |
| no |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gazoβə̑j |
| gauze |
| no |
|
| šoβə̑č́ |
| šoβə̑č́ |
| šoβə̑č́ |
| kerchief |
| no |
|
| üdə̑rə̑n |
| üdə̑r | -ə̑n |
| üdə̑r | -n |
| daughter | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| üdə̑rə̑n |
| üdə̑r | -ə̑n |
| üdə̑r | -n |
| Virgo | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
|
| üpšə̑lan |
| üp | -šə̑ | -lan |
| üp | -že | -lan |
| hair | -3SG | -DAT |
| no | -poss | -case |
| üpšə̑lan |
| üp | -šə̑ | -la | -n |
| üp | -že | -la | -n |
| hair | -3SG | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -num | -case |
|
|
| kelšen |
| kelšen |
| kelšen |
| agreeably |
| av |
| kelšen |
| kelš | -en | -Ø |
| kelše | -en | -Ø |
| appeal.to | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kelšen |
| kelš | -en |
| kelše | -en |
| appeal.to | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| toleš. |
| tol' | -eš |
| tol' | -eš |
| tarred.roofing.paper | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| toleš. |
| tol | -eš |
| tol | -eš |
| come | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gazogenerator 1
Gazogeneratorə̑m ač́alaš
| Gazogeneratorə̑m |
| Gazogenerator | -ə̑m |
| gazogenerator | -m |
| gas.producer | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ač́alaš |
| ač́al | -aš |
| ač́ale | -aš |
| repair | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| ač́alaš |
| ač́a | -la | -š |
| ač́a | -la | -š |
| father | -PL | -ILL |
| no | -num | -case |
| ač́alaš |
| ač́a | -la | -š |
| ač́a | -la | -eš |
| father | -PL | -LAT |
| no | -num | -case |
|
gazogenerator 2
gazogeneratorə̑m koltaš
| gazogeneratorə̑m |
| gazogenerator | -ə̑m |
| gazogenerator | -m |
| gas.producer | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| koltaš |
| kolt | -aš |
| kolto | -aš |
| send | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gazon 1
Užar gazon
|
|
| gazon |
| gazon |
| gazon |
| lawn |
| no |
|
gazon 2 (M. Kazakoβ)
Bul'βar sörale šə̑žə̑mat gazon jüla – jə̑ma šinč́at.
| Bul'βar |
| Bul'βar |
| bul'βar |
| boulevard |
| no |
|
| sörale |
| sörale |
| sörale |
| beautiful |
| ad |
|
| šə̑žə̑mat |
| šə̑žə̑m | -at |
| šə̑žə̑m | -at |
| in.autumn | -and |
| av | -enc |
| šə̑žə̑mat |
| šə̑žə̑ | -m | -at |
| šə̑že | -m | -at |
| autumn | -ACC | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
| šə̑žə̑mat |
| šə̑žə̑ | -m | -at |
| šə̑že | -me | -at |
| drizzle | -PTCP.PASS | -and |
| vb2 | -ad | -enc |
|
| gazon |
| gazon |
| gazon |
| lawn |
| no |
|
| jüla – |
| jüla |
| jüla |
| custom |
| no |
| jüla – |
| jül | -a |
| jülö | -a |
| burn | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| jüla – |
| jü | -Ø | -la |
| jü | -Ø | -la |
| drink | -CNG | -STR |
| vb1 | -conn | -enc |
| jüla – |
| jü | -Ø | -la |
| jü | -Ø | -la |
| drink | -CVB | -STR |
| vb1 | -adv | -enc |
|
| jə̑ma |
| jə̑m | -a |
| jə̑me | -a |
| be.blinded | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| šinč́at. |
| šinč́a | -t |
| šinč́a | -et |
| eye | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| šinč́at. |
| šinč́a | -t |
| šinč́a | -at |
| eye | -and |
| no | -enc |
| šinč́at. |
| šinč́ | -at |
| šinč́ | -at |
| sit.down | -2SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| šinč́at. |
| šinč́ | -at |
| šinč́e | -at |
| sit | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šinč́at. |
| šinč́ | -at |
| šinč́e | -at |
| know | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šinč́at. |
| šinč́ | -a | -t |
| šinč́e | -a | -at |
| sit | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| šinč́at. |
| šinč́ | -a | -t |
| šinč́e | -a | -at |
| know | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| šinč́at. |
| šinč́ | -Ø | -at |
| šinč́ | -Ø | -at |
| sit.down | -CNG | -and |
| vb1 | -conn | -enc |
| šinč́at. |
| šinč́ | -Ø | -at |
| šinč́ | -Ø | -at |
| sit.down | -CVB | -and |
| vb1 | -adv | -enc |
| šinč́at. |
| šinč́ | - | -at |
| šinč́ | -Je | -at |
| sit.down | -PST1.3SG | -and |
| vb1 | -tense.pers | -enc |
| šinč́at. |
| šinč́ | -Ø | -at |
| šinč́e | -Ø | -at |
| sit | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
| šinč́at. |
| šinč́ | -Ø | -at |
| šinč́e | -Ø | -at |
| know | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
gazoproβod 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Zβenigoβo serə̑šte Jul jə̑mač́ gazoproβodə̑m pə̑štaš tüŋalmə̑lan šə̑m keč́e, šə̑m jüd erten.
| Zβenigoβo |
| Zβenigoβo |
| Zβenigoβo |
| Zvenigovo |
| na |
|
| serə̑šte |
| ser | -ə̑šte |
| ser | -šte |
| shore | -INE |
| no | -case |
| serə̑šte |
| serə̑š | -te |
| serə̑š | -šte |
| letter | -INE |
| no | -case |
| serə̑šte |
| serə̑š | -te |
| serə̑š | -šte |
| plot.of.land | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| jə̑mač́ |
| jə̑mač́ |
| jə̑mač́ |
| from.below |
| av/po |
|
| gazoproβodə̑m |
| gazoproβod | -ə̑m |
| gazoproβod | -m |
| gas.pipeline | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| pə̑štaš |
| pə̑št | -aš |
| pə̑šte | -aš |
| put | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| tüŋalmə̑lan |
| tüŋalmə̑ | -lan |
| tüŋalme | -lan |
| started | -DAT |
| ad | -case |
| tüŋalmə̑lan |
| tüŋalmə̑ | -la | -n |
| tüŋalme | -la | -n |
| started | -PL | -GEN |
| ad | -num | -case |
| tüŋalmə̑lan |
| tüŋal | -mə̑ | -lan |
| tüŋal | -me | -lan |
| start | -PTCP.PASS | -DAT |
| vb1 | -ad | -case |
| tüŋalmə̑lan |
| tüŋal | -mə̑ | -la | -n |
| tüŋal | -me | -la | -n |
| start | -PTCP.PASS | -PL | -GEN |
| vb1 | -ad | -num | -case |
|
| šə̑m |
| Ø | -š | -ə̑m |
| ə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| NEG | -PST | -1SG |
| vb | -tense | -pers |
|
| keč́e, |
| keč́e |
| keč́e |
| sun |
| no |
| keč́e, |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| keč́e, |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| šə̑m |
| Ø | -š | -ə̑m |
| ə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| NEG | -PST | -1SG |
| vb | -tense | -pers |
|
|
| erten. |
| erten |
| erten |
| very |
| av |
| erten. |
| ert | -en | -Ø |
| erte | -en | -Ø |
| pass | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| erten. |
| ert | -en |
| erte | -en |
| pass | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gazosβaroč́nə̑j 1 (I. Izibajeβ)
Elektrosβaroč́nə̑j, gazosβaroč́nə̑j apparat-βlakə̑m sajə̑n palem.
| Elektrosβaroč́nə̑j, |
| Elektrosβaroč́nə̑j |
| Elektrosβaroč́nə̑j |
| Elektrosvarochnyy |
| na |
|
| gazosβaroč́nə̑j |
| gazosβaroč́nə̑j |
| gazosβaroč́nə̑j |
| gas.welding |
| no |
|
| apparat-βlakə̑m |
| apparat | -βlak | -ə̑m |
| apparat | -βlak | -m |
| apparatus | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| well |
| av |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| each |
| po |
| sajə̑n |
| saj | -ə̑n |
| saj | -n |
| good | -GEN |
| ad/av | -case |
|
| palem. |
| pal | -em |
| pale | -em |
| marking | -1SG |
| ad/no | -poss |
| palem. |
| pal | -em |
| pale | -em |
| know | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| palem. |
| palem | -Ø |
| palem | -Ø |
| become.noticeable | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| palem. |
| palem | -Ø |
| palem | -Ø |
| become.noticeable | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| palem. |
| palem | -Ø |
| palem | -Ø |
| become.noticeable | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| palem. |
| pal | -em | -Ø |
| pale | -em | -Ø |
| marking | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| palem. |
| pal | -em | -Ø |
| pale | -em | -Ø |
| marking | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad/no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| palem. |
| pal | -em | -Ø |
| pale | -em | -Ø |
| marking | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad/no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
gazosβarš́š́ik 1
Gazosβarš́š́iklan tunemaš
| Gazosβarš́š́iklan |
| Gazosβarš́š́ik | -lan |
| gazosβarš́š́ik | -lan |
| gas.welder | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| Gazosβarš́š́iklan |
| Gazosβarš́š́ik | -la | -n |
| gazosβarš́š́ik | -la | -n |
| gas.welder | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| tunemaš |
| tunem | -aš |
| tunem | -aš |
| learn | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gazosβarš́š́ik 2
opə̑tan gazosβarš́š́ik
| opə̑tan |
| opə̑tan |
| opə̑tan |
| experienced |
| ad |
| opə̑tan |
| opə̑t | -an |
| opə̑t | -an |
| experience | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| gazosβarš́š́ik |
| gazosβarš́š́ik |
| gazosβarš́š́ik |
| gas.welder |
| no |
|
gazoubežiš́š́e 1
Gazoubežiš́š́ə̑šte lijaš
| Gazoubežiš́š́ə̑šte |
| Gazoubežiš́š́ə̑ | -šte |
| gazoubežiš́š́e | -šte |
| gasproof.shelter | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| lijaš |
| lij | -aš |
| lij | -aš |
| be | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gazoχraniliš́š́e 1
Kugu gazoχraniliš́š́e
|
|
| gazoχraniliš́š́e |
| gazoχraniliš́š́e |
| gazoχraniliš́š́e |
| gas.storage |
| no |
|
gazoχraniliš́š́e 2
gazoχraniliš́š́ə̑m č́oŋaš
| gazoχraniliš́š́ə̑m |
| gazoχraniliš́š́ə̑ | -m |
| gazoχraniliš́š́e | -m |
| gas.storage | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| č́oŋaš |
| č́oŋ | -aš |
| č́oŋo | -aš |
| build | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gaj 1 (K. Vasin)
A Ždanko, oš imńə̑m kuškə̑žə̑n, mardež gaj pisə̑n kudaleš.
|
|
| Ždanko, |
| Ždanko |
| Ždanko |
| Zhdanko |
| na |
|
|
| imńə̑m |
| imńə̑ | -m |
| imńe | -m |
| horse | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kuškə̑žə̑n, |
| kuškə̑žə̑n |
| kuškə̑žə̑n |
| on.horseback |
| av |
| kuškə̑žə̑n, |
| kuškə̑ž | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| kuškə̑ž | -n | -Ø |
| saddle | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kuškə̑žə̑n, |
| kuškə̑ž | -ə̑n |
| kuškə̑ž | -n |
| saddle | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| kuškə̑žə̑n, |
| kuškə̑ | -žə̑ | -n |
| kuško | -že | -n |
| where | -3SG | -GEN |
| av/pr | -poss | -case |
|
| mardež |
| mardež |
| mardež |
| wind |
| no |
|
| gaj |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
| pisə̑n |
| pisə̑n |
| pisə̑n |
| quickly |
| av |
| pisə̑n |
| pisə̑ | -n |
| pise | -n |
| quick | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| kudaleš. |
| kudal | -eš |
| kudal | -eš |
| run | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gaj 2 (Kalə̑kmut)
Ušdə̑mo βuj tuldə̑mo ponar gaj.
| Ušdə̑mo |
| Ušdə̑mo |
| ušdə̑mo |
| insane |
| ad/no |
| Ušdə̑mo |
| Uš | -də̑mo |
| uš | -də̑me |
| mind | -without |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
| tuldə̑mo |
| tuldə̑mo |
| tuldə̑mo |
| unlit |
| ad |
| tuldə̑mo |
| tuldə̑mo |
| tuldə̑mo |
| instigating |
| ad |
| tuldə̑mo |
| tuldə̑ | -mo |
| tuldo | -me |
| incite | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
| tuldə̑mo |
| tul | -də̑mo |
| tul | -də̑me |
| fire | -without |
| ad/no | -deriv.ad |
|
| ponar |
| ponar |
| ponar |
| lantern |
| no |
|
| gaj. |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
gaj 3 (G. Gadiatoβ)
Mə̑j kornə̑m poč́nem βesə̑lan tüńa muč́ko, šümeš keč́e gaj ə̑rə̑kten ümə̑r muč́ko!
|
|
| kornə̑m |
| kornə̑ | -m |
| korno | -m |
| road | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| poč́nem |
| poč́ | -ne | -m |
| poč́ | -ne | -m |
| open | -DES | -1SG |
| vb1 | -mood | -pers |
|
| βesə̑lan |
| βesə̑ | -lan |
| βese | -lan |
| different | -DAT |
| ad/no/pr | -case |
| βesə̑lan |
| βesə̑ | -la | -n |
| βese | -la | -n |
| different | -PL | -GEN |
| ad/no/pr | -num | -case |
|
|
| muč́ko, |
| muč́ko |
| muč́ko |
| completely |
| av/po |
|
| šümeš |
| šüm | -eš |
| šüm | -eš |
| heart | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šümeš |
| šüm | -eš |
| šüm | -eš |
| feeling | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šümeš |
| šüm | -eš |
| šüm | -eš |
| bark | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| keč́e |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| keč́e |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| gaj |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
| ə̑rə̑kten |
| ə̑rə̑kt | -en | -Ø |
| ə̑rə̑kte | -en | -Ø |
| warm | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑rə̑kten |
| ə̑rə̑kt | -en |
| ə̑rə̑kte | -en |
| warm | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| ə̑rə̑kten |
| ə̑rə̑ | -kt | -en | -Ø |
| ə̑re | -kte | -en | -Ø |
| warm.up | -CAUS | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑rə̑kten |
| ə̑rə̑ | -kt | -en |
| ə̑re | -kte | -en |
| warm.up | -CAUS | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| ümə̑r |
| ümə̑r |
| ümə̑r |
| life |
| no |
|
| muč́ko! |
| muč́ko |
| muč́ko |
| completely |
| av/po |
|
gaj 4 (M.-Azmekej)
A Jal'č́ik jer gaj-βlakə̑št mlande porβolə̑mo dene lijə̑nə̑t.
|
|
| Jal'č́ik |
| Jal'č́ik |
| Jal'č́ik |
| Yal'chik |
| na |
|
|
| gaj-βlakə̑št |
| gaj | -βlak | -ə̑št |
| gaj | -βlak | -št |
| like | -PL | -3PL |
| ad/av/pa/po | -num | -poss |
|
| mlande |
| mlande |
| mlande |
| land |
| no |
| mlande |
| mlande |
| mlande |
| Earth |
| pn |
|
| porβolə̑mo |
| porβolə̑mo |
| porβolə̑mo |
| sunken |
| ad |
| porβolə̑mo |
| porβolə̑ | -mo |
| porβolo | -me |
| sink | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
|
| lijə̑nə̑t. |
| lij | -ə̑n | -ə̑t |
| lij | -n | -ə̑t |
| be | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
|
gaj 5 (S. Č́aβajn)
Sarajə̑š pakč́a gə̑č́la βigak küzaš liješ. Oŋa dene küβar gaj ə̑štə̑me.
| Sarajə̑š |
| Saraj | -ə̑š |
| saraj | -š |
| shed | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| pakč́a |
| pakč́a |
| pakč́a |
| garden |
| no |
|
| gə̑č́la |
| gə̑č́ | -la |
| gə̑č́ | -la |
| from | -STR |
| po | -enc |
|
| βigak |
| βigak |
| βigak |
| immediately |
| av |
|
| küzaš |
| küz | -aš |
| küzö | -aš |
| go.up | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| liješ. |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ. |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
|
|
| küβar |
| küβar |
| küβar |
| floor |
| no |
|
| gaj |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
| ə̑štə̑me. |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| done |
| ad |
| ə̑štə̑me. |
| ə̑štə̑ | -me |
| ə̑šte | -me |
| do | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
gaj 6 (N. Lekajn)
Tuštə̑la ilə̑še č́onanžat uke gaj.
| Tuštə̑la |
| Tuštə̑la |
| tuštə̑la |
| towards.there |
| av |
| Tuštə̑la |
| Tuštə̑ | -la |
| tušto | -la |
| there | -COMP |
| av/pa/pr | -case |
| Tuštə̑la |
| Tuštə̑ | -la |
| tušto | -la |
| riddle | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| Tuštə̑la |
| Tuštə̑ | -la |
| tušto | -la |
| there | -PL |
| av/pa/pr | -num |
| Tuštə̑la |
| Tuštə̑ | -la |
| tušto | -la |
| riddle | -PL |
| no | -num |
| Tuštə̑la |
| Tuštə̑ | -la |
| tušto | -la |
| there | -STR |
| av/pa/pr | -enc |
| Tuštə̑la |
| Tuštə̑ | -la |
| tušto | -la |
| riddle | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| Tuštə̑la |
| Tu | -štə̑ | -la |
| tu | -šte | -la |
| that | -INE | -STR |
| pr | -case | -enc |
| Tuštə̑la |
| Tu | -štə̑ | -la |
| tu | -šte | -la |
| gland | -INE | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
| Tuštə̑la |
| Tu | -štə̑ | -la |
| tu | -šte | -la |
| banner | -INE | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
| Tuštə̑la |
| Tuš | -tə̑ | -la |
| tuš | -šte | -la |
| seed | -INE | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
| Tuštə̑la |
| Tuš | -tə̑ | -la |
| tuš | -šte | -la |
| flourish | -INE | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
| Tuštə̑la |
| Tuš | -tə̑ | -la |
| tuš | -šte | -la |
| there | -INE | -STR |
| av/pr | -case | -enc |
| Tuštə̑la |
| Tuštə̑ | -Ø | -la |
| tušto | -Ø | -la |
| ask | -CNG | -STR |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
| ilə̑še |
| ilə̑še |
| ilə̑še |
| living |
| ad/no |
| ilə̑še |
| ilə̑ | -še |
| ile | -še |
| live | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| č́onanžat |
| č́onan | -ž | -at |
| č́onan | -že | -at |
| alive | -3SG | -and |
| ad/no | -poss | -enc |
| č́onanžat |
| č́on | -an | -ž | -at |
| č́on | -an | -že | -at |
| soul | -with | -3SG | -and |
| no | -deriv.ad | -poss | -enc |
|
|
| gaj. |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
gaj 7 (M. Šketan)
Vujlatə̑še jalə̑se kresańə̑k, 30 ijaš gajrak, βə̑ner šupšə̑ktə̑mo užga dene üsteltörə̑štö šinč́a.
| Vujlatə̑še |
| Vujlatə̑še |
| βujlatə̑še |
| leading |
| ad/no |
| Vujlatə̑še |
| Vujlatə̑ | -še |
| βujlate | -še |
| lead | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| jalə̑se |
| jalə̑se |
| jalə̑se |
| village |
| ad/no |
| jalə̑se |
| jal | -ə̑se |
| jal | -se |
| village | -ADJ |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| kresańə̑k, |
| kresańə̑k |
| kresańə̑k |
| peasant |
| no |
|
|
| ijaš |
| ija | -š |
| ija | -š |
| devil | -ILL |
| in/no | -case |
| ijaš |
| ija | -š |
| ija | -eš |
| devil | -LAT |
| in/no | -case |
| ijaš |
| ij | -aš |
| ij | -aš |
| swim | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
| gajrak, |
| gaj | -rak |
| gaj | -rak |
| like | -COMP |
| ad/av/pa/po | -deg |
|
| βə̑ner |
| βə̑ńer |
| βə̑ńer |
| linen |
| no |
|
| šupšə̑ktə̑mo |
| šupšə̑ktə̑mo |
| šupšə̑ktə̑mo |
| transport |
| ad |
| šupšə̑ktə̑mo |
| šupšə̑ktə̑ | -mo |
| šupšə̑kto | -me |
| transport | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
| šupšə̑ktə̑mo |
| šupš | -ə̑ktə̑ | -mo |
| šupš | -kte | -me |
| pull | -CAUS | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -ad |
|
| užga |
| užga |
| užga |
| fur.coat |
| no |
|
|
| üsteltörə̑štö |
| üsteltör | -ə̑štö |
| üsteltör | -šte |
| place.at.table | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| šinč́a. |
| šinč́a |
| šinč́a |
| eye |
| no |
| šinč́a. |
| šinč́ | -a |
| šinč́e | -a |
| sit | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šinč́a. |
| šinč́ | -a |
| šinč́e | -a |
| know | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gaj 8 (B. Daniloβ)
No aβa šümə̑štö ala-mo kürə̑ltmö gaj č́uč́aš tüŋale.
|
|
| aβa |
| aβ | -a |
| aβe | -a |
| cut | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| šümə̑štö |
| šüm | -ə̑štö |
| šüm | -šte |
| heart | -INE |
| no | -case |
| šümə̑štö |
| šüm | -ə̑štö |
| šüm | -šte |
| feeling | -INE |
| no | -case |
| šümə̑štö |
| šüm | -ə̑štö |
| šüm | -šte |
| bark | -INE |
| no | -case |
| šümə̑štö |
| šümə̑š | -tö |
| šümə̑š | -šte |
| X | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| ala-mo |
| ala-mo |
| ala-mo |
| something |
| pa/pr |
|
| kürə̑ltmö |
| kürə̑lt | -mö |
| kürə̑lt | -me |
| tear.off | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| gaj |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
| č́uč́aš |
| č́uč́ | -aš |
| č́uč́ | -aš |
| seem | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
| tüŋale. |
| tüŋal | -'e |
| tüŋal | -Je |
| start | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gaj 9 (A. Volkoβ)
(L'udmila.) Teβe kompressə̑m ə̑štena, ik-kok keč́e gaj erta, ergə̑da adak Onar patə̑r gajak taza liješ.
| (L'udmila.) |
| L'udmila |
| L'udmila |
| L'udmila |
| na |
|
| Teβe |
| Teβe |
| teβe |
| here |
| av/co/pa |
|
| kompressə̑m |
| kompress | -ə̑m |
| kompress | -m |
| compress | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑štena, |
| ə̑št | -ena |
| ə̑šte | -ena |
| do | -1PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| ik-kok |
| ik-kok |
| ik-kok |
| one.or.two |
| nm |
|
| keč́e |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| keč́e |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| gaj |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
| erta, |
| ert | -a |
| erte | -a |
| pass | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| ergə̑da |
| ergə̑ | -da |
| erge | -da |
| son | -2PL |
| no | -poss |
|
|
|
| patə̑r |
| patə̑r |
| patə̑r |
| strongman |
| ad/no |
|
| gajak |
| gajak |
| gajak |
| almost |
| po |
| gajak |
| gaj | -ak |
| gaj | -ak |
| like | -STR |
| ad/av/pa/po | -enc |
| gajak |
| gaj | -ak |
| gaje | -ak |
| like | -STR |
| po | -enc |
|
| taza |
| taza |
| taza |
| healthy |
| ad |
|
| liješ. |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ. |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gaj 10 (S. Č́aβajn)
Č́ač́i keč́ə̑gut gajak kapka onč́ə̑lno orolen.
| Č́ač́i |
| Č́ač́i |
| Č́ač́i |
| Chachi |
| na |
|
| keč́ə̑gut |
| keč́ə̑gut |
| keč́ə̑gut |
| all.day |
| av |
|
| gajak |
| gajak |
| gajak |
| almost |
| po |
| gajak |
| gaj | -ak |
| gaj | -ak |
| like | -STR |
| ad/av/pa/po | -enc |
| gajak |
| gaj | -ak |
| gaje | -ak |
| like | -STR |
| po | -enc |
|
| kapka |
| kapka |
| kapka |
| gate |
| no |
|
| onč́ə̑lno |
| onč́ə̑lno |
| onč́ə̑lno |
| in.front |
| av/po |
|
| orolen. |
| orol | -en | -Ø |
| orolo | -en | -Ø |
| guard | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| orolen. |
| orol | -en |
| orolo | -en |
| guard | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gajka 1
Gajkə̑m pütə̑raš
| Gajkə̑m |
| Gajkə̑ | -m |
| gajke | -m |
| nut | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| pütə̑raš |
| pütə̑r | -aš |
| pütə̑rö | -aš |
| turn | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gajka 2 (A. Erə̑kan)
Iktə̑že, kugu azə̑rə̑m kuč́en, ala-kuško βaška, βesə̑že, gajka-βlakə̑m kürtńö βoštə̑rə̑š krendə̑lla kereden, pügə̑rnen numal erta.
| Iktə̑že, |
| Iktə̑že |
| iktə̑že |
| one.of.them |
| pr |
| Iktə̑že, |
| Iktə̑ | -že |
| ikte | -že |
| one | -3SG |
| nm/pr | -poss |
|
|
| azə̑rə̑m |
| azə̑r | -ə̑m |
| azə̑r | -m |
| pliers | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kuč́en, |
| kuč́ | -en | -Ø |
| kuč́o | -en | -Ø |
| hold | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kuč́en, |
| kuč́ | -en |
| kuč́o | -en |
| hold | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| ala-kuško |
| ala-kuško |
| ala-kuško |
| somewhere |
| av/pr |
| ala-kuško |
| ala-kuš | -ko |
| ala-kuš | -ške |
| somewhere | -ILL |
| av/pr | -case |
|
| βaška, |
| βašk | -a |
| βaške | -a |
| hurry | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| βesə̑že, |
| βesə̑ | -že |
| βese | -že |
| different | -3SG |
| ad/no/pr | -poss |
|
| gajka-βlakə̑m |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| kürtńö |
| kürtńö |
| kürtńö |
| iron |
| no |
|
| βoštə̑rə̑š |
| βoštə̑r | -ə̑š |
| βoštə̑r | -š |
| twig | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| krendə̑lla |
| krendə̑l | -la |
| krendə̑l | -la |
| pretzel | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| krendə̑lla |
| krendə̑l | -la |
| krendə̑l | -la |
| pretzel | -PL |
| no | -num |
| krendə̑lla |
| krendə̑l | -la |
| krendə̑l | -la |
| pretzel | -STR |
| no | -enc |
|
| kereden, |
| kered | -en | -Ø |
| kerede | -en | -Ø |
| pass.through | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kereden, |
| kered | -en |
| kerede | -en |
| pass.through | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| pügə̑rnen |
| pügə̑rn | -en | -Ø |
| pügə̑rnö | -en | -Ø |
| bend.down | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| pügə̑rnen |
| pügə̑rn | -en |
| pügə̑rnö | -en |
| bend.down | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| numal |
| numal | -Ø |
| numal | -Ø |
| carry | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| numal |
| numal | -Ø |
| numal | -Ø |
| carry | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| numal |
| numal | -Ø |
| numal | -Ø |
| carry | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| erta. |
| ert | -a |
| erte | -a |
| pass | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gajmorit 1
Gripp deč́ βara gajmorit dene č́erlanenam.
| Gripp |
| Gripp |
| gripp |
| influenza |
| no |
|
|
| βara |
| βara |
| βara |
| then |
| av/pa |
| βara |
| βar | -a |
| βare | -a |
| mix | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| gajmorit |
| gajmorit |
| gajmorit |
| antritis |
| no |
|
|
| č́erlanenam. |
| č́erlan | -en | -am |
| č́erlane | -en | -am |
| fall.ill | -PST2 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gala 1 (N. Lekajn)
Lümžö kuze gala... Aj, ojlenat om mošto, ač́aže, olase.
| Lümžö |
| Lüm | -žö |
| lüm | -že |
| name | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| kuze |
| kuze |
| kuze |
| how |
| av/co/no/pa |
|
| gala... |
| gala |
| gala |
| indeed |
| pa |
|
| Aj, |
| Aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø |
| part | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Aj, |
| Aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø |
| hem | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Aj, |
| Aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø |
| part | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| Aj, |
| Aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø |
| hem | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| ojlenat |
| ojl | -en | -at |
| ojlo | -en | -at |
| talk | -PST2 | -2SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ojlenat |
| ojl | -ena | -t |
| ojlo | -ena | -at |
| talk | -1PL | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| ojlenat |
| ojl | -en | -Ø | -at |
| ojlo | -en | -Ø | -at |
| talk | -PST2 | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| ojlenat |
| ojl | -en | -at |
| ojlo | -en | -at |
| talk | -CVB | -and |
| vb2 | -adv | -enc |
|
| om |
| o | -m |
| o | -m |
| NEG | -1SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| mošto, |
| mo | -što |
| mo | -šte |
| what | -INE |
| ad/av/pa/pr | -case |
| mošto, |
| moš | -to |
| moš | -šte |
| for.how.much | -INE |
| av/pr | -case |
| mošto, |
| mošto | -Ø |
| mošto | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| mošto, |
| mošto | -Ø |
| mošto | -Ø |
| become.tired | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| mošto, |
| mošto | -Ø |
| mošto | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| mošto, |
| mošto | -Ø |
| mošto | -Ø |
| become.tired | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| ač́aže, |
| ač́aže |
| ač́aže |
| my.dear |
| no |
| ač́aže, |
| ač́a | -že |
| ač́a | -že |
| father | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| olase. |
| olase |
| olase |
| urban |
| ad |
| olase. |
| ola | -se |
| ola | -se |
| city | -ADJ |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| olase. |
| ola | -se |
| ola | -se |
| motley | -ADJ |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
|
gala 2 (N. Lekajn)
– A te šinč́eda, – kok mogə̑rə̑š onč́alə̑n, maneš Eč́an, – č́odə̑rašte kiške βele gala, ala-moat ulo.
|
|
|
| šinč́eda, – |
| šinč́ed | -a |
| šinč́ede | -a |
| sit | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šinč́eda, – |
| šinč́ | -eda |
| šinč́e | -eda |
| sit | -2PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šinč́eda, – |
| šinč́ | -eda |
| šinč́e | -eda |
| know | -2PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| mogə̑rə̑š |
| mogə̑rə̑š |
| mogə̑rə̑š |
| in.the.direction.of |
| po |
| mogə̑rə̑š |
| mogə̑r | -ə̑š |
| mogə̑r | -š |
| body | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| onč́alə̑n, |
| onč́al | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| onč́al | -n | -Ø |
| look | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| onč́alə̑n, |
| onč́al | -ə̑n |
| onč́al | -n |
| look | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| maneš |
| maneš |
| maneš |
| it.is.said |
| av |
| maneš |
| man | -eš |
| man | -eš |
| say | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| Eč́an, – |
| Eč́an |
| Eč́an |
| Echan |
| na |
|
| č́odə̑rašte |
| č́odə̑ra | -šte |
| č́odə̑ra | -šte |
| forest | -INE |
| no | -case |
| č́odə̑rašte |
| č́odə̑ra | -šte |
| č́odə̑ra | -šte |
| coarse | -INE |
| ad | -case |
|
| kiške |
| kiške |
| kiške |
| snake |
| no |
| kiške |
| kiš | -ke |
| kiš | -ške |
| resin | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| βele |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| βele |
| βel | -'e |
| βel | -Je |
| spill | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| βele |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| gala, |
| gala |
| gala |
| indeed |
| pa |
|
| ala-moat |
| ala-mo | -at |
| ala-mo | -at |
| something | -and |
| pa/pr | -enc |
|
|
galak 1
Palamiže «Mo lijə̑č́?» – manə̑n. – «Galak poktə̑š».
| Palamiže |
| Palamiže |
| Palamiže |
| Palamizhe |
| na |
|
| «Mo |
| Mo |
| mo |
| what |
| ad/av/pa/pr |
|
| lijə̑č́?» – |
| lij | -ə̑č́ |
| lij | -ə̑č́ |
| be | -PST1.2SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| lijə̑č́?» – |
| lij | -ə̑č́ |
| lij | -ə̑č́ |
| be | -PST1.3PL |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| manə̑n. – |
| manə̑n |
| manə̑n |
| that |
| co |
| manə̑n. – |
| man | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| man | -n | -Ø |
| say | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| manə̑n. – |
| man | -ə̑n |
| man | -n |
| say | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| «Galak |
| Galak |
| galak |
| tramp |
| no |
| «Galak |
| Gala | -k |
| gala | -ak |
| indeed | -STR |
| pa | -enc |
|
| poktə̑š». |
| poktə̑š |
| poktə̑š |
| rush |
| no |
| poktə̑š». |
| poktə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| pokto | -š | -Ø |
| drive | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
galaktika 1
Memnan galaktika
| Memnan |
| mem | -na | -n |
| me | -na | -n |
| 1PL | -1PL | -GEN |
| pr | -poss | -case |
|
| galaktika |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
galaktika 2
galaktikə̑š č́oŋeštaš
| galaktikə̑š |
| galaktikə̑ | -š |
| galaktike | -š |
| galaxy | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| č́oŋeštaš |
| č́oŋešt | -aš |
| č́oŋešte | -aš |
| fly | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
galanke 1 (Muro)
Galanke koŋga, galanke koŋga tüžem šüdö kermə̑č́an.
| Galanke |
| Galanke |
| galanke |
| Dutch.oven |
| no |
|
| koŋga, |
| koŋga |
| koŋga |
| stove |
| no |
|
| galanke |
| galanke |
| galanke |
| Dutch.oven |
| no |
|
| koŋga |
| koŋga |
| koŋga |
| stove |
| no |
|
| tüžem |
| tüžem |
| tüžem |
| thousand |
| nm |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em |
| tüž | -em |
| heavy.with.young | -1SG |
| ad | -poss |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em |
| tüžö | -em |
| heavy.with.young | -1SG |
| ad | -poss |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüžö | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -conn |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüžö | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -conn |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad | -deriv.v | -adv |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüžö | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| šüdö |
| šüdö |
| šüdö |
| hundred |
| nm |
| šüdö |
| šüdö | -Ø |
| šüdö | -Ø |
| order | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šüdö |
| šüd | -ö |
| šüd | -Je |
| clear | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šüdö |
| šüdö | -Ø |
| šüdö | -Ø |
| order | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| kermə̑č́an. |
| kermə̑č́ | -an |
| kermə̑č́ | -an |
| brick | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
galanterej 1
Tide lukə̑što galanterejə̑m užalat.
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| lukə̑što |
| luk | -ə̑što |
| luk | -šte |
| corner | -INE |
| no | -case |
| lukə̑što |
| luk | -ə̑što |
| luk | -šte |
| X | -INE |
| no | -case |
| lukə̑što |
| luk | -ə̑što |
| luk | -šte |
| X | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| galanterejə̑m |
| galanterej | -ə̑m |
| galanterej | -m |
| small.wares | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| užalat. |
| užal | -at |
| užale | -at |
| sell | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| užalat. |
| užal | -a | -t |
| užale | -a | -at |
| sell | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| užalat. |
| užal | -Ø | -at |
| užale | -Ø | -at |
| sell | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
galanterejnə̑j 1
Galanterejnə̑j satu
| Galanterejnə̑j |
| Galanterejnə̑j |
| galanterejnə̑j |
| small.wares |
| ad |
|
|
galanterejnə̑j 2 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Galanterejnə̑j kiosk turaš šogale (Sergej), prilaβkə̑š onč́ale, šinč́ažlan küren tüsan kožanə̑j perč́atke logale.
| Galanterejnə̑j |
| Galanterejnə̑j |
| galanterejnə̑j |
| small.wares |
| ad |
|
| kiosk |
| kiosk |
| kiosk |
| kiosk |
| no |
|
| turaš |
| turaš |
| turaš |
| next.to |
| po |
| turaš |
| tura | -š |
| tura | -š |
| steep | -ILL |
| ad/av/no/po | -case |
| turaš |
| tura | -š |
| tura | -eš |
| steep | -LAT |
| ad/av/no/po | -case |
|
| šogale |
| šogale | -Ø |
| šogale | -Ø |
| plough | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šogale |
| šogal | -'e |
| šogal | -Je |
| stand.up | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šogale |
| šogale | -Ø |
| šogale | -Ø |
| plough | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| (Sergej), |
| Sergej |
| Sergej |
| Sergey |
| na |
|
| prilaβkə̑š |
| prilaβkə̑ | -š |
| prilaβke | -š |
| counter | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| onč́ale, |
| onč́al | -'e |
| onč́al | -Je |
| look | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| šinč́ažlan |
| šinč́a | -ž | -lan |
| šinč́a | -že | -lan |
| eye | -3SG | -DAT |
| no | -poss | -case |
| šinč́ažlan |
| šinč́a | -ž | -la | -n |
| šinč́a | -že | -la | -n |
| eye | -3SG | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -num | -case |
|
| küren |
| küren |
| küren |
| brown |
| ad |
|
| tüsan |
| tüsan |
| tüsan |
| colored |
| ad |
| tüsan |
| tüs | -an |
| tüs | -an |
| color | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
| perč́atke |
| perč́atke |
| perč́atke |
| glove |
| no |
|
| logale. |
| logal | -'e |
| logal | -Je |
| touch | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
galerej 1
Janda galerej
| Janda |
| Janda |
| janda |
| glass |
| no |
|
| galerej |
| galerej |
| galerej |
| gallery |
| no |
|
galerej 2
Kartinnə̑j galerej
| Kartinnə̑j |
| Kartinnə̑j |
| kartinnə̑j |
| picture |
| ad |
|
| galerej |
| galerej |
| galerej |
| gallery |
| no |
|
galerej 3 (V. Sapajeβ)
A Tret'jakoβskij galerej, türlö muzej-βlak...
|
|
| Tret'jakoβskij |
| Tret'jakoβskij |
| Tret'jakoβskij |
| Tret'yakovskiy |
| na |
|
| galerej, |
| galerej |
| galerej |
| gallery |
| no |
|
| türlö |
| türlö |
| türlö |
| different |
| ad/no/po |
| türlö |
| türlö | -Ø |
| türlö | -Ø |
| embroider | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| türlö |
| türlö | -Ø |
| türlö | -Ø |
| embroider | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| muzej-βlak... |
| muzej | -βlak |
| muzej | -βlak |
| museum | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
gal'orka 1
Gal'orkə̑što šinč́aš
| Gal'orkə̑što |
| Gal'orkə̑ | -što |
| gal'orko | -šte |
| gallery | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| šinč́aš |
| šinč́a | -š |
| šinč́a | -š |
| eye | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| šinč́aš |
| šinč́a | -š |
| šinč́a | -eš |
| eye | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šinč́aš |
| šinč́ | -aš |
| šinč́ | -aš |
| sit.down | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| šinč́aš |
| šinč́ | -aš |
| šinč́e | -aš |
| sit | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| šinč́aš |
| šinč́ | -aš |
| šinč́e | -aš |
| know | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gal'orka 2
spektakl'ə̑m gal'orka gə̑č́ onč́aš
| spektakl'ə̑m |
| spektakl' | -ə̑m |
| spektakl' | -m |
| performance | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| onč́aš |
| onč́ | -aš |
| onč́o | -aš |
| look | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
galife 1
Kande galife
| Kande |
| Kande |
| kande |
| blue |
| ad |
|
| galife |
| galife |
| galife |
| riding.breeches |
| no |
|
galife 2 (N. Lekajn)
Aleksejeβ ümbalne užar gimnast'orka, tugajak užar tüsan galife, šörə̑nrak šə̑ndə̑me pilotka, kə̑dalə̑štə̑že brezent üštö.
| Aleksejeβ |
| Aleksejeβ |
| Aleksejeβ |
| Alekseyev |
| na |
|
| ümbalne |
| ümbalne |
| ümbalne |
| above |
| av/po |
|
|
| gimnast'orka, |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| tugajak |
| tugajak |
| tugajak |
| just.that.kind |
| ad |
| tugajak |
| tugaj | -ak |
| tugaj | -ak |
| such | -STR |
| ad/av/pr | -enc |
| tugajak |
| tugaj | -ak |
| tugaje | -ak |
| such | -STR |
| ad/av/pr | -enc |
|
|
| tüsan |
| tüsan |
| tüsan |
| colored |
| ad |
| tüsan |
| tüs | -an |
| tüs | -an |
| color | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| galife, |
| galife |
| galife |
| riding.breeches |
| no |
|
| šörə̑nrak |
| šörə̑n | -rak |
| šörə̑n | -rak |
| slantwise | -COMP |
| ad/av/no | -deg |
| šörə̑nrak |
| šör | -ə̑n | -rak |
| šör | -n | -rak |
| milk | -GEN | -COMP |
| no | -case | -deg |
| šörə̑nrak |
| šör | -ə̑n | -rak |
| šör | -n | -rak |
| edge | -GEN | -COMP |
| no | -case | -deg |
|
| šə̑ndə̑me |
| šə̑ndə̑me |
| šə̑ndə̑me |
| installation |
| ad |
| šə̑ndə̑me |
| šə̑ndə̑ | -me |
| šə̑nde | -me |
| put | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
|
| kə̑dalə̑štə̑že |
| kə̑dal | -ə̑štə̑ | -že |
| kə̑dal | -šte | -že |
| waist | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| brezent |
| brezent |
| brezent |
| tarpaulin |
| no |
|
| üštö. |
| üš | -tö |
| üš | -šte |
| club | -INE |
| no | -case |
| üštö. |
| üšt | -ö |
| üšt | -Je |
| sweep | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
galifean 1 (Ja. Jalkajn)
Eraj dene ik pölemə̑štak užar galifean kontorš́š́ik da Rusoβ Nikolaj ilat.
|
|
|
|
| pölemə̑štak |
| pölem | -ə̑št | -ak |
| pölem | -št | -ak |
| room | -3PL | -STR |
| no | -poss | -enc |
| pölemə̑štak |
| pölem | -ə̑št | -ak |
| pölem | -šte | -ak |
| room | -INE | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
|
|
| galifean |
| galife | -an |
| galife | -an |
| riding.breeches | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| kontorš́š́ik |
| kontorš́š́ik |
| kontorš́š́ik |
| clerk |
| no |
|
|
| Rusoβ |
| Rusoβ |
| Rusoβ |
| Rusov |
| na |
|
| Nikolaj |
| Nikolaj |
| Nikolaj |
| Nikolay |
| na |
|
| ilat. |
| il | -at |
| ile | -at |
| live | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| ilat. |
| il | -a | -t |
| ile | -a | -at |
| live | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| ilat. |
| il | -Ø | -at |
| ile | -Ø | -at |
| live | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
gall'ucinacij 1
Gall'ucinacij tüŋalə̑n
| Gall'ucinacij |
| Gall'ucinacij |
| gall'ucinacij |
| hallucination |
| no |
|
| tüŋalə̑n |
| tüŋal | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tüŋal | -n | -Ø |
| start | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tüŋalə̑n |
| tüŋal | -ə̑n |
| tüŋal | -n |
| start | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gall'ucinacij 2
gall'ucinacij pə̑ten
| gall'ucinacij |
| gall'ucinacij |
| gall'ucinacij |
| hallucination |
| no |
|
| pə̑ten |
| pə̑t | -en | -Ø |
| pə̑te | -en | -Ø |
| end | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| pə̑ten |
| pə̑t | -en |
| pə̑te | -en |
| end | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gall'ucinacij 3 (M. Šketan)
Kok jüdə̑m gall'ucinacij dene ertarə̑mem ušeš βozeš, βožə̑lmə̑la č́uč́eš.
|
|
| jüdə̑m |
| jüdə̑m |
| jüdə̑m |
| at.night |
| av |
| jüdə̑m |
| jüd | -ə̑m |
| jüd | -m |
| night | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| gall'ucinacij |
| gall'ucinacij |
| gall'ucinacij |
| hallucination |
| no |
|
|
| ertarə̑mem |
| ertarə̑ | -m | -em |
| ertare | -me | -em |
| spend | -PTCP.PASS | -1SG |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss |
| ertarə̑mem |
| ertarə̑ | -m | -em | -Ø |
| ertare | -me | -em | -Ø |
| spend | -PTCP.PASS | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -ad | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| ertarə̑mem |
| ertarə̑ | -m | -em | -Ø |
| ertare | -me | -em | -Ø |
| spend | -PTCP.PASS | -TRANS | -CNG |
| vb2 | -ad | -deriv.v | -conn |
| ertarə̑mem |
| ertarə̑ | -m | -em | -Ø |
| ertare | -me | -em | -Ø |
| spend | -PTCP.PASS | -TRANS | -CVB |
| vb2 | -ad | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| ušeš |
| uš | -eš |
| uš | -eš |
| mind | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| βozeš, |
| βoz | -eš |
| βoz | -eš |
| cart | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| βozeš, |
| βoz | -eš |
| βoz | -eš |
| lie.down | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| βožə̑lmə̑la |
| βožə̑lmə̑ | -la |
| βožə̑lmo | -la |
| shy | -COMP |
| ad | -case |
| βožə̑lmə̑la |
| βožə̑lmə̑ | -la |
| βožə̑lmo | -la |
| shy | -PL |
| ad | -num |
| βožə̑lmə̑la |
| βožə̑lmə̑ | -la |
| βožə̑lmo | -la |
| shy | -STR |
| ad | -enc |
| βožə̑lmə̑la |
| βožə̑l | -mə̑la |
| βožə̑l | -mə̑la |
| be.ashamed | -INF.FUT |
| vb1 | -inf |
| βožə̑lmə̑la |
| βožə̑l | -mə̑ | -la |
| βožə̑l | -me | -la |
| be.ashamed | -PTCP.PASS | -COMP |
| vb1 | -ad | -case |
| βožə̑lmə̑la |
| βožə̑l | -mə̑ | -la |
| βožə̑l | -me | -la |
| be.ashamed | -PTCP.PASS | -PL |
| vb1 | -ad | -num |
| βožə̑lmə̑la |
| βožə̑l | -mə̑ | -la |
| βožə̑l | -me | -la |
| be.ashamed | -PTCP.PASS | -STR |
| vb1 | -ad | -enc |
|
| č́uč́eš. |
| č́uč́ | -eš |
| č́uč́ | -eš |
| seem | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
galstuk 1
Galstukə̑m kə̑ldaš
| Galstukə̑m |
| Galstuk | -ə̑m |
| galstuk | -m |
| tie | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kə̑ldaš |
| kə̑ld | -aš |
| kə̑lde | -aš |
| tie.up | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
galstuk 2
joškar galstuk
| joškar |
| joškar |
| joškar |
| red |
| ad |
|
| galstuk |
| galstuk |
| galstuk |
| tie |
| no |
|
galstuk 3
pioner galstuk
| pioner |
| pioner |
| pioner |
| pioneer |
| no |
|
| galstuk |
| galstuk |
| galstuk |
| tie |
| no |
|
galstuk 4 (V. Juksern)
Ümbalnə̑že šem kost'um, lum gaj oš tuβə̑r, šem galstuk.
| Ümbalnə̑že |
| Ümbalnə̑ | -že |
| ümbalne | -že |
| above | -3SG |
| av/po | -poss |
|
|
| kost'um, |
| kost'um |
| kost'um |
| suit |
| no |
|
| lum |
| lu | -m |
| lu | -m |
| bone | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| lum |
| lu | -m |
| lu | -m |
| ten | -ACC |
| nm | -case |
| lum |
| lum | -Ø |
| lum | -Ø |
| snow | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lum |
| lum | -Ø |
| lum | -Ø |
| snow | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| lum |
| lum | -Ø |
| lum | -Ø |
| snow | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| gaj |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
|
| tuβə̑r, |
| tuβə̑r |
| tuβə̑r |
| shirt |
| no |
|
|
| galstuk. |
| galstuk |
| galstuk |
| tie |
| no |
|
galstukan 1 (K. Vasin)
Omsa lišnak joškar galstukan pioner-βlak oč́kian jeŋ jə̑r tüškan č́umə̑rgen šogalə̑nə̑t.
|
|
| lišnak |
| lišnak |
| lišnak |
| close |
| av/po |
| lišnak |
| lišn | -ak |
| lišne | -ak |
| close | -STR |
| av/po | -enc |
|
| joškar |
| joškar |
| joškar |
| red |
| ad |
|
| galstukan |
| galstukan |
| galstukan |
| with.a.tie |
| ad |
| galstukan |
| galstuk | -an |
| galstuk | -an |
| tie | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| pioner-βlak |
| pioner | -βlak |
| pioner | -βlak |
| pioneer | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| oč́kian |
| oč́kian |
| oč́kian |
| wearing.glasses |
| ad |
| oč́kian |
| oč́ki | -an |
| oč́ki | -an |
| glasses | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
| jə̑r |
| jə̑r |
| jə̑r |
| around |
| ad/av/no/po |
|
| tüškan |
| tüškan |
| tüškan |
| together |
| av |
| tüškan |
| tüška | -n |
| tüška | -an |
| group | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| tüškan |
| tüška | -n |
| tüška | -n |
| group | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| č́umə̑rgen |
| č́umə̑rgen |
| č́umə̑rgen |
| in.unity |
| av |
| č́umə̑rgen |
| č́umə̑rg | -en | -Ø |
| č́umə̑rgo | -en | -Ø |
| gather | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| č́umə̑rgen |
| č́umə̑rg | -en |
| č́umə̑rgo | -en |
| gather | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šogalə̑nə̑t. |
| šogal | -ə̑n | -ə̑t |
| šogal | -n | -ə̑t |
| stand.up | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
|
galun 1
Šörtńö galun
| Šörtńö |
| Šörtńö |
| šörtńö |
| gold |
| ad/no |
|
| galun |
| galun |
| galun |
| galloon |
| no |
|
galun 2 (V. Šiškoβ)
Volost' gə̑č́ tolšo uŕadnikat oŋə̑so galunžo-βlak dene βolgalt šogen.
| Volost' |
| Volost' |
| βolost' |
| volost |
| no |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| tolšo |
| tolšo |
| tolšo |
| coming |
| ad/no |
| tolšo |
| tol | -šo |
| tol | -še |
| come | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| uŕadnikat |
| uŕadnik | -at |
| uŕadnik | -at |
| village.constable | -and |
| no | -enc |
|
| oŋə̑so |
| oŋə̑so |
| oŋə̑so |
| chest |
| ad |
| oŋə̑so |
| oŋ | -ə̑so |
| oŋ | -se |
| chest | -ADJ |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| galunžo-βlak |
| galun | -žo | -βlak |
| galun | -že | -βlak |
| galloon | -3SG | -PL |
| no | -poss | -num |
|
|
| βolgalt |
| βolgalt | -Ø |
| βolgalt | -Ø |
| shine | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| βolgalt |
| βolgalt | -Ø |
| βolgalt | -Ø |
| shine | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| βolgalt |
| βolgalt | -Ø |
| βolgalt | -Ø |
| shine | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| βolgalt |
| βolg | -alt | -Ø |
| βolgo | -alt | -Ø |
| shine | -REF | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| βolgalt |
| βolg | -alt | -Ø |
| βolgo | -alt | -Ø |
| shine | -REF | -CNG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -conn |
| βolgalt |
| βolg | -alt | -Ø |
| βolgo | -alt | -Ø |
| shine | -REF | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| šogen. |
| šog | -en | -Ø |
| šogo | -en | -Ø |
| stand | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šogen. |
| šog | -en |
| šogo | -en |
| stand | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gal'βanizacij 1 (M. Šketan)
Ešplatoβ den Marašeβ – gal'βanizacijə̑š.
| Ešplatoβ |
| Ešplatoβ |
| Ešplatoβ |
| Eshplatov |
| na |
|
|
| Marašeβ – |
| Marašeβ |
| Marašeβ |
| Marashev |
| na |
|
| gal'βanizacijə̑š. |
| gal'βanizacij | -ə̑š |
| gal'βanizacij | -š |
| galvanization | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
gal'βanič́eskij 1
Gal'βanič́eskij tok
| Gal'βanič́eskij |
| Gal'βanič́eskij |
| gal'βanič́eskij |
| galvanic |
| no |
|
| tok |
| tok |
| tok |
| abundant |
| ad/av/no |
| tok |
| tok |
| tok |
| threshing.floor |
| no |
|
gal'βanič́eskij 2
gal'βanič́eskij element
| gal'βanič́eskij |
| gal'βanič́eskij |
| gal'βanič́eskij |
| galvanic |
| no |
|
| element |
| element |
| element |
| element |
| no |
|
gal'βanič́eskij 3
Gal'βanič́eskij ceχ
| Gal'βanič́eskij |
| Gal'βanič́eskij |
| gal'βanič́eskij |
| galvanic |
| no |
|
|
gamak 1
Gamakə̑m nalaš
| Gamakə̑m |
| Gamak | -ə̑m |
| gamak | -m |
| hammock | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| nalaš |
| nal | -aš |
| nal | -aš |
| take | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gamak 2
gamakə̑š βozaš
| gamakə̑š |
| gamak | -ə̑š |
| gamak | -š |
| hammock | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| βozaš |
| βozaš |
| βozaš |
| a.cartload |
| ad |
| βozaš |
| βoz | -aš |
| βoz | -aš |
| lie.down | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| βozaš |
| βoz | -aš |
| βozo | -aš |
| write | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gamak 3
gamakə̑šte šinč́aš
| gamakə̑šte |
| gamak | -ə̑šte |
| gamak | -šte |
| hammock | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| šinč́aš |
| šinč́a | -š |
| šinč́a | -š |
| eye | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| šinč́aš |
| šinč́a | -š |
| šinč́a | -eš |
| eye | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šinč́aš |
| šinč́ | -aš |
| šinč́ | -aš |
| sit.down | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| šinč́aš |
| šinč́ | -aš |
| šinč́e | -aš |
| sit | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| šinč́aš |
| šinč́ | -aš |
| šinč́e | -aš |
| know | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gamaš 1
Gamašə̑m č́ijaš
| Gamašə̑m |
| Gamaš | -ə̑m |
| gamaš | -m |
| spats | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| č́ijaš |
| č́ija | -š |
| č́ija | -š |
| paint | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| č́ijaš |
| č́ija | -š |
| č́ija | -eš |
| paint | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| č́ijaš |
| č́ij | -aš |
| č́ije | -aš |
| put.on | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gamaš 2
šokšo gamaš
| šokšo |
| šokšo |
| šokšo |
| heat |
| ad/no |
| šokšo |
| šok | -šo |
| šokt | -še |
| sift | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| šokšo |
| šok | -šo |
| šok | -že |
| shock | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| šokšo |
| šok | -šo |
| šokt | -že |
| sift | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| šokšo |
| šok | -Ø | -šo |
| šokt | -Ø | -že |
| sift | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| šokšo |
| šok | -Ø | -šo |
| šokt | -Ø | -že |
| sift | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
| gamaš |
| gamaš |
| gamaš |
| spats |
| no |
|
gamma 1 (N. Arban)
Tiddeč́ posna gammə̑m, kuštə̑lgə̑rak duetə̑m šoktašna pernen.
| Tiddeč́ |
| Tiddeč́ |
| tiddeč́ |
| from.this |
| pr |
|
| posna |
| posna |
| posna |
| isolated |
| ad/av |
|
| gammə̑m, |
| gammə̑ | -m |
| gamme | -m |
| scale | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kuštə̑lgə̑rak |
| kuštə̑lgə̑ | -rak |
| kuštə̑lgo | -rak |
| light | -COMP |
| ad/no | -deg |
|
| duetə̑m |
| duet | -ə̑m |
| duet | -m |
| duet | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šoktašna |
| šokt | -aš | -na |
| šokt | -aš | -na |
| sift | -INF | -1PL |
| vb1 | -inf | -poss |
| šoktašna |
| šokt | -aš | -na |
| šokto | -aš | -na |
| be.heard | -INF | -1PL |
| vb2 | -inf | -poss |
|
| pernen. |
| pern | -en | -Ø |
| perne | -en | -Ø |
| strike.against | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| pernen. |
| pern | -en |
| perne | -en |
| strike.against | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gana 1 (Kalə̑kmut)
Šə̑m gana βise, ik gana püč́.
| Šə̑m |
| Ø | -š | -ə̑m |
| ə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| NEG | -PST | -1SG |
| vb | -tense | -pers |
|
| gana |
| gana |
| gana |
| times |
| no/po |
|
| βise, |
| βise | -Ø |
| βise | -Ø |
| weigh | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| βise, |
| βise | -Ø |
| βise | -Ø |
| weigh | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
|
| gana |
| gana |
| gana |
| times |
| no/po |
|
| püč́. |
| püč́ | -Ø |
| püč́k | -Ø |
| cut | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| püč́. |
| püč́ | -Ø |
| püč́k | -Ø |
| sharpen | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| püč́. |
| püč́ | -Ø |
| püč́k | -Ø |
| cut | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| püč́. |
| püč́ | -Ø |
| püč́k | -Ø |
| sharpen | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| püč́. |
| püč́ | -Ø |
| püč́k | -Ø |
| cut | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| püč́. |
| püč́ | -Ø |
| püč́k | -Ø |
| sharpen | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gana 2
Perβə̑j gana
| Perβə̑j |
| Perβə̑j |
| perβə̑j |
| first |
| ad/av/nm |
|
| gana |
| gana |
| gana |
| times |
| no/po |
|
gana 3
uto gana
| uto |
| uto | -Ø |
| uto | -Ø |
| become.superfluous | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| uto |
| uto | -Ø |
| uto | -Ø |
| hurt | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| uto |
| uto | -Ø |
| uto | -Ø |
| become.superfluous | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| uto |
| uto | -Ø |
| uto | -Ø |
| hurt | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| gana |
| gana |
| gana |
| times |
| no/po |
|
gana 4
pə̑tartə̑š gana
| pə̑tartə̑š |
| pə̑tartə̑š |
| pə̑tartə̑š |
| last |
| ad/no |
|
| gana |
| gana |
| gana |
| times |
| no/po |
|
gana 5
kodšo gana
| kodšo |
| kodšo |
| kodšo |
| last |
| ad/no |
| kodšo |
| kod | -šo |
| kod | -še |
| stay | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| kodšo |
| kod | -šo |
| kod | -že |
| code | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| kodšo |
| kod | -šo |
| kod | -že |
| stay | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kodšo |
| kod | -Ø | -šo |
| kod | -Ø | -že |
| stay | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| kodšo |
| kod | -Ø | -šo |
| kod | -Ø | -že |
| stay | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
| gana |
| gana |
| gana |
| times |
| no/po |
|
gana 6
tə̑ (tide) gana
|
|
| (tide) |
| tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| (tide) |
| tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| gana |
| gana |
| gana |
| times |
| no/po |
|
gana 7 (A. Bik)
Artur den Edgar sar tüŋalme deč́ βara perβə̑j gana βašlijə̑nə̑t.
| Artur |
| Artur |
| Artur |
| Artur |
| na |
|
|
| Edgar |
| Edgar |
| Edgar |
| Edgar |
| na |
|
|
| tüŋalme |
| tüŋalme |
| tüŋalme |
| started |
| ad |
| tüŋalme |
| tüŋal | -me |
| tüŋal | -me |
| start | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
|
| βara |
| βara |
| βara |
| then |
| av/pa |
| βara |
| βar | -a |
| βare | -a |
| mix | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| perβə̑j |
| perβə̑j |
| perβə̑j |
| first |
| ad/av/nm |
|
| gana |
| gana |
| gana |
| times |
| no/po |
|
| βašlijə̑nə̑t. |
| βašlij | -ə̑n | -ə̑t |
| βašlij | -n | -ə̑t |
| meet | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
|
gana 8 (G. Č́emekoβ)
Vladimir Andrejeβič́, pə̑tartə̑š gana jal dene č́eβerlasaš manə̑n, saβə̑rnen šogale.
| Vladimir |
| Vladimir |
| Vladimir |
| Vladimir |
| na |
|
| Andrejeβič́, |
| Andrejeβič́ |
| Andrejeβič́ |
| Andreyevich |
| na |
|
| pə̑tartə̑š |
| pə̑tartə̑š |
| pə̑tartə̑š |
| last |
| ad/no |
|
| gana |
| gana |
| gana |
| times |
| no/po |
|
|
|
| č́eβerlasaš |
| č́eβerlas | -aš |
| č́eβerlase | -aš |
| say.goodbye | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| manə̑n, |
| manə̑n |
| manə̑n |
| that |
| co |
| manə̑n, |
| man | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| man | -n | -Ø |
| say | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| manə̑n, |
| man | -ə̑n |
| man | -n |
| say | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| saβə̑rnen |
| saβə̑rn | -en | -Ø |
| saβə̑rne | -en | -Ø |
| turn | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| saβə̑rnen |
| saβə̑rn | -en |
| saβə̑rne | -en |
| turn | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šogale. |
| šogale | -Ø |
| šogale | -Ø |
| plough | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šogale. |
| šogal | -'e |
| šogal | -Je |
| stand.up | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šogale. |
| šogale | -Ø |
| šogale | -Ø |
| plough | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
gana 9 (A. Volkoβ)
Timoška. Žapem liješ gə̑n, teβe iktaž-gana mijen šuam.
| Timoška. |
| Timoška |
| Timoška |
| Timoshka |
| na |
|
| Žapem |
| Žap | -em |
| žap | -em |
| time | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| Žapem |
| Žap | -em | -Ø |
| žap | -em | -Ø |
| time | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Žapem |
| Žap | -em | -Ø |
| žap | -em | -Ø |
| time | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Žapem |
| Žap | -em | -Ø |
| žap | -em | -Ø |
| time | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| liješ |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
|
| teβe |
| teβe |
| teβe |
| here |
| av/co/pa |
|
| iktaž-gana |
| iktaž-gana |
| iktaž-gana |
| sometime |
| av/pr |
|
| mijen |
| mij | -en | -Ø |
| mije | -en | -Ø |
| come | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| mijen |
| mij | -en |
| mije | -en |
| come | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šuam. |
| šu | -am |
| šu | -am |
| reach | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| šuam. |
| šu | -am |
| šu | -am |
| ferment | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| šuam. |
| šu | -am |
| šu | -am |
| whittle | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gangrena 1 (P. Korniloβ)
Ala söj pasušto šuko kijen, ala kornə̑što onč́en šukten ogə̑tə̑l – ikmanaš, saltak ilə̑š šürtö muč́ašte ə̑le: gangrena tüŋalə̑n.
| Ala |
| A | -la |
| a | -la |
| and | -STR |
| co | -enc |
| Ala |
| A | -la |
| a | -la |
| so | -STR |
| pa | -enc |
| Ala |
| A | -la |
| a | -la |
| oh | -STR |
| in | -enc |
| Ala |
| Al | -a |
| ale | -a |
| soften.bast | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| pasušto |
| pasu | -što |
| pasu | -šte |
| field | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| šuko |
| šuko |
| šuko |
| a.lot |
| ad/av/no |
|
| kijen, |
| kije | -n |
| kije | -n |
| moth | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| kijen, |
| kij | -en | -Ø |
| kije | -en | -Ø |
| lie | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kijen, |
| kij | -en |
| kije | -en |
| lie | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| ala |
| a | -la |
| a | -la |
| and | -STR |
| co | -enc |
| ala |
| a | -la |
| a | -la |
| so | -STR |
| pa | -enc |
| ala |
| a | -la |
| a | -la |
| oh | -STR |
| in | -enc |
| ala |
| al | -a |
| ale | -a |
| soften.bast | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| kornə̑što |
| kornə̑ | -što |
| korno | -šte |
| road | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| onč́en |
| onč́ | -en | -Ø |
| onč́o | -en | -Ø |
| look | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| onč́en |
| onč́ | -en |
| onč́o | -en |
| look | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šukten |
| šukt | -en | -Ø |
| šukto | -en | -Ø |
| succeed.in | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šukten |
| šukt | -en |
| šukto | -en |
| succeed.in | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| šukten |
| šu | -kt | -en | -Ø |
| šu | -kte | -en | -Ø |
| reach | -CAUS | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| šukten |
| šu | -kt | -en | -Ø |
| šu | -kte | -en | -Ø |
| ferment | -CAUS | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| šukten |
| šu | -kt | -en | -Ø |
| šu | -kte | -en | -Ø |
| whittle | -CAUS | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| šukten |
| šu | -kt | -en |
| šu | -kte | -en |
| reach | -CAUS | -CVB |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -adv |
| šukten |
| šu | -kt | -en |
| šu | -kte | -en |
| ferment | -CAUS | -CVB |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -adv |
| šukten |
| šu | -kt | -en |
| šu | -kte | -en |
| whittle | -CAUS | -CVB |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| ogə̑tə̑l – |
| og | -ə̑t | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -ə̑t | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3PL | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
| ikmanaš, |
| ikmanaš |
| ikmanaš |
| in.a.word |
| pa |
|
| saltak |
| saltak |
| saltak |
| soldier |
| no |
|
| ilə̑š |
| ilə̑š |
| ilə̑š |
| life |
| no |
| ilə̑š |
| ilə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| ile | -š | -Ø |
| live | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| šürtö |
| šürtö |
| šürtö |
| thread |
| no |
|
| muč́ašte |
| muč́ašte |
| muč́ašte |
| at.the.end |
| po |
| muč́ašte |
| muč́a | -šte |
| muč́a | -šte |
| reed | -INE |
| no | -case |
| muč́ašte |
| muč́aš | -te |
| muč́aš | -šte |
| end | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑le: |
| ə̑l | -'e |
| ul | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
|
| tüŋalə̑n. |
| tüŋal | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tüŋal | -n | -Ø |
| start | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tüŋalə̑n. |
| tüŋal | -ə̑n |
| tüŋal | -n |
| start | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gangster 1
Amerikə̑se gangster-βlak
| Amerikə̑se |
| Amerikə̑se |
| amerikə̑se |
| American |
| ad |
| Amerikə̑se |
| Amerikə̑ | -se |
| Amerike | -se |
| America | -ADJ |
| pn | -deriv.ad |
|
| gangster-βlak |
| gangster | -βlak |
| gangster | -βlak |
| gangster | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
gangster 2 («Mar. kom.»)
Gangster-βlak, poč́toβə̑j č́inoβnik-βlakə̑n formə̑štə̑m č́ijen, kassə̑š kerə̑lt purenə̑t.
| Gangster-βlak, |
| Gangster | -βlak |
| gangster | -βlak |
| gangster | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| poč́toβə̑j |
| poč́toβə̑j |
| poč́toβə̑j |
| post |
| ad |
|
| č́inoβnik-βlakə̑n |
| č́inoβnik | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| č́inoβnik | -βlak | -n |
| official | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| formə̑štə̑m |
| formə̑ | -št | -ə̑m |
| formo | -št | -m |
| form | -3PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| č́ijen, |
| č́ije | -n |
| č́ije | -n |
| cherry.tree | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| č́ijen, |
| č́ij | -en | -Ø |
| č́ije | -en | -Ø |
| put.on | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| č́ijen, |
| č́ij | -en |
| č́ije | -en |
| put.on | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kassə̑š |
| kassə̑ | -š |
| kasse | -š |
| savings.bank | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| kerə̑lt |
| kerə̑lt | -Ø |
| kerə̑lt | -Ø |
| stick.into | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kerə̑lt |
| kerə̑lt | -Ø |
| kerə̑lt | -Ø |
| stick.into | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| kerə̑lt |
| kerə̑lt | -Ø |
| kerə̑lt | -Ø |
| stick.into | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| purenə̑t. |
| pur | -en | -ə̑t |
| puro | -en | -ə̑t |
| go.in | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gandbol 1
Gandbol dene modaš
| Gandbol |
| Gandbol |
| gandbol |
| handball |
| no |
|
|
| modaš |
| mod | -aš |
| mod | -aš |
| play | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gandbolist 1
Gandbolist lijaš
| Gandbolist |
| Gandbolist |
| gandbolist |
| handball.player |
| no |
|
| lijaš |
| lij | -aš |
| lij | -aš |
| be | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gandbolist 2
tale gandbolist
| tale |
| tal'e |
| tal'e |
| glade |
| no |
|
| gandbolist |
| gandbolist |
| gandbolist |
| handball.player |
| no |
|
gandbolist 3
Medβedeβo selan stadionə̑štə̑žo gandbolist-βlak modə̑t.
| Medβedeβo |
| Medβedeβo |
| Medβedeβo |
| Medvedevo |
| na |
|
| selan |
| sela | -n |
| sela | -an |
| settlement | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| selan |
| sela | -n |
| sela | -n |
| settlement | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| stadionə̑štə̑žo |
| stadion | -ə̑štə̑ | -žo |
| stadion | -šte | -že |
| stadium | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| gandbolist-βlak |
| gandbolist | -βlak |
| gandbolist | -βlak |
| handball.player | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| modə̑t. |
| mod | -ə̑t |
| mod | -ə̑t |
| play | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gantel' 1
Gantel' dene zaŕadkə̑m ə̑štaš
| Gantel' |
| Gantel' |
| gantel' |
| dumbbell |
| no |
|
|
| zaŕadkə̑m |
| zaŕadkə̑ | -m |
| zaŕadke | -m |
| exercises | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑štaš |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
garaž 1 (A. Asajeβ)
Garaž den izirak masterskoj uškal ferma βokten, kurə̑k londemeš, βerlanenə̑t.
| Garaž |
| Garaž |
| garaž |
| garage |
| no |
|
|
| izirak |
| izirak |
| izirak |
| smaller |
| ad |
| izirak |
| izi | -rak |
| izi | -rak |
| small | -COMP |
| ad/no | -deg |
|
| masterskoj |
| masterskoj |
| masterskoj |
| workshop |
| no |
|
|
|
| βokten, |
| βokten |
| βokten |
| beside |
| av/po |
| βokten, |
| βokt | -en | -Ø |
| βokto | -en | -Ø |
| strip.bark | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βokten, |
| βokt | -en |
| βokto | -en |
| strip.bark | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kurə̑k |
| kurə̑k |
| kurə̑k |
| mountain |
| no |
|
| londemeš, |
| londem | -eš |
| londem | -eš |
| threshold | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| βerlanenə̑t. |
| βerlan | -en | -ə̑t |
| βerlane | -en | -ə̑t |
| settle | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
garaž 2
Garaž paša
| Garaž |
| Garaž |
| garaž |
| garage |
| no |
|
|
garaž 3
garaž omsa
| garaž |
| garaž |
| garaž |
| garage |
| no |
|
|
garaž 4 (V. Mikiškin)
Garaž kapka-βlak poč́ə̑ltə̑t, užar mašina-βlak pisə̑n lektə̑t.
| Garaž |
| Garaž |
| garaž |
| garage |
| no |
|
| kapka-βlak |
| kapka | -βlak |
| kapka | -βlak |
| gate | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| poč́ə̑ltə̑t, |
| poč́ə̑lt | -ə̑t |
| poč́ə̑lt | -ə̑t |
| open | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
|
| mašina-βlak |
| mašina | -βlak |
| mašina | -βlak |
| machine | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| pisə̑n |
| pisə̑n |
| pisə̑n |
| quickly |
| av |
| pisə̑n |
| pisə̑ | -n |
| pise | -n |
| quick | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| lektə̑t. |
| lekt | -ə̑t |
| lekt | -ə̑t |
| go | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
garantij 1
Garantijə̑m puaš
| Garantijə̑m |
| Garantij | -ə̑m |
| garantij | -m |
| guarantee | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| puaš |
| pu | -aš |
| puo | -aš |
| give | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| puaš |
| pu | -aš |
| puo | -aš |
| blow | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
garantij 2 (V. Juksern)
Tendan usloβij dene kelšena gə̑n, mə̑lanna mogaj garantij liješ?
| Tendan |
| ten | -da | -n |
| te | -da | -n |
| 2PL | -2PL | -GEN |
| pr | -poss | -case |
| Tendan |
| te | -n | -da | -n |
| te | -n | -da | -n |
| 2PL | -GEN | -2PL | -GEN |
| pr | -case | -poss | -case |
|
| usloβij |
| usloβij |
| usloβij |
| conditions |
| no |
|
|
| kelšena |
| kelš | -ena |
| kelše | -ena |
| appeal.to | -1PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| mə̑lanna |
| mə̑ | -lan | -na |
| me | -lan | -na |
| 1PL | -DAT | -1PL |
| pr | -case | -poss |
|
| mogaj |
| mogaj |
| mogaj |
| what.sort.of |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
| garantij |
| garantij |
| garantij |
| guarantee |
| no |
|
| liješ? |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ? |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
garantijnə̑j 1
Garantijnə̑j remont
| Garantijnə̑j |
| Garantijnə̑j |
| garantijnə̑j |
| warranty |
| ad |
|
| remont |
| remont |
| remont |
| repair |
| no |
|
garantijnə̑j 2
garantijnə̑j masterskoj
| garantijnə̑j |
| garantijnə̑j |
| garantijnə̑j |
| warranty |
| ad |
|
| masterskoj |
| masterskoj |
| masterskoj |
| workshop |
| no |
|
garantijnə̑j 3
Teleβizor garantijnə̑j remont deč́ βara peš sajə̑n onč́ə̑kta.
| Teleβizor |
| Teleβizor |
| teleβizor |
| television.set |
| no |
|
| garantijnə̑j |
| garantijnə̑j |
| garantijnə̑j |
| warranty |
| ad |
|
| remont |
| remont |
| remont |
| repair |
| no |
|
|
| βara |
| βara |
| βara |
| then |
| av/pa |
| βara |
| βar | -a |
| βare | -a |
| mix | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| well |
| av |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| each |
| po |
| sajə̑n |
| saj | -ə̑n |
| saj | -n |
| good | -GEN |
| ad/av | -case |
|
| onč́ə̑kta. |
| onč́ə̑kt | -a |
| onč́ə̑kto | -a |
| show | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| onč́ə̑kta. |
| onč́ə̑ | -kt | -a |
| onč́o | -kte | -a |
| look | -CAUS | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -pers |
|
garantiroβatlaš 1
Regionə̑so gosudarstβo-βlakə̑n suβerennə̑j praβaštə̑m da regionə̑m tüńan molo užašə̑ž dene ušen šogə̑šo teŋə̑z da molo kommunikacijə̑n bezopasnost'šə̑m garantiroβatlaš liješ.
| Regionə̑so |
| Regionə̑so |
| regionə̑so |
| regional |
| ad |
| Regionə̑so |
| Region | -ə̑so |
| region | -se |
| region | -ADJ |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| gosudarstβo-βlakə̑n |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| suβerennə̑j |
| suβerennə̑j |
| suβerennə̑j |
| sovereign |
| ad |
|
| praβaštə̑m |
| praβa | -št | -ə̑m |
| praβa | -št | -m |
| law | -3PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
|
| regionə̑m |
| region | -ə̑m |
| region | -m |
| region | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| tüńan |
| tüńa | -n |
| tüńa | -an |
| world | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| tüńan |
| tüńa | -n |
| tüńa | -n |
| world | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| molo |
| molo |
| molo |
| other |
| no/pr |
|
| užašə̑ž |
| užaš | -ə̑ž |
| užaš | -že |
| part | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| užašə̑ž |
| už | -aš | -ə̑ž |
| už | -aš | -že |
| see | -INF | -3SG |
| vb1 | -inf | -poss |
|
|
| ušen |
| uš | -en | -Ø |
| ušo | -en | -Ø |
| join | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ušen |
| uš | -en | -Ø |
| ušo | -en | -Ø |
| order | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ušen |
| uš | -en |
| ušo | -en |
| join | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| ušen |
| uš | -en |
| ušo | -en |
| order | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šogə̑šo |
| šogə̑šo |
| šogə̑šo |
| standing |
| no |
| šogə̑šo |
| šogə̑ | -šo |
| šogo | -še |
| stand | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| teŋə̑z |
| teŋə̑z |
| teŋə̑z |
| sea |
| no |
|
|
| molo |
| molo |
| molo |
| other |
| no/pr |
|
| kommunikacijə̑n |
| kommunikacij | -ə̑n |
| kommunikacij | -n |
| communication | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| bezopasnost'šə̑m |
| bezopasnost' | -šə̑ | -m |
| bezopasnost' | -že | -m |
| safety | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| garantiroβatlaš |
| garantiroβatl | -aš |
| garantiroβatle | -aš |
| guarantee | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| liješ. |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ. |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
garderob 1
Voštonč́ə̑šan garderob
| Voštonč́ə̑šan |
| Voštonč́ə̑š | -an |
| βoštonč́ə̑š | -an |
| mirror | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| garderob |
| garderob |
| garderob |
| wardrobe |
| no |
|
garderob 2 (A. Jagel'din)
Pörtə̑škə̑št puren onč́al-jan! Č́aple kroβat', diβan ale kušetka, garderob... Ikmanaš, mebel' türə̑s ulo.
| Pörtə̑škə̑št |
| Pört | -ə̑škə̑ | -št |
| pört | -ške | -št |
| house | -ILL | -3PL |
| no | -case | -poss |
| Pörtə̑škə̑št |
| Pörtə̑š | -kə̑ | -št |
| pörtə̑š | -ške | -št |
| coenurosis | -ILL | -3PL |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| puren |
| pur | -en | -Ø |
| puro | -en | -Ø |
| go.in | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| puren |
| pur | -en |
| puro | -en |
| go.in | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| onč́al-jan! |
| onč́al | -Ø | -jan |
| onč́al | -Ø | -jan |
| look | -IMP.2SG | -WEAK |
| vb1 | -mood.pers | -enc |
|
| Č́aple |
| Č́aple |
| č́aple |
| glorious |
| ad |
| Č́aple |
| Č́aple | -Ø |
| č́aple | -Ø |
| glorify | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Č́aple |
| Č́aple | -Ø |
| č́aple | -Ø |
| glorify | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| kroβat', |
| kroβat' |
| kroβat' |
| bed |
| no |
|
| diβan |
| diβan |
| diβan |
| sofa |
| no |
|
| ale |
| al'e |
| al'e |
| or |
| av/co/pa |
| ale |
| ale | -Ø |
| ale | -Ø |
| soften.bast | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ale |
| ale | -Ø |
| ale | -Ø |
| soften.bast | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
|
| garderob... |
| garderob |
| garderob |
| wardrobe |
| no |
|
| Ikmanaš, |
| Ikmanaš |
| ikmanaš |
| in.a.word |
| pa |
|
| mebel' |
| mebel' |
| mebel' |
| furniture |
| no |
|
| türə̑s |
| türə̑s |
| türə̑s |
| complete |
| ad/av/no |
| türə̑s |
| tür | -ə̑s |
| tür | -s |
| edge | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| türə̑s |
| tür | -ə̑s |
| tür | -s |
| embroidery | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| türə̑s |
| tür | -ə̑s |
| tür | -s |
| X | -STR |
| de | -enc |
|
|
garderob 3 (Z. Katkoβa)
Pal'tom garderobə̑š sdatlə̑šə̑mat, zalə̑š puren, perβə̑j šinč́amlan pernə̑še βerə̑š βolen šinč́ə̑m.
| Pal'tom |
| Pal'to | -m |
| pal'to | -m |
| coat | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| garderobə̑š |
| garderob | -ə̑š |
| garderob | -š |
| wardrobe | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| sdatlə̑šə̑mat, |
| sdatlə̑ | -š | -ə̑m | -at |
| sdatle | -š | -ə̑m | -at |
| hand.over | -PST1 | -1SG | -and |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| sdatlə̑šə̑mat, |
| sdatlə̑ | -šə̑ | -m | -at |
| sdatle | -še | -m | -at |
| hand.over | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC | -and |
| vb2 | -ad | -case | -enc |
|
| zalə̑š |
| zal | -ə̑š |
| zal | -š |
| hall | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| puren, |
| pur | -en | -Ø |
| puro | -en | -Ø |
| go.in | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| puren, |
| pur | -en |
| puro | -en |
| go.in | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| perβə̑j |
| perβə̑j |
| perβə̑j |
| first |
| ad/av/nm |
|
| šinč́amlan |
| šinč́a | -m | -lan |
| šinč́a | -em | -lan |
| eye | -1SG | -DAT |
| no | -poss | -case |
| šinč́amlan |
| šinč́a | -m | -la | -n |
| šinč́a | -em | -la | -n |
| eye | -1SG | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -num | -case |
|
| pernə̑še |
| pernə̑še |
| pernə̑še |
| pertinent |
| ad |
| pernə̑še |
| pernə̑ | -še |
| perne | -še |
| strike.against | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| βerə̑š |
| βer | -ə̑š |
| βer | -š |
| place | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| βolen |
| βol | -en | -Ø |
| βolo | -en | -Ø |
| descend | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βolen |
| βol | -en |
| βolo | -en |
| descend | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šinč́ə̑m. |
| šinč́ | -ə̑m |
| šinč́ | -ə̑m |
| sit.down | -PST1.1SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
garderobš́š́ik 1
Garderobš́š́iklan ə̑štaš
| Garderobš́š́iklan |
| Garderobš́š́ik | -lan |
| garderobš́š́ik | -lan |
| cloakroom.attendant | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| Garderobš́š́iklan |
| Garderobš́š́ik | -la | -n |
| garderobš́š́ik | -la | -n |
| cloakroom.attendant | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| ə̑štaš |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
garderobš́š́ik 2
šoŋgo garderobš́š́ik
| šoŋgo |
| šoŋgo |
| šoŋgo |
| old |
| ad/no |
|
| garderobš́š́ik |
| garderobš́š́ik |
| garderobš́š́ik |
| cloakroom.attendant |
| no |
|
garderobš́š́ica 1 (P. Korniloβ)
– Tə̑štak ə̑le, – örmalgə̑š garderobš́š́ica.
| Tə̑štak |
| Tə̑štak |
| tə̑štak |
| right.here |
| av/pr |
| Tə̑štak |
| Tə̑št | -ak |
| tə̑šte | -ak |
| here | -STR |
| av/pr | -enc |
| Tə̑štak |
| Tə̑š | -t | -ak |
| tə̑š | -šte | -ak |
| here | -INE | -STR |
| av/pr | -case | -enc |
|
| ə̑le, – |
| ə̑l | -'e |
| ul | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| örmalgə̑š |
| örmalgə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| örmalge | -š | -Ø |
| be.astonished | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| garderobš́š́ica. |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
gardina 1
Kabinet oknaš gardinə̑m sakə̑me.
| Kabinet |
| Kabinet |
| kabinet |
| study |
| no |
| Kabinet |
| Kabin | -et |
| kabine | -et |
| cabin | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| oknaš |
| okna | -š |
| okna | -š |
| window | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| oknaš |
| okna | -š |
| okna | -eš |
| window | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| gardinə̑m |
| gardinə̑ | -m |
| gardine | -m |
| curtains | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| sakə̑me. |
| sakə̑me |
| sakə̑me |
| suspended |
| ad |
| sakə̑me. |
| sakə̑ | -me |
| sake | -me |
| hang.up | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
gardina 2
Magazinə̑šte gardinə̑m užalat.
| Magazinə̑šte |
| Magazin | -ə̑šte |
| magazin | -šte |
| shop | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Magazinə̑šte |
| Magazi | -n | -ə̑šte |
| magazi | -n | -šte |
| X | -GEN | -INE |
| ad | -case | -case |
|
| gardinə̑m |
| gardinə̑ | -m |
| gardine | -m |
| curtains | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| užalat. |
| užal | -at |
| užale | -at |
| sell | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| užalat. |
| užal | -a | -t |
| užale | -a | -at |
| sell | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| užalat. |
| užal | -Ø | -at |
| užale | -Ø | -at |
| sell | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
garem 1 (Z. Jermakoβa)
Üdə̑r-βlakə̑m kurə̑mlan šörgaltə̑š teŋə̑z goč́šo ik pojan garem.
| Üdə̑r-βlakə̑m |
| Üdə̑r | -βlak | -ə̑m |
| üdə̑r | -βlak | -m |
| daughter | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -num | -case |
| Üdə̑r-βlakə̑m |
| Üdə̑r | -βlak | -ə̑m |
| Üdə̑r | -βlak | -m |
| Virgo | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| kurə̑mlan |
| kurə̑mlan |
| kurə̑mlan |
| forever |
| av |
| kurə̑mlan |
| kurə̑ml | -an |
| kurə̑mlo | -an |
| continual | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| kurə̑mlan |
| kurə̑m | -lan |
| kurə̑m | -lan |
| century | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| kurə̑mlan |
| kurə̑m | -la | -n |
| kurə̑m | -la | -n |
| century | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| šörgaltə̑š |
| šörgaltə̑š |
| šörgaltə̑š |
| noose |
| no |
| šörgaltə̑š |
| šörgaltə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| šörgalte | -š | -Ø |
| make.a.noose | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| teŋə̑z |
| teŋə̑z |
| teŋə̑z |
| sea |
| no |
|
| goč́šo |
| goč́ | -šo |
| goč́ | -že |
| over | -3SG |
| po | -poss |
|
|
| pojan |
| pojan |
| pojan |
| rich |
| ad/av/no |
|
| garem. |
| garem |
| garem |
| harem |
| no |
|
garem 2 (A. Juzə̑kajn)
– Tə̑jat garemdə̑me otə̑l, – samə̑rə̑k barinə̑m onč́alə̑n, šülalta Janis. – Garemetše eše mogaj!
| Tə̑jat |
| tə̑j | -at |
| tə̑j | -at |
| 2SG | -and |
| pr | -enc |
|
| garemdə̑me |
| garem | -də̑me |
| garem | -də̑me |
| harem | -without |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| otə̑l, – |
| o | -t | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| o | -t | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -2SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
| otə̑l, – |
| otə̑l |
| otə̑l |
| stubble |
| no |
|
| samə̑rə̑k |
| samə̑rə̑k |
| samə̑rə̑k |
| young |
| ad/no |
|
| barinə̑m |
| barin | -ə̑m |
| barin | -m |
| gentleman | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| onč́alə̑n, |
| onč́al | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| onč́al | -n | -Ø |
| look | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| onč́alə̑n, |
| onč́al | -ə̑n |
| onč́al | -n |
| look | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| šülalta |
| šülalt | -a |
| šülalte | -a |
| breathe | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| Janis. – |
| Janis |
| Janis |
| Yanis |
| na |
|
| Garemetše |
| Garem | -et | -še |
| garem | -et | -že |
| harem | -2SG | -3SG |
| no | -poss | -poss |
|
| eše |
| eše | -Ø |
| eše | -Ø |
| fall.heavily | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| eše |
| eše | -Ø |
| eše | -Ø |
| fall.heavily | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| mogaj! |
| mogaj |
| mogaj |
| what.sort.of |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
garmonij 1
Konserβatorijə̑šte garmonijə̑m tunemə̑n.
| Konserβatorijə̑šte |
| Konserβatorij | -ə̑šte |
| konserβatorij | -šte |
| academy.of.music | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| garmonijə̑m |
| garmonij | -ə̑m |
| garmonij | -m |
| harmony | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| tunemə̑n. |
| tunem | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tunem | -n | -Ø |
| learn | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tunemə̑n. |
| tunem | -ə̑n |
| tunem | -n |
| learn | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| tunemə̑n. |
| tu | -n | -em | -ə̑n |
| tu | -n | -em | -n |
| that | -GEN | -1SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case | -poss | -case |
| tunemə̑n. |
| tu | -n | -em | -ə̑n |
| tu | -n | -em | -n |
| gland | -GEN | -1SG | -GEN |
| no | -case | -poss | -case |
| tunemə̑n. |
| tu | -n | -em | -ə̑n |
| tu | -n | -em | -n |
| banner | -GEN | -1SG | -GEN |
| no | -case | -poss | -case |
|
garmonij 2 (Z. Uč́ajeβ)
Tudo (M. Veske) marij jə̑lmə̑n oŋaj jük ojə̑rtemžə̑m – glasnə̑j garmonijə̑m – peš č́ə̑n da türə̑s umə̑ltara.
|
|
|
| Veske) |
| Veske |
| Veske |
| Veske |
| na |
|
| marij |
| marij |
| marij |
| Mari |
| no |
|
| jə̑lmə̑n |
| jə̑lmə̑ | -n |
| jə̑lme | -n |
| tongue | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| oŋaj |
| oŋaj |
| oŋaj |
| interesting |
| ad/av |
|
|
| ojə̑rtemžə̑m – |
| ojə̑rtem | -žə̑ | -m |
| ojə̑rtem | -že | -m |
| difference | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| glasnə̑j |
| glasnə̑j |
| glasnə̑j |
| vowel |
| ad/no |
|
| garmonijə̑m – |
| garmonij | -ə̑m |
| garmonij | -m |
| harmony | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
|
| č́ə̑n |
| č́ə̑n |
| č́ə̑n |
| truth |
| ad/av/no |
|
|
| türə̑s |
| türə̑s |
| türə̑s |
| complete |
| ad/av/no |
| türə̑s |
| tür | -ə̑s |
| tür | -s |
| edge | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| türə̑s |
| tür | -ə̑s |
| tür | -s |
| embroidery | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| türə̑s |
| tür | -ə̑s |
| tür | -s |
| X | -STR |
| de | -enc |
|
| umə̑ltara. |
| umə̑ltar | -a |
| umə̑ltare | -a |
| explain | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
garmonist 1 (V. Iβanoβ)
Garmonist kuštə̑mo semə̑m lukto.
| Garmonist |
| Garmonist |
| garmonist |
| accordion.player |
| no |
|
| kuštə̑mo |
| kuštə̑ | -mo |
| kušto | -me |
| grow | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
| kuštə̑mo |
| kuštə̑ | -mo |
| kušto | -me |
| dance | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| semə̑m |
| sem | -ə̑m |
| sem | -m |
| melody | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| semə̑m |
| sem | -ə̑m |
| sem | -m |
| sense | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| lukto. |
| lukt | -o |
| lukt | -Je |
| lead.out | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
garmonič́nə̑j 1
Tudə̑n jükšö peš garmonič́nə̑j.
| Tudə̑n |
| Tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| his/her |
| pr |
| Tudə̑n |
| tudo | -n |
| tudo | -n |
| 3SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| jükšö |
| jük | -šö |
| jük | -že |
| voice | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| jükšö |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| cool.down | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| jükšö |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| cool.down | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
|
| garmonič́nə̑j. |
| garmonič́nə̑j |
| garmonič́nə̑j |
| harmonious |
| ad |
|
garmonič́nə̑j 2
Jeŋ-βlakə̑n garmonič́nə̑j duχoβnə̑j ilə̑šə̑štlan, kul'tura pojanlə̑k dene pütə̑ń kalə̑klan pajdalanašə̑že jönə̑m kumdaŋdaš.
| Jeŋ-βlakə̑n |
| Jeŋ | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| jeŋ | -βlak | -n |
| person | -PL | -GEN |
| ad/no | -num | -case |
|
| garmonič́nə̑j |
| garmonič́nə̑j |
| garmonič́nə̑j |
| harmonious |
| ad |
|
| duχoβnə̑j |
| duχoβnə̑j |
| duχoβnə̑j |
| spiritual |
| ad |
|
| ilə̑šə̑štlan, |
| ilə̑š | -ə̑št | -lan |
| ilə̑š | -št | -lan |
| life | -3PL | -DAT |
| no | -poss | -case |
| ilə̑šə̑štlan, |
| ilə̑šə̑ | -št | -lan |
| ilə̑še | -št | -lan |
| living | -3PL | -DAT |
| ad/no | -poss | -case |
| ilə̑šə̑štlan, |
| ilə̑š | -ə̑št | -la | -n |
| ilə̑š | -št | -la | -n |
| life | -3PL | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -num | -case |
| ilə̑šə̑štlan, |
| ilə̑šə̑ | -št | -la | -n |
| ilə̑še | -št | -la | -n |
| living | -3PL | -PL | -GEN |
| ad/no | -poss | -num | -case |
| ilə̑šə̑štlan, |
| ilə̑ | -šə̑ | -št | -lan |
| ile | -še | -št | -lan |
| live | -PTCP.ACT | -3PL | -DAT |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss | -case |
| ilə̑šə̑štlan, |
| ilə̑ | -šə̑ | -št | -la | -n |
| ile | -še | -št | -la | -n |
| live | -PTCP.ACT | -3PL | -PL | -GEN |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss | -num | -case |
|
|
| pojanlə̑k |
| pojanlə̑k |
| pojanlə̑k |
| wealth |
| no |
| pojanlə̑k |
| pojan | -lə̑k |
| pojan | -lə̑k |
| rich | -for |
| ad/av/no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
| pütə̑ń |
| pütə̑ń |
| pütə̑ń |
| complete |
| ad/av |
|
| kalə̑klan |
| kalə̑kl | -an |
| kalə̑kle | -an |
| national | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| kalə̑klan |
| kalə̑k | -lan |
| kalə̑k | -lan |
| people | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| kalə̑klan |
| kalə̑k | -la | -n |
| kalə̑k | -la | -n |
| people | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| pajdalanašə̑že |
| pajdalan | -aš | -ə̑že |
| pajdalane | -aš | -že |
| use | -INF | -3SG |
| vb2 | -inf | -poss |
|
| jönə̑m |
| jön | -ə̑m |
| jön | -m |
| method | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kumdaŋdaš. |
| kumdaŋd | -aš |
| kumdaŋde | -aš |
| widen | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
garmoń 1
U garmoń
|
|
| garmoń |
| garmoń |
| garmoń |
| accordion |
| no |
|
garmoń 2
latkok basan garmoń
| latkok |
| latkok |
| latkok |
| twelve |
| nm |
|
| basan |
| bas | -an |
| bas | -an |
| bass | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| garmoń |
| garmoń |
| garmoń |
| accordion |
| no |
|
garmoń 3 (M. Bol'šakoβ)
Garmoń šokta peš nə̑žə̑l semə̑m.
| Garmoń |
| Garmoń |
| garmoń |
| accordion |
| no |
|
| šokta |
| šokt | -a |
| šokto | -a |
| be.heard | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| nə̑žə̑l |
| nə̑žə̑l |
| nə̑žə̑l |
| affectionate |
| ad |
|
| semə̑m. |
| sem | -ə̑m |
| sem | -m |
| melody | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| semə̑m. |
| sem | -ə̑m |
| sem | -m |
| sense | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
garmoń 4 (P. Korniloβ)
Jal šeŋgelnə̑se kuerə̑šte gə̑na koklan-koklan garmoń jük šokta, južgunam tudə̑m šə̑ma muro almašta.
|
|
| šeŋgelnə̑se |
| šeŋgelnə̑se |
| šeŋgelnə̑se |
| back |
| ad |
|
| kuerə̑šte |
| kuer | -ə̑šte |
| kuer | -šte |
| birch.forest | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| koklan-koklan |
| koklan-koklan |
| koklan-koklan |
| sometimes |
| av |
|
| garmoń |
| garmoń |
| garmoń |
| accordion |
| no |
|
|
| šokta, |
| šokt | -a |
| šokto | -a |
| be.heard | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| južgunam |
| južgunam |
| južgunam |
| occasionally |
| av/pr |
|
| tudə̑m |
| tudə̑m |
| tudə̑m |
| him/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑m |
| tudo | -m |
| tudo | -m |
| 3SG | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
| šə̑ma |
| šə̑ma |
| šə̑ma |
| gentle |
| ad |
|
| muro |
| muro | -Ø |
| muro | -Ø |
| sing | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| muro |
| muro | -Ø |
| muro | -Ø |
| sing | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| almašta. |
| almašt | -a |
| almašte | -a |
| replace | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
garmońč́o 1 (M. Rə̑bakoβ)
Stapan Mikale, jalə̑se garmońč́o.
| Stapan |
| Stapan |
| Stapan |
| Stapan |
| na |
|
| Mikale, |
| Mikale |
| Mikale |
| Mikale |
| na |
|
| jalə̑se |
| jalə̑se |
| jalə̑se |
| village |
| ad/no |
| jalə̑se |
| jal | -ə̑se |
| jal | -se |
| village | -ADJ |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| garmońč́o. |
| garmońč́o |
| garmońč́o |
| accordion.player |
| no |
|
garmońč́o 2 (P. Korniloβ)
– Garmońč́o, šoktalte-jan, – pokšek lekte Nač́i.
| Garmońč́o, |
| Garmońč́o |
| garmońč́o |
| accordion.player |
| no |
|
| šoktalte-jan, – |
| šoktalte | -Ø | -jan |
| šoktalte | -Ø | -jan |
| be.heard | -IMP.2SG | -WEAK |
| vb2 | -mood.pers | -enc |
|
| pokšek |
| pokšek |
| pokšek |
| into.the.middle |
| av/po |
|
| lekte |
| lekt | -e |
| lekt | -Je |
| go | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| Nač́i. |
| Nač́i |
| Nač́i |
| Nachi |
| na |
|
garnizon 1 (A. Bik)
Razβedč́ik-βlak umə̑lə̑št, garnizon, oč́ə̑ni, izižak ogə̑l.
| Razβedč́ik-βlak |
| Razβedč́ik | -βlak |
| razβedč́ik | -βlak |
| scout | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| umə̑lə̑št, |
| umə̑l | -ə̑št |
| umə̑l | -št |
| understanding | -3PL |
| no | -poss |
| umə̑lə̑št, |
| umə̑lə̑ | -št |
| umə̑lo | -št |
| understand | -IMP.3PL |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| umə̑lə̑št, |
| umə̑lə̑ | -š | -t |
| umə̑lo | -š | -t |
| understand | -PST1 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| garnizon, |
| garnizon |
| garnizon |
| garrison |
| no |
|
| oč́ə̑ni, |
| oč́ə̑ńi |
| oč́ə̑ńi |
| probably |
| pa |
|
| izižak |
| izi | -ž | -ak |
| izi | -že | -ak |
| small | -3SG | -STR |
| ad/no | -poss | -enc |
|
| ogə̑l. |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
garnizonnə̑j 1
Garnizonnə̑j služba
| Garnizonnə̑j |
| Garnizonnə̑j |
| garnizonnə̑j |
| garrison |
| ad |
|
|
garnizonnə̑j 2 (V. Iβanoβ)
Al'bert tə̑lze nare tə̑šte ila, no niguzeat uβol'nenijə̑š kajen, keč́ garnizonnə̑j naŕadə̑š logal ok kert.
| Al'bert |
| Al'bert |
| Al'bert |
| Al'bert |
| na |
|
| tə̑lze |
| tə̑lze |
| tə̑lze |
| moon |
| no |
|
|
| tə̑šte |
| tə̑šte |
| tə̑šte |
| here |
| av/pr |
| tə̑šte |
| tə̑š | -te |
| tə̑š | -šte |
| here | -INE |
| av/pr | -case |
|
| ila, |
| i | -la |
| i | -la |
| and | -STR |
| co | -enc |
| ila, |
| i | -la |
| i | -la |
| X | -STR |
| pa | -enc |
| ila, |
| il | -a |
| ile | -a |
| live | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| niguzeat |
| ńiguzeat |
| ńiguzeat |
| in.no.way |
| av |
| niguzeat |
| ńiguze | -at |
| ńiguze | -at |
| in.no.way | -and |
| av/pr | -enc |
|
| uβol'nenijə̑š |
| uβol'nenij | -ə̑š |
| uβol'nenij | -š |
| discharge | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| kajen, |
| kaj | -en | -Ø |
| kaje | -en | -Ø |
| go | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kajen, |
| kaj | -en |
| kaje | -en |
| go | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| keč́ |
| keč́ |
| keč́ |
| even.if |
| co/pa |
|
| garnizonnə̑j |
| garnizonnə̑j |
| garnizonnə̑j |
| garrison |
| ad |
|
| naŕadə̑š |
| naŕad | -ə̑š |
| naŕad | -š |
| order | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| logal |
| logal | -Ø |
| logal | -Ø |
| touch | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| logal |
| logal | -Ø |
| logal | -Ø |
| touch | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| logal |
| logal | -Ø |
| logal | -Ø |
| touch | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ok |
| ok | -Ø |
| ok | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| swaddle | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| swaddle | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| swaddle | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
garnir 1
Türlö-türlö garnir
| Türlö-türlö |
| Türlö-türlö |
| türlö-türlö |
| various |
| ad |
|
| garnir |
| garnir |
| garnir |
| garnish |
| no |
|
garnir 2
kotletlan garnir
| kotletlan |
| kotlet | -lan |
| kotlet | -lan |
| cutlet | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| kotletlan |
| kotlet | -la | -n |
| kotlet | -la | -n |
| cutlet | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| garnir |
| garnir |
| garnir |
| garnish |
| no |
|
garnir 3
garnirə̑m jamdə̑laš
| garnirə̑m |
| garnir | -ə̑m |
| garnir | -m |
| garnish | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| jamdə̑laš |
| jamdə̑l | -aš |
| jamdə̑le | -aš |
| prepare | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| jamdə̑laš |
| jamdə̑ | -la | -š |
| jamde | -la | -š |
| ready | -PL | -ILL |
| ad | -num | -case |
| jamdə̑laš |
| jamdə̑ | -la | -š |
| jamde | -la | -eš |
| ready | -PL | -LAT |
| ad | -num | -case |
|
garnitur 1
Mebel' garnitur
| Mebel' |
| Mebel' |
| mebel' |
| furniture |
| no |
|
| garnitur |
| garnitur |
| garnitur |
| set |
| no |
|
garnitur 2 (S. Muzuroβ)
Pört körgə̑štö – Č́eχosloβakij gə̑č́ kondə̑mo u garnitur.
|
|
| körgə̑štö – |
| körgə̑štö |
| körgə̑štö |
| inside |
| av/po |
| körgə̑štö – |
| körgə̑ | -štö |
| körgö | -šte |
| inside | -INE |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| Č́eχosloβakij |
| Č́eχosloβakij |
| Č́eχosloβakij |
| Czechoslovakia |
| pn |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| kondə̑mo |
| kondə̑mo |
| kondə̑mo |
| delivery |
| ad |
| kondə̑mo |
| kondə̑ | -mo |
| kondo | -me |
| bring | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
| kondə̑mo |
| kon | -də̑mo |
| kon | -də̑me |
| kitty | -without |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| kondə̑mo |
| kon | -də̑mo |
| kon | -də̑me |
| alkali | -without |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| take.care.of | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| stroke | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| garnitur. |
| garnitur |
| garnitur |
| set |
| no |
|
garnitur 3
Garnitur üstel
| Garnitur |
| Garnitur |
| garnitur |
| set |
| no |
|
| üstel |
| üstel |
| üstel |
| table |
| no |
|
gasitlaš 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Gosudarstβennə̑j zajomə̑m umbakə̑že gasitlaš.
| Gosudarstβennə̑j |
| Gosudarstβennə̑j |
| gosudarstβennə̑j |
| state |
| ad |
|
| zajomə̑m |
| zajom | -ə̑m |
| zajom | -m |
| loan | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| umbakə̑že |
| umbakə̑že |
| umbakə̑že |
| onward |
| av |
| umbakə̑že |
| umbakə̑ | -že |
| umbake | -že |
| far | -3SG |
| av | -poss |
|
| gasitlaš. |
| gasitl | -aš |
| gasitle | -aš |
| pay.off | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gastrit 1
Nele gastrit
| Nele |
| Nele |
| nele |
| heavy |
| ad/no |
| Nele |
| Nel | -'e |
| nel | -Je |
| swallow | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| gastrit |
| gastrit |
| gastrit |
| gastritis |
| no |
|
gastrit 2
χronič́eskij gastrit
| χronič́eskij |
| χronič́eskij |
| χronič́eskij |
| chronic |
| ad |
|
| gastrit |
| gastrit |
| gastrit |
| gastritis |
| no |
|
gastrol'or 1 (V. Isenekoβ)
Oŋajə̑n ə̑šta, jalt gastrol'or-artist gaj.
| Oŋajə̑n |
| Oŋajə̑n |
| oŋajə̑n |
| interestingly |
| av |
| Oŋajə̑n |
| Oŋaj | -ə̑n |
| oŋaj | -n |
| interesting | -GEN |
| ad/av | -case |
|
| ə̑šta, |
| ə̑št | -a |
| ə̑šte | -a |
| do | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| jalt |
| jalt |
| jalt |
| completely |
| av/pa |
|
| gastrol'or-artist |
| gastrol'or- | artist |
| gastrol'or | artist |
| guest.performer | artist |
| no | no |
|
| gaj. |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
gastrol'or 2 (P. Korniloβ)
Gastrol'orla kudalə̑štaš jörata.
| Gastrol'orla |
| Gastrol'or | -la |
| gastrol'or | -la |
| guest.performer | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| Gastrol'orla |
| Gastrol'or | -la |
| gastrol'or | -la |
| guest.performer | -PL |
| no | -num |
| Gastrol'orla |
| Gastrol'or | -la |
| gastrol'or | -la |
| guest.performer | -STR |
| no | -enc |
|
| kudalə̑štaš |
| kudalə̑št | -aš |
| kudalə̑št | -aš |
| run.around | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
| jörata. |
| jörat | -a |
| jörate | -a |
| love | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gastroliroβatlaš 1
Rajonlašte gastroliroβatlaš
| Rajonlašte |
| Rajon | -la | -šte |
| rajon | -la | -šte |
| district | -PL | -INE |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| gastroliroβatlaš |
| gastroliroβatl | -aš |
| gastroliroβatle | -aš |
| tour | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gastroliroβatlaš 2
kužun gastroliroβatlaš
| kužun |
| kužun |
| kužun |
| long.time |
| av |
| kužun |
| kužu | -n |
| kužu | -n |
| long | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| gastroliroβatlaš |
| gastroliroβatl | -aš |
| gastroliroβatle | -aš |
| tour | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gastroliroβatlaš 3
Južo jeŋ zaβod gə̑č́ zaβodə̑š gastroliroβatlaš jörata.
| Južo |
| Ju | -žo |
| ju | -že |
| magic | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| Južo |
| Ju | -žo |
| ju | -že |
| cool | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| zaβod |
| zaβod |
| zaβod |
| factory |
| no |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| zaβodə̑š |
| zaβod | -ə̑š |
| zaβod | -š |
| factory | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| gastroliroβatlaš |
| gastroliroβatl | -aš |
| gastroliroβatle | -aš |
| tour | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| jörata. |
| jörat | -a |
| jörate | -a |
| love | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gastrol' 1
Gastrol'ə̑š kajaš
| Gastrol'ə̑š |
| Gastrol' | -ə̑š |
| gastrol' | -š |
| tour | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| kajaš |
| kaj | -aš |
| kaje | -aš |
| go | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gastrol' 2 (S. Nikolajeβ)
Molo olala gə̑č́ teatral'nə̑j kollektiβ, posna artist-βlak gastrol' dene toledenə̑t, spektal'ə̑m, koncertə̑m onč́ə̑ktenə̑t.
| Molo |
| Molo |
| molo |
| other |
| no/pr |
|
| olala |
| ola | -la |
| ola | -la |
| city | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| olala |
| ola | -la |
| ola | -la |
| motley | -COMP |
| ad | -case |
| olala |
| ola | -la |
| ola | -la |
| city | -PL |
| no | -num |
| olala |
| ola | -la |
| ola | -la |
| motley | -PL |
| ad | -num |
| olala |
| ola | -la |
| ola | -la |
| city | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| olala |
| ola | -la |
| ola | -la |
| motley | -STR |
| ad | -enc |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| teatral'nə̑j |
| teatral'nə̑j |
| teatral'nə̑j |
| theater |
| ad |
|
| kollektiβ, |
| kollektiβ |
| kollektiβ |
| collective |
| no |
|
| posna |
| posna |
| posna |
| isolated |
| ad/av |
|
| artist-βlak |
| artist | -βlak |
| artist | -βlak |
| artist | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| gastrol' |
| gastrol' |
| gastrol' |
| tour |
| no |
|
|
| toledenə̑t, |
| toled | -en | -ə̑t |
| tolede | -en | -ə̑t |
| come | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| spektal'ə̑m, |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| koncertə̑m |
| koncert | -ə̑m |
| koncert | -m |
| concert | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| onč́ə̑ktenə̑t. |
| onč́ə̑kt | -en | -ə̑t |
| onč́ə̑kto | -en | -ə̑t |
| show | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| onč́ə̑ktenə̑t. |
| onč́ə̑ | -kt | -en | -ə̑t |
| onč́o | -kte | -en | -ə̑t |
| look | -CAUS | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
|
gastrol' 3 («Mar. kom.»)
Gastrol' afiša dekabŕə̑šte u koncertə̑š üžeš.
| Gastrol' |
| Gastrol' |
| gastrol' |
| tour |
| no |
|
|
| dekabŕə̑šte |
| dekabŕ | -ə̑šte |
| dekabŕ | -šte |
| December | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| take.care.of | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| stroke | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| koncertə̑š |
| koncert | -ə̑š |
| koncert | -š |
| concert | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| üžeš. |
| üž | -eš |
| üž | -eš |
| call | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gastronom 1 (Z. Katkoβa)
Gastronomə̑što kolbasalan č́eretə̑š šogale.
| Gastronomə̑što |
| Gastronom | -ə̑što |
| gastronom | -šte |
| grocery | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| kolbasalan |
| kolbasa | -lan |
| kolbasa | -lan |
| sausage | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| kolbasalan |
| kolbasa | -la | -n |
| kolbasa | -la | -n |
| sausage | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| č́eretə̑š |
| č́eret | -ə̑š |
| č́eret | -š |
| line | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| šogale. |
| šogale | -Ø |
| šogale | -Ø |
| plough | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šogale. |
| šogal | -'e |
| šogal | -Je |
| stand.up | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šogale. |
| šogale | -Ø |
| šogale | -Ø |
| plough | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
gastronom 2 (A. Volkoβ)
Tə̑j kə̑zə̑tak kolbasa den munə̑m žaritle, a mə̑j gastronomə̑š kuržam.
|
|
| kə̑zə̑tak |
| kə̑zə̑tak |
| kə̑zə̑tak |
| at.once |
| av |
| kə̑zə̑tak |
| kə̑zə̑t | -ak |
| kə̑zə̑t | -ak |
| now | -STR |
| av | -enc |
|
| kolbasa |
| kolbasa |
| kolbasa |
| sausage |
| no |
|
|
| munə̑m |
| munə̑ | -m |
| muno | -m |
| egg | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| žaritle, |
| žaritle | -Ø |
| žaritle | -Ø |
| fry | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| žaritle, |
| žaritle | -Ø |
| žaritle | -Ø |
| fry | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
|
|
| gastronomə̑š |
| gastronom | -ə̑š |
| gastronom | -š |
| grocery | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| kuržam. |
| kurž | -am |
| kurž | -am |
| run | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gastronomij 1
Gastronomijə̑m užalə̑me otdel
| Gastronomijə̑m |
| Gastronomij | -ə̑m |
| gastronomij | -m |
| groceries | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| užalə̑me |
| užalə̑me |
| užalə̑me |
| commercial |
| ad |
| užalə̑me |
| užalə̑ | -me |
| užale | -me |
| sell | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| otdel |
| otdel |
| otdel |
| department |
| no |
|
gastronomič́eskij 1
Gastronomič́eskij satu
| Gastronomič́eskij |
| Gastronomič́eskij |
| gastronomič́eskij |
| gastronomic |
| ad |
|
|
gaubica 1
Nele gaubica
| Nele |
| Nele |
| nele |
| heavy |
| ad/no |
| Nele |
| Nel | -'e |
| nel | -Je |
| swallow | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
|
gaubica 2 (M. Kazakoβ)
Šogat peš šuko gaubica-šamə̑č́.
| Šogat |
| Šoga | -t |
| šoga | -et |
| plough | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| Šogat |
| Šoga | -t |
| šoga | -at |
| plough | -and |
| no | -enc |
| Šogat |
| Šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| stop | -and |
| vb | -enc |
| Šogat |
| Šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| mute | -and |
| ad | -enc |
| Šogat |
| Šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| stand | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| Šogat |
| Šog | -a | -t |
| šogo | -a | -at |
| stand | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| Šogat |
| Šog | -Ø | -at |
| šogo | -Ø | -at |
| stand | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
|
| šuko |
| šuko |
| šuko |
| a.lot |
| ad/av/no |
|
| gaubica-šamə̑č́. |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
gaubič́nə̑j 1 (A. Iβanoβ)
Tə̑ge tudo 369-še gaubič́nə̑j artillerijskij polkə̑š logaleš.
| Tə̑ge |
| Tə̑ge |
| tə̑ge |
| so |
| av/pa/pr |
|
|
| 369-še |
| 369-še |
| 369-še |
| 369th |
| nm |
|
| gaubič́nə̑j |
| gaubič́nə̑j |
| gaubič́nə̑j |
| howitzer |
| ad |
|
| artillerijskij |
| artillerijskij |
| artillerijskij |
| artillery |
| ad |
|
| polkə̑š |
| polk | -ə̑š |
| polk | -š |
| regiment | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| polkə̑š |
| polkə̑ | -š |
| polko | -š |
| shelf | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| polkə̑š |
| polkə̑ | -š |
| polko | -š |
| family | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| logaleš. |
| logal | -eš |
| logal | -eš |
| touch | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gauptβaχta 1 (M.-Azmekej)
Kapitan Bannikoβ Č́esnokə̑m kum sutkalan gauptβaχtə̑ške šə̑ndə̑š.
| Kapitan |
| Kapitan |
| kapitan |
| captain |
| no |
|
| Bannikoβ |
| Bannikoβ |
| Bannikoβ |
| Bannikov |
| na |
|
| Č́esnokə̑m |
| Č́esnok | -ə̑m |
| č́esnok | -m |
| garlic | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kum |
| kum |
| kum |
| godfather.of.one's.child |
| no |
|
| sutkalan |
| sutka | -lan |
| sutka | -lan |
| twenty-four-hour.period | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| sutkalan |
| sutka | -la | -n |
| sutka | -la | -n |
| twenty-four-hour.period | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| gauptβaχtə̑ške |
| gauptβaχtə̑ | -ške |
| gauptβaχte | -ške |
| guardroom | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| šə̑ndə̑š. |
| šə̑ndə̑š |
| šə̑ndə̑š |
| sheaves.in.drying.barn |
| no |
| šə̑ndə̑š. |
| šə̑ndə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| šə̑nde | -š | -Ø |
| put | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gašetka 1 (N. Lekajn)
Puleḿotč́ik pricelə̑m iziš ülə̑kə̑rak ə̑šten, kelə̑štaren šuktat, gašetkə̑m temdaleš.
| Puleḿotč́ik |
| Puleḿotč́ik |
| puleḿotč́ik |
| machine.gunner |
| no |
|
| pricelə̑m |
| pricel | -ə̑m |
| pricel | -m |
| sight | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| iziš |
| izi | -š |
| izi | -š |
| small | -ILL |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| ülə̑kə̑rak |
| ülə̑kə̑rak |
| ülə̑kə̑rak |
| down |
| av |
| ülə̑kə̑rak |
| ülə̑kə̑ | -rak |
| ülə̑kö | -rak |
| downwards | -COMP |
| av | -deg |
|
| ə̑šten, |
| ə̑št | -en | -Ø |
| ə̑šte | -en | -Ø |
| do | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑šten, |
| ə̑št | -en |
| ə̑šte | -en |
| do | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kelə̑štaren |
| kelə̑štaren |
| kelə̑štaren |
| harmoniously |
| av |
| kelə̑štaren |
| kelə̑štar | -en | -Ø |
| kelə̑štare | -en | -Ø |
| coordinate | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kelə̑štaren |
| kelə̑štar | -en |
| kelə̑štare | -en |
| coordinate | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šuktat, |
| šukt | -at |
| šukto | -at |
| succeed.in | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šuktat, |
| šukt | -a | -t |
| šukto | -a | -at |
| succeed.in | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| šuktat, |
| šukt | -Ø | -at |
| šukto | -Ø | -at |
| succeed.in | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
| šuktat, |
| šu | -kt | -at |
| šu | -kte | -at |
| reach | -CAUS | -3PL |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -pers |
| šuktat, |
| šu | -kt | -at |
| šu | -kte | -at |
| ferment | -CAUS | -3PL |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -pers |
| šuktat, |
| šu | -kt | -at |
| šu | -kte | -at |
| whittle | -CAUS | -3PL |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -pers |
| šuktat, |
| šu | -kt | -a | -t |
| šu | -kte | -a | -at |
| reach | -CAUS | -3SG | -and |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -pers | -enc |
| šuktat, |
| šu | -kt | -a | -t |
| šu | -kte | -a | -at |
| ferment | -CAUS | -3SG | -and |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -pers | -enc |
| šuktat, |
| šu | -kt | -a | -t |
| šu | -kte | -a | -at |
| whittle | -CAUS | -3SG | -and |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -pers | -enc |
| šuktat, |
| šu | -kt | -Ø | -at |
| šu | -kte | -Ø | -at |
| reach | -CAUS | -CNG | -and |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -conn | -enc |
| šuktat, |
| šu | -kt | -Ø | -at |
| šu | -kte | -Ø | -at |
| ferment | -CAUS | -CNG | -and |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -conn | -enc |
| šuktat, |
| šu | -kt | -Ø | -at |
| šu | -kte | -Ø | -at |
| whittle | -CAUS | -CNG | -and |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -conn | -enc |
|
| gašetkə̑m |
| gašetkə̑ | -m |
| gašetke | -m |
| trigger | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| temdaleš. |
| temdal | -eš |
| temdal | -eš |
| push | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gβardejec 1 (A. Erə̑kan)
Gβardejec-βlak ilaš-kolaš šogenə̑t, granatə̑m kideš kuč́en, tušmanə̑n tankše βaštareš lektə̑nə̑t.
| Gβardejec-βlak |
| Gβardejec | -βlak |
| gβardejec | -βlak |
| guardsman | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| ilaš-kolaš |
| ilaš-kolaš |
| ilaš-kolaš |
| death |
| av |
|
| šogenə̑t, |
| šog | -en | -ə̑t |
| šogo | -en | -ə̑t |
| stand | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| granatə̑m |
| granat | -ə̑m |
| granat | -m |
| pomegranate | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| granatə̑m |
| granat | -ə̑m |
| granat | -m |
| grenade | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kideš |
| kid | -eš |
| kid | -eš |
| hand | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| kuč́en, |
| kuč́ | -en | -Ø |
| kuč́o | -en | -Ø |
| hold | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kuč́en, |
| kuč́ | -en |
| kuč́o | -en |
| hold | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| tušmanə̑n |
| tušmanə̑n |
| tušmanə̑n |
| in.a.hostile.manner |
| av |
| tušmanə̑n |
| tušman | -ə̑n |
| tušman | -n |
| enemy | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| tankše |
| tank | -še |
| tank | -že |
| tank | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| βaštareš |
| βaštareš |
| βaštareš |
| toward |
| ad/av/po |
| βaštareš |
| βaštar | -eš |
| βaštar | -eš |
| maple | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| lektə̑nə̑t. |
| lekt | -ə̑n | -ə̑t |
| lekt | -n | -ə̑t |
| go | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
|
gβardejskij 1
Gβardejskij č́ast'
| Gβardejskij |
| Gβardejskij |
| gβardejskij |
| guard |
| ad |
|
| č́ast' |
| č́ast' |
| č́ast' |
| unit |
| no |
|
gβardejskij 2
gβardejskij znak
| gβardejskij |
| gβardejskij |
| gβardejskij |
| guard |
| ad |
|
|
gβardejskij 3 (S. Višneβskij)
Nu, Laβrenč́uk joltaš, nə̑l keč́e gə̑č́ me tə̑lat gβardejskij znač́okə̑m puena.
|
|
| Laβrenč́uk |
| Laβrenč́uk |
| Laβrenč́uk |
| Lavrenchuk |
| na |
|
| joltaš, |
| joltaš |
| joltaš |
| friend |
| no |
|
|
| keč́e |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| keč́e |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
|
| tə̑lat |
| tə̑ | -la | -t |
| tə̑j | -lan | -et |
| 2SG | -DAT | -2SG |
| pr | -case | -poss |
| tə̑lat |
| tə̑l | -at |
| tə̑l | -at |
| rear | -and |
| no | -enc |
|
| gβardejskij |
| gβardejskij |
| gβardejskij |
| guard |
| ad |
|
| znač́okə̑m |
| znač́ok | -ə̑m |
| znač́ok | -m |
| badge | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| puena. |
| pu} | -ena |
| puo | -ena |
| give | -1PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| puena. |
| pu} | -ena |
| puo | -ena |
| blow | -1PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gβardij 1
Soβetskij gβardij
| Soβetskij |
| Soβetskij |
| soβetskij |
| Soviet |
| ad |
|
| gβardij |
| gβardij |
| gβardij |
| guard |
| no |
|
gβardij 2 (M. Kazakoβ)
Gβardijə̑n βüreš jülen brońa.
| Gβardijə̑n |
| Gβardij | -ə̑n |
| gβardij | -n |
| guard | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| βüreš |
| βür | -eš |
| βür | -eš |
| blood | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| jülen |
| jüle | -n |
| jüle | -n |
| fire | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| jülen |
| jül | -en | -Ø |
| jülö | -en | -Ø |
| burn | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| jülen |
| jül | -en |
| jülö | -en |
| burn | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| brońa. |
| brońa |
| brońa |
| armor |
| no |
|
gβardij 3 (V. Dmitrijeβ)
Oškə̑l, oškə̑l, lij ere polmeze, gβardij polkə̑n lüddə̑mö seržant.
| Oškə̑l, |
| Oškə̑l |
| oškə̑l |
| step |
| no |
| Oškə̑l, |
| Oškə̑l | -Ø |
| oškə̑l | -Ø |
| step | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| Oškə̑l, |
| Oškə̑l | -Ø |
| oškə̑l | -Ø |
| step | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| Oškə̑l, |
| Oškə̑l | -Ø |
| oškə̑l | -Ø |
| step | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| oškə̑l, |
| oškə̑l |
| oškə̑l |
| step |
| no |
| oškə̑l, |
| oškə̑l | -Ø |
| oškə̑l | -Ø |
| step | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| oškə̑l, |
| oškə̑l | -Ø |
| oškə̑l | -Ø |
| step | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| oškə̑l, |
| oškə̑l | -Ø |
| oškə̑l | -Ø |
| step | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| lij |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lij |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| lij |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
|
| polmeze, |
| polmeze |
| polmeze |
| active |
| ad |
| polmeze, |
| polmeze |
| polmeze |
| poison |
| no |
|
| gβardij |
| gβardij |
| gβardij |
| guard |
| no |
|
| polkə̑n |
| polk | -ə̑n |
| polk | -n |
| regiment | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| polkə̑n |
| polkə̑ | -n |
| polko | -n |
| shelf | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| polkə̑n |
| polkə̑ | -n |
| polko | -n |
| family | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| lüddə̑mö |
| lüddə̑mö |
| lüddə̑mö |
| fearless |
| ad/no |
| lüddə̑mö |
| lüd | -də̑mö |
| lüd | -də̑me |
| be.afraid.of | -PTCP.NEG |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| seržant. |
| seržant |
| seržant |
| sergeant |
| no |
|
gβardij 4
Lenin gβardij
| Lenin |
| Lenin |
| Lenin |
| Lenin |
| na |
|
| gβardij |
| gβardij |
| gβardij |
| guard |
| no |
|
gβardij 5
rβeze gβardij
| rβeze |
| rβeze |
| rβeze |
| young.man |
| ad/no |
|
| gβardij |
| gβardij |
| gβardij |
| guard |
| no |
|
gβardij 6 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Nölten olalam rβeze gβardij.
| Nölten |
| Nölt | -en | -Ø |
| nöltö | -en | -Ø |
| lift | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| Nölten |
| Nölt | -en |
| nöltö | -en |
| lift | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| olalam |
| ola | -la | -m |
| ola | -la | -m |
| city | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -num | -case |
| olalam |
| ola | -la | -m |
| ola | -la | -m |
| motley | -PL | -ACC |
| ad | -num | -case |
| olalam |
| ola | -la | -m |
| ola | -la | -em |
| city | -COMP | -1SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
| olalam |
| ola | -la | -m |
| ola | -la | -em |
| motley | -COMP | -1SG |
| ad | -case | -poss |
| olalam |
| ola | -la | -m |
| ola | -la | -em |
| city | -PL | -1SG |
| no | -num | -poss |
| olalam |
| ola | -la | -m |
| ola | -la | -em |
| motley | -PL | -1SG |
| ad | -num | -poss |
|
| rβeze |
| rβeze |
| rβeze |
| young.man |
| ad/no |
|
| gβardij. |
| gβardij |
| gβardij |
| guard |
| no |
|
gβardij 7 (M. Kazakoβ)
Leninə̑n kuštə̑mo kürtńö gaj gβardijže – partij – alal kumə̑lna, üšanna.
| Leninə̑n |
| Leninə̑n |
| Leninə̑n |
| Leninyn |
| na |
|
| kuštə̑mo |
| kuštə̑ | -mo |
| kušto | -me |
| grow | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
| kuštə̑mo |
| kuštə̑ | -mo |
| kušto | -me |
| dance | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| kürtńö |
| kürtńö |
| kürtńö |
| iron |
| no |
|
| gaj |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
| gβardijže – |
| gβardij | -že |
| gβardij | -že |
| guard | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| partij – |
| partij |
| partij |
| party |
| no |
|
| alal |
| alal |
| alal |
| beloved |
| ad/av/no |
|
| kumə̑lna, |
| kumə̑l | -na |
| kumə̑l | -na |
| mood | -1PL |
| no | -poss |
|
| üšanna. |
| üšan | -na |
| üšan | -na |
| trust | -1PL |
| ad/no | -poss |
| üšanna. |
| üš | -an | -na |
| üš | -an | -na |
| club | -with | -1PL |
| no | -deriv.ad | -poss |
|
gβardij 8
Tošto gβardij
| Tošto |
| Tošto |
| tošto |
| old |
| ad/no |
| Tošto |
| Toš | -to |
| toš | -šte |
| butt | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Tošto |
| Tošt | -o |
| tošt | -Je |
| dare | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| gβardij |
| gβardij |
| gβardij |
| guard |
| no |
|
gβozdika 1
Joškar gβozdika
| Joškar |
| Joškar |
| joškar |
| red |
| ad |
|
|
gegemon 1
Proletariat – reβol'ucijə̑n gegemonžo
| Proletariat – |
| Proletariat |
| proletariat |
| proletariat |
| no |
|
| reβol'ucijə̑n |
| reβol'ucij | -ə̑n |
| reβol'ucij | -n |
| revolution | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gegemonžo |
| gegemon | -žo |
| gegemon | -že |
| hegemon | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
gegemon 2 («Mar. kom.»)
Feβral'skij buržuazno-demokratič́eskij reβol'ucijə̑n gegemonžə̑lan, βujlatə̑šə̑žlan pašaze klass šotlaltə̑n.
| Feβral'skij |
| Feβral'skij |
| Feβral'skij |
| Fevral'skiy |
| na |
|
| buržuazno-demokratič́eskij |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| reβol'ucijə̑n |
| reβol'ucij | -ə̑n |
| reβol'ucij | -n |
| revolution | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gegemonžə̑lan, |
| gegemon | -žə̑ | -lan |
| gegemon | -že | -lan |
| hegemon | -3SG | -DAT |
| no | -poss | -case |
| gegemonžə̑lan, |
| gegemon | -žə̑ | -la | -n |
| gegemon | -že | -la | -n |
| hegemon | -3SG | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -num | -case |
|
| βujlatə̑šə̑žlan |
| βujlatə̑šə̑ | -ž | -lan |
| βujlatə̑še | -že | -lan |
| leading | -3SG | -DAT |
| ad/no | -poss | -case |
| βujlatə̑šə̑žlan |
| βujlatə̑šə̑ | -ž | -la | -n |
| βujlatə̑še | -že | -la | -n |
| leading | -3SG | -PL | -GEN |
| ad/no | -poss | -num | -case |
| βujlatə̑šə̑žlan |
| βujlatə̑ | -šə̑ | -ž | -lan |
| βujlate | -še | -že | -lan |
| lead | -PTCP.ACT | -3SG | -DAT |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss | -case |
| βujlatə̑šə̑žlan |
| βujlatə̑ | -šə̑ | -ž | -la | -n |
| βujlate | -še | -že | -la | -n |
| lead | -PTCP.ACT | -3SG | -PL | -GEN |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss | -num | -case |
|
| pašaze |
| pašaze |
| pašaze |
| worker |
| ad/no |
|
| klass |
| klass |
| klass |
| class |
| no |
|
| šotlaltə̑n. |
| šotlalt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| šotlalt | -n | -Ø |
| number | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šotlaltə̑n. |
| šotlalt | -ə̑n |
| šotlalt | -n |
| number | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| šotlaltə̑n. |
| šotl | -alt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| šotlo | -alt | -n | -Ø |
| count | -REF | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| šotlaltə̑n. |
| šotl | -alt | -ə̑n |
| šotlo | -alt | -n |
| count | -REF | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
gegemonij 1
Marks den Engel's proletariatə̑n gegemonijže nergen idejlan tüŋ nabroskə̑m ə̑štenə̑t.
| Marks |
| Marks |
| Marks |
| Marks |
| na |
|
|
| Engel's |
| Engel's |
| Engel's |
| Engel's |
| na |
|
| proletariatə̑n |
| proletariat | -ə̑n |
| proletariat | -n |
| proletariat | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gegemonijže |
| gegemonij | -že |
| gegemonij | -že |
| hegemony | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| nergen |
| nergen |
| nergen |
| about |
| po |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| cold | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| badger | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| order | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| idejlan |
| idej | -lan |
| idej | -lan |
| idea | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| idejlan |
| idej | -la | -n |
| idej | -la | -n |
| idea | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ |
| foundation |
| ad/no |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| freeze | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| freeze | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| freeze | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| nabroskə̑m |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| ə̑štenə̑t. |
| ə̑št | -en | -ə̑t |
| ə̑šte | -en | -ə̑t |
| do | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gejzer 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Gejzer č́užla, šurga, daže jə̑rə̑m-jə̑r mlande č́ə̑tə̑rnalteš.
| Gejzer |
| Gejzer |
| gejzer |
| geyser |
| no |
|
| č́užla, |
| č́užl | -a |
| č́užlo | -a |
| hum | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| č́užla, |
| č́u | -ž | -la |
| č́u | -že | -la |
| listen | -3SG | -STR |
| in | -poss | -enc |
|
| šurga, |
| šurg | -a |
| šurgo | -a |
| be.noisy | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| daže |
| daže |
| daže |
| even |
| co/pa |
| daže |
| da | -že |
| da | -že |
| and | -3SG |
| co | -poss |
| daže |
| da | -že |
| da | -že |
| yes | -3SG |
| pa | -poss |
|
| jə̑rə̑m-jə̑r |
| jə̑rə̑m-jə̑r |
| jə̑rə̑m-jə̑r |
| around |
| av |
|
| mlande |
| mlande |
| mlande |
| land |
| no |
| mlande |
| mlande |
| mlande |
| Earth |
| pn |
|
| č́ə̑tə̑rnalteš. |
| č́ə̑tə̑rnalt | -eš |
| č́ə̑tə̑rnalt | -eš |
| shudder | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| č́ə̑tə̑rnalteš. |
| č́ə̑tə̑rn | -alt | -eš |
| č́ə̑tə̑rne | -alt | -eš |
| shake | -REF | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -pers |
|
gejzer 2 («Mar. kom.»)
Gejzer βüd peš kugu pajdam puen kerteš.
| Gejzer |
| Gejzer |
| gejzer |
| geyser |
| no |
|
|
|
|
| pajdam |
| pajda | -m |
| pajda | -m |
| use | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| pajdam |
| pajda | -m |
| pajda | -em |
| use | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| pajdam |
| paj | -da | -m |
| paj | -da | -m |
| share | -2PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| pajdam |
| paj | -da | -m |
| paj | -da | -m |
| fried.meat | -2PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| pajdam |
| pajda | -m | -Ø |
| pajda | -em | -Ø |
| use | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| pajdam |
| pajda | -m | -Ø |
| pajda | -em | -Ø |
| use | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| pajdam |
| pajda | -m | -Ø |
| pajda | -em | -Ø |
| use | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| puen |
| pu} | -en | -Ø |
| puo | -en | -Ø |
| give | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| puen |
| pu} | -en | -Ø |
| puo | -en | -Ø |
| blow | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| puen |
| pu} | -en |
| puo | -en |
| give | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| puen |
| pu} | -en |
| puo | -en |
| blow | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kerteš. |
| kert | -eš |
| kert | -eš |
| be.able.to | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| kerteš. |
| kert | -eš |
| kert | -eš |
| swaddle | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gektar 1 («Arifmetika»)
Mlande uč́astkə̑n ploš́š́ad'šə̑m ar da gektar dene βiskalat.
| Mlande |
| Mlande |
| mlande |
| land |
| no |
| Mlande |
| Mlande |
| Mlande |
| Earth |
| pn |
|
| uč́astkə̑n |
| uč́astkə̑ | -n |
| uč́astke | -n |
| plot | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| ploš́š́ad'šə̑m |
| ploš́š́ad' | -šə̑ | -m |
| ploš́š́ad' | -že | -m |
| square | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
|
|
| gektar |
| gektar |
| gektar |
| hectare |
| no |
|
|
| βiskalat. |
| βiskal | -at |
| βiskale | -at |
| measure | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| βiskalat. |
| βiskal | -a | -t |
| βiskale | -a | -at |
| measure | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| βiskalat. |
| βiskal | -Ø | -at |
| βiskale | -Ø | -at |
| measure | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
gektar 2 (A. Jagel'din)
– Mə̑ńar gektar mlandə̑m olmapu naleš? – jodam škol direktor deč́.
| Mə̑ńar |
| Mə̑ńar |
| mə̑ńar |
| how.many |
| av/co/pr |
|
| gektar |
| gektar |
| gektar |
| hectare |
| no |
|
| mlandə̑m |
| mlandə̑ | -m |
| mlande | -m |
| land | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| mlandə̑m |
| mlandə̑ | -m |
| mlande | -m |
| Earth | -ACC |
| pn | -case |
|
| olmapu |
| olmapu |
| olmapu |
| apple.tree |
| no |
|
| naleš? – |
| nal' | -eš |
| nal'e | -eš |
| soft.red.clay | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| naleš? – |
| nal | -eš |
| nal | -eš |
| take | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| jodam |
| jod | -am |
| jod | -am |
| ask | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
|
| direktor |
| direktor |
| direktor |
| director |
| no |
|
|
gektograf 1 (K. Vasin)
A listoβka-βlakə̑m Jurineš peč́atlaš gektograf uke.
|
|
| listoβka-βlakə̑m |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| Jurineš |
| Jurineš |
| Jurineš |
| Yurinesh |
| na |
|
| peč́atlaš |
| peč́atl | -aš |
| peč́atle | -aš |
| print | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| gektograf |
| gektograf |
| gektograf |
| hectograph |
| no |
|
|
gemorroj 1
Gemorrojə̑m emlaš
| Gemorrojə̑m |
| Gemorroj | -ə̑m |
| gemorroj | -m |
| hemorrhoid | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| emlaš |
| eml | -aš |
| emle | -aš |
| treat | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| emlaš |
| em | -la | -š |
| em | -la | -š |
| medicine | -PL | -ILL |
| no | -num | -case |
| emlaš |
| em | -la | -š |
| em | -la | -eš |
| medicine | -PL | -LAT |
| no | -num | -case |
|
genezis 1 («Mar. fil.»)
Tə̑gaj sostaβnoj glagol-βlakə̑n tüŋə̑štə̑m-βožə̑štə̑m (genezisə̑štə̑m) purged onč́ə̑mo godə̑m raš lije: nunat t'urk kalə̑k-βlakə̑n jə̑lmə̑štlan köra šoč́ə̑nə̑t.
| Tə̑gaj |
| Tə̑gaj |
| tə̑gaj |
| such |
| ad/av/no/pr |
|
| sostaβnoj |
| sostaβnoj |
| sostaβnoj |
| compound |
| ad |
|
| glagol-βlakə̑n |
| glagol | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| glagol | -βlak | -n |
| verb | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| tüŋə̑štə̑m-βožə̑štə̑m |
| tüŋ | -ə̑št | -ə̑m- | βož | -ə̑št | -ə̑m |
| tüŋ | -št | -m | βož | -št | -m |
| foundation | -3PL | -ACC | root | -3PL | -ACC |
| ad/no | -poss | -case | no | -poss | -case |
|
| (genezisə̑štə̑m) |
| genezis | -ə̑št | -ə̑m |
| genezis | -št | -m |
| genesis | -3PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| purged |
| purged | -Ø |
| purged | -Ø |
| dig | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| purged |
| purged | -Ø |
| purged | -Ø |
| dig | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| purged |
| purged | -Ø |
| purged | -Ø |
| dig | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| onč́ə̑mo |
| onč́ə̑mo |
| onč́ə̑mo |
| view |
| ad |
| onč́ə̑mo |
| onč́ə̑ | -mo |
| onč́o | -me |
| look | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
|
| lije: |
| lij | -e |
| lij | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| nunat |
| nuno | -at |
| nuno | -at |
| 3PL | -and |
| pr | -enc |
|
| t'urk |
| t'urk |
| t'urk |
| Turk |
| no |
|
| kalə̑k-βlakə̑n |
| kalə̑k | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| kalə̑k | -βlak | -n |
| people | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| jə̑lmə̑štlan |
| jə̑lmə̑ | -št | -lan |
| jə̑lme | -št | -lan |
| tongue | -3PL | -DAT |
| no | -poss | -case |
| jə̑lmə̑štlan |
| jə̑lmə̑ | -št | -la | -n |
| jə̑lme | -št | -la | -n |
| tongue | -3PL | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -num | -case |
|
| köra |
| köra |
| köra |
| because.of |
| po |
|
| šoč́ə̑nə̑t. |
| šoč́ | -ə̑n | -ə̑t |
| šoč́ | -n | -ə̑t |
| be.born | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
|
general 1
Samə̑rə̑k general
| Samə̑rə̑k |
| Samə̑rə̑k |
| samə̑rə̑k |
| young |
| ad/no |
|
| general |
| general |
| general |
| general |
| no |
|
general 2
general-major
| general-major |
| general-major |
| general-major |
| major.general |
| no |
|
general 3
general-lejtenant
| general-lejtenant |
| general-lejtenant |
| general-lejtenant |
| lieutenant.general |
| no |
|
general 4 (K. Berezin)
Polkoβnikə̑n mutšə̑m general sajə̑n kolə̑što, ikmə̑ńar žap gə̑č́ ške ojlaš tüŋale.
| Polkoβnikə̑n |
| Polkoβnik | -ə̑n |
| polkoβnik | -n |
| colonel | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| mutšə̑m |
| mut | -šə̑ | -m |
| mut | -že | -m |
| word | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| general |
| general |
| general |
| general |
| no |
|
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| well |
| av |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| each |
| po |
| sajə̑n |
| saj | -ə̑n |
| saj | -n |
| good | -GEN |
| ad/av | -case |
|
| kolə̑što, |
| kol | -ə̑što |
| kol | -šte |
| fish | -INE |
| no | -case |
| kolə̑što, |
| kol | -ə̑što |
| kol | -šte |
| Pisces | -INE |
| no | -case |
| kolə̑što, |
| kolə̑ | -što |
| kolo | -šte |
| twenty | -INE |
| nm | -case |
| kolə̑što, |
| kolə̑št | -o |
| kolə̑št | -Je |
| listen | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| ikmə̑ńar |
| ikmə̑ńar |
| ikmə̑ńar |
| some |
| ad/av/nm/pr |
|
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
|
| ojlaš |
| ojl | -aš |
| ojlo | -aš |
| talk | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| ojlaš |
| oj | -la | -š |
| oj | -la | -š |
| opinion | -PL | -ILL |
| no | -num | -case |
| ojlaš |
| oj | -la | -š |
| oj | -la | -eš |
| opinion | -PL | -LAT |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| tüŋale. |
| tüŋal | -'e |
| tüŋal | -Je |
| start | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
general 5
General zβanij
| General |
| General |
| general |
| general |
| no |
|
| zβanij |
| zβanij |
| zβanij |
| title |
| no |
|
general 6 (V. Juksern)
General mundirə̑m č́ijen šogalaš jamdə̑lalt šušo polkoβnik Oskudan č́onžo kə̑zə̑t šinč́ə̑rlə̑me lijə̑n...
| General |
| General |
| general |
| general |
| no |
|
| mundirə̑m |
| mundir | -ə̑m |
| mundir | -m |
| uniform | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| č́ijen |
| č́ije | -n |
| č́ije | -n |
| cherry.tree | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| č́ijen |
| č́ij | -en | -Ø |
| č́ije | -en | -Ø |
| put.on | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| č́ijen |
| č́ij | -en |
| č́ije | -en |
| put.on | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šogalaš |
| šogal | -aš |
| šogal | -aš |
| stand.up | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| šogalaš |
| šogal | -aš |
| šogale | -aš |
| plough | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| šogalaš |
| šoga | -la | -š |
| šoga | -la | -š |
| plough | -PL | -ILL |
| no | -num | -case |
| šogalaš |
| šoga | -la | -š |
| šoga | -la | -eš |
| plough | -PL | -LAT |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| jamdə̑lalt |
| jamdə̑lalt | -Ø |
| jamdə̑lalt | -Ø |
| prepare | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| jamdə̑lalt |
| jamdə̑lalt | -Ø |
| jamdə̑lalt | -Ø |
| prepare | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| jamdə̑lalt |
| jamdə̑lalt | -Ø |
| jamdə̑lalt | -Ø |
| prepare | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| jamdə̑lalt |
| jamdə̑l | -alt | -Ø |
| jamdə̑le | -alt | -Ø |
| prepare | -REF | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| jamdə̑lalt |
| jamdə̑l | -alt | -Ø |
| jamdə̑le | -alt | -Ø |
| prepare | -REF | -CNG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -conn |
| jamdə̑lalt |
| jamdə̑l | -alt | -Ø |
| jamdə̑le | -alt | -Ø |
| prepare | -REF | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| šušo |
| šušo |
| šušo |
| fermented |
| ad |
| šušo |
| šu | -šo |
| šu | -še |
| reach | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| šušo |
| šu | -šo |
| šu | -še |
| ferment | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| šušo |
| šu | -šo |
| šu | -še |
| whittle | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| polkoβnik |
| polkoβnik |
| polkoβnik |
| colonel |
| no |
|
| Oskudan |
| Oskudan |
| Oskudan |
| Oskudan |
| na |
|
| č́onžo |
| č́on | -žo |
| č́on | -že |
| soul | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| kə̑zə̑t |
| kə̑zə̑t |
| kə̑zə̑t |
| now |
| av |
|
| šinč́ə̑rlə̑me |
| šinč́ə̑rlə̑ | -me |
| šinč́ə̑rle | -me |
| chain | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| lijə̑n... |
| lijə̑n |
| lijə̑n |
| as.a |
| po |
| lijə̑n... |
| lij | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lij | -n | -Ø |
| be | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| lijə̑n... |
| lij | -ə̑n |
| lij | -n |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
generalissimus 1
Kugu polkoβodec A. V. Suβoroβ generalissimus zβanijan lijə̑n.
|
|
| polkoβodec |
| polkoβodec |
| polkoβodec |
| commander |
| no |
|
|
|
| Suβoroβ |
| Suβoroβ |
| Suβoroβ |
| Suvorov |
| na |
|
| generalissimus |
| generalissimus |
| generalissimus |
| generalissimo |
| no |
|
| zβanijan |
| zβanij | -an |
| zβanij | -an |
| title | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| lijə̑n. |
| lijə̑n |
| lijə̑n |
| as.a |
| po |
| lijə̑n. |
| lij | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lij | -n | -Ø |
| be | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| lijə̑n. |
| lij | -ə̑n |
| lij | -n |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
general'nə̑j 1 (M. Apšat)
Literaturə̑što en perβə̑j paša – partijə̑n general'nə̑j kornə̑žə̑m ilə̑šə̑š purtaš polšaš.
| Literaturə̑što |
| Literatur | -ə̑što |
| literatur | -šte |
| literature | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| perβə̑j |
| perβə̑j |
| perβə̑j |
| first |
| ad/av/nm |
|
|
| partijə̑n |
| partij | -ə̑n |
| partij | -n |
| party | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| general'nə̑j |
| general'nə̑j |
| general'nə̑j |
| general |
| ad |
|
| kornə̑žə̑m |
| kornə̑ | -žə̑ | -m |
| korno | -že | -m |
| road | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| ilə̑šə̑š |
| ilə̑š | -ə̑š |
| ilə̑š | -š |
| life | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| ilə̑šə̑š |
| ilə̑šə̑ | -š |
| ilə̑še | -š |
| living | -ILL |
| ad/no | -case |
| ilə̑šə̑š |
| ilə̑ | -šə̑ | -š |
| ile | -še | -š |
| live | -PTCP.ACT | -ILL |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
| purtaš |
| purtaš |
| purtaš |
| swelling |
| no |
| purtaš |
| purt | -aš |
| purto | -aš |
| bring.in | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| polšaš. |
| polš | -aš |
| polšo | -aš |
| help | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
general'nə̑j 2 (Z. Katkoβa)
General'nə̑j planə̑m onč́al.
| General'nə̑j |
| General'nə̑j |
| general'nə̑j |
| general |
| ad |
|
| planə̑m |
| plan | -ə̑m |
| plan | -m |
| plan | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| onč́al. |
| onč́al | -Ø |
| onč́al | -Ø |
| look | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| onč́al. |
| onč́al | -Ø |
| onč́al | -Ø |
| look | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| onč́al. |
| onč́al | -Ø |
| onč́al | -Ø |
| look | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
general'nə̑j 3 (V. Isenekoβ)
– General'nə̑j štab strategič́eskij planə̑m jamdə̑la, – šoktə̑š tušeč́.
| General'nə̑j |
| General'nə̑j |
| general'nə̑j |
| general |
| ad |
|
|
| strategič́eskij |
| strategič́eskij |
| strategič́eskij |
| strategic |
| ad |
|
| planə̑m |
| plan | -ə̑m |
| plan | -m |
| plan | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| jamdə̑la, – |
| jamdə̑ | -la |
| jamde | -la |
| ready | -COMP |
| ad | -case |
| jamdə̑la, – |
| jamdə̑ | -la |
| jamde | -la |
| ready | -PL |
| ad | -num |
| jamdə̑la, – |
| jamdə̑ | -la |
| jamde | -la |
| ready | -STR |
| ad | -enc |
| jamdə̑la, – |
| jamdə̑l | -a |
| jamdə̑le | -a |
| prepare | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| šoktə̑š |
| šoktə̑š |
| šoktə̑š |
| bran |
| no |
| šoktə̑š |
| šoktə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| šokto | -š | -Ø |
| be.heard | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| tušeč́. |
| tušeč́ |
| tušeč́ |
| from.there |
| av/pr |
|
general'nə̑j 4
Tač́e teatrə̑šte general'nə̑j repeticij liješ.
| Tač́e |
| Tač́e |
| tač́e |
| today |
| ad/av |
|
| teatrə̑šte |
| teatr | -ə̑šte |
| teatr | -šte |
| theater | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| general'nə̑j |
| general'nə̑j |
| general'nə̑j |
| general |
| ad |
|
| repeticij |
| repeticij |
| repeticij |
| rehearsal |
| no |
|
| liješ. |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ. |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
generator 1 (Je. Jagel'din)
(Dežurnə̑j inžener) kažne generatorə̑n mə̑ńar električ́estβə̑m ə̑šten lukmə̑žə̑m keč́-kunamat kalasen kerteš.
| (Dežurnə̑j |
| Dežurnə̑j |
| dežurnə̑j |
| on.watch |
| ad/no |
|
| inžener) |
| inžener |
| inžener |
| engineer |
| no |
|
| kažne |
| kažne |
| kažne |
| each |
| pr |
|
| generatorə̑n |
| generator | -ə̑n |
| generator | -n |
| generator | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| mə̑ńar |
| mə̑ńar |
| mə̑ńar |
| how.many |
| av/co/pr |
|
| električ́estβə̑m |
| električ́estβə̑ | -m |
| električ́estβe | -m |
| electricity | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑šten |
| ə̑št | -en | -Ø |
| ə̑šte | -en | -Ø |
| do | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑šten |
| ə̑št | -en |
| ə̑šte | -en |
| do | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| lukmə̑žə̑m |
| lukmə̑ | -žə̑ | -m |
| lukmo | -že | -m |
| deductible | -3SG | -ACC |
| ad | -poss | -case |
| lukmə̑žə̑m |
| luk | -mə̑ | -žə̑ | -m |
| lukt | -me | -že | -m |
| lead.out | -PTCP.PASS | -3SG | -ACC |
| vb1 | -ad | -poss | -case |
|
| keč́-kunamat |
| keč́-kunam | -at |
| keč́-kunam | -at |
| whenever | -and |
| av/pr | -enc |
|
| kalasen |
| kalas | -en | -Ø |
| kalase | -en | -Ø |
| say | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kalasen |
| kalas | -en |
| kalase | -en |
| say | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kerteš. |
| kert | -eš |
| kert | -eš |
| be.able.to | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| kerteš. |
| kert | -eš |
| kert | -eš |
| swaddle | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
generatornə̑j 1
Generatornə̑j gaz
| Generatornə̑j |
| Generatornə̑j |
| generatornə̑j |
| generative |
| ad |
|
|
generatorə̑so 1 (V. Juksern)
Vedernikoβ ueš generatorə̑so panel'ə̑m nijaltkalen nale, č́ə̑la βoštə̑r sajə̑n, šot dene pižə̑ktə̑me.
| Vedernikoβ |
| Vedernikoβ |
| Vedernikoβ |
| Vedernikov |
| na |
|
| ueš |
| u | -eš |
| u | -eš |
| new | -LAT |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| generatorə̑so |
| generator | -ə̑so |
| generator | -se |
| generator | -ADJ |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| panel'ə̑m |
| panel' | -ə̑m |
| panel' | -m |
| sidewalk | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| nijaltkalen |
| nijaltkalen |
| nijaltkalen |
| feeling |
| av |
| nijaltkalen |
| nijaltkal | -en | -Ø |
| nijaltkale | -en | -Ø |
| stroke | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| nijaltkalen |
| nijaltkal | -en |
| nijaltkale | -en |
| stroke | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| nale, |
| nal'e |
| nal'e |
| soft.red.clay |
| no |
| nale, |
| nal | -'e |
| nal | -Je |
| take | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| everything |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
| βoštə̑r |
| βoštə̑r |
| βoštə̑r |
| twig |
| no |
|
| sajə̑n, |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| well |
| av |
| sajə̑n, |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| each |
| po |
| sajə̑n, |
| saj | -ə̑n |
| saj | -n |
| good | -GEN |
| ad/av | -case |
|
|
|
| pižə̑ktə̑me. |
| pižə̑ktə̑ | -me |
| pižə̑kte | -me |
| hook | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
| pižə̑ktə̑me. |
| piž | -ə̑ktə̑ | -me |
| piž | -kte | -me |
| stick | -CAUS | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -ad |
|
genetika 1
Genetika dene specialist
| Genetika |
| Genetika |
| Genetika |
| Genetika |
| na |
|
|
| specialist |
| specialist |
| specialist |
| specialist |
| no |
|
genetika 2
Akademik Dubinin genetika dene peš tale specialist.
| Akademik |
| Akademik |
| akademik |
| academician |
| no |
|
| Dubinin |
| Dubinin |
| Dubinin |
| Dubinin |
| na |
|
|
|
|
| tale |
| tal'e |
| tal'e |
| glade |
| no |
|
| specialist. |
| specialist |
| specialist |
| specialist |
| no |
|
genial'nə̑j 1
Genial'nə̑j šonə̑maš
| Genial'nə̑j |
| Genial'nə̑j |
| genial'nə̑j |
| brilliant |
| ad |
|
| šonə̑maš |
| šonə̑maš |
| šonə̑maš |
| thought |
| no |
| šonə̑maš |
| šonə̑ | -maš |
| šono | -maš |
| think | -NMLZ |
| vb2 | -deriv.n |
|
genial'nə̑j 2
genial'nə̑j proizβedenij
| genial'nə̑j |
| genial'nə̑j |
| genial'nə̑j |
| brilliant |
| ad |
|
| proizβedenij |
| proizβedenij |
| proizβedenij |
| work |
| no |
|
genial'nə̑j 3
genial'nə̑j uč́onə̑j
| genial'nə̑j |
| genial'nə̑j |
| genial'nə̑j |
| brilliant |
| ad |
|
| uč́onə̑j |
| uč́onə̑j |
| uč́onə̑j |
| scholar |
| ad/no |
|
genial'nə̑j 4 (O. Šabdar)
Južo peš kugu, genial'nə̑j pisatel', ilə̑š č́ə̑nə̑m onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, ške klassšə̑lan βaštareš šogalde kertə̑n ogə̑l.
| Južo |
| Ju | -žo |
| ju | -že |
| magic | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| Južo |
| Ju | -žo |
| ju | -že |
| cool | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| kugu, |
| kugu |
| kugu |
| big |
| ad/no |
|
| genial'nə̑j |
| genial'nə̑j |
| genial'nə̑j |
| brilliant |
| ad |
|
| pisatel', |
| pisatel' |
| pisatel' |
| writer |
| no |
|
| ilə̑š |
| ilə̑š |
| ilə̑š |
| life |
| no |
| ilə̑š |
| ilə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| ile | -š | -Ø |
| live | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| č́ə̑nə̑m |
| č́ə̑n | -ə̑m |
| č́ə̑n | -m |
| truth | -ACC |
| ad/av/no | -case |
|
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑ | -šə̑žla |
| onč́ə̑kto | -šə̑žla |
| show | -CVB.SIM.3SG |
| vb2 | -adv.pers |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑š | -ə̑ž | -la |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑š | -že | -la |
| indicator | -3SG | -COMP |
| no | -poss | -case |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑ | -ž | -la |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šo | -že | -la |
| guide | -3SG | -COMP |
| ad/no | -poss | -case |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑š | -ə̑ž | -la |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑š | -že | -la |
| indicator | -3SG | -PL |
| no | -poss | -num |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑ | -ž | -la |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šo | -že | -la |
| guide | -3SG | -PL |
| ad/no | -poss | -num |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑š | -ə̑ž | -la |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑š | -že | -la |
| indicator | -3SG | -STR |
| no | -poss | -enc |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑ | -ž | -la |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šo | -že | -la |
| guide | -3SG | -STR |
| ad/no | -poss | -enc |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ | -ktə̑ | -šə̑žla |
| onč́o | -kte | -šə̑žla |
| look | -CAUS | -CVB.SIM.3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv.pers |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑ | -šə̑ | -ž | -la |
| onč́ə̑kto | -še | -že | -la |
| show | -PTCP.ACT | -3SG | -COMP |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss | -case |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑ | -šə̑ | -ž | -la |
| onč́ə̑kto | -še | -že | -la |
| show | -PTCP.ACT | -3SG | -PL |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss | -num |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑ | -šə̑ | -ž | -la |
| onč́ə̑kto | -še | -že | -la |
| show | -PTCP.ACT | -3SG | -STR |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss | -enc |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑ | -š | -Ø | -ə̑ž | -la |
| onč́ə̑kto | -š | -Ø | -že | -la |
| show | -PST1 | -3SG | -3SG | -STR |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers | -poss | -enc |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ | -ktə̑ | -šə̑ | -ž | -la |
| onč́o | -kte | -še | -že | -la |
| look | -CAUS | -PTCP.ACT | -3SG | -COMP |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -ad | -poss | -case |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ | -ktə̑ | -šə̑ | -ž | -la |
| onč́o | -kte | -še | -že | -la |
| look | -CAUS | -PTCP.ACT | -3SG | -PL |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -ad | -poss | -num |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ | -ktə̑ | -šə̑ | -ž | -la |
| onč́o | -kte | -še | -že | -la |
| look | -CAUS | -PTCP.ACT | -3SG | -STR |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -ad | -poss | -enc |
| onč́ə̑ktə̑šə̑žla, |
| onč́ə̑ | -ktə̑ | -š | -Ø | -ə̑ž | -la |
| onč́o | -kte | -š | -Ø | -že | -la |
| look | -CAUS | -PST1 | -3SG | -3SG | -STR |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers | -poss | -enc |
|
|
| klassšə̑lan |
| klass | -šə̑ | -lan |
| klass | -že | -lan |
| class | -3SG | -DAT |
| no | -poss | -case |
| klassšə̑lan |
| klass | -šə̑ | -la | -n |
| klass | -že | -la | -n |
| class | -3SG | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -num | -case |
|
| βaštareš |
| βaštareš |
| βaštareš |
| toward |
| ad/av/po |
| βaštareš |
| βaštar | -eš |
| βaštar | -eš |
| maple | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| šogalde |
| šogalde |
| šogalde |
| unceasingly |
| av |
| šogalde |
| šogal | -de |
| šogal | -de |
| stand.up | -CVB.NEG |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| kertə̑n |
| kert | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| kert | -n | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kertə̑n |
| kert | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| kert | -n | -Ø |
| swaddle | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kertə̑n |
| kert | -ə̑n |
| kert | -n |
| be.able.to | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| kertə̑n |
| kert | -ə̑n |
| kert | -n |
| swaddle | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ogə̑l. |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
genial'nə̑j 5 (V. Goroχoβ)
Keneta βujə̑škem genial'nə̑j šonə̑maš tolə̑n purə̑š.
| Keneta |
| Keneta |
| keneta |
| suddenly |
| av |
|
| βujə̑škem |
| βuj | -ə̑šk | -em |
| βuj | -ške | -em |
| head | -ILL | -1SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| genial'nə̑j |
| genial'nə̑j |
| genial'nə̑j |
| brilliant |
| ad |
|
| šonə̑maš |
| šonə̑maš |
| šonə̑maš |
| thought |
| no |
| šonə̑maš |
| šonə̑ | -maš |
| šono | -maš |
| think | -NMLZ |
| vb2 | -deriv.n |
|
| tolə̑n |
| tol | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tol | -n | -Ø |
| come | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tolə̑n |
| tol | -ə̑n |
| tol | -n |
| come | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| purə̑š. |
| purə̑š |
| purə̑š |
| nase |
| no |
| purə̑š. |
| purə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| puro | -š | -Ø |
| go.in | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
genij 1 (V. Kosorotoβ)
Genij kerek-momat tə̑glaj jeŋ deč́ jatə̑r toraške, peš kelgə̑ške užeš, manə̑t.
| Genij |
| Genij |
| genij |
| genius |
| no |
|
| kerek-momat |
| kerek-mo | -m | -at |
| kerek-mo | -m | -at |
| anything | -ACC | -and |
| pr | -case | -enc |
|
| tə̑glaj |
| tə̑glaj |
| tə̑glaj |
| ordinary |
| ad/av/pr |
|
|
|
| jatə̑r |
| jatə̑r |
| jatə̑r |
| much |
| av/no/pr |
|
| toraške, |
| toraške |
| toraške |
| into.the.distance |
| av |
| toraške, |
| tora | -ške |
| tora | -ške |
| gap | -ILL |
| ad/av/no | -case |
|
|
| kelgə̑ške |
| kelgə̑ | -ške |
| kelge | -ške |
| deep | -ILL |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| užeš, |
| už | -eš |
| už | -eš |
| see | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| manə̑t. |
| man | -ə̑t |
| man | -ə̑t |
| say | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
genij 2
Tudo (Lenin) Marksə̑n genijže dene tapten lukmo idejnə̑j oružijžə̑m nigö deč́ č́ot aklen.
|
|
| (Lenin) |
| Lenin |
| Lenin |
| Lenin |
| na |
|
| Marksə̑n |
| Marksə̑n |
| Marksə̑n |
| Marksyn |
| na |
|
| genijže |
| genij | -že |
| genij | -že |
| genius | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| tapten |
| tapt | -en | -Ø |
| tapte | -en | -Ø |
| forge | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| tapten |
| tapt | -en |
| tapte | -en |
| forge | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| lukmo |
| lukmo |
| lukmo |
| deductible |
| ad |
| lukmo |
| luk | -mo |
| lukt | -me |
| lead.out | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| idejnə̑j |
| idejnə̑j |
| idejnə̑j |
| ideological |
| ad |
|
| oružijžə̑m |
| oružij | -žə̑ | -m |
| oružij | -že | -m |
| weapons | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
|
|
|
| aklen. |
| akl | -en | -Ø |
| akle | -en | -Ø |
| assess | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| aklen. |
| akl | -en |
| akle | -en |
| assess | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
geograf 1
Geograflan tunemaš
| Geograflan |
| Geograf | -lan |
| geograf | -lan |
| geographer | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| Geograflan |
| Geograf | -la | -n |
| geograf | -la | -n |
| geographer | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| tunemaš |
| tunem | -aš |
| tunem | -aš |
| learn | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
geograf 2
usta geograf
| usta |
| usta |
| usta |
| skilled |
| ad/no |
|
| geograf |
| geograf |
| geograf |
| geographer |
| no |
|
geograf 3
Iβan Miχajloβič́ geograflan pašam ə̑šta.
|
|
| Miχajloβič́ |
| Miχajloβič́ |
| Miχajloβič́ |
| Mikhaylovich |
| na |
|
| geograflan |
| geograf | -lan |
| geograf | -lan |
| geographer | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| geograflan |
| geograf | -la | -n |
| geograf | -la | -n |
| geographer | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| pašam |
| paša | -m |
| paša | -m |
| work | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| pašam |
| paša | -m |
| paša | -em |
| work | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| pašam |
| paša | -m | -Ø |
| paša | -em | -Ø |
| work | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| pašam |
| paša | -m | -Ø |
| paša | -em | -Ø |
| work | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| pašam |
| paša | -m | -Ø |
| paša | -em | -Ø |
| work | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| ə̑šta. |
| ə̑št | -a |
| ə̑šte | -a |
| do | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
geografij 1
Geografijə̑m tunemaš
| Geografijə̑m |
| Geografij | -ə̑m |
| geografij | -m |
| geography | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| tunemaš |
| tunem | -aš |
| tunem | -aš |
| learn | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
geografij 2
ekonomič́eskij geografij
| ekonomič́eskij |
| ekonomič́eskij |
| ekonomič́eskij |
| economic |
| ad |
|
| geografij |
| geografij |
| geografij |
| geography |
| no |
|
geografij 3 (G. Pirogoβ)
Valentin Nikolajeβič́ Šernur rajon, Mustaj šə̑mijaš školə̑što marij jə̑lmə̑m da literaturə̑m, geografijə̑m tunə̑kta.
| Valentin |
| Valentin |
| Valentin |
| Valentin |
| na |
|
| Nikolajeβič́ |
| Nikolajeβič́ |
| Nikolajeβič́ |
| Nikolayevich |
| na |
|
| Šernur |
| Šernur |
| Šernur |
| Sernur |
| pn |
|
| rajon, |
| rajon |
| rajon |
| district |
| no |
|
| Mustaj |
| Mustaj |
| Mustaj |
| Mustay |
| na |
|
| šə̑mijaš |
| šə̑mijaš |
| šə̑mijaš |
| seven-year |
| ad |
|
| školə̑što |
| škol | -ə̑što |
| škol | -šte |
| school | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| marij |
| marij |
| marij |
| Mari |
| no |
|
| jə̑lmə̑m |
| jə̑lmə̑ | -m |
| jə̑lme | -m |
| tongue | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
|
| literaturə̑m, |
| literatur | -ə̑m |
| literatur | -m |
| literature | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| geografijə̑m |
| geografij | -ə̑m |
| geografij | -m |
| geography | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| tunə̑kta. |
| tunə̑kt | -a |
| tunə̑kto | -a |
| teach | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
geografij 4
Geografij urok
| Geografij |
| Geografij |
| geografij |
| geography |
| no |
|
|
geografij 5 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Geografij kartə̑šte olam, eŋerə̑m, teŋə̑zə̑m, kurə̑klam kə̑č́alə̑na.
| Geografij |
| Geografij |
| geografij |
| geography |
| no |
|
| kartə̑šte |
| kart | -ə̑šte |
| kart | -šte |
| priest | -INE |
| no | -case |
| kartə̑šte |
| kart | -ə̑šte |
| kart | -šte |
| map | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| olam, |
| ola | -m |
| ola | -m |
| city | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| olam, |
| ola | -m |
| ola | -m |
| motley | -ACC |
| ad | -case |
| olam, |
| ola | -m |
| ola | -em |
| city | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| olam, |
| ola | -m |
| ola | -em |
| motley | -1SG |
| ad | -poss |
| olam, |
| ola | -m | -Ø |
| ola | -em | -Ø |
| city | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| olam, |
| ola | -m | -Ø |
| ola | -em | -Ø |
| motley | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| olam, |
| ola | -m | -Ø |
| ola | -em | -Ø |
| city | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| olam, |
| ola | -m | -Ø |
| ola | -em | -Ø |
| motley | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -conn |
| olam, |
| ola | -m | -Ø |
| ola | -em | -Ø |
| city | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
| olam, |
| ola | -m | -Ø |
| ola | -em | -Ø |
| motley | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| eŋerə̑m, |
| eŋer | -ə̑m |
| eŋer | -m |
| river | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| eŋerə̑m, |
| eŋer | -ə̑m |
| eŋer | -m |
| saddle | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| teŋə̑zə̑m, |
| teŋə̑z | -ə̑m |
| teŋə̑z | -m |
| sea | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kurə̑klam |
| kurə̑k | -la | -m |
| kurə̑k | -la | -m |
| mountain | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -num | -case |
| kurə̑klam |
| kurə̑k | -la | -m |
| kurə̑k | -la | -em |
| mountain | -COMP | -1SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
| kurə̑klam |
| kurə̑k | -la | -m |
| kurə̑k | -la | -em |
| mountain | -PL | -1SG |
| no | -num | -poss |
|
| kə̑č́alə̑na. |
| kə̑č́al | -ə̑na |
| kə̑č́al | -na |
| search | -1PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
geografič́eskij 1
Geografič́eskij koordinat-βlak
| Geografič́eskij |
| Geografič́eskij |
| geografič́eskij |
| geographic |
| ad |
|
| koordinat-βlak |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
geografič́eskij 2
geografič́eskij širota
| geografič́eskij |
| geografič́eskij |
| geografič́eskij |
| geographic |
| ad |
|
| širota |
| širota |
| širota |
| latitude |
| no |
|
geografič́eskij 3 (K. Vasin)
Č́erńakoβə̑n paša ə̑štə̑me pölemə̑štə̑že geografič́eskij karta keč́en.
| Č́erńakoβə̑n |
| Č́erńakoβə̑n |
| Č́erńakoβə̑n |
| Cherńakovyn |
| na |
|
|
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| done |
| ad |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑ | -me |
| ə̑šte | -me |
| do | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| pölemə̑štə̑že |
| pölem | -ə̑štə̑ | -že |
| pölem | -šte | -že |
| room | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| geografič́eskij |
| geografič́eskij |
| geografič́eskij |
| geographic |
| ad |
|
| karta |
| karta |
| karta |
| abomasum |
| no |
|
| keč́en. |
| keč́ | -en | -Ø |
| keč́e | -en | -Ø |
| hang | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| keč́en. |
| keč́ | -en |
| keč́e | -en |
| hang | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
geodezij 1
Mə̑j geodezijə̑m tunemam.
|
|
| geodezijə̑m |
| geodezij | -ə̑m |
| geodezij | -m |
| geodesy | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| tunemam. |
| tunem | -am |
| tunem | -am |
| learn | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
geodezist 1
Geodezistlan ə̑štaš
| Geodezistlan |
| Geodezist | -lan |
| geodezist | -lan |
| land.surveyor | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| Geodezistlan |
| Geodezist | -la | -n |
| geodezist | -la | -n |
| land.surveyor | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| ə̑štaš |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
geodezič́eskij 1
Geodezič́eskij pribor
| Geodezič́eskij |
| Geodezič́eskij |
| geodezič́eskij |
| geodesic |
| ad |
|
| pribor |
| pribor |
| pribor |
| instrument |
| no |
|
geodezič́eskij 2
geodezič́eskij plan
| geodezič́eskij |
| geodezič́eskij |
| geodezič́eskij |
| geodesic |
| ad |
|
|
geodezič́eskij 3 (M. Šketan)
Mə̑lanna geodezič́eskij plan ok site, geofizič́eskij plan küleš.
| Mə̑lanna |
| mə̑ | -lan | -na |
| me | -lan | -na |
| 1PL | -DAT | -1PL |
| pr | -case | -poss |
|
| geodezič́eskij |
| geodezič́eskij |
| geodezič́eskij |
| geodesic |
| ad |
|
|
| ok |
| ok | -Ø |
| ok | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| site, |
| site | -Ø |
| site | -Ø |
| suffice | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| site, |
| site | -Ø |
| site | -Ø |
| suffice | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| geofizič́eskij |
| geofizič́eskij |
| geofizič́eskij |
| geophysical |
| ad |
|
|
| küleš. |
| küleš |
| küleš |
| need |
| ad/no |
| küleš. |
| kül | -eš |
| kül | -eš |
| be.necessary | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
geolog 1
Geolog lijaš
| Geolog |
| Geolog |
| geolog |
| geologist |
| no |
|
| lijaš |
| lij | -aš |
| lij | -aš |
| be | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
geolog 2 (A. Murzašeβ)
Geolog-βlakə̑n šonə̑mə̑št poč́eš, tendan kundemə̑šte neft' lijšaš.
| Geolog-βlakə̑n |
| Geolog | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| geolog | -βlak | -n |
| geologist | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| šonə̑mə̑št |
| šonə̑mə̑ | -št |
| šonə̑mo | -št |
| desired | -3PL |
| ad | -poss |
| šonə̑mə̑št |
| šonə̑ | -mə̑ | -št |
| šono | -me | -št |
| think | -PTCP.PASS | -3PL |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss |
|
| poč́eš, |
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| recent |
| ad/av/po |
| poč́eš, |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| tail | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| poč́eš, |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| open | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| tendan |
| ten | -da | -n |
| te | -da | -n |
| 2PL | -2PL | -GEN |
| pr | -poss | -case |
| tendan |
| te | -n | -da | -n |
| te | -n | -da | -n |
| 2PL | -GEN | -2PL | -GEN |
| pr | -case | -poss | -case |
|
| kundemə̑šte |
| kundem | -ə̑šte |
| kundem | -šte |
| region | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| lijšaš. |
| lijšaš |
| lijšaš |
| coming |
| ad |
| lijšaš. |
| lij | -šaš |
| lij | -šaš |
| be | -PTCP.FUT |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
geologij 1
Geologijə̑m tunemaš
| Geologijə̑m |
| Geologij | -ə̑m |
| geologij | -m |
| geology | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| tunemaš |
| tunem | -aš |
| tunem | -aš |
| learn | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
geologič́eskij 1
Geologič́eskij razβedka
| Geologič́eskij |
| Geologič́eskij |
| geologič́eskij |
| geologic |
| ad |
|
|
geologorazβedoč́nə̑j 1
Geologorazβedoč́nə̑j paša
| Geologorazβedoč́nə̑j |
| Geologorazβedoč́nə̑j |
| geologorazβedoč́nə̑j |
| geological.exploration |
| ad |
|
|
geologorazβedoč́nə̑j 2
U βič́ijašə̑šte geologorazβedoč́nə̑j pašam eše utlarak kumdan da βijan ə̑šten šogaš tüŋalə̑t.
|
|
| βič́ijašə̑šte |
| βič́ijaš | -ə̑šte |
| βič́ijaš | -šte |
| five-year | -INE |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| geologorazβedoč́nə̑j |
| geologorazβedoč́nə̑j |
| geologorazβedoč́nə̑j |
| geological.exploration |
| ad |
|
| pašam |
| paša | -m |
| paša | -m |
| work | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| pašam |
| paša | -m |
| paša | -em |
| work | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| pašam |
| paša | -m | -Ø |
| paša | -em | -Ø |
| work | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| pašam |
| paša | -m | -Ø |
| paša | -em | -Ø |
| work | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| pašam |
| paša | -m | -Ø |
| paša | -em | -Ø |
| work | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| eše |
| eše | -Ø |
| eše | -Ø |
| fall.heavily | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| eše |
| eše | -Ø |
| eše | -Ø |
| fall.heavily | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| utlarak |
| utlarak |
| utlarak |
| more |
| av |
| utlarak |
| utla | -rak |
| utla | -rak |
| more | -COMP |
| av/po | -deg |
| utlarak |
| utl | -a | -rak |
| utlo | -a | -rak |
| escape | -3SG | -COMP |
| vb2 | -pers | -deg |
|
| kumdan |
| kumdan |
| kumdan |
| widely |
| av |
| kumdan |
| kumda | -n |
| kumda | -an |
| wide | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| kumdan |
| kumda | -n |
| kumda | -n |
| wide | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| kumdan |
| kum | -da | -n |
| kum | -da | -n |
| godfather.of.one's.child | -2PL | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -case |
| kumdan |
| kum | -da | -n |
| kum | -da | -n |
| three | -2PL | -GEN |
| nm | -poss | -case |
|
|
| βijan |
| βijan |
| βijan |
| strong |
| ad/av |
| βijan |
| βij | -an |
| βij | -an |
| power | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| ə̑šten |
| ə̑št | -en | -Ø |
| ə̑šte | -en | -Ø |
| do | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑šten |
| ə̑št | -en |
| ə̑šte | -en |
| do | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šogaš |
| šoga | -š |
| šoga | -š |
| plough | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| šogaš |
| šoga | -š |
| šoga | -eš |
| plough | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šogaš |
| šog | -aš |
| šogo | -aš |
| stand | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| tüŋalə̑t. |
| tüŋal | -ə̑t |
| tüŋal | -ə̑t |
| start | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
geometrij 1
Geometrij urok
| Geometrij |
| Geometrij |
| geometrij |
| geometry |
| no |
|
|
geometrij 2 (A. Erə̑kan)
Vödə̑r fizikə̑mat, geometrijə̑mat sajə̑n pala ulmaš.
| Vödə̑r |
| Vödə̑r |
| Vödə̑r |
| Vödyr |
| na |
|
| fizikə̑mat, |
| fizik | -ə̑m | -at |
| fizik | -m | -at |
| physicist | -ACC | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
| fizikə̑mat, |
| fizikə̑ | -m | -at |
| fizike | -m | -at |
| physics | -ACC | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
|
| geometrijə̑mat |
| geometrij | -ə̑m | -at |
| geometrij | -m | -at |
| geometry | -ACC | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
|
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| well |
| av |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| each |
| po |
| sajə̑n |
| saj | -ə̑n |
| saj | -n |
| good | -GEN |
| ad/av | -case |
|
| pala |
| pal | -a |
| pale | -a |
| know | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| ulmaš. |
| ulmaš |
| ulmaš |
| being |
| no/pa/vb |
| ulmaš. |
| ul | -maš |
| ul | -maš |
| be | -NMLZ |
| vb1 | -deriv.n |
|
geometrič́eskij 1
Geometrič́eskij zadač́a
| Geometrič́eskij |
| Geometrič́eskij |
| geometrič́eskij |
| geometric |
| ad |
|
|
geometrič́eskij 2
geometrič́eskij figura
| geometrič́eskij |
| geometrič́eskij |
| geometrič́eskij |
| geometric |
| ad |
|
|
geometrič́eskij 3
Kβadrat – tide geometrič́eskij figura.
| Kβadrat – |
| Kβadrat |
| kβadrat |
| square |
| no |
|
| tide |
| tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| tide |
| tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| geometrič́eskij |
| geometrič́eskij |
| geometrič́eskij |
| geometric |
| ad |
|
|
georgin 1
Georginə̑m onč́en kuštaš
| Georginə̑m |
| Georgin | -ə̑m |
| georgin | -m |
| dahlia | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| onč́en |
| onč́ | -en | -Ø |
| onč́o | -en | -Ø |
| look | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| onč́en |
| onč́ | -en |
| onč́o | -en |
| look | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kuštaš |
| kušt | -aš |
| kušto | -aš |
| grow | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| kuštaš |
| kušt | -aš |
| kušto | -aš |
| dance | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
georgin 2 («Mar. kom.»)
Jüštö tolmeš sad-pakč́ašte georgin sə̑lnešt šoga.
| Jüštö |
| Jüštö |
| jüštö |
| cold |
| ad/no |
|
| tolmeš |
| tolm | -eš |
| tolmo | -eš |
| arrival | -LAT |
| ad | -case |
| tolmeš |
| tol | -meš |
| tol | -meš |
| come | -CVB.FUT |
| vb1 | -adv |
| tolmeš |
| tol | -m | -eš |
| tol | -me | -eš |
| come | -PTCP.PASS | -LAT |
| vb1 | -ad | -case |
|
| sad-pakč́ašte |
| sad-pakč́a | -šte |
| sad-pakč́a | -šte |
| orchard | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| georgin |
| georgin |
| georgin |
| dahlia |
| no |
|
| sə̑lnešt |
| sə̑lnešt | -Ø |
| sə̑lnešt | -Ø |
| be.adorned | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| sə̑lnešt |
| sə̑lnešt | -Ø |
| sə̑lnešt | -Ø |
| be.adorned | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| sə̑lnešt |
| sə̑lnešt | -Ø |
| sə̑lnešt | -Ø |
| be.adorned | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| šoga. |
| šoga |
| šoga |
| plough |
| no |
| šoga. |
| šog | -a |
| šogo | -a |
| stand | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
geofizika 1
Geofizika dene specialist
| Geofizika |
| Geofizika |
| Geofizika |
| Geofizika |
| na |
|
|
| specialist |
| specialist |
| specialist |
| specialist |
| no |
|
geofizika 2 (M. Šketan)
Vojennə̑j kursə̑što geofizikə̑m tunə̑ktenə̑t βet?
| Vojennə̑j |
| Vojennə̑j |
| βojennə̑j |
| war |
| ad/no |
|
| kursə̑što |
| kurs | -ə̑što |
| kurs | -šte |
| course | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| geofizikə̑m |
| geofizik | -ə̑m |
| geofizik | -m |
| geophysicist | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| geofizikə̑m |
| geofizikə̑ | -m |
| geofizike | -m |
| geophysics | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| tunə̑ktenə̑t |
| tunə̑kt | -en | -ə̑t |
| tunə̑kto | -en | -ə̑t |
| teach | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
|
geofizič́eskij 1
Geofizič́eskij stancij
| Geofizič́eskij |
| Geofizič́eskij |
| geofizič́eskij |
| geophysical |
| ad |
|
| stancij |
| stancij |
| stancij |
| station |
| no |
|
geofizič́eskij 2
geofizič́eskij plan
| geofizič́eskij |
| geofizič́eskij |
| geofizič́eskij |
| geophysical |
| ad |
|
|
geofizič́eskij 3 («Mar. kom.»)
Bikroβ uš́š́el'ješte geofizič́eskij stancij ə̑štalteš.
| Bikroβ |
| Bikroβ |
| Bikroβ |
| Bikrov |
| na |
|
| uš́š́el'ješte |
| uš́š́el'je | -šte |
| uš́š́el'je | -šte |
| gorge | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| geofizič́eskij |
| geofizič́eskij |
| geofizič́eskij |
| geophysical |
| ad |
|
| stancij |
| stancij |
| stancij |
| station |
| no |
|
| ə̑štalteš. |
| ə̑štalt | -eš |
| ə̑štalt | -eš |
| be.done | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| ə̑štalteš. |
| ə̑št | -alt | -eš |
| ə̑šte | -alt | -eš |
| do | -REF | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -pers |
|
gerań 1
Gerań peledeš
| Gerań |
| Gerań |
| gerań |
| geranium |
| no |
|
| peledeš |
| peled | -eš |
| peled | -eš |
| flower | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gerań 2
oš gerań
|
|
| gerań |
| gerań |
| gerań |
| geranium |
| no |
|
gerań 3
joškar gerań
| joškar |
| joškar |
| joškar |
| red |
| ad |
|
| gerań |
| gerań |
| gerań |
| geranium |
| no |
|
gerań 4 (A. Juzə̑kajn)
Pialč́ə̑n jə̑rgeške jə̑raŋže pokšeke gerańə̑m šə̑ndaš küleš, mane.
| Pialč́ə̑n |
| Pialč́ə̑ | -n |
| pialč́e | -n |
| fortunate | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| jə̑rgeške |
| jə̑rgeške |
| jə̑rgeške |
| round |
| ad |
| jə̑rgeške |
| jə̑rge | -ške |
| jə̑rge | -ške |
| district | -ILL |
| ad/av/no/po | -case |
| jə̑rgeške |
| jə̑rgeške | -Ø |
| jə̑rgeške | -Ø |
| become.rounder | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| jə̑rgeške |
| jə̑rgeške | -Ø |
| jə̑rgeške | -Ø |
| become.rounder | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| jə̑raŋže |
| jə̑raŋ | -že |
| jə̑raŋ | -že |
| bed | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| jə̑raŋže |
| jə̑ra | -ŋ | -že |
| jə̑ra | -aŋ | -že |
| buttermilk | -TRANS | -IMP.3SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| jə̑raŋže |
| jə̑r | -aŋ | -že |
| jə̑r | -aŋ | -že |
| around | -TRANS | -IMP.3SG |
| ad/av/no/po | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| jə̑raŋže |
| jə̑ra | -ŋ | -Ø | -že |
| jə̑ra | -aŋ | -Ø | -že |
| buttermilk | -TRANS | -CNG | -3SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn | -poss |
| jə̑raŋže |
| jə̑r | -aŋ | -Ø | -že |
| jə̑r | -aŋ | -Ø | -že |
| around | -TRANS | -CNG | -3SG |
| ad/av/no/po | -deriv.v | -conn | -poss |
| jə̑raŋže |
| jə̑ra | -ŋ | -Ø | -že |
| jə̑ra | -aŋ | -Ø | -že |
| buttermilk | -TRANS | -CVB | -3SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv | -poss |
| jə̑raŋže |
| jə̑r | -aŋ | -Ø | -že |
| jə̑r | -aŋ | -Ø | -že |
| around | -TRANS | -CVB | -3SG |
| ad/av/no/po | -deriv.v | -adv | -poss |
|
| pokšeke |
| pokšeke |
| pokšeke |
| into.the.middle |
| av/po |
|
| gerańə̑m |
| gerań | -ə̑m |
| gerań | -m |
| geranium | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šə̑ndaš |
| šə̑nd | -aš |
| šə̑nde | -aš |
| put | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| küleš, |
| küleš |
| küleš |
| need |
| ad/no |
| küleš, |
| kül | -eš |
| kül | -eš |
| be.necessary | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| mane. |
| man | -'e |
| man | -Je |
| say | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gerb 1
Joškar-Olan gerbše
| Joškar-Olan |
| Joškar-Ola | -n |
| Joškar-Ola | -an |
| Yoshkar-Ola | -with |
| pn | -deriv.ad |
| Joškar-Olan |
| Joškar-Ola | -n |
| Joškar-Ola | -n |
| Yoshkar-Ola | -GEN |
| pn | -case |
|
| gerbše |
| gerb | -še |
| gerb | -že |
| coat.of.arms | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
gerb 2
SSSR-ə̑n gerbše
| SSSR-ə̑n |
| SSSR-ə̑n |
| SSSR-ə̑n |
| SSSR-yn |
| na |
|
| gerbše |
| gerb | -še |
| gerb | -že |
| coat.of.arms | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
gerb 3 («Pioner jük»)
Kažne elə̑n kum simβolžo – gerb, flag da gimn ulo.
| Kažne |
| Kažne |
| kažne |
| each |
| pr |
|
| elə̑n |
| el | -ə̑n |
| el | -n |
| land | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| kum |
| kum |
| kum |
| godfather.of.one's.child |
| no |
|
| simβolžo – |
| simβol | -žo |
| simβol | -že |
| symbol | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| gerb, |
| gerb |
| gerb |
| coat.of.arms |
| no |
|
|
|
|
|
gerban 1
Gerban znak
| Gerban |
| Gerban |
| gerban |
| bearing.a.coat.of.arms |
| ad |
| Gerban |
| Gerb | -an |
| gerb | -an |
| coat.of.arms | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
gerban 2
gerban peč́at'
| gerban |
| gerban |
| gerban |
| bearing.a.coat.of.arms |
| ad |
| gerban |
| gerb | -an |
| gerb | -an |
| coat.of.arms | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| peč́at' |
| peč́at' |
| peč́at' |
| seal |
| no |
|
gerban 3
gerban poldə̑š
| gerban |
| gerban |
| gerban |
| bearing.a.coat.of.arms |
| ad |
| gerban |
| gerb | -an |
| gerb | -an |
| coat.of.arms | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| poldə̑š |
| poldə̑š |
| poldə̑š |
| button |
| no |
|
gerban 4 («Mar. kom.»)
Č́ögə̑t-sorlan, soβet gerban, joškar koman u dokumentə̑m nalə̑n, tek kažne jeŋ tudə̑m šinč́asortala arala.
| Č́ögə̑t-sorlan, |
| Č́ögə̑t-sorlan |
| č́ögə̑t-sorlan |
| with.a.hammer.and.sickle |
| ad |
| Č́ögə̑t-sorlan, |
| Č́ögə̑t-sorla | -n |
| č́ögə̑t-sorla | -an |
| hammer.and.sickle | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| Č́ögə̑t-sorlan, |
| Č́ögə̑t-sorla | -n |
| č́ögə̑t-sorla | -n |
| hammer.and.sickle | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| soβet |
| soβet |
| soβet |
| council |
| no |
| soβet |
| soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| palm | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| soβet |
| soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| slap | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| gerban, |
| gerban |
| gerban |
| bearing.a.coat.of.arms |
| ad |
| gerban, |
| gerb | -an |
| gerb | -an |
| coat.of.arms | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| joškar |
| joškar |
| joškar |
| red |
| ad |
|
| koman |
| koman |
| koman |
| surfaced |
| ad |
| koman |
| koma | -n |
| koma | -an |
| otter | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| koman |
| kom | -an |
| kom | -an |
| surface | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| koman |
| kom | -an |
| komo | -an |
| coma | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| koman |
| koma | -n |
| koma | -n |
| otter | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| take.care.of | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| stroke | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| dokumentə̑m |
| dokument | -ə̑m |
| dokument | -m |
| document | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| nalə̑n, |
| nal | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| nal | -n | -Ø |
| take | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| nalə̑n, |
| nal | -ə̑n |
| nal | -n |
| take | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
|
| kažne |
| kažne |
| kažne |
| each |
| pr |
|
|
| tudə̑m |
| tudə̑m |
| tudə̑m |
| him/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑m |
| tudo | -m |
| tudo | -m |
| 3SG | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
| šinč́asortala |
| šinč́asorta | -la |
| šinč́asorta | -la |
| pupil | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| šinč́asortala |
| šinč́asorta | -la |
| šinč́asorta | -la |
| pupil | -PL |
| no | -num |
| šinč́asortala |
| šinč́asorta | -la |
| šinč́asorta | -la |
| pupil | -STR |
| no | -enc |
|
| arala. |
| ara | -la |
| ara | -la |
| body | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| arala. |
| ara | -la |
| ara | -la |
| body | -PL |
| no | -num |
| arala. |
| ara | -la |
| ara | -la |
| body | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| arala. |
| aral | -a |
| arale | -a |
| defend | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| arala. |
| ar | -a | -la |
| are | -a | -la |
| borrow | -3SG | -STR |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
|
gerbarij 1 (A. Ajzenβort)
– Ege, rβeze-βlak, te, užamat, tič́maš gerbarijə̑m pogenda, – nunə̑n šeŋgelne Vödə̑r Iβanə̑č́ə̑n jükšö šoktə̑š.
|
|
| rβeze-βlak, |
| rβeze | -βlak |
| rβeze | -βlak |
| young.man | -PL |
| ad/no | -num |
|
|
| užamat, |
| užamat |
| užamat |
| as.I.see |
| pa |
| užamat, |
| už | -am | -at |
| už | -am | -at |
| see | -1SG | -and |
| vb1 | -pers | -enc |
|
| tič́maš |
| tič́maš |
| tič́maš |
| whole |
| ad/av/no |
|
| gerbarijə̑m |
| gerbarij | -ə̑m |
| gerbarij | -m |
| herbarium | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| pogenda, – |
| pog | -en | -da |
| pogo | -en | -da |
| gather | -PST2 | -2PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| nunə̑n |
| nunə̑n |
| nunə̑n |
| their |
| pr |
| nunə̑n |
| nuno | -n |
| nuno | -n |
| 3PL | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| šeŋgelne |
| šeŋgelne |
| šeŋgelne |
| behind |
| av/po |
|
| Vödə̑r |
| Vödə̑r |
| Vödə̑r |
| Vödyr |
| na |
|
| Iβanə̑č́ə̑n |
| Iβanə̑č́ə̑n |
| Iβanə̑č́ə̑n |
| Ivanychyn |
| na |
|
| jükšö |
| jük | -šö |
| jük | -že |
| voice | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| jükšö |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| cool.down | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| jükšö |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| cool.down | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| šoktə̑š. |
| šoktə̑š |
| šoktə̑š |
| bran |
| no |
| šoktə̑š. |
| šoktə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| šokto | -š | -Ø |
| be.heard | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gerbarij 2 (A. Ajzenβort)
– Ol'oš, gerbarij papkə̑m jamdə̑le, me tə̑j denet šudə̑m pogaš tüŋalə̑na, – Jura mešak rudə̑šə̑la ojla.
| Ol'oš, |
| Ol'oš |
| Ol'oš |
| Ol'osh |
| na |
|
| gerbarij |
| gerbarij |
| gerbarij |
| herbarium |
| no |
|
| papkə̑m |
| papkə̑ | -m |
| papke | -m |
| folder | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| jamdə̑le, |
| jamdə̑le | -Ø |
| jamdə̑le | -Ø |
| prepare | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| jamdə̑le, |
| jamdə̑le | -Ø |
| jamdə̑le | -Ø |
| prepare | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
|
|
| denet |
| den | -et |
| dene | -et |
| with | -2SG |
| po | -poss |
|
| šudə̑m |
| šudə̑ | -m |
| šudo | -m |
| grass | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| pogaš |
| pog | -aš |
| pogo | -aš |
| gather | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| tüŋalə̑na, – |
| tüŋal | -ə̑na |
| tüŋal | -na |
| start | -1PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
|
| mešak |
| me | -š | -ak |
| me | -š | -ak |
| 1PL | -ILL | -STR |
| pr | -case | -enc |
| mešak |
| me | -š | -ak |
| me | -eš | -ak |
| we | -LAT | -STR |
| pr | -case | -enc |
|
| rudə̑šə̑la |
| rudə̑ | -šə̑la |
| rudo | -šə̑la |
| untie | -CVB.SIM |
| vb2 | -adv |
| rudə̑šə̑la |
| rudə̑ | -šə̑ | -la |
| rudo | -še | -la |
| untie | -PTCP.ACT | -COMP |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
| rudə̑šə̑la |
| rudə̑ | -šə̑ | -la |
| rudo | -še | -la |
| untie | -PTCP.ACT | -PL |
| vb2 | -ad | -num |
| rudə̑šə̑la |
| rudə̑ | -šə̑ | -la |
| rudo | -še | -la |
| untie | -PTCP.ACT | -STR |
| vb2 | -ad | -enc |
|
| ojla. |
| oj | -la |
| oj | -la |
| opinion | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| ojla. |
| oj | -la |
| oj | -la |
| opinion | -PL |
| no | -num |
| ojla. |
| oj | -la |
| oj | -la |
| opinion | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| ojla. |
| oj | -la |
| oj | -la |
| oh | -STR |
| in | -enc |
| ojla. |
| ojl | -a |
| ojlo | -a |
| talk | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| ojla. |
| oj | -Ø | -la |
| ojo | -Ø | -la |
| fast | -CNG | -STR |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
| ojla. |
| oj | -Ø | -la |
| ojo | -Ø | -la |
| fear | -CNG | -STR |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
gerbarijlə̑k 1 (V. Juksern)
Kažne kommunarə̑n kidə̑štə̑že gerbarijlə̑k šudo aršaš.
| Kažne |
| Kažne |
| kažne |
| each |
| pr |
|
| kommunarə̑n |
| kommunar | -ə̑n |
| kommunar | -n |
| communard | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| kidə̑štə̑že |
| kid | -ə̑štə̑ | -že |
| kid | -šte | -že |
| hand | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| gerbarijlə̑k |
| gerbarij | -lə̑k |
| gerbarij | -lə̑k |
| herbarium | -for |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
| aršaš. |
| aršaš |
| aršaš |
| bouquet |
| no |
|
gerbicid 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Tenij šükšudə̑m pə̑taraš gerbicidə̑m kumdan kuč́ə̑ltə̑t.
| Tenij |
| Tenij |
| tenij |
| this.year |
| av |
|
| šükšudə̑m |
| šükšudə̑ | -m |
| šükšudo | -m |
| weed | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| pə̑taraš |
| pə̑tar | -aš |
| pə̑tare | -aš |
| finish | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| gerbicidə̑m |
| gerbicid | -ə̑m |
| gerbicid | -m |
| herbicide | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kumdan |
| kumdan |
| kumdan |
| widely |
| av |
| kumdan |
| kumda | -n |
| kumda | -an |
| wide | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| kumdan |
| kumda | -n |
| kumda | -n |
| wide | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| kumdan |
| kum | -da | -n |
| kum | -da | -n |
| godfather.of.one's.child | -2PL | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -case |
| kumdan |
| kum | -da | -n |
| kum | -da | -n |
| three | -2PL | -GEN |
| nm | -poss | -case |
|
| kuč́ə̑ltə̑t. |
| kuč́ə̑lt | -ə̑t |
| kuč́ə̑lt | -ə̑t |
| hold | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gerboβə̑j 1
Gerboβə̑j peč́at'
| Gerboβə̑j |
| Gerboβə̑j |
| gerboβə̑j |
| bearing.a.coat.of.arms |
| ad |
|
| peč́at' |
| peč́at' |
| peč́at' |
| seal |
| no |
|
gerboβə̑j 2 (S. Č́aβajn)
Kagaz č́ə̑la forma dene βozə̑mo, daže gerboβə̑j markat pə̑štə̑me.
| Kagaz |
| Kagaz |
| kagaz |
| paper |
| no |
|
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| everything |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
|
|
| βozə̑mo, |
| βozə̑mo |
| βozə̑mo |
| written |
| ad |
| βozə̑mo, |
| βozə̑ | -mo |
| βozo | -me |
| write | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| daže |
| daže |
| daže |
| even |
| co/pa |
| daže |
| da | -že |
| da | -že |
| and | -3SG |
| co | -poss |
| daže |
| da | -že |
| da | -že |
| yes | -3SG |
| pa | -poss |
|
| gerboβə̑j |
| gerboβə̑j |
| gerboβə̑j |
| bearing.a.coat.of.arms |
| ad |
|
| markat |
| mark | -at |
| marke | -at |
| stamp | -and |
| no | -enc |
| markat |
| mark | -at |
| marke | -at |
| up.to | -and |
| po | -enc |
|
| pə̑štə̑me. |
| pə̑štə̑me |
| pə̑štə̑me |
| put |
| ad |
| pə̑štə̑me. |
| pə̑štə̑ | -me |
| pə̑šte | -me |
| put | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
german 1 (A. Juzə̑kajn)
Kunar jeŋə̑n č́onžə̑m koč́ko tide kaβaršašlə̑k german!
| Kunar |
| Kunar |
| kunar |
| how.many |
| av/co/pr |
|
| jeŋə̑n |
| jeŋ | -ə̑n |
| jeŋ | -n |
| person | -GEN |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| č́onžə̑m |
| č́on | -žə̑ | -m |
| č́on | -že | -m |
| soul | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| koč́ko |
| koč́k | -o |
| koč́k | -Je |
| eat | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| tide |
| tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| tide |
| tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| kaβaršašlə̑k |
| kaβaršaš | -lə̑k |
| kaβaršaš | -lə̑k |
| damned | -for |
| ad/in | -deriv.ad |
|
| german! |
| german |
| german |
| Teuton |
| no |
|
german 2 (N. Lekajn)
Ač́aže tošto german sarə̑š kajen da möŋgeš pörtə̑lə̑n ogə̑l, uβer deč́ posna jomə̑n.
| Ač́aže |
| Ač́aže |
| ač́aže |
| my.dear |
| no |
| Ač́aže |
| Ač́a | -že |
| ač́a | -že |
| father | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| tošto |
| tošto |
| tošto |
| old |
| ad/no |
| tošto |
| toš | -to |
| toš | -šte |
| butt | -INE |
| no | -case |
| tošto |
| tošt | -o |
| tošt | -Je |
| dare | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| german |
| german |
| german |
| Teuton |
| no |
|
| sarə̑š |
| sar | -ə̑š |
| sar | -š |
| war | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| sarə̑š |
| sar | -ə̑š |
| sar | -š |
| yellow | -ILL |
| ad | -case |
| sarə̑š |
| sarə̑ | -š |
| sare | -š |
| yellow | -ILL |
| ad | -case |
|
| kajen |
| kaj | -en | -Ø |
| kaje | -en | -Ø |
| go | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kajen |
| kaj | -en |
| kaje | -en |
| go | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
|
| möŋgeš |
| möŋgeš |
| möŋgeš |
| back |
| ad/av |
| möŋgeš |
| möŋg | -eš |
| möŋgö | -eš |
| home | -LAT |
| av/no/po | -case |
|
| pörtə̑lə̑n |
| pörtə̑l | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| pörtə̑l | -n | -Ø |
| return | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| pörtə̑lə̑n |
| pörtə̑l | -ə̑n |
| pörtə̑l | -n |
| return | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ogə̑l, |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
|
|
| posna |
| posna |
| posna |
| isolated |
| ad/av |
|
| jomə̑n. |
| jom | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| jom | -n | -Ø |
| disappear | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| jomə̑n. |
| jom | -ə̑n |
| jom | -n |
| disappear | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
germanskij 1 (V. Iβanoβ)
Seβernə̑j Afrikə̑šte ital'janskij den germanskij βojska-βlak anglič́an βaštareš kredalə̑t.
| Seβernə̑j |
| Seβernə̑j |
| Seβernə̑j |
| Severnyy |
| na |
|
| Afrikə̑šte |
| Afrik | -ə̑šte |
| afrik | -šte |
| African | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Afrikə̑šte |
| Afrikə̑ | -šte |
| Afrike | -šte |
| Africa | -INE |
| pn | -case |
|
| ital'janskij |
| ital'janskij |
| ital'janskij |
| Italian |
| ad |
|
|
| germanskij |
| germanskij |
| germanskij |
| Germanic |
| ad |
|
| βojska-βlak |
| βojska | -βlak |
| βojska | -βlak |
| troops | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| anglič́an |
| anglič́an |
| anglič́an |
| Englishman |
| no |
|
| βaštareš |
| βaštareš |
| βaštareš |
| toward |
| ad/av/po |
| βaštareš |
| βaštar | -eš |
| βaštar | -eš |
| maple | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| kredalə̑t. |
| kredal | -ə̑t |
| kredal | -ə̑t |
| fight | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
geroizm 1
Paša geroizm
|
|
| geroizm |
| geroizm |
| geroizm |
| heroism |
| no |
|
geroizm 2
soβet kalə̑kə̑n geroizmže
| soβet |
| soβet |
| soβet |
| council |
| no |
| soβet |
| soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| palm | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| soβet |
| soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| slap | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| kalə̑kə̑n |
| kalə̑k | -ə̑n |
| kalə̑k | -n |
| people | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| geroizmže |
| geroizm | -že |
| geroizm | -že |
| heroism | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
geroizm 3 (M.-Azmekej)
Bandit-šamə̑č́ə̑m kuč́ə̑mašte pogranič́nik den kolχoznik-šamə̑č́ geroizmə̑štə̑m raš onč́ə̑ktenə̑t.
| Bandit-šamə̑č́ə̑m |
| Bandit | -šamə̑č́ | -ə̑m |
| bandit | -šamə̑č́ | -m |
| bandit | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| kuč́ə̑mašte |
| kuč́ə̑maš | -te |
| kuč́ə̑maš | -šte |
| holding | -INE |
| no | -case |
| kuč́ə̑mašte |
| kuč́ə̑ | -maš | -te |
| kuč́o | -maš | -šte |
| hold | -NMLZ | -INE |
| vb2 | -deriv.n | -case |
|
| pogranič́nik |
| pogranič́nik |
| pogranič́nik |
| border.guard |
| no |
|
|
| kolχoznik-šamə̑č́ |
| kolχoznik | -šamə̑č́ |
| kolχoznik | -šamə̑č́ |
| collective.farmer | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| geroizmə̑štə̑m |
| geroizm | -ə̑št | -ə̑m |
| geroizm | -št | -m |
| heroism | -3PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
|
| onč́ə̑ktenə̑t. |
| onč́ə̑kt | -en | -ə̑t |
| onč́ə̑kto | -en | -ə̑t |
| show | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| onč́ə̑ktenə̑t. |
| onč́ə̑ | -kt | -en | -ə̑t |
| onč́o | -kte | -en | -ə̑t |
| look | -CAUS | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
|
geroika 1
Reβol'ucijə̑n geroikə̑že
| Reβol'ucijə̑n |
| Reβol'ucij | -ə̑n |
| reβol'ucij | -n |
| revolution | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| geroikə̑že |
| geroikə̑ | -že |
| geroike | -že |
| heroics | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
geroika 2
paša geroika
geroika 3 (A. Asə̑lbajeβ)
Memnan literatura entuziazm da geroika dene šə̑ŋdaraltə̑n.
| Memnan |
| mem | -na | -n |
| me | -na | -n |
| 1PL | -1PL | -GEN |
| pr | -poss | -case |
|
| literatura |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| entuziazm |
| entuziazm |
| entuziazm |
| enthusiasm |
| no |
|
|
|
|
| šə̑ŋdaraltə̑n. |
| šə̑ŋdaralt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| šə̑ŋdaralt | -n | -Ø |
| fit | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šə̑ŋdaraltə̑n. |
| šə̑ŋdaralt | -ə̑n |
| šə̑ŋdaralt | -n |
| fit | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| šə̑ŋdaraltə̑n. |
| šə̑ŋdar | -alt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| šə̑ŋdare | -alt | -n | -Ø |
| fit.in | -REF | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| šə̑ŋdaraltə̑n. |
| šə̑ŋdar | -alt | -ə̑n |
| šə̑ŋdare | -alt | -n |
| fit.in | -REF | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
geroińa 1
Oteč́estβennə̑j sar geroińa
| Oteč́estβennə̑j |
| Oteč́estβennə̑j |
| oteč́estβennə̑j |
| domestic |
| ad |
|
|
|
geroińa 2 (N. Arban)
Ikmanaš, tə̑j geroińa lijə̑n pörtə̑lə̑nat, a mə̑j perβə̑j tə̑lzə̑štak stroj gə̑č́ lektə̑nam.
| Ikmanaš, |
| Ikmanaš |
| ikmanaš |
| in.a.word |
| pa |
|
|
|
| lijə̑n |
| lijə̑n |
| lijə̑n |
| as.a |
| po |
| lijə̑n |
| lij | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lij | -n | -Ø |
| be | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| lijə̑n |
| lij | -ə̑n |
| lij | -n |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| pörtə̑lə̑nat, |
| pörtə̑l | -ə̑n | -at |
| pörtə̑l | -n | -at |
| return | -PST2 | -2SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| pörtə̑lə̑nat, |
| pörtə̑l | -ə̑na | -t |
| pörtə̑l | -na | -at |
| return | -1PL | -and |
| vb1 | -pers | -enc |
| pörtə̑lə̑nat, |
| pörtə̑l | -ə̑n | -Ø | -at |
| pörtə̑l | -n | -Ø | -at |
| return | -PST2 | -3SG | -and |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| pörtə̑lə̑nat, |
| pörtə̑l | -ə̑n | -at |
| pörtə̑l | -n | -at |
| return | -CVB | -and |
| vb1 | -adv | -enc |
|
|
|
| perβə̑j |
| perβə̑j |
| perβə̑j |
| first |
| ad/av/nm |
|
| tə̑lzə̑štak |
| tə̑lzə̑ | -št | -ak |
| tə̑lze | -št | -ak |
| moon | -3PL | -STR |
| no | -poss | -enc |
| tə̑lzə̑štak |
| tə̑lzə̑ | -št | -ak |
| tə̑lze | -šte | -ak |
| moon | -INE | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
|
| stroj |
| stroj |
| stroj |
| system |
| no |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| lektə̑nam. |
| lekt | -ə̑n | -am |
| lekt | -n | -am |
| go | -PST2 | -1SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
|
geroińa 3 (S. Eman)
Poβest'ə̑n geroińaže Tońa Č́endemeroβa – šümdə̑mö üdə̑r.
| Poβest'ə̑n |
| Poβest' | -ə̑n |
| poβest' | -n |
| story | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| geroińaže |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
|
| Č́endemeroβa – |
| Č́endemeroβa |
| Č́endemeroβa |
| Chendemerova |
| na |
|
| šümdə̑mö |
| šümdə̑mö |
| šümdə̑mö |
| heartless |
| ad |
| šümdə̑mö |
| šümdə̑mö |
| šümdə̑mö |
| insensitive |
| ad |
| šümdə̑mö |
| šüm | -də̑mö |
| šüm | -də̑me |
| heart | -without |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| šümdə̑mö |
| šüm | -də̑mö |
| šüm | -də̑me |
| feeling | -without |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| šümdə̑mö |
| šüm | -də̑mö |
| šüm | -də̑me |
| bark | -without |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| üdə̑r. |
| üdə̑r |
| üdə̑r |
| daughter |
| no |
| üdə̑r. |
| üdə̑r |
| üdə̑r |
| Virgo |
| no |
|
geroič́eski 1 (V. Kosorotoβ)
Tudo ispanskij patriot-βlakə̑n Franko βaštareš geroič́eski kredalmə̑št nergen kalaskalə̑neže ə̑le.
|
|
| ispanskij |
| ispanskij |
| ispanskij |
| Spanish |
| ad |
|
| patriot-βlakə̑n |
| patriot | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| patriot | -βlak | -n |
| patriot | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| Franko |
| Franko |
| Franko |
| Franko |
| na |
|
| βaštareš |
| βaštareš |
| βaštareš |
| toward |
| ad/av/po |
| βaštareš |
| βaštar | -eš |
| βaštar | -eš |
| maple | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| geroič́eski |
| geroič́eski |
| geroič́eski |
| heroically |
| av |
|
| kredalmə̑št |
| kredalmə̑ | -št |
| kredalme | -št |
| fighting | -3PL |
| ad | -poss |
| kredalmə̑št |
| kredal | -mə̑ | -št |
| kredal | -me | -št |
| fight | -PTCP.PASS | -3PL |
| vb1 | -ad | -poss |
|
| nergen |
| nergen |
| nergen |
| about |
| po |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| cold | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| badger | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| order | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| kalaskalə̑neže |
| kalaskalə̑ | -ne | -že |
| kalaskale | -ne | -že |
| talk | -DES | -3SG |
| vb2 | -mood | -pers |
|
| ə̑le. |
| ə̑l | -'e |
| ul | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
geroič́eskij 1
Geroič́eskij paša
| Geroič́eskij |
| Geroič́eskij |
| geroič́eskij |
| heroic |
| ad |
|
|
geroič́eskij 2
geroič́eskij podβig
| geroič́eskij |
| geroič́eskij |
| geroič́eskij |
| heroic |
| ad |
|
| podβig |
| podβig |
| podβig |
| exploit |
| no |
|
geroič́eskij 3 («Mar. kom.»)
Geroič́eskij paša dene gə̑na soβetskij kalə̑k elə̑štə̑na socializmə̑m ə̑šten da kommunizmə̑ške üšanlə̑n kaja.
| Geroič́eskij |
| Geroič́eskij |
| geroič́eskij |
| heroic |
| ad |
|
|
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| soβetskij |
| soβetskij |
| soβetskij |
| Soviet |
| ad |
|
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| people |
| no |
|
| elə̑štə̑na |
| el | -ə̑štə̑ | -na |
| el | -šte | -na |
| land | -INE | -1PL |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| socializmə̑m |
| socializm | -ə̑m |
| socializm | -m |
| socialism | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑šten |
| ə̑št | -en | -Ø |
| ə̑šte | -en | -Ø |
| do | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑šten |
| ə̑št | -en |
| ə̑šte | -en |
| do | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
|
| kommunizmə̑ške |
| kommunizm | -ə̑ške |
| kommunizm | -ške |
| communism | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| üšanlə̑n |
| üšanlə̑n |
| üšanlə̑n |
| convincingly |
| av |
| üšanlə̑n |
| üšanlə̑ | -n |
| üšanle | -n |
| reliable | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| kaja. |
| kaj | -a |
| kaje | -a |
| go | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
geroj 1
Soβet Sojuz Geroj
| Soβet |
| Soβet |
| soβet |
| council |
| no |
| Soβet |
| Soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| palm | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| Soβet |
| Soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| slap | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| Sojuz |
| Sojuz |
| sojuz |
| conjunction |
| no |
|
| Geroj |
| Geroj |
| geroj |
| hero |
| no |
|
geroj 2
Socialistič́eskij Paša Geroj
| Socialistič́eskij |
| Socialistič́eskij |
| socialistič́eskij |
| socialist |
| ad |
|
|
| Geroj |
| Geroj |
| geroj |
| hero |
| no |
|
geroj 3 (M. Rə̑bakoβ)
Nastojaš́š́ij gerojlan βele tə̑gaj ordenə̑m puat!
| Nastojaš́š́ij |
| Nastojaš́š́ij |
| nastojaš́š́ij |
| real |
| ad |
|
| gerojlan |
| gerojl | -an |
| gerojlo | -an |
| heroic | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| gerojlan |
| geroj | -lan |
| geroj | -lan |
| hero | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| gerojlan |
| geroj | -la | -n |
| geroj | -la | -n |
| hero | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| βele |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| βele |
| βel | -'e |
| βel | -Je |
| spill | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| βele |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| tə̑gaj |
| tə̑gaj |
| tə̑gaj |
| such |
| ad/av/no/pr |
|
| ordenə̑m |
| orden | -ə̑m |
| orden | -m |
| order | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| puat! |
| pu | -at |
| pu | -at |
| wood | -and |
| no | -enc |
| puat! |
| pu | -at |
| puo | -at |
| give | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| puat! |
| pu | -at |
| puo | -at |
| blow | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| puat! |
| pu | -a | -t |
| puo | -a | -at |
| give | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| puat! |
| pu | -a | -t |
| puo | -a | -at |
| blow | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| puat! |
| pu | -Ø | -at |
| puo | -Ø | -at |
| give | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
| puat! |
| pu | -Ø | -at |
| puo | -Ø | -at |
| blow | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
geroj 4 (V. Juksern)
Sergej Suβoroβ kuze Soβetskij Sojuzə̑n Gerojžo lijə̑n – tidə̑m gə̑na aβtor ške knigaštə̑že utlarak onč́ə̑ktaš tə̑ršen.
| Sergej |
| Sergej |
| Sergej |
| Sergey |
| na |
|
| Suβoroβ |
| Suβoroβ |
| Suβoroβ |
| Suvorov |
| na |
|
| kuze |
| kuze |
| kuze |
| how |
| av/co/no/pa |
|
| Soβetskij |
| Soβetskij |
| soβetskij |
| Soviet |
| ad |
|
| Sojuzə̑n |
| Sojuz | -ə̑n |
| sojuz | -n |
| conjunction | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| Gerojžo |
| Geroj | -žo |
| geroj | -že |
| hero | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| lijə̑n – |
| lijə̑n |
| lijə̑n |
| as.a |
| po |
| lijə̑n – |
| lij | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lij | -n | -Ø |
| be | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| lijə̑n – |
| lij | -ə̑n |
| lij | -n |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| tidə̑m |
| tidə̑ | -m |
| tide | -m |
| this | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| aβtor |
| aβtor |
| aβtor |
| author |
| no |
|
|
| knigaštə̑že |
| kniga | -štə̑ | -že |
| kniga | -šte | -že |
| book | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| utlarak |
| utlarak |
| utlarak |
| more |
| av |
| utlarak |
| utla | -rak |
| utla | -rak |
| more | -COMP |
| av/po | -deg |
| utlarak |
| utl | -a | -rak |
| utlo | -a | -rak |
| escape | -3SG | -COMP |
| vb2 | -pers | -deg |
|
| onč́ə̑ktaš |
| onč́ə̑kt | -aš |
| onč́ə̑kto | -aš |
| show | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| onč́ə̑ktaš |
| onč́ə̑ | -kt | -aš |
| onč́o | -kte | -aš |
| look | -CAUS | -INF |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -inf |
|
| tə̑ršen. |
| tə̑ršen |
| tə̑ršen |
| diligently |
| av |
| tə̑ršen. |
| tə̑rš | -en | -Ø |
| tə̑rše | -en | -Ø |
| try | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| tə̑ršen. |
| tə̑rš | -en |
| tə̑rše | -en |
| try | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
geroj 5
Ṕjesə̑n gerojžo
| Ṕjesə̑n |
| Ṕjesə̑ | -n |
| ṕjese | -n |
| play | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gerojžo |
| geroj | -žo |
| geroj | -že |
| hero | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
geroj 6
poβest'ə̑n gerojžo
| poβest'ə̑n |
| poβest' | -ə̑n |
| poβest' | -n |
| story | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gerojžo |
| geroj | -žo |
| geroj | -že |
| hero | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
geroj 7 («Mar. kom.»)
Roman-βlakə̑n tüŋ gerojə̑št onč́ə̑l soβetskij jeŋ, bol'šeβik-βlak ulə̑t.
| Roman-βlakə̑n |
| Roman | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| roman | -βlak | -n |
| novel | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
| Roman-βlakə̑n |
| Roman | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| roman | -βlak | -n |
| Romance | -PL | -GEN |
| ad | -num | -case |
| Roman-βlakə̑n |
| Rom | -an | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| rom | -an | -βlak | -n |
| rum | -with | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -deriv.ad | -num | -case |
|
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ |
| foundation |
| ad/no |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| freeze | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| freeze | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| freeze | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| gerojə̑št |
| geroj | -ə̑št |
| geroj | -št |
| hero | -3PL |
| no | -poss |
|
| onč́ə̑l |
| onč́ə̑l |
| onč́ə̑l |
| front |
| ad/no |
|
| soβetskij |
| soβetskij |
| soβetskij |
| Soviet |
| ad |
|
| jeŋ, |
| jeŋ |
| jeŋ |
| person |
| ad/no |
|
| bol'šeβik-βlak |
| bol'šeβik | -βlak |
| bol'šeβik | -βlak |
| Bolshevik | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| ulə̑t. |
| ul | -ə̑t |
| ul | -ə̑t |
| be | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
geroj 8
BAM-ə̑n gerojžo-βlak
| BAM-ə̑n |
| BAM-ə̑n |
| BAM-ə̑n |
| BAM-yn |
| na |
|
| gerojžo-βlak |
| geroj | -žo | -βlak |
| geroj | -že | -βlak |
| hero | -3SG | -PL |
| no | -poss | -num |
|
geroj 9 (K. Koršunoβ)
Pagalə̑me Andrej Nikolajeβič́, mə̑j tidə̑m šuko gana kolə̑nam. «Paβel Korč́agin», «Aleksandr Matrosoβ»... A ə̑nde «Söreman mlandə̑n gerojžo-βlak».
| Pagalə̑me |
| Pagalə̑me |
| pagalə̑me |
| respected |
| ad |
| Pagalə̑me |
| Pagalə̑ | -me |
| pagale | -me |
| respect | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| Andrej |
| Andrej |
| Andrej |
| Andrey |
| na |
|
| Nikolajeβič́, |
| Nikolajeβič́ |
| Nikolajeβič́ |
| Nikolayevich |
| na |
|
|
| tidə̑m |
| tidə̑ | -m |
| tide | -m |
| this | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
| šuko |
| šuko |
| šuko |
| a.lot |
| ad/av/no |
|
| gana |
| gana |
| gana |
| times |
| no/po |
|
| kolə̑nam. |
| kol | -ə̑n | -am |
| kol | -n | -am |
| hear | -PST2 | -1SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kolə̑nam. |
| kolə̑ | -na | -m |
| kolo | -na | -m |
| twenty | -1PL | -ACC |
| nm | -poss | -case |
|
| «Paβel |
| Paβel |
| Paβel |
| Pavel |
| na |
|
| Korč́agin», |
| Korč́agin |
| Korč́agin |
| Korchagin |
| na |
|
| «Aleksandr |
| Aleksandr |
| Aleksandr |
| Aleksandr |
| na |
|
| Matrosoβ»... |
| Matrosoβ |
| Matrosoβ |
| Matrosov |
| na |
|
|
| ə̑nde |
| ə̑nde |
| ə̑nde |
| now |
| av/pa |
|
| «Söreman |
| Söreman |
| söreman |
| virgin |
| ad |
| «Söreman |
| Sörem | -an |
| sörem | -an |
| turf | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| mlandə̑n |
| mlandə̑ | -n |
| mlande | -n |
| land | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| mlandə̑n |
| mlandə̑ | -n |
| mlande | -n |
| Earth | -GEN |
| pn | -case |
|
| gerojžo-βlak». |
| geroj | -žo | -βlak |
| geroj | -že | -βlak |
| hero | -3SG | -PL |
| no | -poss | -num |
|
geroj 10 (V. Iβanoβ)
– Poro keč́e lijže, geroj! Kuze malə̑šə̑č́?
|
|
| keč́e |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| keč́e |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| lijže, |
| lijže |
| lijže |
| let's.imagine |
| pa |
| lijže, |
| lij | -že |
| lij | -že |
| be | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lijže, |
| lij | -Ø | -že |
| lij | -Ø | -že |
| be | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| lijže, |
| lij | -Ø | -že |
| lij | -Ø | -že |
| be | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
| geroj! |
| geroj |
| geroj |
| hero |
| no |
|
| Kuze |
| Kuze |
| kuze |
| how |
| av/co/no/pa |
|
| malə̑šə̑č́? |
| malə̑ | -š | -ə̑č́ |
| male | -š | -ə̑č́ |
| sleep | -PST1 | -2SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
geroj 11 (K. Vasin)
Ač́at tə̑jə̑m šukerte ogə̑l gə̑na geroj ulat manə̑n moktə̑š, a tə̑j šortat.
| Ač́at |
| Ač́a | -t |
| ač́a | -et |
| father | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| Ač́at |
| Ač́a | -t |
| ač́a | -at |
| father | -and |
| no | -enc |
|
| tə̑jə̑m |
| tə̑jə̑m |
| tə̑jə̑m |
| you |
| pr |
| tə̑jə̑m |
| tə̑j | -ə̑m |
| tə̑j | -m |
| 2SG | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
| šukerte |
| šukerte |
| šukerte |
| long.ago |
| av |
|
| ogə̑l |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| geroj |
| geroj |
| geroj |
| hero |
| no |
|
| ulat |
| ula | -t |
| ula | -et |
| cart | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| ulat |
| ula | -t |
| ula | -at |
| cart | -and |
| no | -enc |
| ulat |
| ul | -at |
| ulo | -at |
| is | -and |
| ad/no/vb | -enc |
| ulat |
| ul | -at |
| ul | -at |
| be | -2SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| ulat |
| u | -la | -t |
| u | -la | -et |
| new | -COMP | -2SG |
| ad/no | -case | -poss |
| ulat |
| u | -la | -t |
| u | -la | -et |
| new | -PL | -2SG |
| ad/no | -num | -poss |
| ulat |
| u | -la | -t |
| u | -la | -at |
| new | -COMP | -and |
| ad/no | -case | -enc |
| ulat |
| u | -la | -t |
| u | -la | -at |
| new | -PL | -and |
| ad/no | -num | -enc |
| ulat |
| ul | -Ø | -at |
| ul | -Ø | -at |
| be | -CNG | -and |
| vb1 | -conn | -enc |
| ulat |
| ul | -Ø | -at |
| ul | -Ø | -at |
| be | -CVB | -and |
| vb1 | -adv | -enc |
|
| manə̑n |
| manə̑n |
| manə̑n |
| that |
| co |
| manə̑n |
| man | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| man | -n | -Ø |
| say | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| manə̑n |
| man | -ə̑n |
| man | -n |
| say | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| moktə̑š, |
| moktə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| mokto | -š | -Ø |
| praise | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
|
|
| šortat. |
| šort | -at |
| šort | -at |
| shorts | -and |
| no | -enc |
| šortat. |
| šort | -at |
| šort | -at |
| X | -and |
| de | -enc |
| šortat. |
| šort | -at |
| šort | -at |
| lamentation | -and |
| no | -enc |
| šortat. |
| šort | -at |
| šort | -at |
| cry | -2SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| šortat. |
| šort | -Ø | -at |
| šort | -Ø | -at |
| cry | -CNG | -and |
| vb1 | -conn | -enc |
| šortat. |
| šort | -Ø | -at |
| šort | -Ø | -at |
| cry | -CVB | -and |
| vb1 | -adv | -enc |
| šortat. |
| šort | - | -at |
| šort | -Je | -at |
| cry | -PST1.3SG | -and |
| vb1 | -tense.pers | -enc |
|
geroj 12 (A. Ajzenβort)
– U-u-u, «geroj», omarta deč́ lüdə̑n, – Ol'oš Sańum βoštə̑leš.
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u |
| u | u | u |
| new | new | new |
| ad/no | ad/no | ad/no |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u |
| u | u | u |
| new | new | oh |
| ad/no | ad/no | in |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| new | new | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| new | new | stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| new | new | take.care.of | -CNG |
| ad/no | ad/no | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| new | new | stroke | -CNG |
| ad/no | ad/no | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u |
| u | u | u |
| new | oh | new |
| ad/no | in | ad/no |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u |
| u | u | u |
| new | oh | oh |
| ad/no | in | in |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| new | oh | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | in | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| new | oh | stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | in | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| new | oh | take.care.of | -CNG |
| ad/no | in | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| new | oh | stroke | -CNG |
| ad/no | in | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| new | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG | new |
| ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers | ad/no |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| new | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG | oh |
| ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers | in |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG | stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG | take.care.of | -CNG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG | stroke | -CNG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| new | stroke | -IMP.2SG | new |
| ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers | ad/no |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| new | stroke | -IMP.2SG | oh |
| ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers | in |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | stroke | -IMP.2SG | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | stroke | -IMP.2SG | stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | stroke | -IMP.2SG | take.care.of | -CNG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | stroke | -IMP.2SG | stroke | -CNG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| new | take.care.of | -CNG | new |
| ad/no | vb2 | -conn | ad/no |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| new | take.care.of | -CNG | oh |
| ad/no | vb2 | -conn | in |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | take.care.of | -CNG | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | take.care.of | -CNG | stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | take.care.of | -CNG | take.care.of | -CNG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | take.care.of | -CNG | stroke | -CNG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| new | stroke | -CNG | new |
| ad/no | vb2 | -conn | ad/no |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| new | stroke | -CNG | oh |
| ad/no | vb2 | -conn | in |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | stroke | -CNG | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | stroke | -CNG | stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | stroke | -CNG | take.care.of | -CNG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| new | stroke | -CNG | stroke | -CNG |
| ad/no | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u |
| u | u | u |
| oh | new | new |
| in | ad/no | ad/no |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u |
| u | u | u |
| oh | new | oh |
| in | ad/no | in |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| oh | new | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| in | ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| oh | new | stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| in | ad/no | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| oh | new | take.care.of | -CNG |
| in | ad/no | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| oh | new | stroke | -CNG |
| in | ad/no | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u |
| u | u | u |
| oh | oh | new |
| in | in | ad/no |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u |
| u | u | u |
| oh | oh | oh |
| in | in | in |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| oh | oh | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| in | in | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| oh | oh | stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| in | in | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| oh | oh | take.care.of | -CNG |
| in | in | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u- | u | -Ø |
| u | u | uo | -Ø |
| oh | oh | stroke | -CNG |
| in | in | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| oh | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG | new |
| in | vb2 | -mood.pers | ad/no |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| oh | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG | oh |
| in | vb2 | -mood.pers | in |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| in | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG | stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| in | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG | take.care.of | -CNG |
| in | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG | stroke | -CNG |
| in | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| oh | stroke | -IMP.2SG | new |
| in | vb2 | -mood.pers | ad/no |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| oh | stroke | -IMP.2SG | oh |
| in | vb2 | -mood.pers | in |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | stroke | -IMP.2SG | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| in | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | stroke | -IMP.2SG | stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| in | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | stroke | -IMP.2SG | take.care.of | -CNG |
| in | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | stroke | -IMP.2SG | stroke | -CNG |
| in | vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| oh | take.care.of | -CNG | new |
| in | vb2 | -conn | ad/no |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| oh | take.care.of | -CNG | oh |
| in | vb2 | -conn | in |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | take.care.of | -CNG | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| in | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | take.care.of | -CNG | stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| in | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | take.care.of | -CNG | take.care.of | -CNG |
| in | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | take.care.of | -CNG | stroke | -CNG |
| in | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| oh | stroke | -CNG | new |
| in | vb2 | -conn | ad/no |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u |
| u | uo | -Ø | u |
| oh | stroke | -CNG | oh |
| in | vb2 | -conn | in |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | stroke | -CNG | take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| in | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | stroke | -CNG | stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| in | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | stroke | -CNG | take.care.of | -CNG |
| in | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -conn |
| U-u-u, |
| U- | u | -Ø- | u | -Ø |
| u | uo | -Ø | uo | -Ø |
| oh | stroke | -CNG | stroke | -CNG |
| in | vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -conn |
|
| «geroj», |
| geroj |
| geroj |
| hero |
| no |
|
| omarta |
| omarta |
| omarta |
| stump |
| no |
|
|
| lüdə̑n, – |
| lüdə̑n |
| lüdə̑n |
| timidly |
| av |
| lüdə̑n, – |
| lüd | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lüd | -n | -Ø |
| be.afraid.of | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| lüdə̑n, – |
| lüd | -ə̑n |
| lüd | -n |
| be.afraid.of | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| Ol'oš |
| Ol'oš |
| Ol'oš |
| Ol'osh |
| na |
|
| Sańum |
| Sańum |
| Sańum |
| Sańum |
| na |
|
| βoštə̑leš. |
| βoštə̑l | -eš |
| βoštə̑l | -eš |
| laugh | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
geroj 13
Geroj ilə̑š
| Geroj |
| Geroj |
| geroj |
| hero |
| no |
|
| ilə̑š |
| ilə̑š |
| ilə̑š |
| life |
| no |
| ilə̑š |
| ilə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| ile | -š | -Ø |
| live | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
geroj 14 (M. Jemel'janoβ)
Geroj oŋeš č́üktalte šüdə̑r.
| Geroj |
| Geroj |
| geroj |
| hero |
| no |
|
| oŋeš |
| oŋ | -eš |
| oŋ | -eš |
| chest | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| č́üktalte |
| č́üktalt | -e |
| č́üktalt | -Je |
| light.up | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| č́üktalte |
| č́ükt | -alt | -e |
| č́üktö | -alt | -Je |
| light | -REF | -PST1.3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense.pers |
|
| šüdə̑r. |
| šüdə̑r |
| šüdə̑r |
| star |
| no |
| šüdə̑r. |
| šüdə̑r |
| šüdə̑r |
| axle |
| no |
| šüdə̑r. |
| šüdə̑r |
| šüdə̑r |
| stem |
| no |
|
gerojlanaš 1
Jeŋ onč́ə̑lno gerojlanaš
|
|
| onč́ə̑lno |
| onč́ə̑lno |
| onč́ə̑lno |
| in.front |
| av/po |
|
| gerojlanaš |
| gerojlan | -aš |
| gerojlane | -aš |
| pretend.to.be.brave | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gerojlanaš 2 («Mar. kom.»)
Ajda, rβeze-βlak, ida gerojlane, oškə̑lza poč́ešem.
| Ajda, |
| Ajda |
| ajda |
| let's.go |
| pa |
|
| rβeze-βlak, |
| rβeze | -βlak |
| rβeze | -βlak |
| young.man | -PL |
| ad/no | -num |
|
| ida |
| ida |
| ida |
| NEG.IMP.2PL |
| vb.mood.pers |
|
| gerojlane, |
| gerojlane | -Ø |
| gerojlane | -Ø |
| pretend.to.be.brave | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| gerojlane, |
| gerojlane | -Ø |
| gerojlane | -Ø |
| pretend.to.be.brave | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| oškə̑lza |
| oškə̑l | -za |
| oškə̑l | -za |
| step | -IMP.2PL |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
|
| poč́ešem. |
| poč́eš | -em |
| poč́eš | -em |
| recent | -1SG |
| ad/av/po | -poss |
| poč́ešem. |
| poč́ | -eš | -em |
| poč́ | -eš | -em |
| tail | -LAT | -1SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
| poč́ešem. |
| poč́eš | -em | -Ø |
| poč́eš | -em | -Ø |
| recent | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/av/po | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| poč́ešem. |
| poč́eš | -em | -Ø |
| poč́eš | -em | -Ø |
| recent | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad/av/po | -deriv.v | -conn |
| poč́ešem. |
| poč́eš | -em | -Ø |
| poč́eš | -em | -Ø |
| recent | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad/av/po | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
gerojlo 1
Gerojlo paša
| Gerojlo |
| Gerojlo |
| gerojlo |
| heroic |
| ad |
|
|
gerojlo 2 (V. Juksern)
Küč́ə̑k, no gerojlo ilə̑šə̑m ilen S. Lazo.
| Küč́ə̑k, |
| Küč́ə̑k |
| küč́ə̑k |
| short |
| ad/no |
|
|
| gerojlo |
| gerojlo |
| gerojlo |
| heroic |
| ad |
|
| ilə̑šə̑m |
| ilə̑š | -ə̑m |
| ilə̑š | -m |
| life | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| ilə̑šə̑m |
| ilə̑šə̑ | -m |
| ilə̑še | -m |
| living | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
| ilə̑šə̑m |
| ilə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| ile | -š | -ə̑m |
| live | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ilə̑šə̑m |
| ilə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| ile | -še | -m |
| live | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
| ilen |
| il'e | -n |
| il'e | -n |
| damp | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| ilen |
| il | -en | -Ø |
| ile | -en | -Ø |
| live | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ilen |
| il | -en |
| ile | -en |
| live | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
|
|
gerojlə̑k 1
Gerojlə̑kə̑m onč́ə̑ktaš
| Gerojlə̑kə̑m |
| Gerojlə̑k | -ə̑m |
| gerojlə̑k | -m |
| heroism | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| Gerojlə̑kə̑m |
| Geroj | -lə̑k | -ə̑m |
| geroj | -lə̑k | -m |
| hero | -for | -ACC |
| no | -deriv.ad | -case |
|
| onč́ə̑ktaš |
| onč́ə̑kt | -aš |
| onč́ə̑kto | -aš |
| show | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| onč́ə̑ktaš |
| onč́ə̑ | -kt | -aš |
| onč́o | -kte | -aš |
| look | -CAUS | -INF |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -inf |
|
gerojlə̑k 2 (P. Korniloβ)
Tə̑j tə̑šte it komandoβatle. Luč́o ške gerojlə̑ketə̑m tušto onč́ə̑kto, – kə̑č́kə̑ralə̑n, ugə̑č́ kə̑nerβujžo dene šükedə̑laš tüŋale.
|
|
| tə̑šte |
| tə̑šte |
| tə̑šte |
| here |
| av/pr |
| tə̑šte |
| tə̑š | -te |
| tə̑š | -šte |
| here | -INE |
| av/pr | -case |
|
| it |
| it |
| it |
| NEG.IMP.2SG |
| vb.mood.pers |
|
| komandoβatle. |
| komandoβatle | -Ø |
| komandoβatle | -Ø |
| command | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| komandoβatle. |
| komandoβatle | -Ø |
| komandoβatle | -Ø |
| command | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| Luč́o |
| Luč́o |
| luč́o |
| rather |
| ad/av/no |
|
|
| gerojlə̑ketə̑m |
| gerojlə̑k | -et | -ə̑m |
| gerojlə̑k | -et | -m |
| heroism | -2SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| gerojlə̑ketə̑m |
| geroj | -lə̑k | -et | -ə̑m |
| geroj | -lə̑k | -et | -m |
| hero | -for | -2SG | -ACC |
| no | -deriv.ad | -poss | -case |
|
| tušto |
| tušto |
| tušto |
| there |
| av/pa/pr |
| tušto |
| tušto |
| tušto |
| riddle |
| no |
| tušto |
| tu | -što |
| tu | -šte |
| that | -INE |
| pr | -case |
| tušto |
| tu | -što |
| tu | -šte |
| gland | -INE |
| no | -case |
| tušto |
| tu | -što |
| tu | -šte |
| banner | -INE |
| no | -case |
| tušto |
| tuš | -to |
| tuš | -šte |
| seed | -INE |
| no | -case |
| tušto |
| tuš | -to |
| tuš | -šte |
| flourish | -INE |
| no | -case |
| tušto |
| tuš | -to |
| tuš | -šte |
| there | -INE |
| av/pr | -case |
| tušto |
| tušto | -Ø |
| tušto | -Ø |
| ask | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| tušto |
| tušto | -Ø |
| tušto | -Ø |
| ask | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| onč́ə̑kto, – |
| onč́ə̑kto | -Ø |
| onč́ə̑kto | -Ø |
| show | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| onč́ə̑kto, – |
| onč́ə̑kto | -Ø |
| onč́ə̑kto | -Ø |
| show | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| onč́ə̑kto, – |
| onč́ə̑ | -kto | -Ø |
| onč́o | -kte | -Ø |
| look | -CAUS | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| onč́ə̑kto, – |
| onč́ə̑ | -kto | -Ø |
| onč́o | -kte | -Ø |
| look | -CAUS | -CNG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -conn |
|
| kə̑č́kə̑ralə̑n, |
| kə̑č́kə̑ral | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| kə̑č́kə̑ral | -n | -Ø |
| shout | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kə̑č́kə̑ralə̑n, |
| kə̑č́kə̑ral | -ə̑n |
| kə̑č́kə̑ral | -n |
| shout | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ugə̑č́ |
| ugə̑č́ |
| ugə̑č́ |
| again |
| av |
|
| kə̑nerβujžo |
| kə̑ńerβuj | -žo |
| kə̑ńerβuj | -že |
| elbow | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| šükedə̑laš |
| šükedə̑l | -aš |
| šükedə̑l | -aš |
| push | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
| tüŋale. |
| tüŋal | -'e |
| tüŋal | -Je |
| start | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gerojlə̑k 3 (Ja. Jalkajn)
Gerojlə̑k dene šülat memnan u keč́e-βlak.
| Gerojlə̑k |
| Gerojlə̑k |
| gerojlə̑k |
| heroism |
| no |
| Gerojlə̑k |
| Geroj | -lə̑k |
| geroj | -lə̑k |
| hero | -for |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
| šülat |
| šül | -at |
| šülö | -at |
| fathom | -and |
| no | -enc |
| šülat |
| šül | -at |
| šülö | -at |
| breathe | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šülat |
| šül | -a | -t |
| šülö | -a | -at |
| breathe | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| šülat |
| šül | -Ø | -at |
| šülö | -Ø | -at |
| breathe | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
| memnan |
| mem | -na | -n |
| me | -na | -n |
| 1PL | -1PL | -GEN |
| pr | -poss | -case |
|
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| take.care.of | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| stroke | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| keč́e-βlak. |
| keč́e | -βlak |
| keč́e | -βlak |
| sun | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
gerojlə̑n 1
Gerojlə̑n kredalaš
| Gerojlə̑n |
| Gerojlə̑n |
| gerojlə̑n |
| heroically |
| av |
| Gerojlə̑n |
| Gerojlə̑ | -n |
| gerojlo | -n |
| heroic | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| kredalaš |
| kredal | -aš |
| kredal | -aš |
| fight | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gerojlə̑n 2 (A. Miχajloβ)
No kalə̑k ške olažə̑m gerojlə̑n aralə̑š.
|
|
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| people |
| no |
|
|
| olažə̑m |
| ola | -žə̑ | -m |
| ola | -že | -m |
| city | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| olažə̑m |
| ola | -žə̑ | -m |
| ola | -že | -m |
| motley | -3SG | -ACC |
| ad | -poss | -case |
|
| gerojlə̑n |
| gerojlə̑n |
| gerojlə̑n |
| heroically |
| av |
| gerojlə̑n |
| gerojlə̑ | -n |
| gerojlo | -n |
| heroic | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| aralə̑š. |
| aralə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| arale | -š | -Ø |
| defend | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gerojstβo 1
Gerojstβə̑m onč́ə̑ktaš (ə̑štaš)
| Gerojstβə̑m |
| Gerojstβə̑ | -m |
| gerojstβo | -m |
| heroism | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| onč́ə̑ktaš |
| onč́ə̑kt | -aš |
| onč́ə̑kto | -aš |
| show | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| onč́ə̑ktaš |
| onč́ə̑ | -kt | -aš |
| onč́o | -kte | -aš |
| look | -CAUS | -INF |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -inf |
|
| (ə̑štaš) |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gerojstβo 2 (I. Vasil'jeβ)
Komsomol tə̑štat βaraš ə̑š kod, keč́ə̑n millionlo gerojstβə̑m, millionlo otβagə̑m ə̑štə̑š.
| Komsomol |
| Komsomol |
| komsomol |
| Komsomol |
| no |
|
| tə̑štat |
| tə̑št | -at |
| tə̑šte | -at |
| here | -and |
| av/pr | -enc |
| tə̑štat |
| tə̑š | -t | -at |
| tə̑š | -šte | -at |
| here | -INE | -and |
| av/pr | -case | -enc |
|
| βaraš |
| βaraš |
| βaraš |
| hawk |
| no |
| βaraš |
| βaraš |
| βaraš |
| late |
| av |
| βaraš |
| βara | -š |
| βara | -š |
| pole | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| βaraš |
| βara | -š |
| βara | -eš |
| pole | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| βaraš |
| βar | -aš |
| βare | -aš |
| mix | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| ə̑š |
| ə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| ə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| NEG | -PST | -3SG |
| vb | -tense | -pers |
|
| kod, |
| kod | -Ø |
| kod | -Ø |
| stay | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kod, |
| kod | -Ø |
| kod | -Ø |
| stay | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| kod, |
| kod | -Ø |
| kod | -Ø |
| stay | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| keč́ə̑n |
| keč́ə̑n |
| keč́ə̑n |
| daily |
| av |
| keč́ə̑n |
| keč́ə̑ | -n |
| keč́e | -n |
| sun | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| millionlo |
| millionlo |
| millionlo |
| millions |
| ad |
|
| gerojstβə̑m, |
| gerojstβə̑ | -m |
| gerojstβo | -m |
| heroism | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| millionlo |
| millionlo |
| millionlo |
| millions |
| ad |
|
|
| ə̑štə̑š. |
| ə̑štə̑š |
| ə̑štə̑š |
| work |
| no |
| ə̑štə̑š. |
| ə̑štə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| ə̑šte | -š | -Ø |
| do | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gercog 1 («Kokla kurə̑m»)
Graf den gercog-šamə̑č́ə̑n mlandə̑štə̑št korol'ə̑n nimogaj βlast'šat lijə̑n ogə̑l.
|
|
|
| gercog-šamə̑č́ə̑n |
| gercog | -šamə̑č́ | -ə̑n |
| gercog | -šamə̑č́ | -n |
| duke | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| mlandə̑štə̑št |
| mlandə̑ | -štə̑ | -št |
| mlande | -šte | -št |
| land | -INE | -3PL |
| no | -case | -poss |
| mlandə̑štə̑št |
| mlandə̑ | -štə̑ | -št |
| mlande | -šte | -št |
| Earth | -INE | -3PL |
| pn | -case | -poss |
|
| korol'ə̑n |
| korol' | -ə̑n |
| korol' | -n |
| king | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| nimogaj |
| ńimogaj |
| ńimogaj |
| no |
| ad/pr |
|
| βlast'šat |
| βlast' | -š | -at |
| βlast' | -že | -at |
| authority | -3SG | -and |
| no | -poss | -enc |
|
| lijə̑n |
| lijə̑n |
| lijə̑n |
| as.a |
| po |
| lijə̑n |
| lij | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lij | -n | -Ø |
| be | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| lijə̑n |
| lij | -ə̑n |
| lij | -n |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ogə̑l. |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
gestapo 1 (A. Bik)
Kuglerə̑n prikazšə̑m šuktaš gestapo den tudə̑n agentše-βlak ulo βijə̑n pižə̑č́.
| Kuglerə̑n |
| Kuglerə̑n |
| Kuglerə̑n |
| Kugleryn |
| na |
|
| prikazšə̑m |
| prikaz | -šə̑ | -m |
| prikaz | -že | -m |
| order | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| šuktaš |
| šukt | -aš |
| šukto | -aš |
| succeed.in | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| šuktaš |
| šu | -kt | -aš |
| šu | -kte | -aš |
| reach | -CAUS | -INF |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -inf |
| šuktaš |
| šu | -kt | -aš |
| šu | -kte | -aš |
| ferment | -CAUS | -INF |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -inf |
| šuktaš |
| šu | -kt | -aš |
| šu | -kte | -aš |
| whittle | -CAUS | -INF |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -inf |
|
| gestapo |
| gestapo |
| gestapo |
| Gestapo |
| no |
|
|
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| his/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑n |
| tudo | -n |
| tudo | -n |
| 3SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| agentše-βlak |
| agent | -še | -βlak |
| agent | -že | -βlak |
| agent | -3SG | -PL |
| no | -poss | -num |
|
|
| βijə̑n |
| βijə̑n |
| βijə̑n |
| strongly |
| av |
| βijə̑n |
| βij | -ə̑n |
| βij | -n |
| power | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| pižə̑č́. |
| piž | -ə̑č́ |
| piž | -ə̑č́ |
| stick | -PST1.2SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| pižə̑č́. |
| piž | -ə̑č́ |
| piž | -ə̑č́ |
| stick | -PST1.3PL |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gestapo 2 (N. Lekajn)
Gel'mut: Tide mə̑jə̑n gestapo organə̑šte služitlə̑me godə̑m kokə̑mšo eksperiment ə̑le.
| Gel'mut: |
| Gel'mut |
| Gel'mut |
| Gel'mut |
| na |
|
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| mə̑jə̑n |
| mə̑jə̑n |
| mə̑jə̑n |
| my |
| pr |
| mə̑jə̑n |
| mə̑j | -ə̑n |
| mə̑j | -n |
| 1SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| gestapo |
| gestapo |
| gestapo |
| Gestapo |
| no |
|
| organə̑šte |
| organ | -ə̑šte |
| organ | -šte |
| organ | -INE |
| no | -case |
| organə̑šte |
| organ | -ə̑šte |
| organ | -šte |
| organ | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| služitlə̑me |
| služitlə̑me |
| služitlə̑me |
| service |
| ad |
| služitlə̑me |
| služitlə̑ | -me |
| služitle | -me |
| serve | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
| kokə̑mšo |
| kokə̑mšo |
| kokə̑mšo |
| second |
| nm |
|
| eksperiment |
| eksperiment |
| eksperiment |
| experiment |
| no |
|
| ə̑le. |
| ə̑l | -'e |
| ul | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gestapoβec 1 (N. Lekajn)
Šuko žap ə̑š erte – jalə̑š gestapoβec-βlak tolə̑n šuə̑č́.
| Šuko |
| Šuko |
| šuko |
| a.lot |
| ad/av/no |
|
|
| ə̑š |
| ə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| ə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| NEG | -PST | -3SG |
| vb | -tense | -pers |
|
| erte – |
| erte | -Ø |
| erte | -Ø |
| pass | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| erte – |
| erte | -Ø |
| erte | -Ø |
| pass | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| jalə̑š |
| jal | -ə̑š |
| jal | -š |
| village | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| gestapoβec-βlak |
| gestapoβec | -βlak |
| gestapoβec | -βlak |
| Gestapo.man | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| tolə̑n |
| tol | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tol | -n | -Ø |
| come | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tolə̑n |
| tol | -ə̑n |
| tol | -n |
| come | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| šuə̑č́. |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| reach | -PST1.2SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šuə̑č́. |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| ferment | -PST1.2SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šuə̑č́. |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| whittle | -PST1.2SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šuə̑č́. |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| reach | -PST1.3PL |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šuə̑č́. |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| ferment | -PST1.3PL |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šuə̑č́. |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| whittle | -PST1.3PL |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
getr 1
Futbolistə̑n getrže
| Futbolistə̑n |
| Futbolist | -ə̑n |
| futbolist | -n |
| soccer.player | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| getrže |
| getr | -že |
| getr | -že |
| gaiters | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
getr 2
getrə̑m č́ijaš
| getrə̑m |
| getr | -ə̑m |
| getr | -m |
| gaiters | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| č́ijaš |
| č́ija | -š |
| č́ija | -š |
| paint | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| č́ijaš |
| č́ija | -š |
| č́ija | -eš |
| paint | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| č́ijaš |
| č́ij | -aš |
| č́ije | -aš |
| put.on | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gibrid 1
Gibridə̑m ə̑štaš
| Gibridə̑m |
| Gibrid | -ə̑m |
| gibrid | -m |
| hybrid | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑štaš |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gibrid 2
urža den šə̑daŋ gibrid
|
|
|
| šə̑daŋ |
| šə̑daŋ |
| šə̑daŋ |
| wheat |
| no |
| šə̑daŋ |
| šə̑d | -aŋ | -Ø |
| šə̑de | -aŋ | -Ø |
| anger | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| šə̑daŋ |
| šə̑d | -aŋ | -Ø |
| šə̑de | -aŋ | -Ø |
| anger | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad/no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| šə̑daŋ |
| šə̑d | -aŋ | -Ø |
| šə̑de | -aŋ | -Ø |
| anger | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad/no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| gibrid |
| gibrid |
| gibrid |
| hybrid |
| no |
|
gibridizacij 1
Gibridizacijə̑m ertaraš
| Gibridizacijə̑m |
| Gibridizacij | -ə̑m |
| gibridizacij | -m |
| hybridization | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ertaraš |
| ertar | -aš |
| ertare | -aš |
| spend | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gibridnə̑j 1
Gibridnə̑j urlə̑kaš
| Gibridnə̑j |
| Gibridnə̑j |
| gibridnə̑j |
| hybrid |
| ad |
|
| urlə̑kaš |
| urlə̑kaš |
| urlə̑kaš |
| seed |
| ad/no |
|
gibridnə̑j 2
gibridnə̑j č́ə̑βe
| gibridnə̑j |
| gibridnə̑j |
| gibridnə̑j |
| hybrid |
| ad |
|
| č́ə̑βe |
| č́ə̑βe |
| č́ə̑βe |
| chicken |
| no |
| č́ə̑βe |
| č́ə̑βe | -Ø |
| č́ə̑βe | -Ø |
| drip | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| č́ə̑βe |
| č́ə̑βe | -Ø |
| č́ə̑βe | -Ø |
| drip | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
gigant 1 (M. Kazakoβ)
Slon βoktek mijen šogale kükšaka kapan ajdeme: peš kugu gigant βokten lač́ kurč́akla kojə̑lden.
| Slon |
| Slon |
| slon |
| elephant |
| no |
|
| βoktek |
| βoktek |
| βoktek |
| closer |
| av/po |
|
| mijen |
| mij | -en | -Ø |
| mije | -en | -Ø |
| come | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| mijen |
| mij | -en |
| mije | -en |
| come | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šogale |
| šogale | -Ø |
| šogale | -Ø |
| plough | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šogale |
| šogal | -'e |
| šogal | -Je |
| stand.up | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šogale |
| šogale | -Ø |
| šogale | -Ø |
| plough | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| kükšaka |
| kükšaka |
| kükšaka |
| hill |
| ad/no |
|
| kapan |
| kapan |
| kapan |
| with.a.body |
| ad |
| kapan |
| kap | -an |
| kap | -an |
| body | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| ajdeme: |
| ajdeme |
| ajdeme |
| human |
| no |
|
|
|
| gigant |
| gigant |
| gigant |
| giant |
| no |
|
| βokten |
| βokten |
| βokten |
| beside |
| av/po |
| βokten |
| βokt | -en | -Ø |
| βokto | -en | -Ø |
| strip.bark | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βokten |
| βokt | -en |
| βokto | -en |
| strip.bark | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| lač́ |
| lač́ |
| lač́ |
| just |
| av/no/pa |
| lač́ |
| lač́ |
| lač́ |
| swim.bladder |
| no |
|
| kurč́akla |
| kurč́ak | -la |
| kurč́ak | -la |
| doll | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| kurč́akla |
| kurč́ak | -la |
| kurč́ak | -la |
| doll | -PL |
| no | -num |
| kurč́akla |
| kurč́ak | -la |
| kurč́ak | -la |
| doll | -STR |
| no | -enc |
|
| kojə̑lden. |
| kojə̑ld | -en | -Ø |
| kojə̑ldo | -en | -Ø |
| flicker | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kojə̑lden. |
| kojə̑ld | -en |
| kojə̑ldo | -en |
| flicker | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gigant 2
Zaβod-gigant
| Zaβod-gigant |
| Zaβod-gigant |
| zaβod-gigant |
| giant.factory |
| no |
|
gigant 3 (J. Jalmarij)
Mlande šüj, kürtńö, kü, neft', električ́estβo dene me gigantə̑m ə̑štena.
| Mlande |
| Mlande |
| mlande |
| land |
| no |
| Mlande |
| Mlande |
| Mlande |
| Earth |
| pn |
|
| šüj, |
| šüj |
| šüj |
| piece.of.coal |
| no |
| šüj, |
| šüj | -Ø |
| šüj | -Ø |
| rot | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| šüj, |
| šüj | -Ø |
| šüjö | -Ø |
| become.firmer | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šüj, |
| šüj | -Ø |
| šüj | -Ø |
| rot | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| šüj, |
| šüj | -Ø |
| šüjö | -Ø |
| become.firmer | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| šüj, |
| šüj | -Ø |
| šüj | -Ø |
| rot | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| kürtńö, |
| kürtńö |
| kürtńö |
| iron |
| no |
|
| kü, |
| kü | -Ø |
| kü | -Ø |
| ripen | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kü, |
| kü | -Ø |
| kü | -Ø |
| ripen | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| kü, |
| kü | -Ø |
| kü | -Ø |
| ripen | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| neft', |
| neft' |
| neft' |
| oil |
| no |
|
| električ́estβo |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
|
|
| gigantə̑m |
| gigant | -ə̑m |
| gigant | -m |
| giant | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑štena. |
| ə̑št | -ena |
| ə̑šte | -ena |
| do | -1PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gigant 4 (O. Ipaj)
Elna muč́ko zaβod, fabrik, gigant-šamə̑č́ kuataŋə̑t.
| Elna |
| El | -na |
| el | -na |
| land | -1PL |
| no | -poss |
| Elna |
| Eln | -a |
| elne | -a |
| tire | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| Elna |
| Eln | -a |
| elne | -a |
| run | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| muč́ko |
| muč́ko |
| muč́ko |
| completely |
| av/po |
|
| zaβod, |
| zaβod |
| zaβod |
| factory |
| no |
|
|
| gigant-šamə̑č́ |
| gigant | -šamə̑č́ |
| gigant | -šamə̑č́ |
| giant | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| kuataŋə̑t. |
| kuataŋ | -ə̑t |
| kuataŋ | -ə̑t |
| gain.strength | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
| kuataŋə̑t. |
| kuat | -aŋ | -ə̑t |
| kuat | -aŋ | -ə̑t |
| strength | -TRANS | -3PL |
| no | -deriv.v | -pers |
|
gigant 5 (I. Vasil'jeβ)
Tə̑šte gigant zaβodə̑n βič́ijaš planžə̑m küč́ə̑k žapə̑šte temə̑šaš βerč́ kuč́edalə̑t.
| Tə̑šte |
| Tə̑šte |
| tə̑šte |
| here |
| av/pr |
| Tə̑šte |
| Tə̑š | -te |
| tə̑š | -šte |
| here | -INE |
| av/pr | -case |
|
| gigant |
| gigant |
| gigant |
| giant |
| no |
|
| zaβodə̑n |
| zaβod | -ə̑n |
| zaβod | -n |
| factory | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| βič́ijaš |
| βič́ijaš |
| βič́ijaš |
| five-year |
| ad/no |
|
| planžə̑m |
| plan | -žə̑ | -m |
| plan | -že | -m |
| plan | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| küč́ə̑k |
| küč́ə̑k |
| küč́ə̑k |
| short |
| ad/no |
|
| žapə̑šte |
| žapə̑šte |
| žapə̑šte |
| in.time |
| av/po |
| žapə̑šte |
| žap | -ə̑šte |
| žap | -šte |
| time | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| temə̑šaš |
| temə̑šaš |
| temə̑šaš |
| be.filled |
| ad |
| temə̑šaš |
| temə̑ | -šaš |
| teme | -šaš |
| fill | -PTCP.FUT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
|
| kuč́edalə̑t. |
| kuč́edal | -ə̑t |
| kuč́edal | -ə̑t |
| fight | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gigantskij 1
Gigantskij kapan
| Gigantskij |
| Gigantskij |
| gigantskij |
| gigantic |
| ad |
|
| kapan |
| kapan |
| kapan |
| with.a.body |
| ad |
| kapan |
| kap | -an |
| kap | -an |
| body | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
gigantskij 2
gigantskij kugə̑tan tanker
| gigantskij |
| gigantskij |
| gigantskij |
| gigantic |
| ad |
|
| kugə̑tan |
| kugə̑tan |
| kugə̑tan |
| of.a.size |
| ad |
| kugə̑tan |
| kugə̑t | -an |
| kugə̑t | -an |
| size | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| tanker |
| tanker |
| tanker |
| tanker |
| no |
|
gigijena 1
Paša gigijena
gigijena 2
kap-kə̑l gigijena
| kap-kə̑l |
| kap- | kə̑l |
| kap | kə̑l |
| body | string |
| no | no |
|
|
gigijenič́eskij 1
Gigijenič́eskij duš
| Gigijenič́eskij |
| Gigijenič́eskij |
| gigijenič́eskij |
| hygienic |
| ad |
|
|
gigijenič́eskij 2
gigijenič́eskij praβil-βlak
| gigijenič́eskij |
| gigijenič́eskij |
| gigijenič́eskij |
| hygienic |
| ad |
|
| praβil-βlak |
| praβil | -βlak |
| praβil | -βlak |
| rule | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
gigijenič́nə̑j 1
Gigijenič́nə̑j βurgem
| Gigijenič́nə̑j |
| Gigijenič́nə̑j |
| gigijenič́nə̑j |
| hygienic |
| ad |
|
| βurgem |
| βurgem |
| βurgem |
| clothes |
| no |
| βurgem |
| βurg | -em |
| βurgo | -em |
| stem | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| βurgem |
| βurg | -em |
| βurgo | -em |
| be.worried | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| βurgem |
| βurg | -em | -Ø |
| βurgo | -em | -Ø |
| stem | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| βurgem |
| βurg | -em | -Ø |
| βurgo | -em | -Ø |
| stem | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| βurgem |
| βurg | -em | -Ø |
| βurgo | -em | -Ø |
| stem | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
gigroskop 1
Gigroskopə̑m šə̑ndaš
| Gigroskopə̑m |
| Gigroskop | -ə̑m |
| gigroskop | -m |
| hygroscope | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šə̑ndaš |
| šə̑nd | -aš |
| šə̑nde | -aš |
| put | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gigroskopič́eskij 1
Gigroskopič́eskij βata
| Gigroskopič́eskij |
| Gigroskopič́eskij |
| gigroskopič́eskij |
| hygroscopic |
| ad |
|
|
gid 1 (J. Jalmarij)
– Nu, Pet'u, tač́e tə̑j mə̑jə̑n gidem lijat – kolχoz pasum onč́ə̑ktaš tüŋalat.
|
|
| Pet'u, |
| Pet'u |
| Pet'u |
| Pet'u |
| na |
|
| tač́e |
| tač́e |
| tač́e |
| today |
| ad/av |
|
|
| mə̑jə̑n |
| mə̑jə̑n |
| mə̑jə̑n |
| my |
| pr |
| mə̑jə̑n |
| mə̑j | -ə̑n |
| mə̑j | -n |
| 1SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| gidem |
| gid | -em |
| gid | -em |
| guide | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| gidem |
| gid | -em | -Ø |
| gid | -em | -Ø |
| guide | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| gidem |
| gid | -em | -Ø |
| gid | -em | -Ø |
| guide | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| gidem |
| gid | -em | -Ø |
| gid | -em | -Ø |
| guide | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| lijat – |
| lij | -at |
| lij | -at |
| be | -2SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| lijat – |
| lij | - | -at |
| lij | -Je | -at |
| be | -PST1.3SG | -and |
| vb1 | -tense.pers | -enc |
|
| kolχoz |
| kolχoz |
| kolχoz |
| kolkhoz |
| no |
|
| pasum |
| pasu | -m |
| pasu | -m |
| field | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| onč́ə̑ktaš |
| onč́ə̑kt | -aš |
| onč́ə̑kto | -aš |
| show | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| onč́ə̑ktaš |
| onč́ə̑ | -kt | -aš |
| onč́o | -kte | -aš |
| look | -CAUS | -INF |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -inf |
|
| tüŋalat. |
| tüŋal | -at |
| tüŋal | -at |
| start | -2SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| tüŋalat. |
| tüŋal | -Ø | -at |
| tüŋal | -Ø | -at |
| start | -CNG | -and |
| vb1 | -conn | -enc |
| tüŋalat. |
| tüŋal | -Ø | -at |
| tüŋal | -Ø | -at |
| start | -CVB | -and |
| vb1 | -adv | -enc |
|
gidraβlika 1
Gidraβlika dene specialist
| Gidraβlika |
| Gidraβlika |
| Gidraβlika |
| Gidravlika |
| na |
|
|
| specialist |
| specialist |
| specialist |
| specialist |
| no |
|
gidraβlič́eskij 1
Gidraβlič́eskij press
| Gidraβlič́eskij |
| Gidraβlič́eskij |
| gidraβlič́eskij |
| hydraulic |
| ad |
|
| press |
| press |
| press |
| press |
| no |
|
gidraβlič́eskij 2 (J. Jalmarij)
Traktor poč́eš gidraβlič́eskij katokə̑m pižə̑ktaš gə̑n, oč́ə̑ni, tə̑štə̑žat šalana, – agronom šə̑rgə̑žale.
| Traktor |
| Traktor |
| traktor |
| tractor |
| no |
|
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| recent |
| ad/av/po |
| poč́eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| tail | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| poč́eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| open | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| gidraβlič́eskij |
| gidraβlič́eskij |
| gidraβlič́eskij |
| hydraulic |
| ad |
|
| katokə̑m |
| katok | -ə̑m |
| katok | -m |
| skating.rink | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| katokə̑m |
| katok | -ə̑m |
| katok | -m |
| steamroller | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| pižə̑ktaš |
| pižə̑kt | -aš |
| pižə̑kte | -aš |
| hook | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| pižə̑ktaš |
| piž | -ə̑kt | -aš |
| piž | -kte | -aš |
| stick | -CAUS | -INF |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -inf |
|
|
| oč́ə̑ni, |
| oč́ə̑ńi |
| oč́ə̑ńi |
| probably |
| pa |
|
| tə̑štə̑žat |
| tə̑štə̑ | -ž | -at |
| tə̑šte | -že | -at |
| here | -3SG | -and |
| av/pr | -poss | -enc |
| tə̑štə̑žat |
| tə̑š | -tə̑ | -ž | -at |
| tə̑š | -šte | -že | -at |
| here | -INE | -3SG | -and |
| av/pr | -case | -poss | -enc |
|
| šalana, – |
| šala | -na |
| šala | -na |
| shaggy | -1PL |
| ad/av | -poss |
| šalana, – |
| šalan | -a |
| šalane | -a |
| be.scattered | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| agronom |
| agronom |
| agronom |
| agronomist |
| no |
|
| šə̑rgə̑žale. |
| šə̑rgə̑žal | -'e |
| šə̑rgə̑žal | -Je |
| smile | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gidroliz 1
Gidroliz ru zaβod
| Gidroliz |
| Gidroliz |
| gidroliz |
| hydrolysis |
| no |
|
| ru |
| ru | -Ø |
| ruo | -Ø |
| chop | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ru |
| ru | -Ø |
| ruo | -Ø |
| chop | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| zaβod |
| zaβod |
| zaβod |
| factory |
| no |
|
gidroliz 2
gidroliz spirt
| gidroliz |
| gidroliz |
| gidroliz |
| hydrolysis |
| no |
|
| spirt |
| spirt |
| spirt |
| spirit |
| no |
|
gidrometeorologič́eskij 1
Gidrometeorologič́eskij stancij
| Gidrometeorologič́eskij |
| Gidrometeorologič́eskij |
| gidrometeorologič́eskij |
| hydrometeorological |
| ad |
|
| stancij |
| stancij |
| stancij |
| station |
| no |
|
gidrometeorologič́eskij 2
gidrometeorologič́eskij služba
| gidrometeorologič́eskij |
| gidrometeorologič́eskij |
| gidrometeorologič́eskij |
| hydrometeorological |
| ad |
|
|
gidrometeorologič́eskij 3 («Mar. kom.»)
Teβe igeč́ə̑m βiktarə̑me central'nə̑j stancij. Ümbač́ onč́ə̑mašte tudo aeroportə̑n gidrometeorologič́eskij obserβatorij gaj koješ.
| Teβe |
| Teβe |
| teβe |
| here |
| av/co/pa |
|
| igeč́ə̑m |
| igeč́ə̑ | -m |
| igeč́e | -m |
| weather | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| βiktarə̑me |
| βiktarə̑me |
| βiktarə̑me |
| control |
| ad |
| βiktarə̑me |
| βiktarə̑ | -me |
| βiktare | -me |
| stretch.out | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| central'nə̑j |
| central'nə̑j |
| central'nə̑j |
| central |
| ad |
|
| stancij. |
| stancij |
| stancij |
| station |
| no |
|
| Ümbač́ |
| Ümbač́ |
| ümbač́ |
| from.above |
| av/po |
|
| onč́ə̑mašte |
| onč́ə̑maš | -te |
| onč́ə̑maš | -šte |
| look | -INE |
| no | -case |
| onč́ə̑mašte |
| onč́ə̑ | -maš | -te |
| onč́o | -maš | -šte |
| look | -NMLZ | -INE |
| vb2 | -deriv.n | -case |
|
|
| aeroportə̑n |
| aeroport | -ə̑n |
| aeroport | -n |
| airport | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gidrometeorologič́eskij |
| gidrometeorologič́eskij |
| gidrometeorologič́eskij |
| hydrometeorological |
| ad |
|
| obserβatorij |
| obserβatorij |
| obserβatorij |
| observatory |
| no |
|
| gaj |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
| koješ. |
| koješ |
| koješ |
| it.seems |
| pa |
| koješ. |
| koj | -eš |
| koj | -eš |
| be.visible | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gidromeχanič́eskij 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Vinogradə̑m šə̑ndə̑mašte gidromeχanič́eskij jönə̑m kumdan kuč́ə̑ltaš palemdə̑me.
| Vinogradə̑m |
| Vinograd | -ə̑m |
| βinograd | -m |
| grape | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šə̑ndə̑mašte |
| šə̑ndə̑maš | -te |
| šə̑ndə̑maš | -šte |
| planting | -INE |
| no | -case |
| šə̑ndə̑mašte |
| šə̑ndə̑ | -maš | -te |
| šə̑nde | -maš | -šte |
| put | -NMLZ | -INE |
| vb2 | -deriv.n | -case |
|
| gidromeχanič́eskij |
| gidromeχanič́eskij |
| gidromeχanič́eskij |
| hydromechanical |
| ad |
|
| jönə̑m |
| jön | -ə̑m |
| jön | -m |
| method | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kumdan |
| kumdan |
| kumdan |
| widely |
| av |
| kumdan |
| kumda | -n |
| kumda | -an |
| wide | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| kumdan |
| kumda | -n |
| kumda | -n |
| wide | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| kumdan |
| kum | -da | -n |
| kum | -da | -n |
| godfather.of.one's.child | -2PL | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -case |
| kumdan |
| kum | -da | -n |
| kum | -da | -n |
| three | -2PL | -GEN |
| nm | -poss | -case |
|
| kuč́ə̑ltaš |
| kuč́ə̑lt | -aš |
| kuč́ə̑lt | -aš |
| hold | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
| palemdə̑me. |
| palemdə̑me |
| palemdə̑me |
| set |
| ad |
| palemdə̑me. |
| palemdə̑ | -me |
| palemde | -me |
| mark | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
| palemdə̑me. |
| palem | -də̑me |
| palem | -də̑me |
| become.noticeable | -PTCP.NEG |
| vb1 | -ad |
| palemdə̑me. |
| pal | -em | -də̑me |
| pale | -em | -də̑me |
| marking | -TRANS | -PTCP.NEG |
| ad/no | -deriv.v | -ad |
|
gidroponika 1
Gidroponikə̑m šə̑ŋdaraš
| Gidroponikə̑m |
| Gidroponikə̑ | -m |
| gidroponike | -m |
| hydroponics | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šə̑ŋdaraš |
| šə̑ŋdar | -aš |
| šə̑ŋdare | -aš |
| fit.in | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gidrosamol'ot 1
Šem teŋə̑z ümbake gidrosamol'ot βolen šinč́e.
|
|
| teŋə̑z |
| teŋə̑z |
| teŋə̑z |
| sea |
| no |
|
| ümbake |
| ümbake |
| ümbake |
| the.top |
| av/po |
|
| gidrosamol'ot |
| gidrosamol'ot |
| gidrosamol'ot |
| seaplane |
| no |
|
| βolen |
| βol | -en | -Ø |
| βolo | -en | -Ø |
| descend | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βolen |
| βol | -en |
| βolo | -en |
| descend | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šinč́e. |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| sit | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šinč́e. |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| know | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šinč́e. |
| šinč́ | -e |
| šinč́ | -Je |
| sit.down | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šinč́e. |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| sit | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| šinč́e. |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| šinč́e | -Ø |
| know | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
gidrostancij 1
Kugu βijan gidrostancij
|
|
| βijan |
| βijan |
| βijan |
| strong |
| ad/av |
| βijan |
| βij | -an |
| βij | -an |
| power | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| gidrostancij |
| gidrostancij |
| gidrostancij |
| hydroelectric.power.plant |
| no |
|
gidrostancij 2 (A. Volkoβ)
Mikal'a. Ajda, Andrej, luč́o gidrostancij deke mijen saβə̑rnena.
| Mikal'a. |
| Mikal'a |
| Mikal'a |
| Mikal'a |
| na |
|
| Ajda, |
| Ajda |
| ajda |
| let's.go |
| pa |
|
| Andrej, |
| Andrej |
| Andrej |
| Andrey |
| na |
|
| luč́o |
| luč́o |
| luč́o |
| rather |
| ad/av/no |
|
| gidrostancij |
| gidrostancij |
| gidrostancij |
| hydroelectric.power.plant |
| no |
|
|
| mijen |
| mij | -en | -Ø |
| mije | -en | -Ø |
| come | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| mijen |
| mij | -en |
| mije | -en |
| come | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| saβə̑rnena. |
| saβə̑rn | -ena |
| saβə̑rne | -ena |
| turn | -1PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gidroterapij 1
Sanatorijə̑šte gidroterapijə̑m kumdan kuč́ə̑ltə̑t.
| Sanatorijə̑šte |
| Sanatorij | -ə̑šte |
| sanatorij | -šte |
| sanatorium | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| gidroterapijə̑m |
| gidroterapij | -ə̑m |
| gidroterapij | -m |
| hydropathy | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kumdan |
| kumdan |
| kumdan |
| widely |
| av |
| kumdan |
| kumda | -n |
| kumda | -an |
| wide | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| kumdan |
| kumda | -n |
| kumda | -n |
| wide | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| kumdan |
| kum | -da | -n |
| kum | -da | -n |
| godfather.of.one's.child | -2PL | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -case |
| kumdan |
| kum | -da | -n |
| kum | -da | -n |
| three | -2PL | -GEN |
| nm | -poss | -case |
|
| kuč́ə̑ltə̑t. |
| kuč́ə̑lt | -ə̑t |
| kuč́ə̑lt | -ə̑t |
| hold | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gidroteχnik 1 (M. Šketan)
Obzu gə̑č́ tolšo gidroteχnik-βlak kok plange jatə̑r onč́en šinč́enə̑t, smetə̑mat šotlen, tergen nalə̑nə̑t.
|
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| tolšo |
| tolšo |
| tolšo |
| coming |
| ad/no |
| tolšo |
| tol | -šo |
| tol | -še |
| come | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| gidroteχnik-βlak |
| gidroteχnik | -βlak |
| gidroteχnik | -βlak |
| hydraulic.engineer | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
|
| plange |
| plan | -ge |
| plan | -ge |
| plan | -COM |
| no | -case |
|
| jatə̑r |
| jatə̑r |
| jatə̑r |
| much |
| av/no/pr |
|
| onč́en |
| onč́ | -en | -Ø |
| onč́o | -en | -Ø |
| look | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| onč́en |
| onč́ | -en |
| onč́o | -en |
| look | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šinč́enə̑t, |
| šinč́ | -en | -ə̑t |
| šinč́e | -en | -ə̑t |
| sit | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šinč́enə̑t, |
| šinč́ | -en | -ə̑t |
| šinč́e | -en | -ə̑t |
| know | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| smetə̑mat |
| smetə̑ | -m | -at |
| smete | -m | -at |
| estimate | -ACC | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
|
| šotlen, |
| šotl | -en | -Ø |
| šotlo | -en | -Ø |
| count | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šotlen, |
| šotl | -en |
| šotlo | -en |
| count | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| tergen |
| tergen |
| tergen |
| searchingly |
| av |
| tergen |
| terg | -en | -Ø |
| terge | -en | -Ø |
| check | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| tergen |
| terg | -en |
| terge | -en |
| check | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| nalə̑nə̑t. |
| nal | -ə̑n | -ə̑t |
| nal | -n | -ə̑t |
| take | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
|
gidroteχnika 1 (A. Asajeβ)
Mə̑j βet stroitel'... gidroteχnika dene.
|
|
|
| stroitel'... |
| stroitel' |
| stroitel' |
| builder |
| no |
|
| gidroteχnika |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
|
gidrouzel 1
Julə̑so gidrouzel
| Julə̑so |
| Julə̑so |
| julə̑so |
| Volga |
| ad |
| Julə̑so |
| Jul | -ə̑so |
| Jul | -se |
| Volga | -ADJ |
| pn | -deriv.ad |
|
| gidrouzel |
| gidrouzel |
| gidrouzel |
| hydroelectric.complex |
| no |
|
gidroelektrostancij 1 (Je. Jangil'din)
Tide ola deč́ mündə̑rnö ogə̑l Jul βüdə̑štö gidroelektrostancij βerlanen.
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| ola |
| o | -la |
| o | -la |
| oh | -STR |
| in | -enc |
|
|
| mündə̑rnö |
| mündə̑rnö |
| mündə̑rnö |
| far |
| av/po |
|
| ogə̑l |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
|
| βüdə̑štö |
| βüd | -ə̑štö |
| βüd | -šte |
| water | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| gidroelektrostancij |
| gidroelektrostancij |
| gidroelektrostancij |
| hydroelectric.power.plant |
| no |
|
| βerlanen. |
| βerlan | -en | -Ø |
| βerlane | -en | -Ø |
| settle | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βerlanen. |
| βerlan | -en |
| βerlane | -en |
| settle | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gijena 1 (M. Kazakoβ)
Vot izi gə̑na šakal – βürlan temdə̑me, osal. A poškudə̑žo gijena, tudə̑n gajak opkə̑n.
|
|
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| šakal – |
| šakal |
| šakal |
| jackal |
| no |
|
| βürlan |
| βürl | -an |
| βürlö | -an |
| bloody | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| βürlan |
| βür | -lan |
| βür | -lan |
| blood | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| βürlan |
| βür | -la | -n |
| βür | -la | -n |
| blood | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| temdə̑me, |
| temdə̑me |
| temdə̑me |
| insatiable |
| ad |
| temdə̑me, |
| temdə̑me |
| temdə̑me |
| pressure |
| ad |
| temdə̑me, |
| temdə̑ | -me |
| temde | -me |
| push | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
| temdə̑me, |
| tem | -də̑me |
| tem | -də̑me |
| fill.up | -PTCP.NEG |
| vb1 | -ad |
| temdə̑me, |
| te | -m | -də̑me |
| te | -em | -də̑me |
| 2PL | -TRANS | -PTCP.NEG |
| pr | -deriv.v | -ad |
|
| osal. |
| osal |
| osal |
| evil |
| ad/no |
|
|
| poškudə̑žo |
| poškudə̑ | -žo |
| poškudo | -že |
| neighbor | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| his/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑n |
| tudo | -n |
| tudo | -n |
| 3SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| gajak |
| gajak |
| gajak |
| almost |
| po |
| gajak |
| gaj | -ak |
| gaj | -ak |
| like | -STR |
| ad/av/pa/po | -enc |
| gajak |
| gaj | -ak |
| gaje | -ak |
| like | -STR |
| po | -enc |
|
| opkə̑n. |
| opkə̑n |
| opkə̑n |
| greedy.person |
| ad/no |
|
gil'za 1
Snaŕad gil'za
| Snaŕad |
| Snaŕad |
| snaŕad |
| projectile |
| no |
|
|
gil'za 2
izi kalibran gil'za
|
|
| kalibran |
| kalibran |
| kalibran |
| caliber |
| ad |
| kalibran |
| kalibr | -an |
| kalibr | -an |
| gauge | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
gil'za 3 (M.-Azmekej)
Mə̑jže pul'an patronə̑m βaštalten šə̑ndə̑nem, no niguze om kert: patron gil'za pižə̑n šinč́ə̑n.
| Mə̑jže |
| mə̑j | -že |
| mə̑j | -že |
| 1SG | -3SG |
| pr | -poss |
|
| pul'an |
| pul'a | -n |
| pul'a | -an |
| bullet | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| pul'an |
| pul'a | -n |
| pul'a | -n |
| bullet | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| patronə̑m |
| patron | -ə̑m |
| patron | -m |
| cartridge | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| βaštalten |
| βaštalt | -en | -Ø |
| βaštalte | -en | -Ø |
| change | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βaštalten |
| βaštalt | -en |
| βaštalte | -en |
| change | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šə̑ndə̑nem, |
| šə̑ndə̑ | -ne | -m |
| šə̑nde | -ne | -m |
| put | -DES | -1SG |
| vb2 | -mood | -pers |
|
|
| niguze |
| ńiguze |
| ńiguze |
| in.no.way |
| av/pr |
|
| om |
| o | -m |
| o | -m |
| NEG | -1SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| kert: |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kert: |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| swaddle | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kert: |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| kert: |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| swaddle | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| kert: |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| kert: |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| swaddle | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| patron |
| patron |
| patron |
| cartridge |
| no |
|
|
| pižə̑n |
| piž | -ə̑n |
| piž | -n |
| mitten | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| pižə̑n |
| piž | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| piž | -n | -Ø |
| stick | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| pižə̑n |
| piž | -ə̑n |
| piž | -n |
| stick | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| šinč́ə̑n. |
| šinč́ | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| šinč́ | -n | -Ø |
| sit.down | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šinč́ə̑n. |
| šinč́ | -ə̑n |
| šinč́ | -n |
| sit.down | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gil'za 4 (N. Lekajn)
Vintoβkə̑ž gə̑č́ ikte poč́eš βes patronə̑m lüjen, gil'zə̑m luktə̑n kudalta.
| Vintoβkə̑ž |
| Vintoβkə̑ | -ž |
| βintoβko | -že |
| rifle | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
|
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| recent |
| ad/av/po |
| poč́eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| tail | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| poč́eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| open | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| βes |
| βes |
| βes |
| different |
| ad/pr |
|
| patronə̑m |
| patron | -ə̑m |
| patron | -m |
| cartridge | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| lüjen, |
| lüj | -en | -Ø |
| lüjö | -en | -Ø |
| shoot | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| lüjen, |
| lüj | -en |
| lüjö | -en |
| shoot | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| gil'zə̑m |
| gil'zə̑ | -m |
| gil'ze | -m |
| shell | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| luktə̑n |
| lukt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lukt | -n | -Ø |
| lead.out | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| luktə̑n |
| lukt | -ə̑n |
| lukt | -n |
| lead.out | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| kudalta. |
| kudalt | -a |
| kudalte | -a |
| throw | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gimn 1
SSSR-ə̑n gimnže
| SSSR-ə̑n |
| SSSR-ə̑n |
| SSSR-ə̑n |
| SSSR-yn |
| na |
|
| gimnže |
| gimn | -že |
| gimn | -že |
| anthem | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
gimn 2
partijə̑n gimnže
| partijə̑n |
| partij | -ə̑n |
| partij | -n |
| party | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gimnže |
| gimn | -že |
| gimn | -že |
| anthem | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
gimn 3 («Mar. kom.»)
Orkestr SSSR-ə̑n Gosudarstβennə̑j gimnžə̑m šokta.
| Orkestr |
| Orkestr |
| orkestr |
| orchestra |
| no |
|
| SSSR-ə̑n |
| SSSR-ə̑n |
| SSSR-ə̑n |
| SSSR-yn |
| na |
|
| Gosudarstβennə̑j |
| Gosudarstβennə̑j |
| gosudarstβennə̑j |
| state |
| ad |
|
| gimnžə̑m |
| gimn | -žə̑ | -m |
| gimn | -že | -m |
| anthem | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| šokta. |
| šokt | -a |
| šokto | -a |
| be.heard | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gimn 4
Erə̑k gimn
| Erə̑k |
| Erə̑k |
| erə̑k |
| freedom |
| ad/no |
|
|
gimn 5 (Sodoron)
(Šemer kalə̑k) Šergə̑ltare u muretə̑m, erə̑k gimnə̑m č́ot mural.
| (Šemer |
| Šemer |
| šemer |
| worker |
| no |
|
| kalə̑k) |
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| people |
| no |
|
| Šergə̑ltare |
| Šergə̑ltare | -Ø |
| šergə̑ltare | -Ø |
| fill | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Šergə̑ltare |
| Šergə̑ltare | -Ø |
| šergə̑ltare | -Ø |
| fill | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| take.care.of | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| stroke | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| take.care.of | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| u |
| u | -Ø |
| uo | -Ø |
| stroke | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| muretə̑m, |
| mur | -et | -ə̑m |
| muro | -et | -m |
| song | -2SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| erə̑k |
| erə̑k |
| erə̑k |
| freedom |
| ad/no |
|
| gimnə̑m |
| gimn | -ə̑m |
| gimn | -m |
| anthem | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
|
| mural. |
| mural | -Ø |
| mural | -Ø |
| sing | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| mural. |
| mural | -Ø |
| mural | -Ø |
| sing | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| mural. |
| mural | -Ø |
| mural | -Ø |
| sing | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gimnazij 1 (A. Bik)
Üdə̑ržö č́astnə̑j gimnazijə̑šte tunemeš.
| Üdə̑ržö |
| Üdə̑r | -žö |
| üdə̑r | -že |
| daughter | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| Üdə̑ržö |
| Üdə̑r | -žö |
| Üdə̑r | -že |
| Virgo | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| č́astnə̑j |
| č́astnə̑j |
| č́astnə̑j |
| private |
| ad/no |
|
| gimnazijə̑šte |
| gimnazij | -ə̑šte |
| gimnazij | -šte |
| secondary.school | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| tunemeš. |
| tunem | -eš |
| tunem | -eš |
| learn | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gimnazij 2 (A. Bik)
Škol ožnə̑so gimnazij pörteš βerlanen.
|
|
| ožnə̑so |
| ožnə̑so |
| ožnə̑so |
| ancient |
| ad/no |
|
| gimnazij |
| gimnazij |
| gimnazij |
| secondary.school |
| no |
|
| pörteš |
| pört | -eš |
| pört | -eš |
| house | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| βerlanen. |
| βerlan | -en | -Ø |
| βerlane | -en | -Ø |
| settle | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βerlanen. |
| βerlan | -en |
| βerlane | -en |
| settle | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gimnazist 1 (F. Majoroβ)
Teŋgeč́ə̑se gimnazist, seminarist-βlaklan praporš́š́ik pogonə̑m saken puenə̑tat, rota komandirlan koltenə̑t.
| Teŋgeč́ə̑se |
| Teŋgeč́ə̑se |
| teŋgeč́ə̑se |
| of.yesterday |
| ad |
|
| gimnazist, |
| gimnazist |
| gimnazist |
| secondary.school.pupil |
| no |
|
| seminarist-βlaklan |
| seminarist | -βlak | -lan |
| seminarist | -βlak | -lan |
| seminarist | -PL | -DAT |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| praporš́š́ik |
| praporš́š́ik |
| praporš́š́ik |
| warrant.officer |
| no |
|
| pogonə̑m |
| pogon | -ə̑m |
| pogon | -m |
| shoulder.strap | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| saken |
| sak | -en | -Ø |
| sake | -en | -Ø |
| hang.up | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| saken |
| sak | -en |
| sake | -en |
| hang.up | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| puenə̑tat, |
| pu} | -en | -ə̑t | -at |
| puo | -en | -ə̑t | -at |
| give | -PST2 | -3PL | -and |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| puenə̑tat, |
| pu} | -en | -ə̑t | -at |
| puo | -en | -ə̑t | -at |
| blow | -PST2 | -3PL | -and |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
|
|
| komandirlan |
| komandir | -lan |
| komandir | -lan |
| commander | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| komandirlan |
| komandir | -la | -n |
| komandir | -la | -n |
| commander | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| koltenə̑t. |
| kolt | -en | -ə̑t |
| kolto | -en | -ə̑t |
| send | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gimnazistka 1 (S. Č́aβajn)
Student, pašaze, saltak, gimnazist, gimnazistka-βlak – pə̑č́al denat, pə̑č́al deč́ posnat – šukə̑n ulə̑t.
| Student, |
| Student |
| student |
| student |
| no |
|
| pašaze, |
| pašaze |
| pašaze |
| worker |
| ad/no |
|
| saltak, |
| saltak |
| saltak |
| soldier |
| no |
|
| gimnazist, |
| gimnazist |
| gimnazist |
| secondary.school.pupil |
| no |
|
| gimnazistka-βlak – |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| pə̑č́al |
| pə̑č́al |
| pə̑č́al |
| gun |
| no |
|
| denat, |
| den | -at |
| den | -at |
| and | -and |
| co | -enc |
| denat, |
| den | -at |
| dene | -at |
| with | -and |
| po | -enc |
|
| pə̑č́al |
| pə̑č́al |
| pə̑č́al |
| gun |
| no |
|
|
| posnat – |
| posna | -t |
| posna | -et |
| isolated | -2SG |
| ad/av | -poss |
| posnat – |
| posna | -t |
| posna | -at |
| isolated | -and |
| ad/av | -enc |
|
| šukə̑n |
| šukə̑n |
| šukə̑n |
| a.lot |
| av |
| šukə̑n |
| šukə̑ | -n |
| šuko | -n |
| a.lot | -GEN |
| ad/av/no | -case |
|
| ulə̑t. |
| ul | -ə̑t |
| ul | -ə̑t |
| be | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gimnast 1
Tale gimnast
|
|
| gimnast |
| gimnast |
| gimnast |
| gymnast |
| no |
|
gimnast 2
palə̑me gimnast
| palə̑me |
| palə̑me |
| palə̑me |
| known |
| ad |
| palə̑me |
| palə̑ | -me |
| pale | -me |
| know | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| gimnast |
| gimnast |
| gimnast |
| gymnast |
| no |
|
gimnast 3 (V. Kosorotoβ)
Nunə̑n (rβeze-βlak) koklašte Slaβa Bə̑stroβ posnak ojə̑rtemalteš: oŋžo, pulə̑šə̑žo tudə̑n č́ə̑lt gimnastə̑n gaj.
| Nunə̑n |
| Nunə̑n |
| nunə̑n |
| their |
| pr |
| Nunə̑n |
| nuno | -n |
| nuno | -n |
| 3PL | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| (rβeze-βlak) |
| rβeze | -βlak |
| rβeze | -βlak |
| young.man | -PL |
| ad/no | -num |
|
| koklašte |
| koklašte |
| koklašte |
| in |
| av/po |
| koklašte |
| kokla | -šte |
| kokla | -šte |
| distance | -INE |
| ad/no | -case |
| koklašte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| cook | -PL | -INE |
| no | -num | -case |
| koklašte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| two | -PL | -INE |
| nm | -num | -case |
|
| Slaβa |
| Slaβa |
| Slaβa |
| Slava |
| na |
|
| Bə̑stroβ |
| Bə̑stroβ |
| Bə̑stroβ |
| Bystrov |
| na |
|
| posnak |
| posnak |
| posnak |
| especially |
| av |
| posnak |
| posna | -k |
| posna | -ak |
| isolated | -STR |
| ad/av | -enc |
|
| ojə̑rtemalteš: |
| ojə̑rtemalt | -eš |
| ojə̑rtemalt | -eš |
| differ | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| oŋžo, |
| oŋ | -žo |
| oŋ | -že |
| chest | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| pulə̑šə̑žo |
| pulə̑š | -ə̑žo |
| pulə̑š | -že |
| upper.arm | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| his/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑n |
| tudo | -n |
| tudo | -n |
| 3SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| č́ə̑lt |
| č́ə̑lt |
| č́ə̑lt |
| completely |
| av/pa |
|
| gimnastə̑n |
| gimnast | -ə̑n |
| gimnast | -n |
| gymnast | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gaj. |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
gimnast'orka 1
Užar gimnast'orka
|
|
| gimnast'orka |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
gimnast'orka 2
saltak gimnast'orka
| saltak |
| saltak |
| saltak |
| soldier |
| no |
|
| gimnast'orka |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
gimnast'orka 3 (V. Iβanoβ)
Ümbalnə̑že – ošemaš tüŋalše gimnast'orka, jolə̑štə̑žo – kužu šulə̑šan kem.
| Ümbalnə̑že – |
| Ümbalnə̑ | -že |
| ümbalne | -že |
| above | -3SG |
| av/po | -poss |
|
| ošemaš |
| ošem | -aš |
| ošem | -aš |
| turn.white | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| ošemaš |
| oš | -em | -aš |
| oš | -em | -aš |
| white | -TRANS | -INF |
| ad | -deriv.v | -inf |
| ošemaš |
| oš | -em | -aš |
| ošo | -em | -aš |
| white | -TRANS | -INF |
| ad | -deriv.v | -inf |
|
| tüŋalše |
| tüŋalše |
| tüŋalše |
| beginning |
| ad/no |
| tüŋalše |
| tüŋal | -še |
| tüŋal | -še |
| start | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| gimnast'orka, |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| jolə̑štə̑žo – |
| jolə̑štə̑ | -žo |
| jolə̑što | -že |
| tie.up | -IMP.3SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| jolə̑štə̑žo – |
| jol | -ə̑štə̑ | -žo |
| jol | -šte | -že |
| foot | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
| jolə̑štə̑žo – |
| jolə̑štə̑ | -Ø | -žo |
| jolə̑što | -Ø | -že |
| tie.up | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb2 | -conn | -poss |
|
|
| šulə̑šan |
| šulə̑š | -an |
| šulə̑š | -an |
| bootleg | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| šulə̑šan |
| šulə̑š | -an |
| šulə̑šo | -an |
| melting | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| šulə̑šan |
| šulə̑ | -š | -an |
| šulo | -še | -an |
| melt | -PTCP.ACT | -with |
| vb2 | -ad | -deriv.ad |
|
|
gimnast'orka 4
Gimnast'orka poldə̑š
| Gimnast'orka |
| Gimnast'orka |
| Gimnast'orka |
| Gimnast'orka |
| na |
|
| poldə̑š |
| poldə̑š |
| poldə̑š |
| button |
| no |
|
gimnast'orka 5
gimnast'orka šokš
| gimnast'orka |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
|
gimnast'orka 6 (V. Iβanoβ)
Boris oskolko dene šütlə̑šö komsomol'skij biletšə̑m šümžö βokten, gimnast'orka küsenə̑škə̑že pə̑šta.
| Boris |
| Boris |
| Boris |
| Boris |
| na |
|
| oskolko |
| oskolko |
| oskolko |
| splinter |
| no |
|
|
| šütlə̑šö |
| šütlə̑šö |
| šütlə̑šö |
| pierced |
| ad |
| šütlə̑šö |
| šütlə̑ | -šö |
| šütlö | -še |
| be.punctured | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| komsomol'skij |
| komsomol'skij |
| komsomol'skij |
| Komsomol |
| ad |
|
| biletšə̑m |
| bilet | -šə̑ | -m |
| bilet | -že | -m |
| ticket | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| šümžö |
| šüm | -žö |
| šüm | -že |
| heart | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| šümžö |
| šüm | -žö |
| šüm | -že |
| feeling | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| šümžö |
| šüm | -žö |
| šüm | -že |
| bark | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| βokten, |
| βokten |
| βokten |
| beside |
| av/po |
| βokten, |
| βokt | -en | -Ø |
| βokto | -en | -Ø |
| strip.bark | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βokten, |
| βokt | -en |
| βokto | -en |
| strip.bark | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| gimnast'orka |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| küsenə̑škə̑že |
| küsen | -ə̑škə̑ | -že |
| küsen | -ške | -že |
| pocket | -ILL | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
| küsenə̑škə̑že |
| küsen | -ə̑škə̑ | -že |
| küsen | -ške | -že |
| tendon | -ILL | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
| küsenə̑škə̑že |
| küse | -n | -ə̑škə̑ | -že |
| küse | -n | -ške | -že |
| X | -GEN | -ILL | -3SG |
| no | -case | -case | -poss |
|
| pə̑šta. |
| pə̑št | -a |
| pə̑šte | -a |
| put | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gimnast'orkan 1 (I. Vasil'jeβ)
Keneta jörlšö kož βoktene, šikš loŋgašte, kande gimnast'orkan jeŋə̑m užo.
| Keneta |
| Keneta |
| keneta |
| suddenly |
| av |
|
| jörlšö |
| jörlšö |
| jörlšö |
| fallen |
| ad |
| jörlšö |
| jörl | -šö |
| jörl | -še |
| fall | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
|
| βoktene, |
| βoktene |
| βoktene |
| beside |
| av/po |
|
| šikš |
| šikš | -Ø |
| šikš | -Ø |
| give.off.smoke | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| šikš |
| šikš | -Ø |
| šikš | -Ø |
| give.off.smoke | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| šikš |
| šikš | -Ø |
| šikš | -Ø |
| give.off.smoke | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| loŋgašte, |
| loŋgašte |
| loŋgašte |
| amidst |
| po |
| loŋgašte, |
| loŋga | -šte |
| loŋga | -šte |
| thicket | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| kande |
| kande |
| kande |
| blue |
| ad |
|
| gimnast'orkan |
| gimnast'ork | -an |
| gimnast'orko | -an |
| soldieŕs.blouse | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| jeŋə̑m |
| jeŋ | -ə̑m |
| jeŋ | -m |
| person | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| užo. |
| u | -žo |
| u | -že |
| new | -3SG |
| ad/no | -poss |
| užo. |
| u | -žo |
| u | -že |
| oh | -3SG |
| in | -poss |
| užo. |
| už | -o |
| už | -Je |
| see | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| užo. |
| u | -Ø | -žo |
| uo | -Ø | -že |
| take.care.of | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb2 | -conn | -poss |
| užo. |
| u | -Ø | -žo |
| uo | -Ø | -že |
| stroke | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb2 | -conn | -poss |
|
gimnastika 1
Sportiβnə̑j gimnastika
| Sportiβnə̑j |
| Sportiβnə̑j |
| sportiβnə̑j |
| sports |
| ad |
|
| gimnastika |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
gimnastika 2
erdenə̑se gimnastika
| erdenə̑se |
| erdenə̑se |
| erdenə̑se |
| morning |
| ad |
|
| gimnastika |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
gimnastika 3
χudožestβennə̑j gimnastika
| χudožestβennə̑j |
| χudožestβennə̑j |
| χudožestβennə̑j |
| artistic |
| ad |
|
| gimnastika |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
gimnastika 4
proizβodstβennə̑j gimnastika
| proizβodstβennə̑j |
| proizβodstβennə̑j |
| proizβodstβennə̑j |
| production |
| ad |
|
| gimnastika |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
gimnastika 5 (A. Ajzenβort)
Me onč́ə̑č́ gimnastikə̑m ə̑šten nalə̑na, – Vańu, berdankə̑m omaš βokten šogalten, peleštə̑š.
|
|
| onč́ə̑č́ |
| onč́ə̑č́ |
| onč́ə̑č́ |
| from.in.front.of |
| av/po |
|
| gimnastikə̑m |
| gimnastikə̑ | -m |
| gimnastike | -m |
| gymnastics | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑šten |
| ə̑št | -en | -Ø |
| ə̑šte | -en | -Ø |
| do | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑šten |
| ə̑št | -en |
| ə̑šte | -en |
| do | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| nalə̑na, – |
| nal'ə̑ | -na |
| nal'e | -na |
| soft.red.clay | -1PL |
| no | -poss |
| nalə̑na, – |
| nal | -ə̑na |
| nal | -na |
| take | -1PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
|
| berdankə̑m |
| berdankə̑ | -m |
| berdanke | -m |
| Berdan.rifle | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| omaš |
| omaš |
| omaš |
| brushwood.shelter |
| no |
|
| βokten |
| βokten |
| βokten |
| beside |
| av/po |
| βokten |
| βokt | -en | -Ø |
| βokto | -en | -Ø |
| strip.bark | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βokten |
| βokt | -en |
| βokto | -en |
| strip.bark | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šogalten, |
| šogalt | -en | -Ø |
| šogalte | -en | -Ø |
| put | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šogalten, |
| šogalt | -en |
| šogalte | -en |
| put | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| peleštə̑š. |
| peleštə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| pelešte | -š | -Ø |
| say | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gimnastič́eskij 1
Gimnastič́eskij upražnenij
| Gimnastič́eskij |
| Gimnastič́eskij |
| gimnastič́eskij |
| gymnastic |
| ad |
|
| upražnenij |
| upražnenij |
| upražnenij |
| exercise |
| no |
|
gimnastič́eskij 2
gimnastič́eskij snaŕad
| gimnastič́eskij |
| gimnastič́eskij |
| gimnastič́eskij |
| gymnastic |
| ad |
|
| snaŕad |
| snaŕad |
| snaŕad |
| projectile |
| no |
|
gimnastič́eskij 3 (D. Ul'janoβ)
Vladimir Il'ič́ nine ijlašte gimnastič́eskij upražnenijə̑m ə̑štaš jöraten.
| Vladimir |
| Vladimir |
| Vladimir |
| Vladimir |
| na |
|
| Il'ič́ |
| Il'ič́ |
| Il'ič́ |
| Il'ich |
| na |
|
|
| ijlašte |
| ij | -la | -šte |
| ij | -la | -šte |
| year | -PL | -INE |
| no | -num | -case |
| ijlašte |
| ij | -la | -šte |
| ij | -la | -šte |
| ice | -PL | -INE |
| no | -num | -case |
| ijlašte |
| ij | -la | -šte |
| ij | -la | -šte |
| chisel | -PL | -INE |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| gimnastič́eskij |
| gimnastič́eskij |
| gimnastič́eskij |
| gymnastic |
| ad |
|
| upražnenijə̑m |
| upražnenij | -ə̑m |
| upražnenij | -m |
| exercise | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑štaš |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| jöraten. |
| jöraten |
| jöraten |
| X |
| av |
| jöraten. |
| jörat | -en | -Ø |
| jörate | -en | -Ø |
| love | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| jöraten. |
| jörat | -en |
| jörate | -en |
| love | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
ginekolog 1 (K. Berezin)
Koktə̑nat βrač́ ulə̑t: marijže – tüŋ χirurg, βatə̑že – ginekolog.
| Koktə̑nat |
| Koktə̑nat |
| koktə̑nat |
| both |
| av |
| Koktə̑nat |
| Koktə̑n | -at |
| koktə̑n | -at |
| as.a.pair | -and |
| av | -enc |
|
| βrač́ |
| βrač́ |
| βrač́ |
| doctor |
| no |
|
| ulə̑t: |
| ul | -ə̑t |
| ul | -ə̑t |
| be | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| marijže – |
| marij | -že |
| marij | -že |
| Mari | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ |
| foundation |
| ad/no |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| freeze | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| freeze | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| freeze | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| χirurg, |
| χirurg |
| χirurg |
| surgeon |
| no |
|
| βatə̑že – |
| βatə̑ | -že |
| βate | -že |
| wife | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| βatə̑že – |
| βatə̑ | -že |
| βate | -že |
| absorbent.cotton | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| ginekolog. |
| ginekolog |
| ginekolog |
| gynecologist |
| no |
|
ginekologij 1
Ginekologij dene specialist
| Ginekologij |
| Ginekologij |
| ginekologij |
| gynecology |
| no |
|
|
| specialist |
| specialist |
| specialist |
| specialist |
| no |
|
ginekologij 2
ginekologijə̑m tunemaš
| ginekologijə̑m |
| ginekologij | -ə̑m |
| ginekologij | -m |
| gynecology | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| tunemaš |
| tunem | -aš |
| tunem | -aš |
| learn | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gipertonij 1
Gipertonij dene č́erlanaš
| Gipertonij |
| Gipertonij |
| gipertonij |
| hypertension |
| no |
|
|
| č́erlanaš |
| č́erlan | -aš |
| č́erlane | -aš |
| fall.ill | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gipnoz 1
Gipnoz dene emlaš
| Gipnoz |
| Gipnoz |
| gipnoz |
| hypnosis |
| no |
|
|
| emlaš |
| eml | -aš |
| emle | -aš |
| treat | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| emlaš |
| em | -la | -š |
| em | -la | -š |
| medicine | -PL | -ILL |
| no | -num | -case |
| emlaš |
| em | -la | -š |
| em | -la | -eš |
| medicine | -PL | -LAT |
| no | -num | -case |
|
gipnotiźor 1 (A. Erə̑kan)
Rono βujlatə̑še pensnežə̑m č́arnə̑de tarβatə̑lə̑n, gipnotiźorla maltə̑še jükšö dene βudə̑matə̑l šoga.
| Rono |
| Rono |
| rono |
| district.public.education.authority |
| no |
|
| βujlatə̑še |
| βujlatə̑še |
| βujlatə̑še |
| leading |
| ad/no |
| βujlatə̑še |
| βujlatə̑ | -še |
| βujlate | -še |
| lead | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| pensnežə̑m |
| pensne | -žə̑ | -m |
| pensne | -že | -m |
| pince-nez | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| č́arnə̑de |
| č́arnə̑de |
| č́arnə̑de |
| continually |
| av |
| č́arnə̑de |
| č́arnə̑ | -de |
| č́arne | -de |
| stop | -CVB.NEG |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| tarβatə̑lə̑n, |
| tarβatə̑l | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tarβatə̑l | -n | -Ø |
| move | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tarβatə̑lə̑n, |
| tarβatə̑l | -ə̑n |
| tarβatə̑l | -n |
| move | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| gipnotiźorla |
| gipnotiźor | -la |
| gipnotiźor | -la |
| hypnotist | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| gipnotiźorla |
| gipnotiźor | -la |
| gipnotiźor | -la |
| hypnotist | -PL |
| no | -num |
| gipnotiźorla |
| gipnotiźor | -la |
| gipnotiźor | -la |
| hypnotist | -STR |
| no | -enc |
|
| maltə̑še |
| maltə̑še |
| maltə̑še |
| soporific |
| ad |
| maltə̑še |
| maltə̑ | -še |
| malte | -še |
| lull.to.sleep | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| jükšö |
| jük | -šö |
| jük | -že |
| voice | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| jükšö |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| cool.down | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| jükšö |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| cool.down | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
|
| βudə̑matə̑l |
| βudə̑matə̑l | -Ø |
| βudə̑matə̑l | -Ø |
| mumble | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| βudə̑matə̑l |
| βudə̑matə̑l | -Ø |
| βudə̑matə̑l | -Ø |
| mumble | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| βudə̑matə̑l |
| βudə̑matə̑l | -Ø |
| βudə̑matə̑l | -Ø |
| mumble | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| šoga. |
| šoga |
| šoga |
| plough |
| no |
| šoga. |
| šog | -a |
| šogo | -a |
| stand | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gipnotiziroβatlaš 1
Č́erlə̑m gipnotiziroβatlaš
| Č́erlə̑m |
| Č́erlə̑ | -m |
| č́erle | -m |
| sick | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| gipnotiziroβatlaš |
| gipnotiziroβatl | -aš |
| gipnotiziroβatle | -aš |
| hypnotize | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gipoteza 1
Oŋaj gipoteza
| Oŋaj |
| Oŋaj |
| oŋaj |
| interesting |
| ad/av |
|
|
gipoteza 2
gipotezə̑š šuaš
| gipotezə̑š |
| gipotezə̑ | -š |
| gipoteze | -š |
| hypothesis | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| šuaš |
| šuaš |
| šuaš |
| instead.of |
| po |
| šuaš |
| šu | -aš |
| šu | -aš |
| reach | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| šuaš |
| šu | -aš |
| šu | -aš |
| ferment | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| šuaš |
| šu | -aš |
| šu | -aš |
| whittle | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| šuaš |
| šu | -aš |
| šuo | -aš |
| throw | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gips 1
Gips dene ə̑štə̑me skul'ptura
|
|
|
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| done |
| ad |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑ | -me |
| ə̑šte | -me |
| do | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| skul'ptura |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
gips 2 (V. Kosorotoβ)
Viktor šə̑p šoga: «kande šinč́an šošə̑m» šun, gips da mramor dene kuze süretlen onč́ə̑ktet?
| Viktor |
| Viktor |
| Viktor |
| Viktor |
| na |
|
| šə̑p |
| šə̑p |
| šə̑p |
| quiet |
| ad/av/no |
|
| šoga: |
| šoga |
| šoga |
| plough |
| no |
| šoga: |
| šog | -a |
| šogo | -a |
| stand | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| «kande |
| kande |
| kande |
| blue |
| ad |
|
| šinč́an |
| šinč́an |
| šinč́an |
| eyed |
| ad |
| šinč́an |
| šinč́a | -n |
| šinč́a | -an |
| eye | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| šinč́an |
| šinč́a | -n |
| šinč́a | -n |
| eye | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| šošə̑m» |
| šošə̑m |
| šošə̑m |
| in.spring |
| av |
| šošə̑m» |
| šošə̑ | -m |
| šošo | -m |
| spring | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šun, |
| šu | -n |
| šu | -n |
| bran | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| šun, |
| šu | -n |
| šu | -n |
| bristle | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| šun, |
| šu | -n |
| šu | -n |
| eye | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| šun, |
| šu | -n |
| šu | -n |
| spring.water | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| šun, |
| šu | -n | -Ø |
| šu | -n | -Ø |
| reach | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šun, |
| šu | -n | -Ø |
| šu | -n | -Ø |
| ferment | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šun, |
| šu | -n | -Ø |
| šu | -n | -Ø |
| whittle | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šun, |
| šu | -n |
| šu | -n |
| reach | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| šun, |
| šu | -n |
| šu | -n |
| ferment | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| šun, |
| šu | -n |
| šu | -n |
| whittle | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
|
|
| mramor |
| mramor |
| mramor |
| marble |
| no |
|
|
| kuze |
| kuze |
| kuze |
| how |
| av/co/no/pa |
|
| süretlen |
| süretl | -en | -Ø |
| süretle | -en | -Ø |
| paint | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| süretlen |
| süretl | -en |
| süretle | -en |
| paint | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| onč́ə̑ktet? |
| onč́ə̑kt | -et |
| onč́ə̑kto | -et |
| show | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| onč́ə̑ktet? |
| onč́ə̑ | -kt | -et |
| onč́o | -kte | -et |
| look | -CAUS | -2SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -pers |
|
gips 3
Kidə̑š gipsə̑m pə̑štaš
| Kidə̑š |
| Kid | -ə̑š |
| kid | -š |
| hand | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| gipsə̑m |
| gips | -ə̑m |
| gips | -m |
| gypsum | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| pə̑štaš |
| pə̑št | -aš |
| pə̑šte | -aš |
| put | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gips 4 (A. Gromoβ)
Jol – gipsə̑šte, βuj – pidme.
|
|
| gipsə̑šte, |
| gips | -ə̑šte |
| gips | -šte |
| gypsum | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| pidme. |
| pidme |
| pidme |
| bound |
| ad |
| pidme. |
| pid | -me |
| pid | -me |
| tie | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
gipsoβatlaš 1
Jolə̑m gipsoβatlaš
| Jolə̑m |
| Jol | -ə̑m |
| jol | -m |
| foot | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| gipsoβatlaš |
| gipsoβatl | -aš |
| gipsoβatle | -aš |
| put.in.a.cast | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gipsoβatlə̑maš 1
Kidə̑m gipsoβatlə̑maš
| Kidə̑m |
| Kid | -ə̑m |
| kid | -m |
| hand | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| gipsoβatlə̑maš |
| gipsoβatlə̑maš |
| gipsoβatlə̑maš |
| putting.in.a.cast |
| no |
| gipsoβatlə̑maš |
| gipsoβatlə̑ | -maš |
| gipsoβatle | -maš |
| put.in.a.cast | -NMLZ |
| vb2 | -deriv.n |
|
gitara 1
Gitarə̑m šoktaš
| Gitarə̑m |
| Gitar | -ə̑m |
| gitar | -m |
| guitar | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šoktaš |
| šokt | -aš |
| šokt | -aš |
| sift | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| šoktaš |
| šokt | -aš |
| šokto | -aš |
| be.heard | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gitara 2 (A. Iβanoβa)
Šumatkeč́e kasə̑n joŋgalteš gitara.
| Šumatkeč́e |
| Šumatkeč́e |
| šumatkeč́e |
| Saturday |
| no |
|
| kasə̑n |
| kasə̑n |
| kasə̑n |
| in.the.evening |
| av |
| kasə̑n |
| kas | -ə̑n |
| kas | -n |
| evening | -GEN |
| av/no | -case |
|
| joŋgalteš |
| joŋgalt | -eš |
| joŋgalt | -eš |
| sound | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| joŋgalteš |
| joŋg | -alt | -eš |
| joŋgo | -alt | -eš |
| sound | -REF | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -pers |
|
|
gitara 3
Gitara jük
| Gitara |
| Gitara |
| Gitara |
| Gitara |
| na |
|
|
gitara 4 (V. Juksern)
Gitara kə̑lə̑m kok-kum gana šupšə̑l'o.
| Gitara |
| Gitara |
| Gitara |
| Gitara |
| na |
|
| kə̑lə̑m |
| kə̑l | -ə̑m |
| kə̑l | -m |
| string | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kok-kum |
| kok-kum |
| kok-kum |
| two.or.three |
| nm |
|
| gana |
| gana |
| gana |
| times |
| no/po |
|
| šupšə̑l'o. |
| šupšə̑l | -'o |
| šupšə̑l | -Je |
| pull | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gitaran 1
Gitaran jeŋ
| Gitaran |
| Gitar | -an |
| gitar | -an |
| guitar | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
gitaran 2 (M. Jeβsejeβa)
Lač́ak gitaran üdə̑r gə̑na, nimom ə̑štaš örə̑n, βerə̑štə̑že šoga ja tə̑ške-tuško tajnə̑šteš.
| Lač́ak |
| Lač́ak |
| lač́ak |
| X |
| av |
| Lač́ak |
| Lač́ | -ak |
| lač́ | -ak |
| just | -STR |
| av/no/pa | -enc |
| Lač́ak |
| Lač́ | -ak |
| lač́ | -ak |
| swim.bladder | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| Lač́ak |
| Lač́ | -ak |
| lač́e | -ak |
| basket | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| Lač́ak |
| Lač́ | -ak |
| lač́e | -ak |
| roller | -STR |
| no | -enc |
|
| gitaran |
| gitar | -an |
| gitar | -an |
| guitar | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| üdə̑r |
| üdə̑r |
| üdə̑r |
| daughter |
| no |
| üdə̑r |
| üdə̑r |
| üdə̑r |
| Virgo |
| no |
|
| gə̑na, |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| nimom |
| ńimom |
| ńimom |
| nothing |
| pr |
| nimom |
| ńimo | -m |
| ńimo | -m |
| nothing | -ACC |
| ad/av/pr | -case |
|
| ə̑štaš |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| örə̑n, |
| örə̑n |
| örə̑n |
| timidly |
| av |
| örə̑n, |
| ör | -ə̑n |
| ör | -n |
| slope | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| örə̑n, |
| örə̑ | -n |
| örö | -n |
| groove | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| örə̑n, |
| ör | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| ör | -n | -Ø |
| be.surprised | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| örə̑n, |
| ör | -ə̑n |
| ör | -n |
| be.surprised | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| βerə̑štə̑že |
| βerə̑štə̑ | -že |
| βerə̑šte | -že |
| inessive | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| βerə̑štə̑že |
| βer | -ə̑štə̑ | -že |
| βer | -šte | -že |
| place | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| šoga |
| šog | -a |
| šogo | -a |
| stand | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| tə̑ške-tuško |
| tə̑ške-tuško |
| tə̑ške-tuško |
| back.and.forth |
| av/pr |
|
| tajnə̑šteš. |
| tajnə̑št | -eš |
| tajnə̑št | -eš |
| stagger | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gitarist 1
Kugu opə̑tan gitarist
|
|
| opə̑tan |
| opə̑tan |
| opə̑tan |
| experienced |
| ad |
| opə̑tan |
| opə̑t | -an |
| opə̑t | -an |
| experience | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| gitarist |
| gitarist |
| gitarist |
| guitarist |
| no |
|
gitarist 2
samə̑rə̑k gitarist
| samə̑rə̑k |
| samə̑rə̑k |
| samə̑rə̑k |
| young |
| ad/no |
|
| gitarist |
| gitarist |
| gitarist |
| guitarist |
| no |
|
glaβa 1 (N. Lekajn)
Broš́urə̑što šə̑m glaβa ulo, a muč́ašeš social-demokratič́eskij partijə̑n programmə̑žə̑m peč́atlə̑me.
| Broš́urə̑što |
| Broš́ur | -ə̑što |
| broš́ur | -šte |
| booklet | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| šə̑m |
| Ø | -š | -ə̑m |
| ə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| NEG | -PST | -1SG |
| vb | -tense | -pers |
|
| glaβa |
| glaβa |
| glaβa |
| chapter |
| no |
|
|
|
| muč́ašeš |
| muč́ašeš |
| muč́ašeš |
| at.the.end |
| po |
| muč́ašeš |
| muč́aš | -eš |
| muč́aš | -eš |
| end | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| social-demokratič́eskij |
| social- | demokratič́eskij |
| social | demokratič́eskij |
| social | democratic |
| ad | ad |
|
| partijə̑n |
| partij | -ə̑n |
| partij | -n |
| party | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| programmə̑žə̑m |
| programmə̑ | -žə̑ | -m |
| programme | -že | -m |
| program | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| peč́atlə̑me. |
| peč́atlə̑me |
| peč́atlə̑me |
| printing |
| ad |
| peč́atlə̑me. |
| peč́atlə̑ | -me |
| peč́atle | -me |
| print | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
glaβnokomandujuš́š́ij 1 (I. Antonoβ)
Teβe palə̑me lejtenant nergen βozet, teβe Soβetskij informb'uron sβodkə̑žo, Verχoβnə̑j Glaβnokomandujuš́š́ijə̑n prikazše.
| Teβe |
| Teβe |
| teβe |
| here |
| av/co/pa |
|
| palə̑me |
| palə̑me |
| palə̑me |
| known |
| ad |
| palə̑me |
| palə̑ | -me |
| pale | -me |
| know | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| lejtenant |
| lejtenant |
| lejtenant |
| lieutenant |
| no |
|
| nergen |
| nergen |
| nergen |
| about |
| po |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| cold | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| badger | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| order | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| βozet, |
| βoz | -et |
| βoz | -et |
| cart | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| βozet, |
| βoz | -et |
| βozo | -et |
| write | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| teβe |
| teβe |
| teβe |
| here |
| av/co/pa |
|
| Soβetskij |
| Soβetskij |
| soβetskij |
| Soviet |
| ad |
|
| informb'uron |
| informb'uro | -n |
| informb'uro | -n |
| information.bureau | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| sβodkə̑žo, |
| sβodkə̑ | -žo |
| sβodko | -že |
| report | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| Verχoβnə̑j |
| Verχoβnə̑j |
| βerχoβnə̑j |
| highest |
| ad |
|
| Glaβnokomandujuš́š́ijə̑n |
| Glaβnokomandujuš́š́ij | -ə̑n |
| glaβnokomandujuš́š́ij | -n |
| commander.in.chief | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| prikazše. |
| prikaz | -še |
| prikaz | -že |
| order | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
glaβnə̑j 1
Glaβnə̑j βrač́
| Glaβnə̑j |
| Glaβnə̑j |
| glaβnə̑j |
| main |
| ad |
|
| βrač́ |
| βrač́ |
| βrač́ |
| doctor |
| no |
|
glaβnə̑j 2 (I. Vasil'jeβ)
Tudə̑n poč́eš Jametoβə̑m glaβnə̑j inžener da direktor salamlat.
| Tudə̑n |
| Tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| his/her |
| pr |
| Tudə̑n |
| tudo | -n |
| tudo | -n |
| 3SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| recent |
| ad/av/po |
| poč́eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| tail | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| poč́eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| open | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| Jametoβə̑m |
| Jametoβə̑m |
| Jametoβə̑m |
| Yametovym |
| na |
|
| glaβnə̑j |
| glaβnə̑j |
| glaβnə̑j |
| main |
| ad |
|
| inžener |
| inžener |
| inžener |
| engineer |
| no |
|
|
| direktor |
| direktor |
| direktor |
| director |
| no |
|
| salamlat. |
| salaml | -at |
| salamle | -at |
| greet | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| salamlat. |
| salam | -la | -t |
| salam | -la | -et |
| greeting | -COMP | -2SG |
| in/no | -case | -poss |
| salamlat. |
| salam | -la | -t |
| salam | -la | -et |
| greeting | -PL | -2SG |
| in/no | -num | -poss |
| salamlat. |
| salam | -la | -t |
| salam | -la | -at |
| greeting | -COMP | -and |
| in/no | -case | -enc |
| salamlat. |
| salam | -la | -t |
| salam | -la | -at |
| greeting | -PL | -and |
| in/no | -num | -enc |
| salamlat. |
| salaml | -a | -t |
| salamle | -a | -at |
| greet | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| salamlat. |
| salaml | -Ø | -at |
| salamle | -Ø | -at |
| greet | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
| salamlat. |
| sa | -la | -m | -la | -t |
| sa | -la | -em | -la | -at |
| scythe | -PL | -1SG | -COMP | -and |
| no | -num | -poss | -case | -enc |
|
glaβnə̑j 3 («Mar. fil.»)
Usloβnə̑j pridatoč́nə̑j den glaβnə̑j predloženijə̑šte skazujemə̑j türlö liješ.
| Usloβnə̑j |
| Usloβnə̑j |
| usloβnə̑j |
| agreed |
| ad |
|
| pridatoč́nə̑j |
| pridatoč́nə̑j |
| pridatoč́nə̑j |
| subordinate |
| ad |
|
|
| glaβnə̑j |
| glaβnə̑j |
| glaβnə̑j |
| main |
| ad |
|
| predloženijə̑šte |
| predloženij | -ə̑šte |
| predloženij | -šte |
| offer | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| skazujemə̑j |
| skazujemə̑j |
| skazujemə̑j |
| predicate |
| no |
|
| türlö |
| türlö |
| türlö |
| different |
| ad/no/po |
| türlö |
| türlö | -Ø |
| türlö | -Ø |
| embroider | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| türlö |
| türlö | -Ø |
| türlö | -Ø |
| embroider | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| liješ. |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ. |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
glaβnə̑j 4
Predloženijə̑n glaβnə̑j č́lenže
| Predloženijə̑n |
| Predloženij | -ə̑n |
| predloženij | -n |
| offer | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| glaβnə̑j |
| glaβnə̑j |
| glaβnə̑j |
| main |
| ad |
|
| č́lenže |
| č́len | -že |
| č́len | -že |
| part | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
glagol 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Marij jə̑lmə̑šte glagolə̑n kok spŕaženijže kuze lijme nergen šagal ogə̑l stat'ja βozaltə̑n.
| Marij |
| Marij |
| marij |
| Mari |
| no |
|
| jə̑lmə̑šte |
| jə̑lmə̑ | -šte |
| jə̑lme | -šte |
| tongue | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| glagolə̑n |
| glagol | -ə̑n |
| glagol | -n |
| verb | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
|
| spŕaženijže |
| spŕaženij | -že |
| spŕaženij | -že |
| conjugation | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| kuze |
| kuze |
| kuze |
| how |
| av/co/no/pa |
|
| lijme |
| lijme |
| lijme |
| happening |
| ad |
| lijme |
| lij | -me |
| lij | -me |
| be | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| nergen |
| nergen |
| nergen |
| about |
| po |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| cold | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| badger | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| order | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| šagal |
| šagal |
| šagal |
| little |
| ad/av/no |
|
| ogə̑l |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
| stat'ja |
| stat'ja |
| stat'ja |
| article |
| no |
|
| βozaltə̑n. |
| βozalt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| βozalt | -n | -Ø |
| be.written | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| βozaltə̑n. |
| βozalt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| βozalt | -n | -Ø |
| be.separated.from | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| βozaltə̑n. |
| βozalt | -ə̑n |
| βozalt | -n |
| be.written | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| βozaltə̑n. |
| βozalt | -ə̑n |
| βozalt | -n |
| be.separated.from | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| βozaltə̑n. |
| βoz | -alt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| βoz | -alt | -n | -Ø |
| lie.down | -REF | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| βozaltə̑n. |
| βoz | -alt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| βozo | -alt | -n | -Ø |
| write | -REF | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| βozaltə̑n. |
| βoz | -alt | -ə̑n |
| βoz | -alt | -n |
| lie.down | -REF | -CVB |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -adv |
| βozaltə̑n. |
| βoz | -alt | -ə̑n |
| βozo | -alt | -n |
| write | -REF | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
glagolan 1 («Mar. fil.»)
Me tide stat'jaštə̑na glagolan mut soč́etanij nergen ojlə̑nena.
|
|
| tide |
| tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| tide |
| tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| stat'jaštə̑na |
| stat'ja | -štə̑ | -na |
| stat'ja | -šte | -na |
| article | -INE | -1PL |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| glagolan |
| glagolan |
| glagolan |
| verbal |
| ad |
| glagolan |
| glagol | -an |
| glagol | -an |
| verb | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
| soč́etanij |
| soč́etanij |
| soč́etanij |
| combination |
| no |
|
| nergen |
| nergen |
| nergen |
| about |
| po |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| cold | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| badger | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| order | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| ojlə̑nena. |
| ojlə̑ | -ne | -na |
| ojlo | -ne | -na |
| talk | -DES | -1PL |
| vb2 | -mood | -pers |
|
glagol'nə̑j 1
Glagol'nə̑j skazujemə̑j
| Glagol'nə̑j |
| Glagol'nə̑j |
| glagol'nə̑j |
| verbal |
| ad |
|
| skazujemə̑j |
| skazujemə̑j |
| skazujemə̑j |
| predicate |
| no |
|
glagol'nə̑j 2 («Mar. fil.»)
Poškudo jə̑lmə̑lašte türlö βidoβoj da modal'nə̑j znač́enijan sostaβnoj glagol, molo glagol'nə̑j konstrukcij-βlak kumda βerə̑m nalə̑t.
| Poškudo |
| Poškudo |
| poškudo |
| neighbor |
| no |
|
| jə̑lmə̑lašte |
| jə̑lmə̑ | -la | -šte |
| jə̑lme | -la | -šte |
| tongue | -PL | -INE |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| türlö |
| türlö |
| türlö |
| different |
| ad/no/po |
| türlö |
| türlö | -Ø |
| türlö | -Ø |
| embroider | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| türlö |
| türlö | -Ø |
| türlö | -Ø |
| embroider | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
|
|
| modal'nə̑j |
| modal'nə̑j |
| modal'nə̑j |
| modal |
| ad |
|
| znač́enijan |
| znač́enijan |
| znač́enijan |
| meaning |
| ad |
| znač́enijan |
| znač́enij | -an |
| znač́enij | -an |
| meaning | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| sostaβnoj |
| sostaβnoj |
| sostaβnoj |
| compound |
| ad |
|
| glagol, |
| glagol |
| glagol |
| verb |
| no |
|
| molo |
| molo |
| molo |
| other |
| no/pr |
|
| glagol'nə̑j |
| glagol'nə̑j |
| glagol'nə̑j |
| verbal |
| ad |
|
| konstrukcij-βlak |
| konstrukcij | -βlak |
| konstrukcij | -βlak |
| construction | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| kumda |
| kumda |
| kumda |
| wide |
| ad |
| kumda |
| kum | -da |
| kum | -da |
| godfather.of.one's.child | -2PL |
| no | -poss |
| kumda |
| kum | -da |
| kum | -da |
| three | -2PL |
| nm | -poss |
|
| βerə̑m |
| βer | -ə̑m |
| βer | -m |
| place | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| nalə̑t. |
| nal | -ə̑t |
| nal | -ə̑t |
| take | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gladiator 1
Gladiator-βlakə̑n bojə̑št
| Gladiator-βlakə̑n |
| Gladiator | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| gladiator | -βlak | -n |
| gladiator | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| bojə̑št |
| boj | -ə̑št |
| boj | -št |
| battle | -3PL |
| no | -poss |
|
gladiator 2
gladiator-βlak βosstanij
| gladiator-βlak |
| gladiator | -βlak |
| gladiator | -βlak |
| gladiator | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| βosstanij |
| βosstanij |
| βosstanij |
| insurrection |
| no |
|
gladiolus 1 (Ju. Artamonoβ)
Kə̑zə̑t gladiolus, χrizantema, roza da molo tə̑gə̑de peledə̑š-βlak söralgen šogat.
| Kə̑zə̑t |
| Kə̑zə̑t |
| kə̑zə̑t |
| now |
| av |
|
| gladiolus, |
| gladiolus |
| gladiolus |
| gladiolus |
| no |
|
| χrizantema, |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
|
|
| molo |
| molo |
| molo |
| other |
| no/pr |
|
| tə̑gə̑de |
| tə̑gə̑de |
| tə̑gə̑de |
| fine |
| ad/no |
|
| peledə̑š-βlak |
| peledə̑š | -βlak |
| peledə̑š | -βlak |
| flower | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| söralgen |
| söralg | -en | -Ø |
| söralge | -en | -Ø |
| grow.prettier | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| söralgen |
| söralg | -en |
| söralge | -en |
| grow.prettier | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šogat. |
| šoga | -t |
| šoga | -et |
| plough | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| šogat. |
| šoga | -t |
| šoga | -at |
| plough | -and |
| no | -enc |
| šogat. |
| šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| stop | -and |
| vb | -enc |
| šogat. |
| šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| mute | -and |
| ad | -enc |
| šogat. |
| šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| stand | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šogat. |
| šog | -a | -t |
| šogo | -a | -at |
| stand | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| šogat. |
| šog | -Ø | -at |
| šogo | -Ø | -at |
| stand | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
gladitlaš 1
Tuβə̑rə̑m gladitlaš
| Tuβə̑rə̑m |
| Tuβə̑r | -ə̑m |
| tuβə̑r | -m |
| shirt | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| gladitlaš |
| gladitl | -aš |
| gladitle | -aš |
| iron | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gladitlaš 2 (V. Kosorotoβ)
Er koč́kə̑šə̑m ə̑štə̑mek, Al'a č́emodaneš turžaltše βurgemžə̑m gladitlə̑š.
| Er |
| Er |
| er |
| morning |
| ad/av/no |
|
| koč́kə̑šə̑m |
| koč́kə̑š | -ə̑m |
| koč́kə̑š | -m |
| food | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑štə̑mek, |
| ə̑štə̑ | -mek |
| ə̑šte | -mek |
| do | -CVB.PRI |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
|
| č́emodaneš |
| č́emodan | -eš |
| č́emodan | -eš |
| suitcase | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| turžaltše |
| turžaltše |
| turžaltše |
| crumpled |
| ad |
| turžaltše |
| turžalt | -še |
| turžalt | -še |
| become.crumpled | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| turžaltše |
| turžalt | -še |
| turžalt | -že |
| become.crumpled | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| turžaltše |
| turž | -alt | -še |
| turž | -alt | -še |
| crumple | -REF | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -ad |
| turžaltše |
| turžalt | -Ø | -še |
| turžalt | -Ø | -že |
| become.crumpled | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| turžaltše |
| turžalt | -Ø | -še |
| turžalt | -Ø | -že |
| become.crumpled | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
| turžaltše |
| turž | -alt | -še |
| turž | -alt | -že |
| crumple | -REF | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| turžaltše |
| turž | -alt | -Ø | -še |
| turž | -alt | -Ø | -že |
| crumple | -REF | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -conn | -poss |
| turžaltše |
| turž | -alt | -Ø | -še |
| turž | -alt | -Ø | -že |
| crumple | -REF | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -adv | -poss |
|
| βurgemžə̑m |
| βurgem | -žə̑ | -m |
| βurgem | -že | -m |
| clothes | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| βurgemžə̑m |
| βurg | -em | -žə̑ | -m |
| βurgo | -em | -že | -m |
| stem | -1SG | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -poss | -case |
|
| gladitlə̑š. |
| gladitlə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| gladitle | -š | -Ø |
| iron | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gladitlə̑laš 1
Tuβə̑r-jolašə̑m gladitlə̑laš
| Tuβə̑r-jolašə̑m |
| Tuβə̑r-jolaš | -ə̑m |
| tuβə̑r-jolaš | -m |
| underwear | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| gladitlə̑laš |
| gladitlə̑l | -aš |
| gladitlə̑l | -aš |
| iron | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gladitlə̑laš 2 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
(Vatem) ut'ugə̑m ə̑rə̑kten, molgunamse deč́ kožmakə̑n tarβanə̑lə̑n, tidə̑m-tudə̑m gladitlə̑le.
| (Vatem) |
| Vatem |
| βatem |
| honey |
| no |
| (Vatem) |
| Vat | -em |
| βate | -em |
| wife | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| (Vatem) |
| Vat | -em |
| βate | -em |
| absorbent.cotton | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| (Vatem) |
| Vat | -em | -Ø |
| βate | -em | -Ø |
| wife | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| (Vatem) |
| Vat | -em | -Ø |
| βate | -em | -Ø |
| absorbent.cotton | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| (Vatem) |
| Vat | -em | -Ø |
| βate | -em | -Ø |
| wife | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| (Vatem) |
| Vat | -em | -Ø |
| βate | -em | -Ø |
| absorbent.cotton | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| (Vatem) |
| Vat | -em | -Ø |
| βate | -em | -Ø |
| wife | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
| (Vatem) |
| Vat | -em | -Ø |
| βate | -em | -Ø |
| absorbent.cotton | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| ut'ugə̑m |
| ut'ug | -ə̑m |
| ut'ug | -m |
| iron | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑rə̑kten, |
| ə̑rə̑kt | -en | -Ø |
| ə̑rə̑kte | -en | -Ø |
| warm | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑rə̑kten, |
| ə̑rə̑kt | -en |
| ə̑rə̑kte | -en |
| warm | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| ə̑rə̑kten, |
| ə̑rə̑ | -kt | -en | -Ø |
| ə̑re | -kte | -en | -Ø |
| warm.up | -CAUS | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑rə̑kten, |
| ə̑rə̑ | -kt | -en |
| ə̑re | -kte | -en |
| warm.up | -CAUS | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| molgunamse |
| molgunamse |
| molgunamse |
| usual |
| ad/pr |
|
|
| kožmakə̑n |
| kožmakə̑n |
| kožmakə̑n |
| quickly |
| av |
| kožmakə̑n |
| kožmak | -ə̑n |
| kožmak | -n |
| quick | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| tarβanə̑lə̑n, |
| tarβanə̑l | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tarβanə̑l | -n | -Ø |
| move | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tarβanə̑lə̑n, |
| tarβanə̑l | -ə̑n |
| tarβanə̑l | -n |
| move | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| tidə̑m-tudə̑m |
| tidə̑ | -m- | tudə̑m |
| tide | -m | tudə̑m |
| this | -ACC | him/her |
| pr | -case | pr |
| tidə̑m-tudə̑m |
| tidə̑ | -m- | tudo | -m |
| tide | -m | tudo | -m |
| this | -ACC | 3SG | -ACC |
| pr | -case | pr | -case |
|
| gladitlə̑le. |
| gladitlə̑l | -'e |
| gladitlə̑l | -Je |
| iron | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
glazok 1 (A. Ajzenβort)
Č́asoβoj omsa deke lišeme, glazokə̑š onč́ale.
| Č́asoβoj |
| Č́asoβoj |
| č́asoβoj |
| sentry |
| no |
|
|
|
| lišeme, |
| lišem | -e |
| lišem | -Je |
| go.closer.to | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| glazokə̑š |
| glazok | -ə̑š |
| glazok | -š |
| peephole | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| onč́ale. |
| onč́al | -'e |
| onč́al | -Je |
| look | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
glasnə̑j 1
Glasnə̑j jük
| Glasnə̑j |
| Glasnə̑j |
| glasnə̑j |
| vowel |
| ad/no |
|
|
glasnə̑j 2
glasnə̑j-βlak garmonij
| glasnə̑j-βlak |
| glasnə̑j | -βlak |
| glasnə̑j | -βlak |
| vowel | -PL |
| ad/no | -num |
|
| garmonij |
| garmonij |
| garmonij |
| harmony |
| no |
|
glasnə̑j 3 («Mar. fil.»)
Tə̑gak južgunam udarenijan glasnə̑jat, udarenijžə̑m jomdaren, ə̑ jük dene βaštalteš.
| Tə̑gak |
| Tə̑gak |
| tə̑gak |
| like.this |
| ad/av/co/pa/pr |
|
| južgunam |
| južgunam |
| južgunam |
| occasionally |
| av/pr |
|
| udarenijan |
| udarenijan |
| udarenijan |
| stressed |
| ad |
| udarenijan |
| udarenij | -an |
| udarenij | -an |
| stress | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| glasnə̑jat, |
| glasnə̑j | -at |
| glasnə̑j | -at |
| vowel | -and |
| ad/no | -enc |
|
| udarenijžə̑m |
| udarenij | -žə̑ | -m |
| udarenij | -že | -m |
| stress | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| jomdaren, |
| jomdar | -en | -Ø |
| jomdare | -en | -Ø |
| misplace | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| jomdaren, |
| jomdar | -en |
| jomdare | -en |
| misplace | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
|
|
|
| βaštalteš. |
| βaštalt | -eš |
| βaštalt | -eš |
| change | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
glisser 1
U glisser
|
|
| glisser |
| glisser |
| glisser |
| speedboat |
| no |
|
glisser 2
glisser dene soreβnoβanij
| glisser |
| glisser |
| glisser |
| speedboat |
| no |
|
|
| soreβnoβanij |
| soreβnoβanij |
| soreβnoβanij |
| competition |
| no |
|
glisser 3 (Je. Jangil'din)
Glisser pešak βaške šinč́a onč́ə̑č́ jomo.
| Glisser |
| Glisser |
| glisser |
| speedboat |
| no |
|
| pešak |
| pešak |
| pešak |
| very |
| av |
| pešak |
| peš | -ak |
| peš | -ak |
| very | -STR |
| av | -enc |
|
| βaške |
| βaške |
| βaške |
| soon |
| ad/av/no |
| βaške |
| βaške | -Ø |
| βaške | -Ø |
| hurry | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| βaške |
| βaške | -Ø |
| βaške | -Ø |
| hurry | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| šinč́a |
| šinč́a |
| šinč́a |
| eye |
| no |
| šinč́a |
| šinč́ | -a |
| šinč́e | -a |
| sit | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šinč́a |
| šinč́ | -a |
| šinč́e | -a |
| know | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| onč́ə̑č́ |
| onč́ə̑č́ |
| onč́ə̑č́ |
| from.in.front.of |
| av/po |
|
| jomo. |
| jom | -o |
| jom | -Je |
| disappear | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
glicerin 1
Glicerinə̑m šüraš
| Glicerinə̑m |
| Glicerin | -ə̑m |
| glicerin | -m |
| glycerol | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šüraš |
| šüraš |
| šüraš |
| groats |
| no |
| šüraš |
| šür | -aš |
| šürö | -aš |
| spread | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| šüraš |
| šür | -aš |
| šürö | -aš |
| strain | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| šüraš |
| šür | -aš |
| šürö | -aš |
| fish | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| šüraš |
| šür | -aš |
| šürö | -aš |
| harrow | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
glicerin 2
glicerin jöre
| glicerin |
| glicerin |
| glicerin |
| glycerol |
| no |
|
| jöre |
| jöre |
| jöre |
| together |
| ad/av/po |
|
glicerin 3
Glicerin klenč́a
| Glicerin |
| Glicerin |
| glicerin |
| glycerol |
| no |
|
| klenč́a |
| klenč́a |
| klenč́a |
| bottle |
| no |
|
glicerin 4
glicerin puš
| glicerin |
| glicerin |
| glicerin |
| glycerol |
| no |
|
| puš |
| pu | -š |
| pu | -š |
| wood | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
globus 1
Kugu globus
|
|
| globus |
| globus |
| globus |
| globe |
| no |
|
globus 2 («Fiz. geogr.»)
Globusə̑što parallel'-šamə̑č́ koklašte toralə̑k č́ə̑la βereat iktör.
| Globusə̑što |
| Globus | -ə̑što |
| globus | -šte |
| globe | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| parallel'-šamə̑č́ |
| parallel' | -šamə̑č́ |
| parallel' | -šamə̑č́ |
| parallel | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| koklašte |
| koklašte |
| koklašte |
| in |
| av/po |
| koklašte |
| kokla | -šte |
| kokla | -šte |
| distance | -INE |
| ad/no | -case |
| koklašte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| cook | -PL | -INE |
| no | -num | -case |
| koklašte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| two | -PL | -INE |
| nm | -num | -case |
|
| toralə̑k |
| toralə̑k |
| toralə̑k |
| distance |
| no |
| toralə̑k |
| tora | -lə̑k |
| tora | -lə̑k |
| gap | -for |
| ad/av/no | -deriv.ad |
|
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| everything |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
| βereat |
| βere | -at |
| βere | -at |
| in.a.place | -and |
| po | -enc |
|
| iktör. |
| iktör |
| iktör |
| equal |
| ad/av |
|
glušitlaš 1
Kolə̑m glušitlaš
| Kolə̑m |
| Kol | -ə̑m |
| kol | -m |
| fish | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| Kolə̑m |
| Kol | -ə̑m |
| Kol | -m |
| Pisces | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| Kolə̑m |
| Kolə̑ | -m |
| kolo | -m |
| twenty | -ACC |
| nm | -case |
|
| glušitlaš |
| glušitl | -aš |
| glušitle | -aš |
| stun | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
glušitlaš 2
toja dene peren glušitlaš
| toja |
| toj | -a |
| tojo | -a |
| hide | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| peren |
| per | -en | -Ø |
| pere | -en | -Ø |
| hit | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| peren |
| per | -en |
| pere | -en |
| hit | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| glušitlaš |
| glušitl | -aš |
| glušitle | -aš |
| stun | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
glušitlaš 3
Motorə̑m glušitlaš
| Motorə̑m |
| Motor | -ə̑m |
| motor | -m |
| beautiful | -ACC |
| ad/av/no | -case |
| Motorə̑m |
| Motor | -ə̑m |
| motor | -m |
| motor | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| glušitlaš |
| glušitl | -aš |
| glušitle | -aš |
| stun | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
glušitlaš 4 (F. Smirnoβ)
Tolšo jeŋ kidšə̑m nöltalə̑n kə̑č́kə̑rale: «Glušitle motoretə̑m!»
| Tolšo |
| Tolšo |
| tolšo |
| coming |
| ad/no |
| Tolšo |
| Tol | -šo |
| tol | -še |
| come | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
|
| kidšə̑m |
| kid | -šə̑ | -m |
| kid | -že | -m |
| hand | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| nöltalə̑n |
| nöltal | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| nöltal | -n | -Ø |
| raise | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| nöltalə̑n |
| nöltal | -ə̑n |
| nöltal | -n |
| raise | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| kə̑č́kə̑rale: |
| kə̑č́kə̑ral | -'e |
| kə̑č́kə̑ral | -Je |
| shout | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| «Glušitle |
| Glušitle | -Ø |
| glušitle | -Ø |
| stun | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| «Glušitle |
| Glušitle | -Ø |
| glušitle | -Ø |
| stun | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| motoretə̑m!» |
| motor | -et | -ə̑m |
| motor | -et | -m |
| beautiful | -2SG | -ACC |
| ad/av/no | -poss | -case |
| motoretə̑m!» |
| motor | -et | -ə̑m |
| motor | -et | -m |
| motor | -2SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
goboist 1 (N. Arban)
Flejtist ale goboist lijaš eše kańə̑le, no βot skripač́...
| Flejtist |
| Flejtist |
| flejtist |
| flautist |
| no |
|
| ale |
| al'e |
| al'e |
| or |
| av/co/pa |
| ale |
| ale | -Ø |
| ale | -Ø |
| soften.bast | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ale |
| ale | -Ø |
| ale | -Ø |
| soften.bast | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| goboist |
| goboist |
| goboist |
| oboe.player |
| no |
|
| lijaš |
| lij | -aš |
| lij | -aš |
| be | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
| eše |
| eše | -Ø |
| eše | -Ø |
| fall.heavily | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| eše |
| eše | -Ø |
| eše | -Ø |
| fall.heavily | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| kańə̑le, |
| kańə̑le |
| kańə̑le |
| easy |
| ad |
|
|
|
| skripač́... |
| skripač́ |
| skripač́ |
| violinist |
| no |
|
goboj 1 (N. Arban)
Kumšo Ozaŋ olašte tatar operə̑šte goboj dene solist, – parńaž dene šotla artist.
| Kumšo |
| Kumšo |
| kumšo |
| third |
| av/nm |
|
| Ozaŋ |
| Ozaŋ | -Ø |
| ozaŋ | -Ø |
| get.an.owner | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| Ozaŋ |
| Ozaŋ | -Ø |
| ozaŋ | -Ø |
| get.an.owner | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| Ozaŋ |
| Ozaŋ | -Ø |
| ozaŋ | -Ø |
| get.an.owner | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| Ozaŋ |
| Oza | -ŋ | -Ø |
| oza | -aŋ | -Ø |
| owner | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Ozaŋ |
| Oza | -ŋ | -Ø |
| oza | -aŋ | -Ø |
| owner | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Ozaŋ |
| Oza | -ŋ | -Ø |
| oza | -aŋ | -Ø |
| owner | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| olašte |
| ola | -šte |
| ola | -šte |
| city | -INE |
| no | -case |
| olašte |
| ola | -šte |
| ola | -šte |
| motley | -INE |
| ad | -case |
|
| tatar |
| tatar |
| tatar |
| Tatar |
| no |
|
| operə̑šte |
| oper | -ə̑šte |
| oper | -šte |
| opera | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| goboj |
| goboj |
| goboj |
| oboe |
| no |
|
|
| solist, – |
| solist |
| solist |
| soloist |
| no |
|
| parńaž |
| parńa | -ž |
| parńa | -že |
| finger | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| šotla |
| šot | -la |
| šot | -la |
| use | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| šotla |
| šot | -la |
| šot | -la |
| use | -PL |
| no | -num |
| šotla |
| šot | -la |
| šot | -la |
| use | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| šotla |
| šotl | -a |
| šotlo | -a |
| count | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| artist. |
| artist |
| artist |
| artist |
| no |
|
goβor 1
Joškar-Ola goβor
| Joškar-Ola |
| Joškar-Ola |
| Joškar-Ola |
| Yoshkar-Ola |
| pn |
|
| goβor |
| goβor |
| goβor |
| dialect |
| no |
|
goβor 2
βolžskij goβor
| βolžskij |
| βolžskij |
| βolžskij |
| Volga |
| ad |
|
| goβor |
| goβor |
| goβor |
| dialect |
| no |
|
goβor 3 («Mar. fil.»)
Erβel nareč́ijə̑n jatə̑r goβorə̑štə̑žo tatar den baškir jə̑lme-βlakə̑n kə̑šašt, palə̑št koješ.
| Erβel |
| Erβel |
| erβel |
| east |
| no |
|
| nareč́ijə̑n |
| nareč́ij | -ə̑n |
| nareč́ij | -n |
| dialect | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| jatə̑r |
| jatə̑r |
| jatə̑r |
| much |
| av/no/pr |
|
| goβorə̑štə̑žo |
| goβor | -ə̑štə̑ | -žo |
| goβor | -šte | -že |
| dialect | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| tatar |
| tatar |
| tatar |
| Tatar |
| no |
|
|
| baškir |
| baškir |
| baškir |
| Bashkir |
| no |
|
| jə̑lme-βlakə̑n |
| jə̑lme | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| jə̑lme | -βlak | -n |
| tongue | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| kə̑šašt, |
| kə̑ša | -št |
| kə̑ša | -št |
| tracks | -3PL |
| no | -poss |
|
| palə̑št |
| palə̑ | -št |
| pale | -št |
| marking | -3PL |
| ad/no | -poss |
| palə̑št |
| palə̑ | -št |
| pale | -št |
| know | -IMP.3PL |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| palə̑št |
| palə̑ | -š | -t |
| pale | -š | -t |
| know | -PST1 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| koješ. |
| koješ |
| koješ |
| it.seems |
| pa |
| koješ. |
| koj | -eš |
| koj | -eš |
| be.visible | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
godsek 1
Er godsek
| Er |
| Er |
| er |
| morning |
| ad/av/no |
|
| godsek |
| godsek |
| godsek |
| since |
| po |
|
godsek 2
šoč́mo godsek
| šoč́mo |
| šoč́mo |
| šoč́mo |
| Monday |
| ad/no |
| šoč́mo |
| šoč́ | -mo |
| šoč́ | -me |
| be.born | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| godsek |
| godsek |
| godsek |
| since |
| po |
|
godsek 3
izi godsek
|
|
| godsek |
| godsek |
| godsek |
| since |
| po |
|
godsek 4
kok ij godsek
|
|
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| godsek |
| godsek |
| godsek |
| since |
| po |
|
godsek 5 (K. Isakoβ)
Izi godsek palə̑me motor Jul serem, mo ulo tüńašte tə̑j deč́et šerge!
|
|
| godsek |
| godsek |
| godsek |
| since |
| po |
|
| palə̑me |
| palə̑me |
| palə̑me |
| known |
| ad |
| palə̑me |
| palə̑ | -me |
| pale | -me |
| know | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| motor |
| motor |
| motor |
| beautiful |
| ad/av/no |
| motor |
| motor |
| motor |
| motor |
| no |
|
|
| serem, |
| ser | -em |
| ser | -em |
| shore | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| serem, |
| ser | -em |
| sere | -em |
| write | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| serem, |
| ser | -em | -Ø |
| ser | -em | -Ø |
| shore | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| serem, |
| ser | -em | -Ø |
| ser | -em | -Ø |
| shore | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| serem, |
| ser | -em | -Ø |
| ser | -em | -Ø |
| shore | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| mo |
| mo |
| mo |
| what |
| ad/av/pa/pr |
|
|
| tüńašte |
| tüńa | -šte |
| tüńa | -šte |
| world | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| deč́et |
| deč́ | -et |
| deč́ | -et |
| from | -2SG |
| po | -poss |
|
| šerge! |
| šerge |
| šerge |
| expensive |
| ad |
| šerge! |
| šerge |
| šerge |
| comb |
| no |
| šerge! |
| šer | -ge |
| šer | -ge |
| bead | -COM |
| no | -case |
| šerge! |
| šer | -ge |
| šer | -ge |
| pulse | -COM |
| no | -case |
| šerge! |
| šer | -ge |
| šer | -ge |
| need | -COM |
| no | -case |
| šerge! |
| šerge | -Ø |
| šerge | -Ø |
| look.over | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šerge! |
| šerge | -Ø |
| šerge | -Ø |
| look.over | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
godsek 6 (O. Ipaj)
Nə̑l ij godsek inženerlan mə̑j tunemə̑m.
|
|
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| godsek |
| godsek |
| godsek |
| since |
| po |
|
| inženerlan |
| inžener | -lan |
| inžener | -lan |
| engineer | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| inženerlan |
| inžener | -la | -n |
| inžener | -la | -n |
| engineer | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
|
| tunemə̑m. |
| tunem | -ə̑m |
| tunem | -ə̑m |
| learn | -PST1.1SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| tunemə̑m. |
| tu | -n | -em | -ə̑m |
| tu | -n | -em | -m |
| that | -GEN | -1SG | -ACC |
| pr | -case | -poss | -case |
| tunemə̑m. |
| tu | -n | -em | -ə̑m |
| tu | -n | -em | -m |
| gland | -GEN | -1SG | -ACC |
| no | -case | -poss | -case |
| tunemə̑m. |
| tu | -n | -em | -ə̑m |
| tu | -n | -em | -m |
| banner | -GEN | -1SG | -ACC |
| no | -case | -poss | -case |
|
godsek 7 (M. Šketan)
Izβate Ońakaj tolmo godsek sajə̑n ilə̑maš uke.
| Izβate |
| Izβate |
| izβate |
| second.wife |
| no |
|
| Ońakaj |
| Ońakaj |
| Ońakaj |
| Ońakay |
| na |
|
| tolmo |
| tolmo |
| tolmo |
| arrival |
| ad |
| tolmo |
| tol | -mo |
| tol | -me |
| come | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| godsek |
| godsek |
| godsek |
| since |
| po |
|
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| well |
| av |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| each |
| po |
| sajə̑n |
| saj | -ə̑n |
| saj | -n |
| good | -GEN |
| ad/av | -case |
|
| ilə̑maš |
| ilə̑maš |
| ilə̑maš |
| living |
| no |
| ilə̑maš |
| ilə̑ | -maš |
| ile | -maš |
| live | -NMLZ |
| vb2 | -deriv.n |
|
|
godso 1
Tele godso
|
|
| godso |
| godso |
| godso |
| of.the.time |
| ad/no |
|
godso 2
keŋež godso
| keŋež |
| keŋež |
| keŋež |
| summer |
| no |
|
| godso |
| godso |
| godso |
| of.the.time |
| ad/no |
|
godso 3
koč́a godso
| koč́a |
| koč́a |
| koč́a |
| grandfather |
| no |
| koč́a |
| koč́ | -a |
| koč́o | -a |
| become.bitter | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| godso |
| godso |
| godso |
| of.the.time |
| ad/no |
|
godso 4
tošto godso
| tošto |
| tošto |
| tošto |
| old |
| ad/no |
| tošto |
| toš | -to |
| toš | -šte |
| butt | -INE |
| no | -case |
| tošto |
| tošt | -o |
| tošt | -Je |
| dare | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| godso |
| godso |
| godso |
| of.the.time |
| ad/no |
|
godso 5
akret godso
| akret |
| akret |
| akret |
| ancient |
| ad |
|
| godso |
| godso |
| godso |
| of.the.time |
| ad/no |
|
godso 6 (K. Vasin)
Paroχod tošto, latindešə̑mše kurə̑m godso.
| Paroχod |
| Paroχod |
| paroχod |
| steamer |
| no |
|
| tošto, |
| tošto |
| tošto |
| old |
| ad/no |
| tošto, |
| toš | -to |
| toš | -šte |
| butt | -INE |
| no | -case |
| tošto, |
| tošt | -o |
| tošt | -Je |
| dare | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| latindešə̑mše |
| latindešə̑mše |
| latindešə̑mše |
| nineteenth |
| nm |
|
| kurə̑m |
| kurə̑m |
| kurə̑m |
| century |
| no |
|
| godso. |
| godso |
| godso |
| of.the.time |
| ad/no |
|
godso 7 (S. Č́aβajn)
Joč́a godsə̑m šonaltaš jöratem.
| Joč́a |
| Joč́a |
| joč́a |
| child |
| no |
|
| godsə̑m |
| godsə̑ | -m |
| godso | -m |
| of.the.time | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| šonaltaš |
| šonalt | -aš |
| šonalt | -aš |
| seem | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| šonaltaš |
| šonalt | -aš |
| šonalte | -aš |
| think | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| šonaltaš |
| šon | -alt | -aš |
| šono | -alt | -aš |
| think | -REF | -INF |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -inf |
|
| jöratem. |
| jörat | -em |
| jörate | -em |
| love | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
godsə̑la 1
Tele godsə̑la
|
|
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑la |
| as.in.the.time |
| av |
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑ | -la |
| godso | -la |
| of.the.time | -COMP |
| ad/no | -case |
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑ | -la |
| godso | -la |
| of.the.time | -PL |
| ad/no | -num |
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑ | -la |
| godso | -la |
| of.the.time | -STR |
| ad/no | -enc |
|
godsə̑la 2
šošo godsə̑la
|
|
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑la |
| as.in.the.time |
| av |
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑ | -la |
| godso | -la |
| of.the.time | -COMP |
| ad/no | -case |
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑ | -la |
| godso | -la |
| of.the.time | -PL |
| ad/no | -num |
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑ | -la |
| godso | -la |
| of.the.time | -STR |
| ad/no | -enc |
|
godsə̑la 3
rβeze godsə̑la
| rβeze |
| rβeze |
| rβeze |
| young.man |
| ad/no |
|
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑la |
| as.in.the.time |
| av |
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑ | -la |
| godso | -la |
| of.the.time | -COMP |
| ad/no | -case |
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑ | -la |
| godso | -la |
| of.the.time | -PL |
| ad/no | -num |
| godsə̑la |
| godsə̑ | -la |
| godso | -la |
| of.the.time | -STR |
| ad/no | -enc |
|
godsə̑la 4 (P. Korniloβ)
Ronoštat č́ə̑la tošto godsə̑lak koješ.
| Ronoštat |
| Rono | -št | -at |
| rono | -št | -at |
| district.public.education.authority | -3PL | -and |
| no | -poss | -enc |
| Ronoštat |
| Rono | -št | -at |
| rono | -šte | -at |
| district.public.education.authority | -INE | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
|
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| everything |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
| tošto |
| tošto |
| tošto |
| old |
| ad/no |
| tošto |
| toš | -to |
| toš | -šte |
| butt | -INE |
| no | -case |
| tošto |
| tošt | -o |
| tošt | -Je |
| dare | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| godsə̑lak |
| godsə̑la | -k |
| godsə̑la | -ak |
| as.in.the.time | -STR |
| av | -enc |
| godsə̑lak |
| godsə̑ | -la | -k |
| godso | -la | -ak |
| of.the.time | -COMP | -STR |
| ad/no | -case | -enc |
| godsə̑lak |
| godsə̑ | -la | -k |
| godso | -la | -ak |
| of.the.time | -PL | -STR |
| ad/no | -num | -enc |
|
| koješ. |
| koješ |
| koješ |
| it.seems |
| pa |
| koješ. |
| koj | -eš |
| koj | -eš |
| be.visible | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
godsə̑la 5 (A. Asajeβ)
Üdə̑r godsə̑žlak βes pölemə̑š kuštə̑lgə̑n kuržə̑n koltə̑š.
| Üdə̑r |
| Üdə̑r |
| üdə̑r |
| daughter |
| no |
| Üdə̑r |
| Üdə̑r |
| Üdə̑r |
| Virgo |
| no |
|
| godsə̑žlak |
| godsə̑ | -ž | -la | -k |
| godso | -že | -la | -ak |
| of.the.time | -3SG | -COMP | -STR |
| ad/no | -poss | -case | -enc |
| godsə̑žlak |
| godsə̑ | -ž | -la | -k |
| godso | -že | -la | -ak |
| of.the.time | -3SG | -PL | -STR |
| ad/no | -poss | -num | -enc |
|
| βes |
| βes |
| βes |
| different |
| ad/pr |
|
| pölemə̑š |
| pölem | -ə̑š |
| pölem | -š |
| room | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| kuštə̑lgə̑n |
| kuštə̑lgə̑n |
| kuštə̑lgə̑n |
| easily |
| av |
| kuštə̑lgə̑n |
| kuštə̑lgə̑ | -n |
| kuštə̑lgo | -n |
| light | -GEN |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| kuržə̑n |
| kurž | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| kurž | -n | -Ø |
| run | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kuržə̑n |
| kurž | -ə̑n |
| kurž | -n |
| run | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| koltə̑š. |
| koltə̑š |
| koltə̑š |
| conductivity |
| no |
| koltə̑š. |
| koltə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| kolto | -š | -Ø |
| send | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
godə̑m 1 (S. Višneβskij)
Sar godə̑m tə̑je okopə̑što ə̑l'ə̑č́.
|
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
|
| okopə̑što |
| okop | -ə̑što |
| okop | -šte |
| trench | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑l'ə̑č́. |
| ə̑l | -'ə̑č́ |
| ul | -ə̑č́ |
| be | -PST1.2SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| ə̑l'ə̑č́. |
| ə̑l | -'ə̑č́ |
| ul | -ə̑č́ |
| be | -PST1.3PL |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
godə̑m 2 (M. Šketan)
Jeβse kumlo ij godə̑m kolə̑meškə̑že podkogə̑l'ə̑m koč́kə̑n ilen.
| Jeβse |
| Jeβse |
| Jeβse |
| Yevse |
| na |
|
| kumlo |
| kumlo |
| kumlo |
| thirty |
| nm |
|
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
| kolə̑meškə̑že |
| kolə̑meškə̑ | -že |
| kolə̑meške | -že |
| till.death | -3SG |
| av | -poss |
| kolə̑meškə̑že |
| kolə̑ | -meškə̑ | -že |
| kolo | -meške | -že |
| die | -CVB.FUT | -3SG |
| vb2 | -adv | -poss |
|
| podkogə̑l'ə̑m |
| podkogə̑l'ə̑ | -m |
| podkogə̑l'o | -m |
| dumplings | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| koč́kə̑n |
| koč́k | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| koč́k | -n | -Ø |
| eat | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| koč́kə̑n |
| koč́k | -ə̑n |
| koč́k | -n |
| eat | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ilen. |
| il'e | -n |
| il'e | -n |
| damp | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| ilen. |
| il | -en | -Ø |
| ile | -en | -Ø |
| live | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ilen. |
| il | -en |
| ile | -en |
| live | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
godə̑m 3 (K. Vasin)
Stopan βolgə̑žmo godə̑mak kə̑nele.
| Stopan |
| Stopan |
| stopan |
| with.a.foot |
| ad |
| Stopan |
| Stopa | -n |
| stopa | -an |
| foot | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| Stopan |
| Stopa | -n |
| stopa | -n |
| foot | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| βolgə̑žmo |
| βolgə̑ž | -mo |
| βolgə̑ž | -me |
| break | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| godə̑mak |
| godə̑m | -ak |
| godə̑m | -ak |
| during | -STR |
| po | -enc |
|
| kə̑nele. |
| kə̑ńel | -'e |
| kə̑ńel | -Je |
| get.up | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
godə̑m 4 (A. Volkoβ)
Jüksö kajə̑k ulmo godə̑m pörtkajə̑kə̑m kö onč́a?
| Jüksö |
| Jüksö |
| jüksö |
| swan |
| no |
|
| kajə̑k |
| kajə̑k |
| kajə̑k |
| bird |
| no |
|
| ulmo |
| ul | -mo |
| ul | -me |
| be | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
| pörtkajə̑kə̑m |
| pörtkajə̑k | -ə̑m |
| pörtkajə̑k | -m |
| sparrow | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
|
| onč́a? |
| onč́ | -a |
| onč́o | -a |
| look | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
godə̑m 5 (Kalə̑kmut)
Mə̑žeretə̑m uə̑ž godə̑m č́amane.
| Mə̑žeretə̑m |
| Mə̑žer | -et | -ə̑m |
| mə̑žer | -et | -m |
| caftan | -2SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
| č́amane. |
| č́amane | -Ø |
| č́amane | -Ø |
| pity | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| č́amane. |
| č́amane | -Ø |
| č́amane | -Ø |
| pity | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
godə̑m 6 (S. Č́aβajn)
Leβentej kugə̑za smola pu ruen koštmə̑ž godə̑m maska βə̑nemə̑m muə̑n.
| Leβentej |
| Leβentej |
| Leβentej |
| Leventey |
| na |
|
| kugə̑za |
| kugə̑za |
| kugə̑za |
| old.man |
| no |
|
| smola |
| smola |
| smola |
| pitch |
| no |
|
| pu |
| pu | -Ø |
| puo | -Ø |
| give | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| pu |
| pu | -Ø |
| puo | -Ø |
| blow | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| pu |
| pu | -Ø |
| puo | -Ø |
| give | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| pu |
| pu | -Ø |
| puo | -Ø |
| blow | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| ruen |
| ru} | -en | -Ø |
| ruo | -en | -Ø |
| chop | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ruen |
| ru} | -en |
| ruo | -en |
| chop | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| koštmə̑ž |
| koštmə̑ | -ž |
| koštmo | -že |
| movement | -3SG |
| ad | -poss |
| koštmə̑ž |
| košt | -mə̑ | -ž |
| košt | -me | -že |
| go | -PTCP.PASS | -3SG |
| vb1 | -ad | -poss |
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
| maska |
| maska |
| maska |
| bear |
| no |
|
| βə̑nemə̑m |
| βə̑ńem | -ə̑m |
| βə̑ńem | -m |
| pit | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| muə̑n. |
| mu | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| mu | -n | -Ø |
| find | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| muə̑n. |
| mu | -ə̑n |
| mu | -n |
| find | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
godə̑m 7 (A. Erə̑kan)
Kajə̑šašə̑ž godə̑m gə̑na bač́ə̑ška Miklajlan uškalže nergen mutə̑m lukto.
| Kajə̑šašə̑ž |
| Kajə̑ | -šaš | -ə̑ž |
| kaje | -šaš | -že |
| go | -PTCP.FUT | -3SG |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss |
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| bač́ə̑ška |
| bač́ə̑ška |
| bač́ə̑ška |
| priest |
| no |
|
| Miklajlan |
| Miklajlan |
| Miklajlan |
| Miklaylan |
| na |
|
| uškalže |
| uškal | -že |
| uškal | -že |
| cow | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| nergen |
| nergen |
| nergen |
| about |
| po |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| cold | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| badger | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| order | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| mutə̑m |
| mut | -ə̑m |
| mut | -m |
| word | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| lukto. |
| lukt | -o |
| lukt | -Je |
| lead.out | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
godə̑m 8 (M. Šketan)
Paša ə̑štə̑šaš godə̑m, ške ilə̑šetə̑m pojdarə̑šaš godə̑m, tə̑j βatetə̑m uškalen tolašet.
|
|
| ə̑štə̑šaš |
| ə̑štə̑šaš |
| ə̑štə̑šaš |
| be.done |
| ad |
| ə̑štə̑šaš |
| ə̑štə̑ | -šaš |
| ə̑šte | -šaš |
| do | -PTCP.FUT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| godə̑m, |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
|
| ilə̑šetə̑m |
| ilə̑š | -et | -ə̑m |
| ilə̑š | -et | -m |
| life | -2SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| ilə̑šetə̑m |
| ilə̑š | -et | -ə̑m |
| ilə̑še | -et | -m |
| living | -2SG | -ACC |
| ad/no | -poss | -case |
| ilə̑šetə̑m |
| ilə̑ | -š | -et | -ə̑m |
| ile | -še | -et | -m |
| live | -PTCP.ACT | -2SG | -ACC |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss | -case |
|
| pojdarə̑šaš |
| pojdarə̑ | -šaš |
| pojdare | -šaš |
| enrichen | -PTCP.FUT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| godə̑m, |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
|
| βatetə̑m |
| βat | -et | -ə̑m |
| βate | -et | -m |
| wife | -2SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| βatetə̑m |
| βat | -et | -ə̑m |
| βate | -et | -m |
| absorbent.cotton | -2SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| uškalen |
| uškal | -en | -Ø |
| uškale | -en | -Ø |
| be.jealous | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| uškalen |
| uškal | -en | -Ø |
| uškale | -en | -Ø |
| join | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| uškalen |
| uškal | -en |
| uškale | -en |
| be.jealous | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| uškalen |
| uškal | -en |
| uškale | -en |
| join | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| tolašet. |
| tolaš | -et |
| tolaše | -et |
| try | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| tolašet. |
| tol | -aš | -et |
| tol | -aš | -et |
| come | -INF | -2SG |
| vb1 | -inf | -poss |
| tolašet. |
| tol | -aš | -et |
| tolo | -aš | -et |
| steal | -INF | -2SG |
| vb2 | -inf | -poss |
|
godə̑m 9 (N. Lekajn)
Eleksejə̑n ergə̑že Eč́an dene mə̑j kodšo godə̑m, tə̑šeč́ lekmeke, kornə̑štak mutlanen kajə̑šna.
| Eleksejə̑n |
| Eleksejə̑n |
| Eleksejə̑n |
| Elekseyyn |
| na |
|
| ergə̑že |
| ergə̑ | -že |
| erge | -že |
| son | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| ergə̑že |
| ergə̑ | -že |
| erge | -že |
| warp | -IMP.3SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ergə̑že |
| ergə̑ | -že |
| erge | -že |
| reap | -IMP.3SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ergə̑že |
| ergə̑ | -Ø | -že |
| erge | -Ø | -že |
| warp | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb2 | -conn | -poss |
| ergə̑že |
| ergə̑ | -Ø | -že |
| erge | -Ø | -že |
| reap | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb2 | -conn | -poss |
|
| Eč́an |
| Eč́an |
| Eč́an |
| Echan |
| na |
|
|
|
| kodšo |
| kodšo |
| kodšo |
| last |
| ad/no |
| kodšo |
| kod | -šo |
| kod | -še |
| stay | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| kodšo |
| kod | -šo |
| kod | -že |
| code | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| kodšo |
| kod | -šo |
| kod | -že |
| stay | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kodšo |
| kod | -Ø | -šo |
| kod | -Ø | -že |
| stay | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| kodšo |
| kod | -Ø | -šo |
| kod | -Ø | -že |
| stay | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
| godə̑m, |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
| tə̑šeč́ |
| tə̑šeč́ |
| tə̑šeč́ |
| from.here |
| av/pr |
|
| lekmeke, |
| lek | -meke |
| lekt | -meke |
| go | -CVB.PRI |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| kornə̑štak |
| kornə̑ | -št | -ak |
| korno | -št | -ak |
| road | -3PL | -STR |
| no | -poss | -enc |
| kornə̑štak |
| kornə̑ | -št | -ak |
| korno | -šte | -ak |
| road | -INE | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
|
| mutlanen |
| mutlan | -en | -Ø |
| mutlane | -en | -Ø |
| talk | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| mutlanen |
| mutlan | -en |
| mutlane | -en |
| talk | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kajə̑šna. |
| kajə̑ | -š | -na |
| kaje | -š | -na |
| go | -PST1 | -1PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
godə̑m 10 (J. Jalmarij)
Molo godə̑m Ol'um pakč́aštə̑že č́üč́kə̑də̑n užam ə̑le.
| Molo |
| Molo |
| molo |
| other |
| no/pr |
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
| Ol'um |
| Ol'um |
| Ol'um |
| Ol'um |
| na |
|
| pakč́aštə̑že |
| pakč́a | -štə̑ | -že |
| pakč́a | -šte | -že |
| garden | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| č́üč́kə̑də̑n |
| č́üč́kə̑də̑n |
| č́üč́kə̑də̑n |
| often |
| av |
| č́üč́kə̑də̑n |
| č́üč́kə̑də̑ | -n |
| č́üč́kə̑dö | -n |
| frequent | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| užam |
| už | -am |
| už | -am |
| see | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| ə̑le. |
| ə̑l | -'e |
| ul | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
godə̑m 11 (A. Juzə̑kajn)
Tə̑se pürtüs šagal godə̑m ajdeme jükə̑m kolə̑n.
| Tə̑se |
| Tə̑se |
| tə̑se |
| local |
| ad/no/pr |
|
| pürtüs |
| pürtüs |
| pürtüs |
| nature |
| no |
|
| šagal |
| šagal |
| šagal |
| little |
| ad/av/no |
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
| ajdeme |
| ajdeme |
| ajdeme |
| human |
| no |
|
| jükə̑m |
| jük | -ə̑m |
| jük | -m |
| voice | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kolə̑n. |
| kol | -ə̑n |
| kol | -n |
| fish | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| kolə̑n. |
| kol | -ə̑n |
| kol | -n |
| Pisces | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| kolə̑n. |
| kolə̑ | -n |
| kolo | -n |
| twenty | -GEN |
| nm | -case |
| kolə̑n. |
| kol | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| kol | -n | -Ø |
| hear | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kolə̑n. |
| kol | -ə̑n |
| kol | -n |
| hear | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
godə̑m 12 (S. Č́aβajn)
Ilə̑šə̑šte šukə̑ž godə̑m tə̑ge liješ: iktə̑lan pial, βesə̑lan ojgo.
| Ilə̑šə̑šte |
| Ilə̑š | -ə̑šte |
| ilə̑š | -šte |
| life | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Ilə̑šə̑šte |
| Ilə̑šə̑ | -šte |
| ilə̑še | -šte |
| living | -INE |
| ad/no | -case |
| Ilə̑šə̑šte |
| Ilə̑ | -šə̑ | -šte |
| ile | -še | -šte |
| live | -PTCP.ACT | -INE |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
| šukə̑ž |
| šukə̑ | -ž |
| šuko | -že |
| a.lot | -3SG |
| ad/av/no | -poss |
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
| tə̑ge |
| tə̑ge |
| tə̑ge |
| so |
| av/pa/pr |
|
| liješ: |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ: |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| iktə̑lan |
| iktə̑ | -lan |
| ikte | -lan |
| one | -DAT |
| nm/pr | -case |
| iktə̑lan |
| iktə̑ | -la | -n |
| ikte | -la | -n |
| one | -PL | -GEN |
| nm/pr | -num | -case |
|
| pial, |
| pial |
| pial |
| happiness |
| no |
|
| βesə̑lan |
| βesə̑ | -lan |
| βese | -lan |
| different | -DAT |
| ad/no/pr | -case |
| βesə̑lan |
| βesə̑ | -la | -n |
| βese | -la | -n |
| different | -PL | -GEN |
| ad/no/pr | -num | -case |
|
|
godə̑m 13 (K. Vasin)
No č́ə̑la godə̑mat šə̑lə̑n utlə̑š.
|
|
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| everything |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
| godə̑mat |
| godə̑m | -at |
| godə̑m | -at |
| during | -and |
| po | -enc |
|
| šə̑lə̑n |
| šə̑l | -ə̑n |
| šə̑l | -n |
| meat | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| šə̑lə̑n |
| šə̑l | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| šə̑l | -n | -Ø |
| hide | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šə̑lə̑n |
| šə̑l | -ə̑n |
| šə̑l | -n |
| hide | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| utlə̑š. |
| utlə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| utlo | -š | -Ø |
| escape | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
godə̑m 14 (O. Ipaj)
Ožno godə̑m tule gane šužen koštšo βol'ə̑kna.
| Ožno |
| Ožno |
| ožno |
| once |
| av/po |
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
| tule |
| tul'e |
| tul'e |
| flax.brake |
| no |
|
|
| šužen |
| šuž | -en | -Ø |
| šužo | -en | -Ø |
| get.hungry | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šužen |
| šuž | -en |
| šužo | -en |
| get.hungry | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| koštšo |
| koštšo |
| koštšo |
| passerby |
| ad/no |
| koštšo |
| košt | -šo |
| košt | -še |
| go | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| koštšo |
| košt | -šo |
| košt | -že |
| X | -3SG |
| de | -poss |
| koštšo |
| košt | -šo |
| košt | -že |
| go | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| koštšo |
| košt | -Ø | -šo |
| košt | -Ø | -že |
| go | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| koštšo |
| košt | -Ø | -šo |
| košt | -Ø | -že |
| go | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
| βol'ə̑kna. |
| βol'ə̑k | -na |
| βol'ə̑k | -na |
| cattle | -1PL |
| no | -poss |
|
godə̑m 15 (M. Šketan)
Pašašt kalə̑klan južo godə̑m ogeš kelše.
| Pašašt |
| Paša | -št |
| paša | -št |
| work | -3PL |
| no | -poss |
|
| kalə̑klan |
| kalə̑kl | -an |
| kalə̑kle | -an |
| national | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| kalə̑klan |
| kalə̑k | -lan |
| kalə̑k | -lan |
| people | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| kalə̑klan |
| kalə̑k | -la | -n |
| kalə̑k | -la | -n |
| people | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| južo |
| ju | -žo |
| ju | -že |
| magic | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| južo |
| ju | -žo |
| ju | -že |
| cool | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
| ogeš |
| og | -eš |
| og | -eš |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| kelše. |
| kel | -še |
| kel | -še |
| step | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| kelše. |
| kelše | -Ø |
| kelše | -Ø |
| appeal.to | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| kelše. |
| kelše | -Ø |
| kelše | -Ø |
| appeal.to | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
godə̑mso 1 (J. Jalmarij)
Joč́a godə̑mso semə̑nak koktə̑n kidnam βaš kuč́en, tul βolgə̑do kojmo βelə̑š kuržə̑n koltə̑šna.
| Joč́a |
| Joč́a |
| joč́a |
| child |
| no |
|
| godə̑mso |
| godə̑mso |
| godə̑mso |
| of.a.time |
| ad |
|
| semə̑nak |
| semə̑n | -ak |
| semə̑n | -ak |
| like | -STR |
| po | -enc |
| semə̑nak |
| sem | -ə̑n | -ak |
| sem | -n | -ak |
| melody | -GEN | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
| semə̑nak |
| sem | -ə̑n | -ak |
| sem | -n | -ak |
| sense | -GEN | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
|
| koktə̑n |
| koktə̑n |
| koktə̑n |
| as.a.pair |
| av |
|
| kidnam |
| kid | -na | -m |
| kid | -na | -m |
| hand | -1PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
|
| kuč́en, |
| kuč́ | -en | -Ø |
| kuč́o | -en | -Ø |
| hold | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kuč́en, |
| kuč́ | -en |
| kuč́o | -en |
| hold | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
|
| βolgə̑do |
| βolgə̑do |
| βolgə̑do |
| light |
| ad/no |
|
| kojmo |
| kojmo |
| kojmo |
| visible |
| ad |
| kojmo |
| koj | -mo |
| koj | -me |
| be.visible | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| βelə̑š |
| βelə̑š |
| βelə̑š |
| the.side |
| po |
| βelə̑š |
| βel | -ə̑š |
| βel | -š |
| side | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| βelə̑š |
| βelə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| βele | -š | -Ø |
| spill | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| kuržə̑n |
| kurž | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| kurž | -n | -Ø |
| run | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kuržə̑n |
| kurž | -ə̑n |
| kurž | -n |
| run | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| koltə̑šna. |
| koltə̑š | -na |
| koltə̑š | -na |
| conductivity | -1PL |
| no | -poss |
| koltə̑šna. |
| koltə̑ | -š | -na |
| kolto | -š | -na |
| send | -PST1 | -1PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gož-gož 1 (N. Muχin)
Gož-gož šoktal mardež dene, βoktenə̑že kož šoga.
| Gož-gož |
| Gož-gož |
| gož-gož |
| X |
| de |
|
| šoktal |
| šoktal | -Ø |
| šoktal | -Ø |
| play | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| šoktal |
| šoktal | -Ø |
| šoktal | -Ø |
| play | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| šoktal |
| šoktal | -Ø |
| šoktal | -Ø |
| play | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| mardež |
| mardež |
| mardež |
| wind |
| no |
|
|
| βoktenə̑že |
| βoktenə̑ | -že |
| βoktene | -že |
| beside | -3SG |
| av/po | -poss |
|
|
| šoga. |
| šoga |
| šoga |
| plough |
| no |
| šoga. |
| šog | -a |
| šogo | -a |
| stand | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gož-ž 1 (K. Vasin)
Korno jə̑r šem č́odə̑ra šujnen kija. Leβe mardež dene erkə̑n tarβanen, gož-ž, gož-ž lüška.
| Korno |
| Korno |
| korno |
| road |
| no |
|
| jə̑r |
| jə̑r |
| jə̑r |
| around |
| ad/av/no/po |
|
|
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| forest |
| no |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| coarse |
| ad |
|
| šujnen |
| šujn | -en | -Ø |
| šujno | -en | -Ø |
| stretch.out | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šujnen |
| šujn | -en |
| šujno | -en |
| stretch.out | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kija. |
| kij | -a |
| kije | -a |
| lie | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| Leβe |
| Leβe |
| leβe |
| warm |
| ad/no |
| Leβe |
| Leβe | -Ø |
| leβe | -Ø |
| melt | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Leβe |
| Leβe | -Ø |
| leβe | -Ø |
| melt | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| mardež |
| mardež |
| mardež |
| wind |
| no |
|
|
| erkə̑n |
| erkə̑n |
| erkə̑n |
| softly |
| ad/av |
| erkə̑n |
| erkə̑n |
| erkə̑n |
| freedom |
| av/no |
| erkə̑n |
| erkə̑ | -n |
| erke | -n |
| peace | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| tarβanen, |
| tarβan | -en | -Ø |
| tarβane | -en | -Ø |
| move | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| tarβanen, |
| tarβan | -en |
| tarβane | -en |
| move | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
|
|
| lüška. |
| lüšk | -a |
| lüškö | -a |
| make.noise | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gojə̑š 1 (D. Oraj)
Tunam Pašer jə̑βə̑rtale. «Tidə̑že č́amana, gojə̑š», – šonaltə̑š.
| Tunam |
| Tunam |
| tunam |
| then |
| av |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m |
| tuna | -m |
| heifer | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m |
| tuna | -em |
| heifer | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| Tunam |
| Tu | -na | -m |
| tu | -na | -m |
| that | -1PL | -ACC |
| pr | -poss | -case |
| Tunam |
| Tu | -na | -m |
| tu | -na | -m |
| gland | -1PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| Tunam |
| Tu | -na | -m |
| tu | -na | -m |
| banner | -1PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m | -Ø |
| tuna | -em | -Ø |
| heifer | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m | -Ø |
| tuna | -em | -Ø |
| heifer | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m | -Ø |
| tuna | -em | -Ø |
| heifer | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| Pašer |
| Pašer |
| Pašer |
| Pasher |
| na |
|
| jə̑βə̑rtale. |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| «Tidə̑že |
| Tidə̑ | -že |
| tide | -že |
| this | -3SG |
| pr | -poss |
| «Tidə̑že |
| Tidə̑ | -že |
| tide | -že |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.3SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| «Tidə̑že |
| Tidə̑ | -Ø | -že |
| tide | -Ø | -že |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb2 | -conn | -poss |
|
| č́amana, |
| č́ama | -na |
| č́ama | -na |
| measure | -1PL |
| no | -poss |
| č́amana, |
| č́aman | -a |
| č́amane | -a |
| pity | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| gojə̑š», – |
| gojə̑š |
| gojə̑š |
| apparently |
| pa |
|
| šonaltə̑š. |
| šonaltə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| šonalte | -š | -Ø |
| think | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gol 1 (V. Kosorotoβ)
Mə̑j č́ə̑lt örə̑m, kuze tə̑j mə̑jə̑n kapkaškem golə̑m purtə̑šə̑č́? – jodo Genriχ.
|
|
| č́ə̑lt |
| č́ə̑lt |
| č́ə̑lt |
| completely |
| av/pa |
|
| örə̑m, |
| ör | -ə̑m |
| ör | -m |
| slope | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| örə̑m, |
| örə̑ | -m |
| örö | -m |
| groove | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| örə̑m, |
| ör | -ə̑m |
| ör | -ə̑m |
| be.surprised | -PST1.1SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| kuze |
| kuze |
| kuze |
| how |
| av/co/no/pa |
|
|
| mə̑jə̑n |
| mə̑jə̑n |
| mə̑jə̑n |
| my |
| pr |
| mə̑jə̑n |
| mə̑j | -ə̑n |
| mə̑j | -n |
| 1SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| kapkaškem |
| kapka | -šk | -em |
| kapka | -ške | -em |
| gate | -ILL | -1SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| golə̑m |
| gol | -ə̑m |
| gol | -m |
| goal | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| purtə̑šə̑č́? – |
| purtə̑ | -š | -ə̑č́ |
| purto | -š | -ə̑č́ |
| bring.in | -PST1 | -2SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| jodo |
| jod | -o |
| jod | -Je |
| ask | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| Genriχ. |
| Genriχ |
| Genriχ |
| Genrikh |
| na |
|
gollandec 1
Gollandec-βlak
| Gollandec-βlak |
| Gollandec | -βlak |
| gollandec | -βlak |
| Dutch | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
golosoβanij 1
Tajnə̑j golosoβanij
| Tajnə̑j |
| Tajnə̑j |
| tajnə̑j |
| secret |
| ad |
|
| golosoβanij |
| golosoβanij |
| golosoβanij |
| vote |
| no |
|
golosoβanij 2 (O. Šabdar)
Vujlatə̑še, golosoβanijə̑š šə̑nde! – kə̑č́kə̑rale sade rβeze marij.
| Vujlatə̑še, |
| Vujlatə̑še |
| βujlatə̑še |
| leading |
| ad/no |
| Vujlatə̑še, |
| Vujlatə̑ | -še |
| βujlate | -še |
| lead | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| golosoβanijə̑š |
| golosoβanij | -ə̑š |
| golosoβanij | -š |
| vote | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| šə̑nde! – |
| šə̑nde | -Ø |
| šə̑nde | -Ø |
| put | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šə̑nde! – |
| šə̑nde | -Ø |
| šə̑nde | -Ø |
| put | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| kə̑č́kə̑rale |
| kə̑č́kə̑ral | -'e |
| kə̑č́kə̑ral | -Je |
| shout | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
|
| rβeze |
| rβeze |
| rβeze |
| young.man |
| ad/no |
|
| marij. |
| marij |
| marij |
| Mari |
| no |
|
golosoβatlaš 1
Kandidat βerč́ golosoβatlaš
| Kandidat |
| Kandidat |
| kandidat |
| candidate |
| no |
|
|
| golosoβatlaš |
| golosoβatl | -aš |
| golosoβatle | -aš |
| vote | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
golosoβatlaš 2 («Mar. kom.»)
Prezidentə̑n rešenijže βaštareš 289 jeŋ golosoβatlen.
| Prezidentə̑n |
| Prezident | -ə̑n |
| prezident | -n |
| president | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| rešenijže |
| rešenij | -že |
| rešenij | -že |
| solution | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| βaštareš |
| βaštareš |
| βaštareš |
| toward |
| ad/av/po |
| βaštareš |
| βaštar | -eš |
| βaštar | -eš |
| maple | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
|
|
| golosoβatlen. |
| golosoβatl | -en | -Ø |
| golosoβatle | -en | -Ø |
| vote | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| golosoβatlen. |
| golosoβatl | -en |
| golosoβatle | -en |
| vote | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
golosoβatlaš 3
Tač́e aβtobus ukelan köra kornə̑što šuko golosoβatlen šogaš logale.
| Tač́e |
| Tač́e |
| tač́e |
| today |
| ad/av |
|
| aβtobus |
| aβtobus |
| aβtobus |
| bus |
| no |
|
| ukelan |
| ukelan |
| ukelan |
| in.vain |
| av |
| ukelan |
| uke | -lan |
| uke | -lan |
| no | -DAT |
| ad/no/pa | -case |
| ukelan |
| uke | -la | -n |
| uke | -la | -n |
| no | -PL | -GEN |
| ad/no/pa | -num | -case |
|
| köra |
| köra |
| köra |
| because.of |
| po |
|
| kornə̑što |
| kornə̑ | -što |
| korno | -šte |
| road | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| šuko |
| šuko |
| šuko |
| a.lot |
| ad/av/no |
|
| golosoβatlen |
| golosoβatl | -en | -Ø |
| golosoβatle | -en | -Ø |
| vote | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| golosoβatlen |
| golosoβatl | -en |
| golosoβatle | -en |
| vote | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šogaš |
| šoga | -š |
| šoga | -š |
| plough | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| šogaš |
| šoga | -š |
| šoga | -eš |
| plough | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šogaš |
| šog | -aš |
| šogo | -aš |
| stand | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| logale. |
| logal | -'e |
| logal | -Je |
| touch | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gong 1
Gongə̑m peraš
| Gongə̑m |
| Gong | -ə̑m |
| gong | -m |
| gong | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| peraš |
| pera | -š |
| pera | -š |
| pen | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| peraš |
| pera | -š |
| pera | -eš |
| pen | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| peraš |
| per | -aš |
| pere | -aš |
| hit | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gong 2 (A. Juzə̑kajn)
Teβe onč́ə̑č́sə̑lak gong joŋgalte.
| Teβe |
| Teβe |
| teβe |
| here |
| av/co/pa |
|
| onč́ə̑č́sə̑lak |
| onč́ə̑č́sə̑la | -k |
| onč́ə̑č́sə̑la | -ak |
| as.before | -STR |
| av | -enc |
| onč́ə̑č́sə̑lak |
| onč́ə̑č́sə̑ | -la | -k |
| onč́ə̑č́so | -la | -ak |
| former | -COMP | -STR |
| ad | -case | -enc |
| onč́ə̑č́sə̑lak |
| onč́ə̑č́sə̑ | -la | -k |
| onč́ə̑č́so | -la | -ak |
| former | -PL | -STR |
| ad | -num | -enc |
|
|
| joŋgalte. |
| joŋgalt | -e |
| joŋgalt | -Je |
| sound | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| joŋgalte. |
| joŋg | -alt | -e |
| joŋgo | -alt | -Je |
| sound | -REF | -PST1.3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense.pers |
|
gonorar 1
Aβtorskij gonorar
| Aβtorskij |
| Aβtorskij |
| aβtorskij |
| author |
| ad |
|
| gonorar |
| gonorar |
| gonorar |
| fees |
| no |
|
gonorar 2
gonorarə̑m nalaš
| gonorarə̑m |
| gonorar | -ə̑m |
| gonorar | -m |
| fees | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| nalaš |
| nal | -aš |
| nal | -aš |
| take | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gonorar 3 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Romen Rollanə̑n 1929 ijə̑šte č́umə̑ren lukmo soč́inenijže-βlaklan nalme gonoraržə̑m studenč́eskij fondə̑š puə̑mə̑žo uniβersitetə̑n ilə̑šə̑štə̑že kugu sobə̑tijə̑m ə̑šten.
| Romen |
| Romen |
| Romen |
| Romen |
| na |
|
| Rollanə̑n |
| Rollanə̑n |
| Rollanə̑n |
| Rollanyn |
| na |
|
|
| ijə̑šte |
| ij | -ə̑šte |
| ij | -šte |
| year | -INE |
| no | -case |
| ijə̑šte |
| ij | -ə̑šte |
| ij | -šte |
| ice | -INE |
| no | -case |
| ijə̑šte |
| ij | -ə̑šte |
| ij | -šte |
| chisel | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| č́umə̑ren |
| č́umə̑r | -en | -Ø |
| č́umə̑ro | -en | -Ø |
| gather.in.a.pile | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| č́umə̑ren |
| č́umə̑r | -en |
| č́umə̑ro | -en |
| gather.in.a.pile | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| lukmo |
| lukmo |
| lukmo |
| deductible |
| ad |
| lukmo |
| luk | -mo |
| lukt | -me |
| lead.out | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| soč́inenijže-βlaklan |
| soč́inenij | -že | -βlak | -lan |
| soč́inenij | -že | -βlak | -lan |
| composition | -3SG | -PL | -DAT |
| no | -poss | -num | -case |
|
| nalme |
| nalme |
| nalme |
| purchasing |
| ad |
| nalme |
| nal | -me |
| nal | -me |
| take | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| gonoraržə̑m |
| gonorar | -žə̑ | -m |
| gonorar | -že | -m |
| fees | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| studenč́eskij |
| studenč́eskij |
| studenč́eskij |
| student |
| ad |
|
| fondə̑š |
| fond | -ə̑š |
| fond | -š |
| fund | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| puə̑mə̑žo |
| puə̑mə̑ | -žo |
| puə̑mo | -že |
| given | -3SG |
| ad | -poss |
| puə̑mə̑žo |
| puə̑ | -mə̑ | -žo |
| puo | -me | -že |
| give | -PTCP.PASS | -3SG |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss |
| puə̑mə̑žo |
| puə̑ | -mə̑ | -žo |
| puo | -me | -že |
| blow | -PTCP.PASS | -3SG |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss |
|
| uniβersitetə̑n |
| uniβersitet | -ə̑n |
| uniβersitet | -n |
| university | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| ilə̑šə̑štə̑že |
| ilə̑š | -ə̑štə̑ | -že |
| ilə̑š | -šte | -že |
| life | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
| ilə̑šə̑štə̑že |
| ilə̑šə̑ | -štə̑ | -že |
| ilə̑še | -šte | -že |
| living | -INE | -3SG |
| ad/no | -case | -poss |
| ilə̑šə̑štə̑že |
| ilə̑ | -šə̑ | -štə̑ | -že |
| ile | -še | -šte | -že |
| live | -PTCP.ACT | -INE | -3SG |
| vb2 | -ad | -case | -poss |
|
|
| sobə̑tijə̑m |
| sobə̑tij | -ə̑m |
| sobə̑tij | -m |
| event | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑šten. |
| ə̑št | -en | -Ø |
| ə̑šte | -en | -Ø |
| do | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑šten. |
| ə̑št | -en |
| ə̑šte | -en |
| do | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gor-gor 1 (I. Vasil'jeβ)
Ner jükšö gor da gor šokta.
|
|
| jükšö |
| jük | -šö |
| jük | -že |
| voice | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| jükšö |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| cool.down | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| jükšö |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| cool.down | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
|
|
|
| šokta. |
| šokt | -a |
| šokto | -a |
| be.heard | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gorelka 1 (I. Izibajeβ)
Gorelkə̑šte tul kugə̑tə̑m kokla šotanə̑m kuč́em.
| Gorelkə̑šte |
| Gorelkə̑ | -šte |
| gorelke | -šte |
| burner | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| kugə̑tə̑m |
| kugə̑t | -ə̑m |
| kugə̑t | -m |
| size | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kokla |
| kokla |
| kokla |
| distance |
| ad/no |
| kokla |
| kok | -la |
| kok | -la |
| cook | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| kokla |
| kok | -la |
| kok | -la |
| two | -COMP |
| nm | -case |
| kokla |
| kok | -la |
| kok | -la |
| cook | -PL |
| no | -num |
| kokla |
| kok | -la |
| kok | -la |
| two | -PL |
| nm | -num |
| kokla |
| kok | -la |
| kok | -la |
| cook | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| kokla |
| kok | -la |
| kok | -la |
| two | -STR |
| nm | -enc |
|
| šotanə̑m |
| šotan | -ə̑m |
| šotan | -m |
| sensible | -ACC |
| ad | -case |
| šotanə̑m |
| šot | -an | -ə̑m |
| šot | -an | -m |
| use | -with | -ACC |
| no | -deriv.ad | -case |
|
| kuč́em. |
| kuč́em |
| kuč́em |
| handle |
| no |
| kuč́em. |
| kuč́ | -em |
| kuč́o | -em |
| ascarid | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| kuč́em. |
| kuč́ | -em |
| kuč́o | -em |
| hold | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| kuč́em. |
| kuč́ | -em | -Ø |
| kuč́o | -em | -Ø |
| ascarid | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| kuč́em. |
| kuč́ | -em | -Ø |
| kuč́o | -em | -Ø |
| ascarid | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| kuč́em. |
| kuč́ | -em | -Ø |
| kuč́o | -em | -Ø |
| ascarid | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
gorec 1 (M. Jakimoβ)
Onč́al jomartle gorec-βlakə̑m, Kö molo pikš gaj kap-kə̑lan?!
| Onč́al |
| Onč́al | -Ø |
| onč́al | -Ø |
| look | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| Onč́al |
| Onč́al | -Ø |
| onč́al | -Ø |
| look | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| Onč́al |
| Onč́al | -Ø |
| onč́al | -Ø |
| look | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| jomartle |
| jomartle |
| jomartle |
| merry |
| ad |
| jomartle |
| jomartle | -Ø |
| jomartle | -Ø |
| amuse | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| jomartle |
| jomartle | -Ø |
| jomartle | -Ø |
| amuse | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| gorec-βlakə̑m, |
| gorec | -βlak | -ə̑m |
| gorec | -βlak | -m |
| mountain.dweller | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -num | -case |
|
|
| molo |
| molo |
| molo |
| other |
| no/pr |
|
|
| gaj |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
| kap-kə̑lan?! |
| kap- | kə̑lan |
| kap | kə̑lan |
| body | stringed |
| no | ad |
| kap-kə̑lan?! |
| kap- | kə̑l | -an |
| kap | kə̑l | -an |
| body | string | -with |
| no | no | -deriv.ad |
|
gorizont 1
Gorizont šeŋgelne
| Gorizont |
| Gorizont |
| gorizont |
| horizon |
| no |
|
| šeŋgelne |
| šeŋgelne |
| šeŋgelne |
| behind |
| av/po |
|
gorizont 2 (Vasin)
Mündə̑r gorizont kandalgə̑n koješ.
| Mündə̑r |
| Mündə̑r |
| mündə̑r |
| distant |
| ad/av |
|
| gorizont |
| gorizont |
| gorizont |
| horizon |
| no |
|
| kandalgə̑n |
| kandalgə̑n |
| kandalgə̑n |
| bluish |
| av |
| kandalgə̑n |
| kandalgə̑ | -n |
| kandalge | -n |
| bluish | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| koješ. |
| koješ |
| koješ |
| it.seems |
| pa |
| koješ. |
| koj | -eš |
| koj | -eš |
| be.visible | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gorizontal' 1
Gorizontal' dene
| Gorizontal' |
| Gorizontal' |
| gorizontal' |
| horizontal.line |
| no |
|
|
gorizontal'nə̑j 1
Gorizontal'nə̑j linij
| Gorizontal'nə̑j |
| Gorizontal'nə̑j |
| gorizontal'nə̑j |
| horizontal |
| ad |
|
| linij |
| linij |
| linij |
| line |
| no |
|
gorizontal'nə̑j 2
gorizontal'nə̑j položenij
| gorizontal'nə̑j |
| gorizontal'nə̑j |
| gorizontal'nə̑j |
| horizontal |
| ad |
|
| položenij |
| položenij |
| položenij |
| situation |
| no |
|
gorkom 1
KPSS gorkom
|
|
| gorkom |
| gorkom |
| gorkom |
| city.committee |
| no |
|
gorkom 2 (V. Juksern)
– Tidə̑že saj, – maneš gorkom instruktor.
| Tidə̑že |
| Tidə̑ | -že |
| tide | -že |
| this | -3SG |
| pr | -poss |
| Tidə̑že |
| Tidə̑ | -že |
| tide | -že |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.3SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Tidə̑že |
| Tidə̑ | -Ø | -že |
| tide | -Ø | -že |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb2 | -conn | -poss |
|
| saj, – |
| saj |
| saj |
| good |
| ad/av |
|
| maneš |
| maneš |
| maneš |
| it.is.said |
| av |
| maneš |
| man | -eš |
| man | -eš |
| say | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| gorkom |
| gorkom |
| gorkom |
| city.committee |
| no |
|
| instruktor. |
| instruktor |
| instruktor |
| instructor |
| no |
|
gormon 1
Kušmo gormon-βlak
| Kušmo |
| Kušmo |
| kušmo |
| growth |
| ad |
| Kušmo |
| Kuš | -mo |
| kušk | -me |
| grow | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| gormon-βlak |
| gormon | -βlak |
| gormon | -βlak |
| hormone | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
gormon 2
poloβoj gormon-βlak
| poloβoj |
| poloβoj |
| poloβoj |
| sexual |
| ad |
|
| gormon-βlak |
| gormon | -βlak |
| gormon | -βlak |
| hormone | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
gorn I 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Ondak gornə̑što tulə̑m kid dene pošə̑man ə̑le gə̑n, kə̑zə̑t pedal'ə̑m gə̑na jolet dene temdal, βentil'ator tunamak tulə̑m č́ot ə̑lə̑žtara.
| Ondak |
| Ondak |
| ondak |
| at.first |
| av |
| Ondak |
| On | -da | -k |
| on | -da | -ak |
| leader | -2PL | -STR |
| no | -poss | -enc |
|
| gornə̑što |
| gorn | -ə̑što |
| gorn | -šte |
| furnace | -INE |
| no | -case |
| gornə̑što |
| gorn | -ə̑što |
| gorn | -šte |
| bugle | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| tulə̑m |
| tul | -ə̑m |
| tul | -m |
| fire | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
| tulə̑m |
| tulə̑ | -m |
| tulo | -m |
| watermill | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| tulə̑m |
| tulə̑ | -m |
| tulo | -m |
| stormy | -ACC |
| ad | -case |
|
|
|
| pošə̑man |
| pošə̑ | -man |
| pošo | -man |
| spread | -INF.NEC |
| vb2 | -inf |
| pošə̑man |
| pošə̑ | -man |
| pošo | -man |
| pump | -INF.NEC |
| vb2 | -inf |
| pošə̑man |
| pošə̑ | -man |
| pošo | -man |
| push.apart | -INF.NEC |
| vb2 | -inf |
| pošə̑man |
| pošə̑ | -m | -an |
| pošo | -me | -an |
| spread | -PTCP.PASS | -with |
| vb2 | -ad | -deriv.ad |
| pošə̑man |
| pošə̑ | -m | -an |
| pošo | -me | -an |
| pump | -PTCP.PASS | -with |
| vb2 | -ad | -deriv.ad |
| pošə̑man |
| pošə̑ | -m | -an |
| pošo | -me | -an |
| push.apart | -PTCP.PASS | -with |
| vb2 | -ad | -deriv.ad |
|
| ə̑le |
| ə̑l | -'e |
| ul | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
|
| kə̑zə̑t |
| kə̑zə̑t |
| kə̑zə̑t |
| now |
| av |
|
| pedal'ə̑m |
| pedal' | -ə̑m |
| pedal' | -m |
| pedal | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| jolet |
| jol | -et |
| jol | -et |
| foot | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| temdal, |
| temdal | -Ø |
| temdal | -Ø |
| push | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| temdal, |
| temdal | -Ø |
| temdal | -Ø |
| push | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| temdal, |
| temdal | -Ø |
| temdal | -Ø |
| push | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| βentil'ator |
| βentil'ator |
| βentil'ator |
| ventilator |
| no |
|
| tunamak |
| tunamak |
| tunamak |
| immediately |
| av |
| tunamak |
| tunam | -ak |
| tunam | -ak |
| then | -STR |
| av | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -ak |
| tuna | -m | -ak |
| heifer | -ACC | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -ak |
| tuna | -em | -ak |
| heifer | -1SG | -STR |
| no | -poss | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -a | -k |
| tuna | -em | -a | -ak |
| heifer | -TRANS | -3SG | -STR |
| no | -deriv.v | -pers | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| that | -1PL | -ACC | -STR |
| pr | -poss | -case | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| gland | -1PL | -ACC | -STR |
| no | -poss | -case | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| banner | -1PL | -ACC | -STR |
| no | -poss | -case | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -Ø | -ak |
| tuna | -em | -Ø | -ak |
| heifer | -TRANS | -CNG | -STR |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -Ø | -ak |
| tuna | -em | -Ø | -ak |
| heifer | -TRANS | -CVB | -STR |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | - | -ak |
| tuna | -em | -Je | -ak |
| heifer | -TRANS | -PST1.3SG | -STR |
| no | -deriv.v | -tense.pers | -enc |
|
| tulə̑m |
| tul | -ə̑m |
| tul | -m |
| fire | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
| tulə̑m |
| tulə̑ | -m |
| tulo | -m |
| watermill | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| tulə̑m |
| tulə̑ | -m |
| tulo | -m |
| stormy | -ACC |
| ad | -case |
|
|
| ə̑lə̑žtara. |
| ə̑lə̑žtar | -a |
| ə̑lə̑žtare | -a |
| kindle | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gorn II 1
Pionerskij gorn
| Pionerskij |
| Pionerskij |
| pionerskij |
| Young.Pioneer |
| ad |
|
| gorn |
| gorn |
| gorn |
| furnace |
| no |
|
gorn II 2 (V. Sapajeβ)
Joltašem-βlak gorn jük poč́eš linejkə̑š šogalaš kuržə̑nə̑t.
| Joltašem-βlak |
| Joltaš | -em | -βlak |
| joltaš | -em | -βlak |
| friend | -1SG | -PL |
| no | -poss | -num |
|
| gorn |
| gorn |
| gorn |
| furnace |
| no |
|
|
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| recent |
| ad/av/po |
| poč́eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| tail | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| poč́eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| open | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| linejkə̑š |
| linejkə̑ | -š |
| linejke | -š |
| ruled.line | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| šogalaš |
| šogal | -aš |
| šogal | -aš |
| stand.up | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| šogalaš |
| šogal | -aš |
| šogale | -aš |
| plough | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| šogalaš |
| šoga | -la | -š |
| šoga | -la | -š |
| plough | -PL | -ILL |
| no | -num | -case |
| šogalaš |
| šoga | -la | -š |
| šoga | -la | -eš |
| plough | -PL | -LAT |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| kuržə̑nə̑t. |
| kurž | -ə̑n | -ə̑t |
| kurž | -n | -ə̑t |
| run | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
|
gornist 1
Miša peš tale gornist.
|
|
|
| tale |
| tal'e |
| tal'e |
| glade |
| no |
|
| gornist. |
| gornist |
| gornist |
| bugler |
| no |
|
gornica 1 (S. Č́aβajn)
Zemlemer tudə̑n (Pankrat Iβanə̑č́ə̑n) gornicə̑štə̑že ila.
| Zemlemer |
| Zemlemer |
| zemlemer |
| surveyor |
| no |
|
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| his/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑n |
| tudo | -n |
| tudo | -n |
| 3SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| (Pankrat |
| Pankrat |
| Pankrat |
| Pankrat |
| na |
|
| Iβanə̑č́ə̑n) |
| Iβanə̑č́ə̑n |
| Iβanə̑č́ə̑n |
| Ivanychyn |
| na |
|
| gornicə̑štə̑že |
| gornicə̑ | -štə̑ | -že |
| gornice | -šte | -že |
| room | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| ila. |
| i | -la |
| i | -la |
| and | -STR |
| co | -enc |
| ila. |
| i | -la |
| i | -la |
| X | -STR |
| pa | -enc |
| ila. |
| il | -a |
| ile | -a |
| live | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gornič́nə̑j 1
Gostinicə̑šte gornič́nə̑j
| Gostinicə̑šte |
| Gostinicə̑ | -šte |
| gostinice | -šte |
| hotel | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| gornič́nə̑j |
| gornič́nə̑j |
| gornič́nə̑j |
| maid |
| no |
|
gornoβoj 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Ik brigada dene, βese dene mutlanem, gornoβoj, staleβar, prokatč́ik-βlak dene βašlijam, zaβodə̑so stoloβə̑jə̑što nunə̑n dene pə̑rl'ak koč́kam.
|
|
|
|
| βese |
| βese |
| βese |
| different |
| ad/no/pr |
|
|
| mutlanem, |
| mutlan | -em |
| mutlane | -em |
| talk | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| mutlanem, |
| mut | -lan | -em |
| mut | -lan | -em |
| word | -DAT | -1SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| gornoβoj, |
| gornoβoj |
| gornoβoj |
| furnace.worker |
| no |
|
| staleβar, |
| staleβar |
| staleβar |
| steel.founder |
| no |
|
| prokatč́ik-βlak |
| prokatč́ik | -βlak |
| prokatč́ik | -βlak |
| rolling.mill.operative | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
|
| βašlijam, |
| βašlij | -am |
| βašlij | -am |
| meet | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| zaβodə̑so |
| zaβodə̑so |
| zaβodə̑so |
| factory |
| ad |
| zaβodə̑so |
| zaβod | -ə̑so |
| zaβod | -se |
| factory | -ADJ |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| stoloβə̑jə̑što |
| stoloβə̑j | -ə̑što |
| stoloβə̑j | -šte |
| dining.room | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| nunə̑n |
| nunə̑n |
| nunə̑n |
| their |
| pr |
| nunə̑n |
| nuno | -n |
| nuno | -n |
| 3PL | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
|
| pə̑rl'ak |
| pə̑rl'a | -k |
| pə̑rl'a | -ak |
| together | -STR |
| ad/av | -enc |
|
| koč́kam. |
| koč́k | -am |
| koč́k | -am |
| eat | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gornozaβodč́ik 1 (K. Vasin)
No βot XVIII kurə̑mə̑što tə̑ške kupeč́, gornozaβodč́ik-βlakat tolə̑n šuə̑č́.
|
|
|
| XVIII |
| XVIII |
| XVIII |
| XVIII |
| na |
|
| kurə̑mə̑što |
| kurə̑m | -ə̑što |
| kurə̑m | -šte |
| century | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| tə̑ške |
| tə̑ške |
| tə̑ške |
| here |
| av/pr |
| tə̑ške |
| tə̑š | -ke |
| tə̑š | -ške |
| here | -ILL |
| av/pr | -case |
|
| kupeč́, |
| kupeč́ |
| kupeč́ |
| merchant |
| no |
|
| gornozaβodč́ik-βlakat |
| gornozaβodč́ik | -βlak | -at |
| gornozaβodč́ik | -βlak | -at |
| mine.owner | -PL | -and |
| no | -num | -enc |
|
| tolə̑n |
| tol | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tol | -n | -Ø |
| come | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tolə̑n |
| tol | -ə̑n |
| tol | -n |
| come | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| šuə̑č́. |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| reach | -PST1.2SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šuə̑č́. |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| ferment | -PST1.2SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šuə̑č́. |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| whittle | -PST1.2SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šuə̑č́. |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| reach | -PST1.3PL |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šuə̑č́. |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| ferment | -PST1.3PL |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šuə̑č́. |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| šu | -ə̑č́ |
| whittle | -PST1.3PL |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gornoraboč́ij 1 (K. Vasin)
Zaβodlašte orlanə̑še ural'skij gornoraboč́ij-βlak, Jukejə̑m, Mendijaroβə̑m, Ajtə̑m kə̑č́alə̑n, Sə̑lβaš lektə̑t.
| Zaβodlašte |
| Zaβod | -la | -šte |
| zaβod | -la | -šte |
| factory | -PL | -INE |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| orlanə̑še |
| orlanə̑ | -še |
| orlane | -še |
| suffer | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| ural'skij |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| gornoraboč́ij-βlak, |
| gornoraboč́ij | -βlak |
| gornoraboč́ij | -βlak |
| miner | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| Jukejə̑m, |
| Jukejə̑m |
| Jukejə̑m |
| Yukeyym |
| na |
|
| Mendijaroβə̑m, |
| Mendijaroβə̑m |
| Mendijaroβə̑m |
| Mendiyarovym |
| na |
|
| Ajtə̑m |
| Ajtə̑m |
| Ajtə̑m |
| Aytym |
| na |
|
| kə̑č́alə̑n, |
| kə̑č́al | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| kə̑č́al | -n | -Ø |
| search | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kə̑č́alə̑n, |
| kə̑č́al | -ə̑n |
| kə̑č́al | -n |
| search | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| Sə̑lβaš |
| Sə̑lβaš |
| Sə̑lβaš |
| Sylvash |
| na |
|
| lektə̑t. |
| lekt | -ə̑t |
| lekt | -ə̑t |
| go | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gornə̑j 1
Gornə̑j zaβod
| Gornə̑j |
| Gornə̑j |
| gornə̑j |
| mining |
| ad |
|
| zaβod |
| zaβod |
| zaβod |
| factory |
| no |
|
gornə̑j 2
gornə̑j inžener
| gornə̑j |
| gornə̑j |
| gornə̑j |
| mining |
| ad |
|
| inžener |
| inžener |
| inžener |
| engineer |
| no |
|
gornə̑j 3
gornə̑j promə̑šlennost'
| gornə̑j |
| gornə̑j |
| gornə̑j |
| mining |
| ad |
|
| promə̑šlennost' |
| promə̑šlennost' |
| promə̑šlennost' |
| industry |
| no |
|
gornə̑j 4 (K. Vasin)
Gornə̑j zaβod puškə̑m da moń kugə̑žalan ə̑šta.
| Gornə̑j |
| Gornə̑j |
| gornə̑j |
| mining |
| ad |
|
| zaβod |
| zaβod |
| zaβod |
| factory |
| no |
|
| puškə̑m |
| puškə̑ | -m |
| puško | -m |
| cannon | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
|
| moń |
| moń |
| moń |
| and.the.like |
| pa |
|
| kugə̑žalan |
| kugə̑ža | -lan |
| kugə̑ža | -lan |
| czar | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| kugə̑žalan |
| kugə̑ža | -la | -n |
| kugə̑ža | -la | -n |
| czar | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| ə̑šta. |
| ə̑št | -a |
| ə̑šte | -a |
| do | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gorńak 1 (I. Vasil'jeβ)
Pə̑č́kemə̑š rudnik pundašte gorńak-βlak küan mlandə̑m purgedə̑t.
| Pə̑č́kemə̑š |
| Pə̑č́kemə̑š |
| pə̑č́kemə̑š |
| darkness |
| ad/no |
|
| rudnik |
| rudnik |
| rudnik |
| mine |
| no |
|
| pundašte |
| pundaš | -te |
| pundaš | -šte |
| bottom | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| gorńak-βlak |
| gorńak | -βlak |
| gorńak | -βlak |
| miner | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| küan |
| kü | -an |
| kü | -an |
| stone | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| mlandə̑m |
| mlandə̑ | -m |
| mlande | -m |
| land | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| mlandə̑m |
| mlandə̑ | -m |
| mlande | -m |
| Earth | -ACC |
| pn | -case |
|
| purgedə̑t. |
| purged | -ə̑t |
| purged | -ə̑t |
| dig | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gorodki 1 (V. Orloβ)
Erdene da kastene rβeze-βlak jə̑raŋə̑m somə̑lenə̑t, puškə̑demdenə̑t, βüdə̑m šaβenə̑t. Ik žaplan nuno gorodki dene modašat mondenə̑t.
| Erdene |
| Erdene |
| erdene |
| in.the.morning |
| av |
|
|
| kastene |
| kastene |
| kastene |
| in.the.evening |
| ad |
|
| rβeze-βlak |
| rβeze | -βlak |
| rβeze | -βlak |
| young.man | -PL |
| ad/no | -num |
|
| jə̑raŋə̑m |
| jə̑raŋ | -ə̑m |
| jə̑raŋ | -m |
| bed | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| jə̑raŋə̑m |
| jə̑ra | -ŋ | -ə̑m |
| jə̑ra | -aŋ | -ə̑m |
| buttermilk | -TRANS | -PST1.1SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -tense.pers |
| jə̑raŋə̑m |
| jə̑r | -aŋ | -ə̑m |
| jə̑r | -aŋ | -ə̑m |
| around | -TRANS | -PST1.1SG |
| ad/av/no/po | -deriv.v | -tense.pers |
|
| somə̑lenə̑t, |
| somə̑l | -en | -ə̑t |
| somə̑lo | -en | -ə̑t |
| weed | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| puškə̑demdenə̑t, |
| puškə̑demd | -en | -ə̑t |
| puškə̑demde | -en | -ə̑t |
| soften | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| βüdə̑m |
| βüd | -ə̑m |
| βüd | -m |
| water | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šaβenə̑t. |
| šaβ | -en | -ə̑t |
| šaβe | -en | -ə̑t |
| strew | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
|
| žaplan |
| žaplan |
| žaplan |
| for.a.time |
| av |
| žaplan |
| žap | -lan |
| žap | -lan |
| time | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| žaplan |
| žap | -la | -n |
| žap | -la | -n |
| time | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
|
| gorodki |
| gorodki |
| gorodki |
| gorodki |
| no |
|
|
| modašat |
| mod | -aš | -at |
| mod | -aš | -at |
| play | -INF | -and |
| vb1 | -inf | -enc |
|
| mondenə̑t. |
| mond | -en | -ə̑t |
| mondo | -en | -ə̑t |
| forget | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gorodoβoj 1
Peterburgə̑so gorodoβoj-βlak
| Peterburgə̑so |
| Peterburg | -ə̑so |
| Peterburg | -se |
| Saint.Petersburg | -ADJ |
| pn | -deriv.ad |
|
| gorodoβoj-βlak |
| gorodoβoj | -βlak |
| gorodoβoj | -βlak |
| policeman | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
gorodoβoj 2 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Tide žapə̑šte Jul türə̑štö gorodoβoj-βlak kojə̑n koltə̑št.
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| žapə̑šte |
| žapə̑šte |
| žapə̑šte |
| in.time |
| av/po |
| žapə̑šte |
| žap | -ə̑šte |
| žap | -šte |
| time | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| türə̑štö |
| tür | -ə̑štö |
| tür | -šte |
| edge | -INE |
| no | -case |
| türə̑štö |
| tür | -ə̑štö |
| tür | -šte |
| embroidery | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| gorodoβoj-βlak |
| gorodoβoj | -βlak |
| gorodoβoj | -βlak |
| policeman | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| kojə̑n |
| kojə̑n |
| kojə̑n |
| noticeably |
| av |
| kojə̑n |
| koj | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| koj | -n | -Ø |
| be.visible | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kojə̑n |
| koj | -ə̑n |
| koj | -n |
| be.visible | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| koltə̑št. |
| koltə̑ | -št |
| kolto | -št |
| send | -IMP.3PL |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| koltə̑št. |
| koltə̑ | -š | -t |
| kolto | -š | -t |
| send | -PST1 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gorodok 1 (V. Juksern)
Paβel Paβloβič́ Otmaχoβ – škol'nə̑j gorodokə̑što pagalə̑me ajdeme.
| Paβel |
| Paβel |
| Paβel |
| Pavel |
| na |
|
| Paβloβič́ |
| Paβloβič́ |
| Paβloβič́ |
| Pavlovich |
| na |
|
| Otmaχoβ – |
| Otmaχoβ |
| Otmaχoβ |
| Otmakhov |
| na |
|
| škol'nə̑j |
| škol'nə̑j |
| škol'nə̑j |
| school |
| ad |
|
| gorodokə̑što |
| gorodok | -ə̑što |
| gorodok | -šte |
| settlement | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| pagalə̑me |
| pagalə̑me |
| pagalə̑me |
| respected |
| ad |
| pagalə̑me |
| pagalə̑ | -me |
| pagale | -me |
| respect | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| ajdeme. |
| ajdeme |
| ajdeme |
| human |
| no |
|
gorodok 2 (A. Bik)
Kas βeleš Šumat, teŋə̑z βoktek mijen tolaš šonen, βojennə̑j gorodok gə̑č́ lektat, kuanə̑mə̑ž dene törštə̑l-törštə̑l kuržə̑n koltə̑š.
| Kas |
| Kas |
| kas |
| evening |
| av/no |
|
| βeleš |
| βeleš |
| βeleš |
| toward |
| po |
| βeleš |
| βel | -eš |
| βel | -eš |
| side | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| βeleš |
| βel | -eš |
| βel | -eš |
| spill | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| Šumat, |
| Šumat |
| šumat |
| Saturday |
| no |
| Šumat, |
| Šum | -at |
| šum | -at |
| tire | -2SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| Šumat, |
| Šum | -at |
| šumo | -at |
| sharpen | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| Šumat, |
| Šum | -a | -t |
| šumo | -a | -at |
| sharpen | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| Šumat, |
| Šu | -m | -at |
| šu | -m | -at |
| bran | -ACC | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
| Šumat, |
| Šu | -m | -at |
| šu | -m | -at |
| bristle | -ACC | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
| Šumat, |
| Šu | -m | -at |
| šu | -m | -at |
| eye | -ACC | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
| Šumat, |
| Šu | -m | -at |
| šu | -m | -at |
| spring.water | -ACC | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
| Šumat, |
| Šum | -Ø | -at |
| šum | -Ø | -at |
| tire | -CNG | -and |
| vb1 | -conn | -enc |
| Šumat, |
| Šum | -Ø | -at |
| šum | -Ø | -at |
| tire | -CVB | -and |
| vb1 | -adv | -enc |
| Šumat, |
| Šu | -m | -at |
| šu | -me | -at |
| reach | -PTCP.PASS | -and |
| vb1 | -ad | -enc |
| Šumat, |
| Šu | -m | -at |
| šu | -me | -at |
| ferment | -PTCP.PASS | -and |
| vb1 | -ad | -enc |
| Šumat, |
| Šu | -m | -at |
| šu | -me | -at |
| whittle | -PTCP.PASS | -and |
| vb1 | -ad | -enc |
| Šumat, |
| Šum | - | -at |
| šum | -Je | -at |
| tire | -PST1.3SG | -and |
| vb1 | -tense.pers | -enc |
| Šumat, |
| Šum | -Ø | -at |
| šumo | -Ø | -at |
| sharpen | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
| teŋə̑z |
| teŋə̑z |
| teŋə̑z |
| sea |
| no |
|
| βoktek |
| βoktek |
| βoktek |
| closer |
| av/po |
|
| mijen |
| mij | -en | -Ø |
| mije | -en | -Ø |
| come | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| mijen |
| mij | -en |
| mije | -en |
| come | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| tolaš |
| tol | -aš |
| tol | -aš |
| come | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| tolaš |
| tol | -aš |
| tolo | -aš |
| steal | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| šonen, |
| šonen |
| šonen |
| deliberately |
| av |
| šonen, |
| šon | -en | -Ø |
| šono | -en | -Ø |
| think | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šonen, |
| šon | -en |
| šono | -en |
| think | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| βojennə̑j |
| βojennə̑j |
| βojennə̑j |
| war |
| ad/no |
|
| gorodok |
| gorodok |
| gorodok |
| settlement |
| no |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| lektat, |
| lekt | -at |
| lekt | -at |
| go | -2SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| lektat, |
| lekt | -Ø | -at |
| lekt | -Ø | -at |
| go | -CNG | -and |
| vb1 | -conn | -enc |
| lektat, |
| lekt | -Ø | -at |
| lekt | -Ø | -at |
| go | -CVB | -and |
| vb1 | -adv | -enc |
| lektat, |
| lekt | - | -at |
| lekt | -Je | -at |
| go | -PST1.3SG | -and |
| vb1 | -tense.pers | -enc |
|
| kuanə̑mə̑ž |
| kuanə̑ | -mə̑ | -ž |
| kuane | -me | -že |
| rejoice | -PTCP.PASS | -3SG |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss |
|
|
| törštə̑l-törštə̑l |
| törštə̑l-törštə̑l |
| törštə̑l-törštə̑l |
| skipping |
| av |
|
| kuržə̑n |
| kurž | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| kurž | -n | -Ø |
| run | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kuržə̑n |
| kurž | -ə̑n |
| kurž | -n |
| run | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| koltə̑š. |
| koltə̑š |
| koltə̑š |
| conductivity |
| no |
| koltə̑š. |
| koltə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| kolto | -š | -Ø |
| send | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gorpiš́š́ekombinat 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Gorpiš́š́ekombinatə̑n βanil'nə̑j pŕanikše nač́ar kač́estβan, tudə̑m kalə̑k peš šagal naleš.
| Gorpiš́š́ekombinatə̑n |
| Gorpiš́š́ekombinat | -ə̑n |
| gorpiš́š́ekombinat | -n |
| city.food.enterprise | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| βanil'nə̑j |
| βanil'nə̑j |
| βanil'nə̑j |
| vanilla |
| ad |
|
| pŕanikše |
| pŕanik | -še |
| pŕanik | -že |
| spice.cake | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| nač́ar |
| nač́ar |
| nač́ar |
| weak |
| ad/av |
|
| kač́estβan, |
| kač́estβan |
| kač́estβan |
| qualitative |
| no |
| kač́estβan, |
| kač́estβ | -an |
| kač́estβe | -an |
| quality | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| tudə̑m |
| tudə̑m |
| tudə̑m |
| him/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑m |
| tudo | -m |
| tudo | -m |
| 3SG | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| people |
| no |
|
|
| šagal |
| šagal |
| šagal |
| little |
| ad/av/no |
|
| naleš. |
| nal' | -eš |
| nal'e | -eš |
| soft.red.clay | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| naleš. |
| nal | -eš |
| nal | -eš |
| take | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gorsoβet 1 (J. Osmin)
Tudo (Nina) gorsoβetə̑š kum gana poč́ela deputatlan sajlaltə̑n.
|
|
|
| gorsoβetə̑š |
| gorsoβet | -ə̑š |
| gorsoβet | -š |
| city.council | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| kum |
| kum |
| kum |
| godfather.of.one's.child |
| no |
|
| gana |
| gana |
| gana |
| times |
| no/po |
|
| poč́ela |
| poč́ela |
| poč́ela |
| one.after.another |
| ad/av/po |
| poč́ela |
| poč́e | -la |
| poč́e | -la |
| one.after.another | -STR |
| av/po | -enc |
|
| deputatlan |
| deputat | -lan |
| deputat | -lan |
| deputy | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| deputatlan |
| deputat | -la | -n |
| deputat | -la | -n |
| deputy | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| sajlaltə̑n. |
| sajlalt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| sajlalt | -n | -Ø |
| be.chosen | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| sajlaltə̑n. |
| sajlalt | -ə̑n |
| sajlalt | -n |
| be.chosen | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| sajlaltə̑n. |
| sajl | -alt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| sajle | -alt | -n | -Ø |
| elect | -REF | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| sajlaltə̑n. |
| sajl | -alt | -ə̑n |
| sajle | -alt | -n |
| elect | -REF | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
gortenzij 1
Gortenzijə̑m šə̑ndaš
| Gortenzijə̑m |
| Gortenzij | -ə̑m |
| gortenzij | -m |
| hortensia | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šə̑ndaš |
| šə̑nd | -aš |
| šə̑nde | -aš |
| put | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gortenzij 2
oš gortenzij
|
|
| gortenzij |
| gortenzij |
| gortenzij |
| hortensia |
| no |
|
gorč́ica I 1
Gorč́ica kič́ke
| Gorč́ica |
| Gorč́ica |
| Gorč́ica |
| Gorchica |
| na |
|
| kič́ke |
| kič́ke |
| kič́ke |
| seed |
| no |
|
gorč́ica I 2
gorč́ica üj
gorč́ica II 1 (Ju. Gal'utin)
Gorč́icə̑m kində̑šket pua šüren.
| Gorč́icə̑m |
| Gorč́icə̑ | -m |
| gorč́ice | -m |
| mustard | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kində̑šket |
| kində̑ | -šk | -et |
| kinde | -ške | -et |
| bread | -ILL | -2SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| pua |
| pu | -a |
| puo | -a |
| give | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| pua |
| pu | -a |
| puo | -a |
| blow | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| šüren. |
| šüre | -n |
| šüre | -n |
| harrow | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| šüren. |
| šüre | -n |
| šüre | -n |
| drone | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| šüren. |
| šüre | -n |
| šüre | -n |
| sieve | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| šüren. |
| šür | -en | -Ø |
| šürö | -en | -Ø |
| spread | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šüren. |
| šür | -en | -Ø |
| šürö | -en | -Ø |
| strain | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šüren. |
| šür | -en | -Ø |
| šürö | -en | -Ø |
| fish | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šüren. |
| šür | -en | -Ø |
| šürö | -en | -Ø |
| harrow | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šüren. |
| šür | -en |
| šürö | -en |
| spread | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| šüren. |
| šür | -en |
| šürö | -en |
| strain | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| šüren. |
| šür | -en |
| šürö | -en |
| fish | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| šüren. |
| šür | -en |
| šürö | -en |
| harrow | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gorč́ica II 2
Gorč́ica ate
| Gorč́ica |
| Gorč́ica |
| Gorč́ica |
| Gorchica |
| na |
|
|
gorč́ič́nik 1
Gorč́ič́nikə̑m šə̑ndaš
| Gorč́ič́nikə̑m |
| Gorč́ič́nik | -ə̑m |
| gorč́ič́nik | -m |
| mustard.poultice | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šə̑ndaš |
| šə̑nd | -aš |
| šə̑nde | -aš |
| put | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
goŕuč́ij 1 (A. Volkoβ)
Kuze tə̑ge pulan? A goŕuč́ijže? Traktorist-βlaklan goŕuč́ij külešə̑s.
| Kuze |
| Kuze |
| kuze |
| how |
| av/co/no/pa |
|
| tə̑ge |
| tə̑ge |
| tə̑ge |
| so |
| av/pa/pr |
|
| pulan? |
| pula | -n |
| pula | -an |
| rutabaga | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| pulan? |
| pula | -n |
| pula | -n |
| rutabaga | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| pulan? |
| pu | -lan |
| pu | -lan |
| wood | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| pulan? |
| pu | -la | -n |
| pu | -la | -n |
| wood | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
|
| goŕuč́ijže? |
| goŕuč́ij | -že |
| goŕuč́ij | -že |
| fuel | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| Traktorist-βlaklan |
| Traktorist | -βlak | -lan |
| traktorist | -βlak | -lan |
| tractor.driver | -PL | -DAT |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| goŕuč́ij |
| goŕuč́ij |
| goŕuč́ij |
| fuel |
| no |
|
| külešə̑s. |
| küleš | -ə̑s |
| küleš | -s |
| need | -STR |
| ad/no | -enc |
| külešə̑s. |
| kül | -eš | -ə̑s |
| kül | -eš | -s |
| be.necessary | -3SG | -STR |
| vb1 | -pers | -enc |
|
goŕuč́ij 2 (P. Korniloβ)
Tank tunamak ə̑lə̑že: snaŕad lač́ak goŕuč́ij bakə̑š logale.
|
|
| tunamak |
| tunamak |
| tunamak |
| immediately |
| av |
| tunamak |
| tunam | -ak |
| tunam | -ak |
| then | -STR |
| av | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -ak |
| tuna | -m | -ak |
| heifer | -ACC | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -ak |
| tuna | -em | -ak |
| heifer | -1SG | -STR |
| no | -poss | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -a | -k |
| tuna | -em | -a | -ak |
| heifer | -TRANS | -3SG | -STR |
| no | -deriv.v | -pers | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| that | -1PL | -ACC | -STR |
| pr | -poss | -case | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| gland | -1PL | -ACC | -STR |
| no | -poss | -case | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| banner | -1PL | -ACC | -STR |
| no | -poss | -case | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -Ø | -ak |
| tuna | -em | -Ø | -ak |
| heifer | -TRANS | -CNG | -STR |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -Ø | -ak |
| tuna | -em | -Ø | -ak |
| heifer | -TRANS | -CVB | -STR |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | - | -ak |
| tuna | -em | -Je | -ak |
| heifer | -TRANS | -PST1.3SG | -STR |
| no | -deriv.v | -tense.pers | -enc |
|
| ə̑lə̑že: |
| ə̑l | -'e | -že |
| ul | -Je | -že |
| be | -PST1.3SG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers | -poss |
| ə̑lə̑že: |
| ə̑lə̑ž | -e |
| ə̑lə̑ž | -Je |
| flare.up | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| snaŕad |
| snaŕad |
| snaŕad |
| projectile |
| no |
|
| lač́ak |
| lač́ak |
| lač́ak |
| X |
| av |
| lač́ak |
| lač́ | -ak |
| lač́ | -ak |
| just | -STR |
| av/no/pa | -enc |
| lač́ak |
| lač́ | -ak |
| lač́ | -ak |
| swim.bladder | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| lač́ak |
| lač́ | -ak |
| lač́e | -ak |
| basket | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| lač́ak |
| lač́ | -ak |
| lač́e | -ak |
| roller | -STR |
| no | -enc |
|
| goŕuč́ij |
| goŕuč́ij |
| goŕuč́ij |
| fuel |
| no |
|
| bakə̑š |
| bak | -ə̑š |
| bak | -š |
| tank | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| logale. |
| logal | -'e |
| logal | -Je |
| touch | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
goŕuč́ijan 1
Goŕuč́ijan peč́ke
| Goŕuč́ijan |
| Goŕuč́ijan |
| goŕuč́ijan |
| with.fuel |
| ad |
| Goŕuč́ijan |
| Goŕuč́ij | -an |
| goŕuč́ij | -an |
| fuel | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| peč́ke |
| peč́ke |
| peč́ke |
| barrel |
| no |
| peč́ke |
| peč́ke |
| peč́ke |
| whetstone |
| no |
| peč́ke |
| peč́ke | -Ø |
| peč́ke | -Ø |
| cut.down | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| peč́ke |
| peč́ke | -Ø |
| peč́ke | -Ø |
| cut.down | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
goŕuč́ijan 2 (V. Iβanoβ)
Tušto goŕuč́ijan sostaβ šoga.
| Tušto |
| Tušto |
| tušto |
| there |
| av/pa/pr |
| Tušto |
| Tušto |
| tušto |
| riddle |
| no |
| Tušto |
| Tu | -što |
| tu | -šte |
| that | -INE |
| pr | -case |
| Tušto |
| Tu | -što |
| tu | -šte |
| gland | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Tušto |
| Tu | -što |
| tu | -šte |
| banner | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Tušto |
| Tuš | -to |
| tuš | -šte |
| seed | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Tušto |
| Tuš | -to |
| tuš | -šte |
| flourish | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Tušto |
| Tuš | -to |
| tuš | -šte |
| there | -INE |
| av/pr | -case |
| Tušto |
| Tušto | -Ø |
| tušto | -Ø |
| ask | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Tušto |
| Tušto | -Ø |
| tušto | -Ø |
| ask | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| goŕuč́ijan |
| goŕuč́ijan |
| goŕuč́ijan |
| with.fuel |
| ad |
| goŕuč́ijan |
| goŕuč́ij | -an |
| goŕuč́ij | -an |
| fuel | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| sostaβ |
| sostaβ |
| sostaβ |
| personnel.and.resources |
| no |
|
| šoga. |
| šoga |
| šoga |
| plough |
| no |
| šoga. |
| šog | -a |
| šogo | -a |
| stand | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gosbank 1 (P. Esenej)
Mə̑j, manam, olašte, gosbankə̑šše ale zaβodə̑što βele tə̑gaj poŕadok.
|
|
| manam, |
| man | -am |
| man | -am |
| say | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| olašte, |
| ola | -šte |
| ola | -šte |
| city | -INE |
| no | -case |
| olašte, |
| ola | -šte |
| ola | -šte |
| motley | -INE |
| ad | -case |
|
| gosbankə̑šše |
| gosbank | -ə̑š | -še |
| gosbank | -š | -že |
| state.bank | -ILL | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| ale |
| al'e |
| al'e |
| or |
| av/co/pa |
| ale |
| ale | -Ø |
| ale | -Ø |
| soften.bast | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ale |
| ale | -Ø |
| ale | -Ø |
| soften.bast | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| zaβodə̑što |
| zaβod | -ə̑što |
| zaβod | -šte |
| factory | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| βele |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| βele |
| βel | -'e |
| βel | -Je |
| spill | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| βele |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| tə̑gaj |
| tə̑gaj |
| tə̑gaj |
| such |
| ad/av/no/pr |
|
|
gosbankə̑se 1 (A. Maksimoβ)
No pə̑tartə̑š žapə̑šte tudat gosbankə̑se pašajeŋ koklašte udalan ok šotlalt.
|
|
| pə̑tartə̑š |
| pə̑tartə̑š |
| pə̑tartə̑š |
| last |
| ad/no |
|
| žapə̑šte |
| žapə̑šte |
| žapə̑šte |
| in.time |
| av/po |
| žapə̑šte |
| žap | -ə̑šte |
| žap | -šte |
| time | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| tudat |
| tudo | -at |
| tudo | -at |
| 3SG | -and |
| pr | -enc |
| tudat |
| tu | -da | -t |
| tu | -da | -at |
| that | -2PL | -and |
| pr | -poss | -enc |
| tudat |
| tu | -da | -t |
| tu | -da | -at |
| gland | -2PL | -and |
| no | -poss | -enc |
| tudat |
| tu | -da | -t |
| tu | -da | -at |
| banner | -2PL | -and |
| no | -poss | -enc |
|
| gosbankə̑se |
| gosbank | -ə̑se |
| gosbank | -se |
| state.bank | -ADJ |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| pašajeŋ |
| pašajeŋ |
| pašajeŋ |
| worker |
| no |
|
| koklašte |
| koklašte |
| koklašte |
| in |
| av/po |
| koklašte |
| kokla | -šte |
| kokla | -šte |
| distance | -INE |
| ad/no | -case |
| koklašte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| cook | -PL | -INE |
| no | -num | -case |
| koklašte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| two | -PL | -INE |
| nm | -num | -case |
|
| udalan |
| uda | -lan |
| uda | -lan |
| bad | -DAT |
| ad | -case |
| udalan |
| uda | -la | -n |
| uda | -la | -n |
| bad | -PL | -GEN |
| ad | -num | -case |
| udalan |
| u | -da | -lan |
| u | -da | -lan |
| new | -2PL | -DAT |
| ad/no | -poss | -case |
| udalan |
| u | -da | -la | -n |
| u | -da | -la | -n |
| new | -2PL | -PL | -GEN |
| ad/no | -poss | -num | -case |
|
| ok |
| ok | -Ø |
| ok | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| šotlalt. |
| šotlalt | -Ø |
| šotlalt | -Ø |
| number | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| šotlalt. |
| šotlalt | -Ø |
| šotlalt | -Ø |
| number | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| šotlalt. |
| šotlalt | -Ø |
| šotlalt | -Ø |
| number | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| šotlalt. |
| šotl | -alt | -Ø |
| šotlo | -alt | -Ø |
| count | -REF | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| šotlalt. |
| šotl | -alt | -Ø |
| šotlo | -alt | -Ø |
| count | -REF | -CNG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -conn |
| šotlalt. |
| šotl | -alt | -Ø |
| šotlo | -alt | -Ø |
| count | -REF | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
goskontrol' 1 (K. Koršunoβ)
Jüə̑n-koč́kə̑n kajat da βik goskontrol'ə̑š uβertarat.
| Jüə̑n-koč́kə̑n |
| Jü | -ə̑n | -Ø- | koč́k | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| jü | -n | -Ø | koč́k | -n | -Ø |
| drink | -PST2 | -3SG | eat | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers | vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| Jüə̑n-koč́kə̑n |
| Jü | -ə̑n | -Ø- | koč́k | -ə̑n |
| jü | -n | -Ø | koč́k | -n |
| drink | -PST2 | -3SG | eat | -CVB |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers | vb1 | -adv |
| Jüə̑n-koč́kə̑n |
| Jü | -ə̑n- | koč́k | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| jü | -n | koč́k | -n | -Ø |
| drink | -CVB | eat | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| Jüə̑n-koč́kə̑n |
| Jü | -ə̑n- | koč́k | -ə̑n |
| jü | -n | koč́k | -n |
| drink | -CVB | eat | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv | vb1 | -adv |
|
| kajat |
| kaj | -at |
| kaj | -at |
| X | -and |
| in | -enc |
| kajat |
| kaj | -at |
| kaj | -at |
| aftergrass | -and |
| no | -enc |
| kajat |
| kaj | -at |
| kaje | -at |
| go | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| kajat |
| kaj | -a | -t |
| kaje | -a | -at |
| go | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
|
|
| βik |
| βik |
| βik |
| immediately |
| ad/av |
|
| goskontrol'ə̑š |
| goskontrol' | -ə̑š |
| goskontrol' | -š |
| state.control | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| uβertarat. |
| uβertar | -at |
| uβertare | -at |
| announce | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| uβertarat. |
| uβertar | -a | -t |
| uβertare | -a | -at |
| announce | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| uβertarat. |
| uβertar | -Ø | -at |
| uβertare | -Ø | -at |
| announce | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
gospital' 1
Poleβoj gospital'
| Poleβoj |
| Poleβoj |
| poleβoj |
| field |
| ad |
|
| gospital' |
| gospital' |
| gospital' |
| hospital |
| no |
|
gospital' 2 (M. Kazakoβ)
Kožlasola gospital' – peš sə̑lne βerə̑šte.
| Kožlasola |
| Kožlasola |
| Kožlasola |
| Kozhlasola |
| na |
|
| gospital' – |
| gospital' |
| gospital' |
| hospital |
| no |
|
|
| sə̑lne |
| sə̑lne |
| sə̑lne |
| beautiful |
| ad |
|
| βerə̑šte. |
| βerə̑šte |
| βerə̑šte |
| inessive |
| no |
| βerə̑šte. |
| βer | -ə̑šte |
| βer | -šte |
| place | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
gospital' 3 (V. Iβanoβ)
Pel ij nare gospital'ə̑šte kijə̑š.
| Pel |
| Pel | -Ø |
| pel | -Ø |
| burn | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| Pel |
| Pel | -Ø |
| pel | -Ø |
| burn | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| Pel |
| Pel | -Ø |
| pel | -Ø |
| burn | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
|
| gospital'ə̑šte |
| gospital' | -ə̑šte |
| gospital' | -šte |
| hospital | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| kijə̑š. |
| kij | -ə̑š |
| kij | -š |
| cue | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| kijə̑š. |
| kijə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| kije | -š | -Ø |
| lie | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gospital' 4 (V. Dmitrijeβ)
Kud tə̑lze, saltak šülə̑š gospital' pušə̑m.
|
|
| tə̑lze, |
| tə̑lze |
| tə̑lze |
| moon |
| no |
|
| saltak |
| saltak |
| saltak |
| soldier |
| no |
|
| šülə̑š |
| šülə̑š |
| šülə̑š |
| breathing |
| no |
| šülə̑š |
| šülə̑ | -š |
| šülö | -š |
| fathom | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| šülə̑š |
| šülə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| šülö | -š | -Ø |
| breathe | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| gospital' |
| gospital' |
| gospital' |
| hospital |
| no |
|
| pušə̑m. |
| puš | -ə̑m |
| puš | -m |
| boat | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| pušə̑m. |
| puš | -ə̑m |
| puš | -m |
| smell | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
gospital'ə̑se 1 (P. Korniloβ)
Tunam mə̑j tə̑landa gospital'ə̑se üdə̑r nergen kalaskalə̑šə̑m.
| Tunam |
| Tunam |
| tunam |
| then |
| av |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m |
| tuna | -m |
| heifer | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m |
| tuna | -em |
| heifer | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| Tunam |
| Tu | -na | -m |
| tu | -na | -m |
| that | -1PL | -ACC |
| pr | -poss | -case |
| Tunam |
| Tu | -na | -m |
| tu | -na | -m |
| gland | -1PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| Tunam |
| Tu | -na | -m |
| tu | -na | -m |
| banner | -1PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m | -Ø |
| tuna | -em | -Ø |
| heifer | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m | -Ø |
| tuna | -em | -Ø |
| heifer | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m | -Ø |
| tuna | -em | -Ø |
| heifer | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
|
| tə̑landa |
| tə̑ | -lan | -da |
| te | -lan | -da |
| 2PL | -DAT | -2PL |
| pr | -case | -poss |
| tə̑landa |
| tə̑lan | -da |
| tə̑lan | -da |
| wish | -2PL |
| no | -poss |
| tə̑landa |
| tə̑l | -an | -da |
| tə̑l | -an | -da |
| rear | -with | -2PL |
| no | -deriv.ad | -poss |
|
| gospital'ə̑se |
| gospital' | -ə̑se |
| gospital' | -se |
| hospital | -ADJ |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| üdə̑r |
| üdə̑r |
| üdə̑r |
| daughter |
| no |
| üdə̑r |
| üdə̑r |
| üdə̑r |
| Virgo |
| no |
|
| nergen |
| nergen |
| nergen |
| about |
| po |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| cold | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| badger | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| order | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| kalaskalə̑šə̑m. |
| kalaskalə̑š | -ə̑m |
| kalaskalə̑š | -m |
| tale | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| kalaskalə̑šə̑m. |
| kalaskalə̑šə̑ | -m |
| kalaskalə̑še | -m |
| narrator | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| kalaskalə̑šə̑m. |
| kalaskalə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| kalaskale | -š | -ə̑m |
| talk | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kalaskalə̑šə̑m. |
| kalaskalə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| kalaskale | -še | -m |
| talk | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
gosplan 1
Gosplanə̑n predsedatel'že
| Gosplanə̑n |
| Gosplan | -ə̑n |
| gosplan | -n |
| state.planning.committe | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| predsedatel'že |
| predsedatel' | -že |
| predsedatel' | -že |
| president | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
gospodin 1
Gospodin ministr
| Gospodin |
| Gospodin |
| gospodin |
| Mr. |
| no |
|
| ministr |
| ministr |
| ministr |
| minister |
| no |
|
gospodin 2 (I. Vasil'jeβ)
Mə̑j, gospodin uŕadnik, peš kajem ə̑le, da ok lij, – pel jük dene mane Arńaβij.
|
|
| gospodin |
| gospodin |
| gospodin |
| Mr. |
| no |
|
| uŕadnik, |
| uŕadnik |
| uŕadnik |
| village.constable |
| no |
|
|
| kajem |
| kaj | -em |
| kaj | -em |
| aftergrass | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| kajem |
| kaj | -em |
| kaje | -em |
| go | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| kajem |
| kaj | -em | -Ø |
| kaj | -em | -Ø |
| aftergrass | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| kajem |
| kaj | -em | -Ø |
| kaj | -em | -Ø |
| aftergrass | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| kajem |
| kaj | -em | -Ø |
| kaj | -em | -Ø |
| aftergrass | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| ə̑le, |
| ə̑l | -'e |
| ul | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
|
| ok |
| ok | -Ø |
| ok | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| lij, – |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lij, – |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| lij, – |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| pel |
| pel | -Ø |
| pel | -Ø |
| burn | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| pel |
| pel | -Ø |
| pel | -Ø |
| burn | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| pel |
| pel | -Ø |
| pel | -Ø |
| burn | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
|
|
| mane |
| man | -'e |
| man | -Je |
| say | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| Arńaβij. |
| Arńaβij |
| Arńaβij |
| Arńaviy |
| na |
|
gospodin 3 (I. Vasil'jeβ)
– Oksam, gospodin, mə̑j erla, erla kondem.
| Oksam, |
| Oksa | -m |
| oksa | -m |
| money | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| Oksam, |
| Oksa | -m |
| oksa | -em |
| money | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| Oksam, |
| Oksa | -m | -Ø |
| oksa | -em | -Ø |
| money | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Oksam, |
| Oksa | -m | -Ø |
| oksa | -em | -Ø |
| money | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Oksam, |
| Oksa | -m | -Ø |
| oksa | -em | -Ø |
| money | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| gospodin, |
| gospodin |
| gospodin |
| Mr. |
| no |
|
|
| erla, |
| erla |
| erla |
| tomorrow |
| ad/av/no |
| erla, |
| er | -la |
| er | -la |
| morning | -COMP |
| ad/av/no | -case |
| erla, |
| er | -la |
| er | -la |
| morning | -PL |
| ad/av/no | -num |
| erla, |
| er | -la |
| er | -la |
| morning | -STR |
| ad/av/no | -enc |
|
| erla |
| erla |
| erla |
| tomorrow |
| ad/av/no |
| erla |
| er | -la |
| er | -la |
| morning | -COMP |
| ad/av/no | -case |
| erla |
| er | -la |
| er | -la |
| morning | -PL |
| ad/av/no | -num |
| erla |
| er | -la |
| er | -la |
| morning | -STR |
| ad/av/no | -enc |
|
| kondem. |
| kond | -em |
| kondo | -em |
| bring | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gospodin 4 (Ja. Jalkajn)
– Poro gospodinlan č́ə̑la ulo, kazə̑r kə̑č́kə̑rem.
|
|
| gospodinlan |
| gospodin | -lan |
| gospodin | -lan |
| Mr. | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| gospodinlan |
| gospodin | -la | -n |
| gospodin | -la | -n |
| Mr. | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| everything |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
|
| kazə̑r |
| kazə̑r |
| kazə̑r |
| now |
| av |
|
| kə̑č́kə̑rem. |
| kə̑č́kə̑r | -em |
| kə̑č́kə̑re | -em |
| shout | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gospoža 1 (I. Vasil'jeβ)
– Gospoža, – mane pod'jač́ij, – mə̑j ə̑nde mom ə̑štaš tüŋalam?
| Gospoža, – |
| Gospoža |
| gospoža |
| Mrs. |
| no |
|
| mane |
| man | -'e |
| man | -Je |
| say | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| pod'jač́ij, – |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
|
| ə̑nde |
| ə̑nde |
| ə̑nde |
| now |
| av/pa |
|
| mom |
| mo | -m |
| mo | -m |
| what | -ACC |
| ad/av/pa/pr | -case |
|
| ə̑štaš |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| tüŋalam? |
| tüŋal | -am |
| tüŋal | -am |
| start | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gosprijomka 1
Gosprijomkə̑m ilə̑šə̑š purtaš
| Gosprijomkə̑m |
| Gosprijomkə̑ | -m |
| gosprijomko | -m |
| state.acceptance | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ilə̑šə̑š |
| ilə̑š | -ə̑š |
| ilə̑š | -š |
| life | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| ilə̑šə̑š |
| ilə̑šə̑ | -š |
| ilə̑še | -š |
| living | -ILL |
| ad/no | -case |
| ilə̑šə̑š |
| ilə̑ | -šə̑ | -š |
| ile | -še | -š |
| live | -PTCP.ACT | -ILL |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
| purtaš |
| purtaš |
| purtaš |
| swelling |
| no |
| purtaš |
| purt | -aš |
| purto | -aš |
| bring.in | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gostinica 1
Gostiniceš šogalaš
| Gostiniceš |
| Gostinic | -eš |
| gostinice | -eš |
| hotel | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| šogalaš |
| šogal | -aš |
| šogal | -aš |
| stand.up | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| šogalaš |
| šogal | -aš |
| šogale | -aš |
| plough | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| šogalaš |
| šoga | -la | -š |
| šoga | -la | -š |
| plough | -PL | -ILL |
| no | -num | -case |
| šogalaš |
| šoga | -la | -š |
| šoga | -la | -eš |
| plough | -PL | -LAT |
| no | -num | -case |
|
gostinica 2 («Jə̑βan Kə̑rl'a»)
Tudo (Jə̑βan Kə̑rl'a) Moskβase «Odessa» lüman izi gostinicə̑šte ilen.
|
|
| (Jə̑βan |
| Jə̑βan |
| Jə̑βan |
| Yyvan |
| na |
|
| Kə̑rl'a) |
| Kə̑rl'a |
| Kə̑rl'a |
| Kyrl'a |
| na |
|
| Moskβase |
| Moskβa | -se |
| Moskβa | -se |
| Moscow | -ADJ |
| pn | -deriv.ad |
|
| «Odessa» |
| Odessa |
| Odessa |
| Odessa |
| na |
|
| lüman |
| lüman |
| lüman |
| named |
| ad |
| lüman |
| lüman |
| lüman |
| scabby |
| ad |
| lüman |
| lüman |
| lüman |
| with.glue |
| ad |
| lüman |
| lüm | -an |
| lüm | -an |
| name | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| lüman |
| lüm | -an |
| lümö | -an |
| sore | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| lüman |
| lüm | -an |
| lümö | -an |
| glue | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
| gostinicə̑šte |
| gostinicə̑ | -šte |
| gostinice | -šte |
| hotel | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| ilen. |
| il'e | -n |
| il'e | -n |
| damp | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| ilen. |
| il | -en | -Ø |
| ile | -en | -Ø |
| live | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ilen. |
| il | -en |
| ile | -en |
| live | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gostinə̑j 1 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Pörtə̑štö č́ə̑laže nə̑l pölem ulo: purə̑mašte – kuχńa, βaštarešə̑že – stoloβə̑j, onč́ə̑lno – gostinə̑j, a tudə̑n βoktenə̑že – malə̑me βer.
| Pörtə̑štö |
| Pört | -ə̑štö |
| pört | -šte |
| house | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Pörtə̑štö |
| Pörtə̑š | -tö |
| pörtə̑š | -šte |
| coenurosis | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| č́ə̑laže |
| č́ə̑laže |
| č́ə̑laže |
| everything |
| pr |
| č́ə̑laže |
| č́ə̑la | -že |
| č́ə̑la | -že |
| everything | -3SG |
| ad/pa/pr | -poss |
|
|
| pölem |
| pölem |
| pölem |
| room |
| no |
| pölem |
| pöle | -m |
| pöle | -m |
| gender | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
| pölem |
| pöle | -m |
| pöle | -em |
| gender | -1SG |
| ad/no | -poss |
| pölem |
| pöl | -em |
| pölö | -em |
| divide | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| pölem |
| pöle | -m | -Ø |
| pöle | -em | -Ø |
| gender | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| pölem |
| pöle | -m | -Ø |
| pöle | -em | -Ø |
| gender | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad/no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| pölem |
| pöle | -m | -Ø |
| pöle | -em | -Ø |
| gender | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad/no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
|
| purə̑mašte – |
| purə̑maš | -te |
| purə̑maš | -šte |
| entering | -INE |
| no | -case |
| purə̑mašte – |
| purə̑ | -maš | -te |
| puro | -maš | -šte |
| go.in | -NMLZ | -INE |
| vb2 | -deriv.n | -case |
|
|
| βaštarešə̑že – |
| βaštareš | -ə̑že |
| βaštareš | -že |
| toward | -3SG |
| ad/av/po | -poss |
| βaštarešə̑že – |
| βaštar | -eš | -ə̑že |
| βaštar | -eš | -že |
| maple | -LAT | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| stoloβə̑j, |
| stoloβə̑j |
| stoloβə̑j |
| dining.room |
| no |
|
| onč́ə̑lno – |
| onč́ə̑lno |
| onč́ə̑lno |
| in.front |
| av/po |
|
| gostinə̑j, |
| gostinə̑j |
| gostinə̑j |
| living.room |
| no |
|
|
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| his/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑n |
| tudo | -n |
| tudo | -n |
| 3SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| βoktenə̑že – |
| βoktenə̑ | -že |
| βoktene | -že |
| beside | -3SG |
| av/po | -poss |
|
| malə̑me |
| malə̑me |
| malə̑me |
| sleeping |
| ad |
| malə̑me |
| malə̑ | -me |
| male | -me |
| sleep | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
|
gosudarstβennost' 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Kugu Okt'abŕ marij kalə̑klan Soβet βlast' negə̑zeš, socializmə̑n principlaže negə̑zeš ške gosudarstβennost'šə̑m ə̑štaš jönə̑m puen.
|
|
| Okt'abŕ |
| Okt'abŕ |
| okt'abŕ |
| October |
| no |
|
| marij |
| marij |
| marij |
| Mari |
| no |
|
| kalə̑klan |
| kalə̑kl | -an |
| kalə̑kle | -an |
| national | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| kalə̑klan |
| kalə̑k | -lan |
| kalə̑k | -lan |
| people | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| kalə̑klan |
| kalə̑k | -la | -n |
| kalə̑k | -la | -n |
| people | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| Soβet |
| Soβet |
| soβet |
| council |
| no |
| Soβet |
| Soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| palm | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| Soβet |
| Soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| slap | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| βlast' |
| βlast' |
| βlast' |
| authority |
| no |
|
| negə̑zeš, |
| negə̑zeš |
| negə̑zeš |
| on.ground.of |
| po |
| negə̑zeš, |
| negə̑z | -eš |
| negə̑z | -eš |
| foundation | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| socializmə̑n |
| socializm | -ə̑n |
| socializm | -n |
| socialism | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| principlaže |
| princip | -la | -že |
| princip | -la | -že |
| principle | -COMP | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
| principlaže |
| princip | -la | -že |
| princip | -la | -že |
| principle | -PL | -3SG |
| no | -num | -poss |
|
| negə̑zeš |
| negə̑zeš |
| negə̑zeš |
| on.ground.of |
| po |
| negə̑zeš |
| negə̑z | -eš |
| negə̑z | -eš |
| foundation | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
|
| gosudarstβennost'šə̑m |
| gosudarstβennost' | -šə̑ | -m |
| gosudarstβennost' | -že | -m |
| statehood | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| ə̑štaš |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| jönə̑m |
| jön | -ə̑m |
| jön | -m |
| method | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| puen. |
| pu} | -en | -Ø |
| puo | -en | -Ø |
| give | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| puen. |
| pu} | -en | -Ø |
| puo | -en | -Ø |
| blow | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| puen. |
| pu} | -en |
| puo | -en |
| give | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| puen. |
| pu} | -en |
| puo | -en |
| blow | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gosudarstβennə̑j 1
Gosudarstβennə̑j gerb
| Gosudarstβennə̑j |
| Gosudarstβennə̑j |
| gosudarstβennə̑j |
| state |
| ad |
|
| gerb |
| gerb |
| gerb |
| coat.of.arms |
| no |
|
gosudarstβennə̑j 2
gosudarstβennə̑j plan
| gosudarstβennə̑j |
| gosudarstβennə̑j |
| gosudarstβennə̑j |
| state |
| ad |
|
|
gosudarstβennə̑j 3 (V. Iβanoβ)
Medicinskij institutə̑što tele rüdə̑n gosudarstβennə̑j ekzamen tüŋale.
| Medicinskij |
| Medicinskij |
| medicinskij |
| medical |
| ad |
|
| institutə̑što |
| institut | -ə̑što |
| institut | -šte |
| institute | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| rüdə̑n |
| rüdə̑ | -n |
| rüdö | -n |
| center | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gosudarstβennə̑j |
| gosudarstβennə̑j |
| gosudarstβennə̑j |
| state |
| ad |
|
| ekzamen |
| ekzamen |
| ekzamen |
| examination |
| no |
|
| tüŋale. |
| tüŋal | -'e |
| tüŋal | -Je |
| start | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gosudarstβo 1
Šuko nacijan gosudarstβo
| Šuko |
| Šuko |
| šuko |
| a.lot |
| ad/av/no |
|
| nacijan |
| nacij | -an |
| nacij | -an |
| nation | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| gosudarstβo |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
gosudarstβo 2
socialistič́eskij gosudarstβo
| socialistič́eskij |
| socialistič́eskij |
| socialistič́eskij |
| socialist |
| ad |
|
| gosudarstβo |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
gosudarstβo 3 (G. Jefruš)
Tə̑gaj ješ-βlak Soβet gosudarstβə̑šte peš šukə̑n ulə̑t.
| Tə̑gaj |
| Tə̑gaj |
| tə̑gaj |
| such |
| ad/av/no/pr |
|
| ješ-βlak |
| ješ | -βlak |
| ješ | -βlak |
| family | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| Soβet |
| Soβet |
| soβet |
| council |
| no |
| Soβet |
| Soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| palm | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| Soβet |
| Soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| slap | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| gosudarstβə̑šte |
| gosudarstβə̑ | -šte |
| gosudarstβe | -šte |
| state | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| šukə̑n |
| šukə̑n |
| šukə̑n |
| a.lot |
| av |
| šukə̑n |
| šukə̑ | -n |
| šuko | -n |
| a.lot | -GEN |
| ad/av/no | -case |
|
| ulə̑t. |
| ul | -ə̑t |
| ul | -ə̑t |
| be | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gosudaŕ 1 (A. Juzə̑kajn)
– Te molan gosudaŕə̑n zakonə̑m pudə̑rtə̑lə̑da? – salamlaltme olmeš toržan kə̑č́kə̑rale pristaβ.
|
|
| molan |
| molan |
| molan |
| for.what |
| av/pr |
| molan |
| mol | -an |
| molo | -an |
| other | -with |
| no/pr | -deriv.ad |
| molan |
| mo | -lan |
| mo | -lan |
| what | -DAT |
| ad/av/pa/pr | -case |
| molan |
| mo | -la | -n |
| mo | -la | -n |
| what | -PL | -GEN |
| ad/av/pa/pr | -num | -case |
|
| gosudaŕə̑n |
| gosudaŕ | -ə̑n |
| gosudaŕ | -n |
| sovereign | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| zakonə̑m |
| zakon | -ə̑m |
| zakon | -m |
| law | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| pudə̑rtə̑lə̑da? – |
| pudə̑rtə̑l | -ə̑da |
| pudə̑rtə̑l | -da |
| break | -2PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| salamlaltme |
| salamlalt | -me |
| salamlalt | -me |
| greet | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
| salamlaltme |
| salaml | -alt | -me |
| salamle | -alt | -me |
| greet | -REF | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -ad |
|
| olmeš |
| olmeš |
| olmeš |
| instead |
| po |
| olmeš |
| olm | -eš |
| olmo | -eš |
| place | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| toržan |
| toržan |
| toržan |
| rudely |
| av |
| toržan |
| torža | -n |
| torža | -an |
| rude | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| toržan |
| torža | -n |
| torža | -n |
| rude | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| kə̑č́kə̑rale |
| kə̑č́kə̑ral | -'e |
| kə̑č́kə̑ral | -Je |
| shout | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| pristaβ. |
| pristaβ |
| pristaβ |
| police.officer |
| no |
|
gosekzamen 1 (G. Č́emekoβ)
Vladimir Andrejeβič́ gosekzamenə̑m sdatlen pə̑tarenat, βigak jalə̑škə̑na tolə̑n.
| Vladimir |
| Vladimir |
| Vladimir |
| Vladimir |
| na |
|
| Andrejeβič́ |
| Andrejeβič́ |
| Andrejeβič́ |
| Andreyevich |
| na |
|
| gosekzamenə̑m |
| gosekzamen | -ə̑m |
| gosekzamen | -m |
| final.examinations | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| sdatlen |
| sdatl | -en | -Ø |
| sdatle | -en | -Ø |
| hand.over | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| sdatlen |
| sdatl | -en |
| sdatle | -en |
| hand.over | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| pə̑tarenat, |
| pə̑tar | -en | -at |
| pə̑tare | -en | -at |
| finish | -PST2 | -2SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| pə̑tarenat, |
| pə̑tar | -ena | -t |
| pə̑tare | -ena | -at |
| finish | -1PL | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| pə̑tarenat, |
| pə̑tar | -en | -Ø | -at |
| pə̑tare | -en | -Ø | -at |
| finish | -PST2 | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| pə̑tarenat, |
| pə̑tar | -en | -at |
| pə̑tare | -en | -at |
| finish | -CVB | -and |
| vb2 | -adv | -enc |
|
| βigak |
| βigak |
| βigak |
| immediately |
| av |
|
| jalə̑škə̑na |
| jal | -ə̑škə̑ | -na |
| jal | -ške | -na |
| village | -ILL | -1PL |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| tolə̑n. |
| tol | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tol | -n | -Ø |
| come | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tolə̑n. |
| tol | -ə̑n |
| tol | -n |
| come | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gotoβal'ńa 1
Gotoβal'nə̑m nalaš
| Gotoβal'nə̑m |
| Gotoβal'nə̑m |
| Gotoβal'nə̑m |
| Gotoval'nym |
| na |
|
| nalaš |
| nal | -aš |
| nal | -aš |
| take | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gotoβal'ńa 2
škol'nə̑j gotoβal'ńa
| škol'nə̑j |
| škol'nə̑j |
| škol'nə̑j |
| school |
| ad |
|
| gotoβal'ńa |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
goč́ 1 (Pale)
Pə̑rə̑s jolžo dene pə̑lə̑š goč́ muškeš – jürlan, šürgə̑žə̑m muškeš – ojarlan.
| Pə̑rə̑s |
| Pə̑rə̑s |
| pə̑rə̑s |
| cat |
| in/no |
|
| jolžo |
| jol | -žo |
| jol | -že |
| foot | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| pə̑lə̑š |
| pə̑lə̑š |
| pə̑lə̑š |
| ear |
| no |
| pə̑lə̑š |
| pə̑l | -ə̑š |
| pə̑l | -š |
| cloud | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| pə̑lə̑š |
| pə̑lə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| pə̑le | -š | -Ø |
| sink | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
|
| muškeš – |
| mušk | -eš |
| muško | -eš |
| foresight | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| muškeš – |
| mušk | -eš |
| mušk | -eš |
| wash | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| jürlan, |
| jür | -lan |
| jür | -lan |
| rain | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| jürlan, |
| jür | -la | -n |
| jür | -la | -n |
| rain | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| šürgə̑žə̑m |
| šürgə̑ | -žə̑ | -m |
| šürgö | -že | -m |
| face | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| šürgə̑žə̑m |
| šürgə̑ | -žə̑ | -m |
| šürgö | -že | -m |
| forest | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| muškeš – |
| mušk | -eš |
| muško | -eš |
| foresight | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| muškeš – |
| mušk | -eš |
| mušk | -eš |
| wash | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| ojarlan. |
| ojarl | -an |
| ojarle | -an |
| fair | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| ojarlan. |
| ojar | -lan |
| ojar | -lan |
| fine.weather | -DAT |
| ad/no | -case |
| ojarlan. |
| ojar | -la | -n |
| ojar | -la | -n |
| fine.weather | -PL | -GEN |
| ad/no | -num | -case |
|
goč́ 2 (N. Lekajn)
Korem goč́ küβar βoktenat ala-mogaj pušeŋge ulo.
| Korem |
| Korem |
| korem |
| ravine |
| no |
| Korem |
| Koŕ | -em |
| koŕ | -em |
| measles | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| Korem |
| Kor | -em |
| koro | -em |
| draw | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| Korem |
| Koŕ | -em | -Ø |
| koŕ | -em | -Ø |
| measles | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Korem |
| Koŕ | -em | -Ø |
| koŕ | -em | -Ø |
| measles | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Korem |
| Koŕ | -em | -Ø |
| koŕ | -em | -Ø |
| measles | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
|
| küβar |
| küβar |
| küβar |
| floor |
| no |
|
| βoktenat |
| βokten | -at |
| βokten | -at |
| beside | -and |
| av/po | -enc |
| βoktenat |
| βokten | -at |
| βoktene | -at |
| beside | -and |
| av/po | -enc |
| βoktenat |
| βokt | -en | -at |
| βokto | -en | -at |
| strip.bark | -PST2 | -2SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βoktenat |
| βokt | -ena | -t |
| βokto | -ena | -at |
| strip.bark | -1PL | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| βoktenat |
| βokt | -en | -Ø | -at |
| βokto | -en | -Ø | -at |
| strip.bark | -PST2 | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| βoktenat |
| βokt | -en | -at |
| βokto | -en | -at |
| strip.bark | -CVB | -and |
| vb2 | -adv | -enc |
|
| ala-mogaj |
| ala-mogaj |
| ala-mogaj |
| some |
| ad/av/pr |
|
| pušeŋge |
| pušeŋge |
| pušeŋge |
| tree |
| no |
|
|
goč́ 3 (S. Č́aβajn)
Korto βüd βonč́ə̑mek, korno goč́ meraŋ kudale.
| Korto |
| Korto |
| Korto |
| Korto |
| na |
|
|
| βonč́ə̑mek, |
| βonč́ə̑ | -mek |
| βonč́o | -mek |
| cross | -CVB.PRI |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| korno |
| korno |
| korno |
| road |
| no |
|
|
| meraŋ |
| meraŋ |
| meraŋ |
| hare |
| no |
| meraŋ |
| mera | -ŋ | -Ø |
| mera | -aŋ | -Ø |
| measure | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| meraŋ |
| mer | -aŋ | -Ø |
| mer | -aŋ | -Ø |
| community | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| meraŋ |
| mera | -ŋ | -Ø |
| mera | -aŋ | -Ø |
| measure | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| meraŋ |
| mer | -aŋ | -Ø |
| mer | -aŋ | -Ø |
| community | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| meraŋ |
| mera | -ŋ | -Ø |
| mera | -aŋ | -Ø |
| measure | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
| meraŋ |
| mer | -aŋ | -Ø |
| mer | -aŋ | -Ø |
| community | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| kudale. |
| kudal | -'e |
| kudal | -Je |
| run | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
goč́ 4 (M.-Azmekej)
Tumer goč́ kajə̑še jolgorno dene oškə̑lam.
| Tumer |
| Tumer |
| tumer |
| oak.forest |
| no |
|
|
| kajə̑še |
| kajə̑še |
| kajə̑še |
| scrolling |
| ad |
| kajə̑še |
| kajə̑ | -še |
| kaje | -še |
| go | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| jolgorno |
| jolgorno |
| jolgorno |
| path |
| no |
|
|
| oškə̑lam. |
| oškə̑l | -am |
| oškə̑l | -am |
| step | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| oškə̑lam. |
| oškə̑ | -la | -m |
| oško | -la | -m |
| black.poplar | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -num | -case |
| oškə̑lam. |
| oškə̑ | -la | -m |
| oško | -la | -em |
| black.poplar | -COMP | -1SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
| oškə̑lam. |
| oškə̑ | -la | -m |
| oško | -la | -em |
| black.poplar | -PL | -1SG |
| no | -num | -poss |
|
goč́ 5 (Ju. Artamonoβ)
Janda goč́ keč́e pə̑rt ə̑rə̑kta gə̑nat, pörteš oltə̑mo gə̑nat, tudə̑n šoŋgo mogə̑ržə̑m nimožat ok ə̑rə̑kte.
| Janda |
| Janda |
| janda |
| glass |
| no |
|
|
| keč́e |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| keč́e |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| pə̑rt |
| pə̑rt |
| pə̑rt |
| a.little |
| av |
|
| ə̑rə̑kta |
| ə̑rə̑kt | -a |
| ə̑rə̑kte | -a |
| warm | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| ə̑rə̑kta |
| ə̑rə̑ | -kt | -a |
| ə̑re | -kte | -a |
| warm.up | -CAUS | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -pers |
|
| gə̑nat, |
| gə̑nat |
| gə̑nat |
| even.though |
| co/pa |
| gə̑nat, |
| gə̑na | -t |
| gə̑na | -at |
| only | -and |
| pa | -enc |
| gə̑nat, |
| gə̑n | -at |
| gə̑n | -at |
| if | -and |
| co/pa | -enc |
|
| pörteš |
| pört | -eš |
| pört | -eš |
| house | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| oltə̑mo |
| oltə̑ | -mo |
| olto | -me |
| light | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| gə̑nat, |
| gə̑nat |
| gə̑nat |
| even.though |
| co/pa |
| gə̑nat, |
| gə̑na | -t |
| gə̑na | -at |
| only | -and |
| pa | -enc |
| gə̑nat, |
| gə̑n | -at |
| gə̑n | -at |
| if | -and |
| co/pa | -enc |
|
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| his/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑n |
| tudo | -n |
| tudo | -n |
| 3SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| šoŋgo |
| šoŋgo |
| šoŋgo |
| old |
| ad/no |
|
| mogə̑ržə̑m |
| mogə̑r | -žə̑ | -m |
| mogə̑r | -že | -m |
| body | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| nimožat |
| ńimo | -ž | -at |
| ńimo | -že | -at |
| nothing | -3SG | -and |
| ad/av/pr | -poss | -enc |
|
| ok |
| ok | -Ø |
| ok | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| ə̑rə̑kte. |
| ə̑rə̑kte | -Ø |
| ə̑rə̑kte | -Ø |
| warm | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ə̑rə̑kte. |
| ə̑rə̑kte | -Ø |
| ə̑rə̑kte | -Ø |
| warm | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| ə̑rə̑kte. |
| ə̑rə̑ | -kte | -Ø |
| ə̑re | -kte | -Ø |
| warm.up | -CAUS | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| ə̑rə̑kte. |
| ə̑rə̑ | -kte | -Ø |
| ə̑re | -kte | -Ø |
| warm.up | -CAUS | -CNG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -conn |
|
goč́ 6 (A. Timofejeβ)
Keŋež goč́ βol'ə̑kə̑m küta, šə̑žə̑m akə̑m naleš.
| Keŋež |
| Keŋež |
| keŋež |
| summer |
| no |
|
|
| βol'ə̑kə̑m |
| βol'ə̑k | -ə̑m |
| βol'ə̑k | -m |
| cattle | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| küta, |
| küt | -a |
| kütö | -a |
| herd | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| šə̑žə̑m |
| šə̑žə̑m |
| šə̑žə̑m |
| in.autumn |
| av |
| šə̑žə̑m |
| šə̑žə̑ | -m |
| šə̑že | -m |
| autumn | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| akə̑m |
| ak | -ə̑m |
| ak | -m |
| price | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| naleš. |
| nal' | -eš |
| nal'e | -eš |
| soft.red.clay | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| naleš. |
| nal | -eš |
| nal | -eš |
| take | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
goč́ 7 (M. Šketan)
Susə̑rgen tolmekə̑že, Pötə̑r keŋež goč́ paša ə̑štə̑de ilə̑š.
| Susə̑rgen |
| Susə̑rg | -en | -Ø |
| susə̑rgo | -en | -Ø |
| be.injured | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| Susə̑rgen |
| Susə̑rg | -en |
| susə̑rgo | -en |
| be.injured | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| tolmekə̑že, |
| tol | -mekə̑ | -že |
| tol | -meke | -že |
| come | -CVB.PRI | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
| Pötə̑r |
| Pötə̑r |
| Pötə̑r |
| Pötyr |
| na |
|
| keŋež |
| keŋež |
| keŋež |
| summer |
| no |
|
|
|
| ə̑štə̑de |
| ə̑štə̑ | -de |
| ə̑šte | -de |
| do | -CVB.NEG |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| ilə̑š. |
| ilə̑š |
| ilə̑š |
| life |
| no |
| ilə̑š. |
| ilə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| ile | -š | -Ø |
| live | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
goč́ 8 (G. Pirogoβ)
Ač́ij, teleβizor goč́ mə̑jə̑mat užə̑nat βet?
| Ač́ij, |
| Ač́ij |
| ač́ij |
| father |
| no |
|
| teleβizor |
| teleβizor |
| teleβizor |
| television.set |
| no |
|
|
| mə̑jə̑mat |
| mə̑jə̑m | -at |
| mə̑jə̑m | -at |
| me | -and |
| pr | -enc |
| mə̑jə̑mat |
| mə̑j | -ə̑m | -at |
| mə̑j | -m | -at |
| 1SG | -ACC | -and |
| pr | -case | -enc |
|
| užə̑nat |
| už | -ə̑n | -at |
| už | -n | -at |
| see | -PST2 | -2SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| užə̑nat |
| už | -ə̑na | -t |
| už | -na | -at |
| see | -1PL | -and |
| vb1 | -pers | -enc |
| užə̑nat |
| už | -ə̑n | -Ø | -at |
| už | -n | -Ø | -at |
| see | -PST2 | -3SG | -and |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| užə̑nat |
| už | -ə̑n | -at |
| už | -n | -at |
| see | -CVB | -and |
| vb1 | -adv | -enc |
| užə̑nat |
| u | -žə̑ | -n | -at |
| u | -že | -n | -at |
| new | -3SG | -GEN | -and |
| ad/no | -poss | -case | -enc |
|
|
goč́ 9 (V. Juksern)
Kolmə̑da semə̑nak umə̑lə̑za, – pereβodč́ik goč́ polkoβnik peleštə̑š.
| Kolmə̑da |
| Kol | -mə̑ | -da |
| kol | -me | -da |
| hear | -PTCP.PASS | -2PL |
| vb1 | -ad | -poss |
|
| semə̑nak |
| semə̑n | -ak |
| semə̑n | -ak |
| like | -STR |
| po | -enc |
| semə̑nak |
| sem | -ə̑n | -ak |
| sem | -n | -ak |
| melody | -GEN | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
| semə̑nak |
| sem | -ə̑n | -ak |
| sem | -n | -ak |
| sense | -GEN | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
|
| umə̑lə̑za, – |
| umə̑lə̑ | -za |
| umə̑lo | -za |
| understand | -IMP.2PL |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
|
| pereβodč́ik |
| pereβodč́ik |
| pereβodč́ik |
| translator |
| no |
|
|
| polkoβnik |
| polkoβnik |
| polkoβnik |
| colonel |
| no |
|
| peleštə̑š. |
| peleštə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| pelešte | -š | -Ø |
| say | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
goč́ 10 (J. Jalmarij)
Kidše goč́ pütə̑ń kapem ə̑lə̑žə̑n.
| Kidše |
| Kid | -še |
| kid | -že |
| hand | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| pütə̑ń |
| pütə̑ń |
| pütə̑ń |
| complete |
| ad/av |
|
| kapem |
| kap | -em |
| kap | -em |
| body | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| kapem |
| kap | -em | -Ø |
| kap | -em | -Ø |
| body | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| kapem |
| kap | -em | -Ø |
| kap | -em | -Ø |
| body | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| kapem |
| kap | -em | -Ø |
| kap | -em | -Ø |
| body | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| ə̑lə̑žə̑n. |
| ə̑lə̑ž | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| ə̑lə̑ž | -n | -Ø |
| flare.up | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑lə̑žə̑n. |
| ə̑lə̑ž | -ə̑n |
| ə̑lə̑ž | -n |
| flare.up | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
goč́ 11 (M.-Azmekej)
Tojkansola tora ogə̑l, ik uštə̑š deč́ goč́ ok lij.
| Tojkansola |
| Tojkansola |
| Tojkansola |
| Toykansola |
| na |
|
| tora |
| tora |
| tora |
| gap |
| ad/av/no |
| tora |
| tor | -a |
| toro | -a |
| move.apart | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| ogə̑l, |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
|
| uštə̑š |
| uštə̑š |
| uštə̑š |
| distance |
| no |
| uštə̑š |
| uštə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| ušto | -š | -Ø |
| remember | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| uštə̑š |
| uštə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| ušto | -š | -Ø |
| call | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
|
|
| ok |
| ok | -Ø |
| ok | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| lij. |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lij. |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| lij. |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
goč́ 12
Tə̑leč́ goč́ mom ojlet.
| Tə̑leč́ |
| Tə̑leč́ |
| tə̑leč́ |
| from.this |
| av/pr |
|
|
| mom |
| mo | -m |
| mo | -m |
| what | -ACC |
| ad/av/pa/pr | -case |
|
| ojlet. |
| ojl | -et |
| ojlo | -et |
| talk | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
grabitel' 1 (A. Maksimoβ)
Kön βerč́ tə̑nar šuko tüžem oksa grabitel' kidə̑š logalə̑n?
| Kön |
| Kö | -n |
| kö | -n |
| who | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
|
| tə̑nar |
| tə̑nar |
| tə̑nar |
| that.much |
| av/pr |
|
| šuko |
| šuko |
| šuko |
| a.lot |
| ad/av/no |
|
| tüžem |
| tüžem |
| tüžem |
| thousand |
| nm |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em |
| tüž | -em |
| heavy.with.young | -1SG |
| ad | -poss |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em |
| tüžö | -em |
| heavy.with.young | -1SG |
| ad | -poss |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüžö | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -conn |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüžö | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -conn |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad | -deriv.v | -adv |
| tüžem |
| tüž | -em | -Ø |
| tüžö | -em | -Ø |
| heavy.with.young | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
|
| grabitel' |
| grabitel' |
| grabitel' |
| robber |
| no |
|
| kidə̑š |
| kid | -ə̑š |
| kid | -š |
| hand | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| logalə̑n? |
| logal | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| logal | -n | -Ø |
| touch | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| logalə̑n? |
| logal | -ə̑n |
| logal | -n |
| touch | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
grabitlaš 1
Tudo jeŋə̑m grabitlen.
|
|
| jeŋə̑m |
| jeŋ | -ə̑m |
| jeŋ | -m |
| person | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| grabitlen. |
| grabitl | -en | -Ø |
| grabitle | -en | -Ø |
| rob | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| grabitlen. |
| grabitl | -en |
| grabitle | -en |
| rob | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
grabitlaš 2 (S. Č́aβajn)
A, te tə̑šte mükšə̑m grabitlaš!
|
|
|
| tə̑šte |
| tə̑šte |
| tə̑šte |
| here |
| av/pr |
| tə̑šte |
| tə̑š | -te |
| tə̑š | -šte |
| here | -INE |
| av/pr | -case |
|
| mükšə̑m |
| mükš | -ə̑m |
| mükš | -m |
| bee | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| grabitlaš! |
| grabitl | -aš |
| grabitle | -aš |
| rob | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
grabitlaš 3 (G. Jefruš)
Neč́ego βakšə̑m grabitlen kijaš.
| Neč́ego |
| Neč́ego |
| Neč́ego |
| Nechego |
| na |
|
| βakšə̑m |
| βakš | -ə̑m |
| βakš | -m |
| mill | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| βakšə̑m |
| βakš | -ə̑m |
| βakš | -m |
| bed | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| βakšə̑m |
| βakš | -ə̑m |
| βakš | -ə̑m |
| make | -PST1.1SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| grabitlen |
| grabitl | -en | -Ø |
| grabitle | -en | -Ø |
| rob | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| grabitlen |
| grabitl | -en |
| grabitle | -en |
| rob | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kijaš. |
| kij | -aš |
| kije | -aš |
| lie | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
grabitlə̑maš 1 (A. Maksimoβ)
Vot, Krasnoβ joltaš, inkassator puštmašte da grabitlə̑mašte teat titakan ulə̑da.
|
|
| Krasnoβ |
| Krasnoβ |
| Krasnoβ |
| Krasnov |
| na |
|
| joltaš, |
| joltaš |
| joltaš |
| friend |
| no |
|
| inkassator |
| inkassator |
| inkassator |
| money.collector |
| no |
|
| puštmašte |
| puštmaš | -te |
| puštmaš | -šte |
| killing | -INE |
| no | -case |
| puštmašte |
| pušt | -maš | -te |
| pušt | -maš | -šte |
| kill | -NMLZ | -INE |
| vb1 | -deriv.n | -case |
|
|
| grabitlə̑mašte |
| grabitlə̑maš | -te |
| grabitlə̑maš | -šte |
| robbery | -INE |
| no | -case |
| grabitlə̑mašte |
| grabitlə̑ | -maš | -te |
| grabitle | -maš | -šte |
| rob | -NMLZ | -INE |
| vb2 | -deriv.n | -case |
|
| teat |
| te | -at |
| te | -at |
| 2PL | -and |
| pr | -enc |
|
| titakan |
| titakan |
| titakan |
| guilty |
| ad/no |
| titakan |
| titak | -an |
| titak | -an |
| guilt | -with |
| ad/av/no | -deriv.ad |
|
| ulə̑da. |
| ulə̑ | -da |
| ulo | -da |
| is | -2PL |
| ad/no/vb | -poss |
| ulə̑da. |
| ul | -ə̑da |
| ul | -da |
| be | -2PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
graβ'or 1
Graβ'orlan ə̑štaš
| Graβ'orlan |
| Graβ'or | -lan |
| graβ'or | -lan |
| engraver | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| Graβ'orlan |
| Graβ'or | -la | -n |
| graβ'or | -la | -n |
| engraver | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| ə̑štaš |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
graβ'or 2
usta graβ'or
| usta |
| usta |
| usta |
| skilled |
| ad/no |
|
| graβ'or |
| graβ'or |
| graβ'or |
| engraver |
| no |
|
graβij 1 («Fiz. geogr.»)
Pursa deč́ šoldə̑ra ošmam graβij manə̑t. Graβij cement da asfal't dene βaralteš.
|
|
|
| šoldə̑ra |
| šoldə̑ra |
| šoldə̑ra |
| coarse |
| ad |
|
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m |
| ošma | -m |
| sand | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m |
| ošma | -em |
| sand | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m | -Ø |
| ošma | -em | -Ø |
| sand | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m | -Ø |
| ošma | -em | -Ø |
| sand | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m | -Ø |
| ošma | -em | -Ø |
| sand | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| graβij |
| graβij |
| graβij |
| gravel |
| no |
|
| manə̑t. |
| man | -ə̑t |
| man | -ə̑t |
| say | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| Graβij |
| Graβij |
| graβij |
| gravel |
| no |
|
| cement |
| cement |
| cement |
| cement |
| no |
|
|
| asfal't |
| asfal't |
| asfal't |
| asphalt |
| no |
|
|
| βaralteš. |
| βaralt | -eš |
| βaralt | -eš |
| be.mixed | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| βaralteš. |
| βar | -alt | -eš |
| βare | -alt | -eš |
| mix | -REF | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -pers |
|
graβiroβatlaš 1
Jandaš graβiroβatlaš
| Jandaš |
| Janda | -š |
| janda | -š |
| glass | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| Jandaš |
| Janda | -š |
| janda | -eš |
| glass | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| graβiroβatlaš |
| graβiroβatl | -aš |
| graβiroβatle | -aš |
| engrave | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
graβiroβatlaš 2
šagateš graβiroβatlaš
| šagateš |
| šagat | -eš |
| šagat | -eš |
| hour | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| graβiroβatlaš |
| graβiroβatl | -aš |
| graβiroβatle | -aš |
| engrave | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
graβiroβatlə̑maš 1
Süretə̑m graβiroβatlə̑maš
| Süretə̑m |
| Süret | -ə̑m |
| süret | -m |
| painting | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| graβiroβatlə̑maš |
| graβiroβatlə̑maš |
| graβiroβatlə̑maš |
| engraving |
| no |
| graβiroβatlə̑maš |
| graβiroβatlə̑ | -maš |
| graβiroβatle | -maš |
| engrave | -NMLZ |
| vb2 | -deriv.n |
|
graβiroβatlə̑maš 2
inicialə̑m graβiroβatlə̑maš
| inicialə̑m |
| inicial | -ə̑m |
| inicial | -m |
| initials | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| graβiroβatlə̑maš |
| graβiroβatlə̑maš |
| graβiroβatlə̑maš |
| engraving |
| no |
| graβiroβatlə̑maš |
| graβiroβatlə̑ | -maš |
| graβiroβatle | -maš |
| engrave | -NMLZ |
| vb2 | -deriv.n |
|
graβiroβatlə̑me 1
Graβiroβatlə̑me masterskoj
| Graβiroβatlə̑me |
| Graβiroβatlə̑me |
| graβiroβatlə̑me |
| engraveŕs |
| ad |
| Graβiroβatlə̑me |
| Graβiroβatlə̑ | -me |
| graβiroβatle | -me |
| engrave | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| masterskoj |
| masterskoj |
| masterskoj |
| workshop |
| no |
|
graβ'ura 1 (Paustoβskij)
Tul pudešt jülen, tudə̑n šörtńalge tüsšö pə̑rdə̑žlašte, tošto graβ'urə̑što... βolgaltə̑n.
|
|
| pudešt |
| pudešt | -Ø |
| pudešt | -Ø |
| burst | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| pudešt |
| pudešt | -Ø |
| pudešt | -Ø |
| burst | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| pudešt |
| pudešt | -Ø |
| pudešt | -Ø |
| burst | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| jülen, |
| jüle | -n |
| jüle | -n |
| fire | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| jülen, |
| jül | -en | -Ø |
| jülö | -en | -Ø |
| burn | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| jülen, |
| jül | -en |
| jülö | -en |
| burn | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| his/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑n |
| tudo | -n |
| tudo | -n |
| 3SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| šörtńalge |
| šörtńalge |
| šörtńalge |
| gold |
| ad |
| šörtńalge |
| šörtńalge | -Ø |
| šörtńalge | -Ø |
| become.golden | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šörtńalge |
| šörtńalge | -Ø |
| šörtńalge | -Ø |
| become.golden | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| tüsšö |
| tüs | -šö |
| tüs | -že |
| color | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| pə̑rdə̑žlašte, |
| pə̑rdə̑ž | -la | -šte |
| pə̑rdə̑ž | -la | -šte |
| wall | -PL | -INE |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| tošto |
| tošto |
| tošto |
| old |
| ad/no |
| tošto |
| toš | -to |
| toš | -šte |
| butt | -INE |
| no | -case |
| tošto |
| tošt | -o |
| tošt | -Je |
| dare | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| graβ'urə̑što... |
| graβ'ur | -ə̑što |
| graβ'ur | -šte |
| engraving | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| βolgaltə̑n. |
| βolgalt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| βolgalt | -n | -Ø |
| shine | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| βolgaltə̑n. |
| βolgalt | -ə̑n |
| βolgalt | -n |
| shine | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| βolgaltə̑n. |
| βolg | -alt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| βolgo | -alt | -n | -Ø |
| shine | -REF | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| βolgaltə̑n. |
| βolg | -alt | -ə̑n |
| βolgo | -alt | -n |
| shine | -REF | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
gradus 1
Nə̑lle βič́ gradusan ugə̑l
| Nə̑lle |
| Nə̑lle |
| nə̑lle |
| forty |
| nm |
|
|
| gradusan |
| gradusan |
| gradusan |
| degrees |
| ad |
| gradusan |
| gradus | -an |
| gradus | -an |
| degree | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| ugə̑l |
| ugə̑l |
| ugə̑l |
| corner |
| no |
|
gradus 2
Lu gradus šokšo
|
|
| gradus |
| gradus |
| gradus |
| degree |
| no |
|
| šokšo |
| šokšo |
| šokšo |
| heat |
| ad/no |
| šokšo |
| šok | -šo |
| šokt | -še |
| sift | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| šokšo |
| šok | -šo |
| šok | -že |
| shock | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| šokšo |
| šok | -šo |
| šokt | -že |
| sift | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| šokšo |
| šok | -Ø | -šo |
| šokt | -Ø | -že |
| sift | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| šokšo |
| šok | -Ø | -šo |
| šokt | -Ø | -že |
| sift | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
gradus 3
Rtut' motkoč́ ülə̑kö βolen kajen: kolo gradus jüštö.
| Rtut' |
| Rtut' |
| rtut' |
| mercury |
| no |
|
| motkoč́ |
| motkoč́ |
| motkoč́ |
| exceedingly |
| av |
|
| ülə̑kö |
| ülə̑kö |
| ülə̑kö |
| downwards |
| av |
|
| βolen |
| βol | -en | -Ø |
| βolo | -en | -Ø |
| descend | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βolen |
| βol | -en |
| βolo | -en |
| descend | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kajen: |
| kaj | -en | -Ø |
| kaje | -en | -Ø |
| go | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kajen: |
| kaj | -en |
| kaje | -en |
| go | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kolo |
| kolo | -Ø |
| kolo | -Ø |
| die | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| kolo |
| kolo | -Ø |
| kolo | -Ø |
| die | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| gradus |
| gradus |
| gradus |
| degree |
| no |
|
| jüštö. |
| jüštö |
| jüštö |
| cold |
| ad/no |
|
gradus 4
Spirtə̑n peŋgə̑də̑lə̑kše 96 gradus.
| Spirtə̑n |
| Spirt | -ə̑n |
| spirt | -n |
| spirit | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| peŋgə̑də̑lə̑kše |
| peŋgə̑də̑lə̑k | -še |
| peŋgə̑də̑lə̑k | -že |
| hardness | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| peŋgə̑də̑lə̑kše |
| peŋgə̑də̑ | -lə̑k | -še |
| peŋgə̑de | -lə̑k | -že |
| hard | -for | -3SG |
| ad | -deriv.ad | -poss |
|
|
| gradus. |
| gradus |
| gradus |
| degree |
| no |
|
gradusan 1 (V. Juksern)
Ümbač́ə̑n nunə̑m βitle kum gradusan šokšo temden.
| Ümbač́ə̑n |
| Ümbač́ə̑n |
| ümbač́ə̑n |
| from.above |
| av/po |
|
| nunə̑m |
| nunə̑m |
| nunə̑m |
| them |
| pr |
| nunə̑m |
| nuno | -m |
| nuno | -m |
| 3PL | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
| βitle |
| βitle |
| βitle |
| fifty |
| nm |
| βitle |
| βitle | -Ø |
| βitle | -Ø |
| complain | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| βitle |
| βitle | -Ø |
| βitle | -Ø |
| complain | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| kum |
| kum |
| kum |
| godfather.of.one's.child |
| no |
|
| gradusan |
| gradusan |
| gradusan |
| degrees |
| ad |
| gradusan |
| gradus | -an |
| gradus | -an |
| degree | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| šokšo |
| šokšo |
| šokšo |
| heat |
| ad/no |
| šokšo |
| šok | -šo |
| šokt | -še |
| sift | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| šokšo |
| šok | -šo |
| šok | -že |
| shock | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| šokšo |
| šok | -šo |
| šokt | -že |
| sift | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| šokšo |
| šok | -Ø | -šo |
| šokt | -Ø | -že |
| sift | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| šokšo |
| šok | -Ø | -šo |
| šokt | -Ø | -že |
| sift | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
| temden. |
| temd | -en | -Ø |
| temde | -en | -Ø |
| push | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| temden. |
| temd | -en |
| temde | -en |
| push | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gradusnik 1
Gradusnikə̑m šə̑ndaš
| Gradusnikə̑m |
| Gradusnik | -ə̑m |
| gradusnik | -m |
| thermometer | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šə̑ndaš |
| šə̑nd | -aš |
| šə̑nde | -aš |
| put | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gradusnik 2 («Geografij»)
Šokšo den jüštə̑m βiskalaš gradusnikə̑m ale termometrə̑m kuč́ə̑ltə̑t.
| Šokšo |
| Šokšo |
| šokšo |
| heat |
| ad/no |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -šo |
| šokt | -še |
| sift | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -šo |
| šok | -že |
| shock | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -šo |
| šokt | -že |
| sift | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -Ø | -šo |
| šokt | -Ø | -že |
| sift | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -Ø | -šo |
| šokt | -Ø | -že |
| sift | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
|
| jüštə̑m |
| jüštə̑ | -m |
| jüštö | -m |
| cold | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| βiskalaš |
| βiskal | -aš |
| βiskale | -aš |
| measure | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| gradusnikə̑m |
| gradusnik | -ə̑m |
| gradusnik | -m |
| thermometer | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ale |
| al'e |
| al'e |
| or |
| av/co/pa |
| ale |
| ale | -Ø |
| ale | -Ø |
| soften.bast | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ale |
| ale | -Ø |
| ale | -Ø |
| soften.bast | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| termometrə̑m |
| termometr | -ə̑m |
| termometr | -m |
| thermometer | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kuč́ə̑ltə̑t. |
| kuč́ə̑lt | -ə̑t |
| kuč́ə̑lt | -ə̑t |
| hold | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
graždan 1 (K. Isakoβ)
Reβol'ucij βerč́, graždan-βlak, ura!
| Reβol'ucij |
| Reβol'ucij |
| reβol'ucij |
| revolution |
| no |
|
| βerč́, |
| βerč́ |
| βerč́ |
| for |
| po |
|
| graždan-βlak, |
| graždan | -βlak |
| graždan | -βlak |
| citizen | -PL |
| ad/no | -num |
|
| ura! |
| ura |
| ura |
| hurray! |
| in/no |
| ura! |
| ur | -a |
| uro | -a |
| bury | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
graždan 2 (A. Bik)
Tudo graždan βurgeman kolə̑šə̑m muə̑nat, šketə̑n kü ora gə̑č́ niguze luktə̑n kertə̑n ogə̑l.
|
|
| graždan |
| graždan |
| graždan |
| citizen |
| ad/no |
|
| βurgeman |
| βurgeman |
| βurgeman |
| clothed |
| ad |
| βurgeman |
| βurgem | -an |
| βurgem | -an |
| clothes | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| kolə̑šə̑m |
| kolə̑šə̑ | -m |
| kolə̑šo | -m |
| dead | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
| kolə̑šə̑m |
| kolə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| kolo | -š | -ə̑m |
| die | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kolə̑šə̑m |
| kolə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| kolo | -še | -m |
| die | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
| muə̑nat, |
| mu | -ə̑n | -at |
| mu | -n | -at |
| find | -PST2 | -2SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| muə̑nat, |
| mu | -ə̑na | -t |
| mu | -na | -at |
| find | -1PL | -and |
| vb1 | -pers | -enc |
| muə̑nat, |
| mu | -ə̑n | -Ø | -at |
| mu | -n | -Ø | -at |
| find | -PST2 | -3SG | -and |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| muə̑nat, |
| mu | -ə̑n | -at |
| mu | -n | -at |
| find | -CVB | -and |
| vb1 | -adv | -enc |
|
| šketə̑n |
| šketə̑n |
| šketə̑n |
| alone |
| av |
| šketə̑n |
| šket | -ə̑n |
| šket | -n |
| alone | -GEN |
| ad/av/pa | -case |
| šketə̑n |
| ške | -t | -ə̑n |
| ške | -et | -n |
| REFL | -2SG | -GEN |
| pr | -poss | -case |
|
| kü |
| kü | -Ø |
| kü | -Ø |
| ripen | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kü |
| kü | -Ø |
| kü | -Ø |
| ripen | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| kü |
| kü | -Ø |
| kü | -Ø |
| ripen | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ora |
| or | -a |
| oro | -a |
| rage | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| niguze |
| ńiguze |
| ńiguze |
| in.no.way |
| av/pr |
|
| luktə̑n |
| lukt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lukt | -n | -Ø |
| lead.out | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| luktə̑n |
| lukt | -ə̑n |
| lukt | -n |
| lead.out | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| kertə̑n |
| kert | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| kert | -n | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kertə̑n |
| kert | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| kert | -n | -Ø |
| swaddle | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kertə̑n |
| kert | -ə̑n |
| kert | -n |
| be.able.to | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| kertə̑n |
| kert | -ə̑n |
| kert | -n |
| swaddle | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ogə̑l. |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
graždan 3 (V. Iβanoβ)
Graždan sarə̑n gerojžo dene βašlijmaš lije.
| Graždan |
| Graždan |
| graždan |
| citizen |
| ad/no |
|
| sarə̑n |
| sarə̑n |
| sarə̑n |
| yellow |
| av |
| sarə̑n |
| sar | -ə̑n |
| sar | -n |
| war | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| sarə̑n |
| sar | -ə̑n |
| sar | -n |
| yellow | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| sarə̑n |
| sarə̑ | -n |
| sare | -n |
| yellow | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| gerojžo |
| geroj | -žo |
| geroj | -že |
| hero | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| βašlijmaš |
| βašlijmaš |
| βašlijmaš |
| meeting |
| no |
| βašlijmaš |
| βašlij | -maš |
| βašlij | -maš |
| meet | -NMLZ |
| vb1 | -deriv.n |
|
| lije. |
| lij | -e |
| lij | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
graždanin 1
Soβet Sojuzə̑n graždaninže
| Soβet |
| Soβet |
| soβet |
| council |
| no |
| Soβet |
| Soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| palm | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| Soβet |
| Soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| slap | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| Sojuzə̑n |
| Sojuz | -ə̑n |
| sojuz | -n |
| conjunction | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| graždaninže |
| graždanin | -že |
| graždanin | -že |
| citizen | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
graždanin 2 (M. Bol'šakoβ)
Tör praβan graždanin ulam ə̑nde!
| Tör |
| Tör |
| tör |
| flat |
| ad/av/no |
|
| praβan |
| praβan |
| praβan |
| with.rights |
| ad |
| praβan |
| praβa | -n |
| praβa | -an |
| law | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| praβan |
| praβa | -n |
| praβa | -n |
| law | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| graždanin |
| graždanin |
| graždanin |
| citizen |
| no |
|
| ulam |
| ula | -m |
| ula | -m |
| cart | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| ulam |
| ula | -m |
| ula | -em |
| cart | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| ulam |
| ul | -am |
| ul | -am |
| be | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| ulam |
| u | -la | -m |
| u | -la | -m |
| new | -PL | -ACC |
| ad/no | -num | -case |
| ulam |
| u | -la | -m |
| u | -la | -em |
| new | -COMP | -1SG |
| ad/no | -case | -poss |
| ulam |
| u | -la | -m |
| u | -la | -em |
| new | -PL | -1SG |
| ad/no | -num | -poss |
| ulam |
| ula | -m | -Ø |
| ula | -em | -Ø |
| cart | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| ulam |
| ula | -m | -Ø |
| ula | -em | -Ø |
| cart | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| ulam |
| ula | -m | -Ø |
| ula | -em | -Ø |
| cart | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| ə̑nde! |
| ə̑nde |
| ə̑nde |
| now |
| av/pa |
|
graždanin 3 (S. Nikolajeβ)
Graždanin, tamburə̑što šogaš ogeš lij, βagonə̑š purə̑za!
| Graždanin, |
| Graždanin |
| graždanin |
| citizen |
| no |
|
| tamburə̑što |
| tambur | -ə̑što |
| tambur | -šte |
| platform | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| šogaš |
| šoga | -š |
| šoga | -š |
| plough | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| šogaš |
| šoga | -š |
| šoga | -eš |
| plough | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šogaš |
| šog | -aš |
| šogo | -aš |
| stand | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| ogeš |
| og | -eš |
| og | -eš |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| lij, |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lij, |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| lij, |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| βagonə̑š |
| βagon | -ə̑š |
| βagon | -š |
| railroad.car | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| purə̑za! |
| purə̑ | -za |
| puro | -za |
| go.in | -IMP.2PL |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
|
graždanka 1 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Graždanka, graždanka, – tə̑plandaraš töč́em, a üdə̑ramaš utə̑r βele talə̑šna, motkoč́ č́ot βursa.
| Graždanka, |
| Graždanka |
| Graždanka |
| Grazhdanka |
| na |
|
| graždanka, – |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| tə̑plandaraš |
| tə̑plandar | -aš |
| tə̑plandare | -aš |
| pacify | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| töč́em, |
| töč́ | -em |
| töč́ö | -em |
| try | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| üdə̑ramaš |
| üdə̑ramaš |
| üdə̑ramaš |
| woman |
| no |
|
| utə̑r |
| utə̑r |
| utə̑r |
| more.and.more |
| av |
| utə̑r |
| utə̑r |
| utə̑r |
| something.excessive |
| no |
|
| βele |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| βele |
| βel | -'e |
| βel | -Je |
| spill | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| βele |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| talə̑šna, |
| talə̑šn | -a |
| talə̑šne | -a |
| grow.stronger | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| motkoč́ |
| motkoč́ |
| motkoč́ |
| exceedingly |
| av |
|
|
| βursa. |
| βurs | -a |
| βurso | -a |
| scold | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
graždanskij 1
Graždanskij kodeks
| Graždanskij |
| Graždanskij |
| graždanskij |
| civil |
| ad |
|
| kodeks |
| kodeks |
| kodeks |
| codex |
| no |
|
graždanskij 2
graždanskij praβa
| graždanskij |
| graždanskij |
| graždanskij |
| civil |
| ad |
|
|
graždanskij 3
Č́erle jeŋlan βürə̑m pöleklə̑maš – kažne taza soβet ajdemə̑n graždanskij dolgšo.
| Č́erle |
| Č́erle |
| č́erle |
| sick |
| ad/no |
|
| jeŋlan |
| jeŋ | -lan |
| jeŋ | -lan |
| person | -DAT |
| ad/no | -case |
| jeŋlan |
| jeŋ | -la | -n |
| jeŋ | -la | -n |
| person | -PL | -GEN |
| ad/no | -num | -case |
|
| βürə̑m |
| βür | -ə̑m |
| βür | -m |
| blood | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| pöleklə̑maš – |
| pöleklə̑maš |
| pöleklə̑maš |
| giving.presents |
| no |
| pöleklə̑maš – |
| pöleklə̑ | -maš |
| pölekle | -maš |
| give.a.present | -NMLZ |
| vb2 | -deriv.n |
|
| kažne |
| kažne |
| kažne |
| each |
| pr |
|
| taza |
| taza |
| taza |
| healthy |
| ad |
|
| soβet |
| soβet |
| soβet |
| council |
| no |
| soβet |
| soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| palm | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| soβet |
| soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| slap | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| ajdemə̑n |
| ajdemə̑ | -n |
| ajdeme | -n |
| human | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| graždanskij |
| graždanskij |
| graždanskij |
| civil |
| ad |
|
| dolgšo. |
| dolg | -šo |
| dolg | -že |
| duty | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
graždanskij 4 (V. Kosorotoβ)
Memnan tβorč́eskij organizacijə̑štə̑na kükšö treboβatel'nost', principial'nost' da kalə̑k onč́ə̑lno χudožnikə̑n graždanskij otβetstβennost'šə̑m šižə̑n šogə̑mo obstanoβkə̑m ə̑štaš küleš.
| Memnan |
| mem | -na | -n |
| me | -na | -n |
| 1PL | -1PL | -GEN |
| pr | -poss | -case |
|
| tβorč́eskij |
| tβorč́eskij |
| tβorč́eskij |
| creative |
| ad |
|
| organizacijə̑štə̑na |
| organizacij | -ə̑štə̑ | -na |
| organizacij | -šte | -na |
| organization | -INE | -1PL |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| kükšö |
| kükšö |
| kükšö |
| high |
| ad |
|
| treboβatel'nost', |
| treboβatel'nost' |
| treboβatel'nost' |
| exactingness |
| no |
|
| principial'nost' |
| principial'nost' |
| principial'nost' |
| adherence.to.principles |
| no |
|
|
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| people |
| no |
|
| onč́ə̑lno |
| onč́ə̑lno |
| onč́ə̑lno |
| in.front |
| av/po |
|
| χudožnikə̑n |
| χudožnik | -ə̑n |
| χudožnik | -n |
| artist | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| graždanskij |
| graždanskij |
| graždanskij |
| civil |
| ad |
|
| otβetstβennost'šə̑m |
| otβetstβennost' | -šə̑ | -m |
| otβetstβennost' | -že | -m |
| responsibility | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| šižə̑n |
| šiž | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| šiž | -n | -Ø |
| feel | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šižə̑n |
| šiž | -ə̑n |
| šiž | -n |
| feel | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| šogə̑mo |
| šogə̑mo |
| šogə̑mo |
| standing |
| ad |
| šogə̑mo |
| šogə̑ | -mo |
| šogo | -me |
| stand | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| obstanoβkə̑m |
| obstanoβkə̑ | -m |
| obstanoβko | -m |
| situation | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑štaš |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| küleš. |
| küleš |
| küleš |
| need |
| ad/no |
| küleš. |
| kül | -eš |
| kül | -eš |
| be.necessary | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
graždanskij 5
graždanskij oborona
| graždanskij |
| graždanskij |
| graždanskij |
| civil |
| ad |
|
|
graždanskij 6 (P. Korniloβ)
Onč́em, βaštarešla sade jeŋet toleš – graždanskij βurgeman.
| Onč́em, |
| Onč́ | -em |
| onč́o | -em |
| look | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| βaštarešla |
| βaštarešla |
| βaštarešla |
| toward |
| av |
| βaštarešla |
| βaštareš | -la |
| βaštareš | -la |
| toward | -COMP |
| ad/av/po | -case |
| βaštarešla |
| βaštareš | -la |
| βaštareš | -la |
| toward | -PL |
| ad/av/po | -num |
| βaštarešla |
| βaštareš | -la |
| βaštareš | -la |
| toward | -STR |
| ad/av/po | -enc |
| βaštarešla |
| βaštarešl | -a |
| βaštarešle | -a |
| contrast | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| βaštarešla |
| βaštar | -eš | -la |
| βaštar | -eš | -la |
| maple | -LAT | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
|
|
| jeŋet |
| jeŋ | -et |
| jeŋ | -et |
| person | -2SG |
| ad/no | -poss |
|
| toleš – |
| tol' | -eš |
| tol' | -eš |
| tarred.roofing.paper | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| toleš – |
| tol | -eš |
| tol | -eš |
| come | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| graždanskij |
| graždanskij |
| graždanskij |
| civil |
| ad |
|
| βurgeman. |
| βurgeman |
| βurgeman |
| clothed |
| ad |
| βurgeman. |
| βurgem | -an |
| βurgem | -an |
| clothes | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
graždanskij 7
Graždanskij paniχida
| Graždanskij |
| Graždanskij |
| graždanskij |
| civil |
| ad |
|
|
graždanstβo 1
Soβet graždanstβə̑m nalaš
| Soβet |
| Soβet |
| soβet |
| council |
| no |
| Soβet |
| Soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| palm | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| Soβet |
| Soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| slap | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| graždanstβə̑m |
| graždanstβə̑ | -m |
| graždanstβe | -m |
| citizenship | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| nalaš |
| nal | -aš |
| nal | -aš |
| take | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gramm 1
Vič́ gramm
|
|
| gramm |
| gramm |
| gramm |
| gram |
| no |
|
gramm 2 (A. Ajzenβort)
Mündə̑rkö kajaš šonə̑mo godə̑m kažne gramm uč́otə̑što lijman.
| Mündə̑rkö |
| Mündə̑rkö |
| mündə̑rkö |
| far |
| av/po |
|
| kajaš |
| kaj | -aš |
| kaje | -aš |
| go | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| šonə̑mo |
| šonə̑mo |
| šonə̑mo |
| desired |
| ad |
| šonə̑mo |
| šonə̑ | -mo |
| šono | -me |
| think | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
| kažne |
| kažne |
| kažne |
| each |
| pr |
|
| gramm |
| gramm |
| gramm |
| gram |
| no |
|
| uč́otə̑što |
| uč́ot | -ə̑što |
| uč́ot | -šte |
| accounting | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| lijman. |
| lijman |
| lijman |
| able |
| ad |
| lijman. |
| lijm | -an |
| lijme | -an |
| happening | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| lijman. |
| lij | -man |
| lij | -man |
| be | -INF.NEC |
| vb1 | -inf |
| lijman. |
| lij | -m | -an |
| lij | -me | -an |
| be | -PTCP.PASS | -with |
| vb1 | -ad | -deriv.ad |
|
gramm 3 («Arifmetika»)
Kuštə̑lgə̑rak predmet-βlakə̑m kilogramm da gramm dene, utlarak nele predmet-βlakə̑m centner da tonn dene βiskalat.
| Kuštə̑lgə̑rak |
| Kuštə̑lgə̑ | -rak |
| kuštə̑lgo | -rak |
| light | -COMP |
| ad/no | -deg |
|
| predmet-βlakə̑m |
| predmet | -βlak | -ə̑m |
| predmet | -βlak | -m |
| object | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| kilogramm |
| kilogramm |
| kilogramm |
| kilo |
| no |
|
|
| gramm |
| gramm |
| gramm |
| gram |
| no |
|
|
| utlarak |
| utlarak |
| utlarak |
| more |
| av |
| utlarak |
| utla | -rak |
| utla | -rak |
| more | -COMP |
| av/po | -deg |
| utlarak |
| utl | -a | -rak |
| utlo | -a | -rak |
| escape | -3SG | -COMP |
| vb2 | -pers | -deg |
|
| nele |
| nele |
| nele |
| heavy |
| ad/no |
| nele |
| nel | -'e |
| nel | -Je |
| swallow | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| predmet-βlakə̑m |
| predmet | -βlak | -ə̑m |
| predmet | -βlak | -m |
| object | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| centner |
| centner |
| centner |
| centner |
| no |
|
|
| tonn |
| tonn |
| tonn |
| metric.ton |
| no |
|
|
| βiskalat. |
| βiskal | -at |
| βiskale | -at |
| measure | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| βiskalat. |
| βiskal | -a | -t |
| βiskale | -a | -at |
| measure | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| βiskalat. |
| βiskal | -Ø | -at |
| βiskale | -Ø | -at |
| measure | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
gramman 1
Lu gramman
|
|
| gramman |
| gramman |
| gramman |
| gram |
| ad |
| gramman |
| gramm | -an |
| gramm | -an |
| gram | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
gramman 2 (N. Lekajn)
Indeš gramman «č́ə̑zašə̑m» βaške puat.
| Indeš |
| Indeš |
| indeš |
| nine |
| nm |
|
| gramman |
| gramman |
| gramman |
| gram |
| ad |
| gramman |
| gramm | -an |
| gramm | -an |
| gram | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| «č́ə̑zašə̑m» |
| č́ə̑zaš | -ə̑m |
| č́ə̑zaš | -m |
| nipple | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| βaške |
| βaške |
| βaške |
| soon |
| ad/av/no |
| βaške |
| βaške | -Ø |
| βaške | -Ø |
| hurry | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| βaške |
| βaške | -Ø |
| βaške | -Ø |
| hurry | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| puat. |
| pu | -at |
| pu | -at |
| wood | -and |
| no | -enc |
| puat. |
| pu | -at |
| puo | -at |
| give | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| puat. |
| pu | -at |
| puo | -at |
| blow | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| puat. |
| pu | -a | -t |
| puo | -a | -at |
| give | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| puat. |
| pu | -a | -t |
| puo | -a | -at |
| blow | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| puat. |
| pu | -Ø | -at |
| puo | -Ø | -at |
| give | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
| puat. |
| pu | -Ø | -at |
| puo | -Ø | -at |
| blow | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
grammatika 1
Grammatikə̑n teorijže
| Grammatikə̑n |
| Grammatikə̑ | -n |
| grammatike | -n |
| grammar | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| teorijže |
| teorij | -že |
| teorij | -že |
| theory | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
grammatika 2 (V. Sapajeβ)
Takše mə̑jə̑m grammatika ogə̑l, matematika koč́keš.
| Takše |
| Takše |
| takše |
| generally |
| av |
| Takše |
| Tak | -še |
| tak | -že |
| like.that | -3SG |
| av/co/pa | -poss |
|
| mə̑jə̑m |
| mə̑jə̑m |
| mə̑jə̑m |
| me |
| pr |
| mə̑jə̑m |
| mə̑j | -ə̑m |
| mə̑j | -m |
| 1SG | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
| grammatika |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| ogə̑l, |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
| matematika |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| koč́keš. |
| koč́k | -eš |
| koč́k | -eš |
| eat | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
grammatika 3 (V. Kosorotoβ)
Grammatika dene «okšakla».
| Grammatika |
| Grammatika |
| Grammatika |
| Grammatika |
| na |
|
|
| «okšakla». |
| okšak | -la |
| okšak | -la |
| lame.person | -COMP |
| ad/no | -case |
| «okšakla». |
| okšak | -la |
| okšak | -la |
| lame.person | -PL |
| ad/no | -num |
| «okšakla». |
| okšak | -la |
| okšak | -la |
| lame.person | -STR |
| ad/no | -enc |
| «okšakla». |
| okšakl | -a |
| okšakle | -a |
| limp | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
grammatika 4
Akademič́eskij grammatika
| Akademič́eskij |
| Akademič́eskij |
| akademič́eskij |
| academic |
| ad |
|
| grammatika |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
grammatika 5
1775 ijə̑šte perβə̑j marij grammatikə̑m peč́atlen lukmo.
|
|
| ijə̑šte |
| ij | -ə̑šte |
| ij | -šte |
| year | -INE |
| no | -case |
| ijə̑šte |
| ij | -ə̑šte |
| ij | -šte |
| ice | -INE |
| no | -case |
| ijə̑šte |
| ij | -ə̑šte |
| ij | -šte |
| chisel | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| perβə̑j |
| perβə̑j |
| perβə̑j |
| first |
| ad/av/nm |
|
| marij |
| marij |
| marij |
| Mari |
| no |
|
| grammatikə̑m |
| grammatikə̑ | -m |
| grammatike | -m |
| grammar | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| peč́atlen |
| peč́atl | -en | -Ø |
| peč́atle | -en | -Ø |
| print | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| peč́atlen |
| peč́atl | -en |
| peč́atle | -en |
| print | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| lukmo. |
| lukmo |
| lukmo |
| deductible |
| ad |
| lukmo. |
| luk | -mo |
| lukt | -me |
| lead.out | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
grammatikə̑se 1
Marij grammatikə̑se terminologij tüŋ šotə̑što ruš jə̑lmə̑lan eŋerta.
| Marij |
| Marij |
| marij |
| Mari |
| no |
|
| grammatikə̑se |
| grammatikə̑se |
| grammatikə̑se |
| grammatical |
| ad |
| grammatikə̑se |
| grammatikə̑ | -se |
| grammatike | -se |
| grammar | -ADJ |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| terminologij |
| terminologij |
| terminologij |
| terminology |
| no |
|
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ |
| foundation |
| ad/no |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| freeze | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| freeze | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| tüŋ |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| tüŋ | -Ø |
| freeze | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| šotə̑što |
| šotə̑što |
| šotə̑što |
| regarding |
| po |
| šotə̑što |
| šot | -ə̑što |
| šot | -šte |
| use | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| ruš |
| ru | -š |
| ru | -š |
| leaven | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| jə̑lmə̑lan |
| jə̑lmə̑ | -lan |
| jə̑lme | -lan |
| tongue | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| jə̑lmə̑lan |
| jə̑lmə̑ | -la | -n |
| jə̑lme | -la | -n |
| tongue | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| eŋerta. |
| eŋert | -a |
| eŋerte | -a |
| lean.on | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
grammatič́eskij 1
Grammatič́eskij kə̑l
| Grammatič́eskij |
| Grammatič́eskij |
| grammatič́eskij |
| grammatical |
| ad |
|
|
grammatič́eskij 2
grammatič́eskij struktura
| grammatič́eskij |
| grammatič́eskij |
| grammatič́eskij |
| grammatical |
| ad |
|
| struktura |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
grammatič́eskij 3
grammatič́eskij joŋə̑lə̑š
| grammatič́eskij |
| grammatič́eskij |
| grammatič́eskij |
| grammatical |
| ad |
|
| joŋə̑lə̑š |
| joŋə̑lə̑š |
| joŋə̑lə̑š |
| mistake |
| ad/av/no |
| joŋə̑lə̑š |
| joŋə̑lə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| joŋə̑lo | -š | -Ø |
| make.mistakes | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
grammatič́eskij 4 («Mar. fil.»)
Predloženijə̑se mut-βlak koklašte grammatič́eskij kə̑l ereak liješ.
| Predloženijə̑se |
| Predloženij | -ə̑se |
| predloženij | -se |
| offer | -ADJ |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| mut-βlak |
| mut | -βlak |
| mut | -βlak |
| word | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| koklašte |
| koklašte |
| koklašte |
| in |
| av/po |
| koklašte |
| kokla | -šte |
| kokla | -šte |
| distance | -INE |
| ad/no | -case |
| koklašte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| cook | -PL | -INE |
| no | -num | -case |
| koklašte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| two | -PL | -INE |
| nm | -num | -case |
|
| grammatič́eskij |
| grammatič́eskij |
| grammatič́eskij |
| grammatical |
| ad |
|
|
| ereak |
| ereak |
| ereak |
| always |
| av |
| ereak |
| ere | -ak |
| ere | -ak |
| always | -STR |
| av/po | -enc |
|
| liješ. |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ. |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
grammatič́eskij 5 (V. Sapajeβ)
Grammatič́eskij joŋə̑lə̑šə̑m ok ə̑šte ə̑le gə̑n, 5-ə̑m šə̑ndaš liješ ə̑le.
| Grammatič́eskij |
| Grammatič́eskij |
| grammatič́eskij |
| grammatical |
| ad |
|
| joŋə̑lə̑šə̑m |
| joŋə̑lə̑š | -ə̑m |
| joŋə̑lə̑š | -m |
| mistake | -ACC |
| ad/av/no | -case |
| joŋə̑lə̑šə̑m |
| joŋə̑lə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| joŋə̑lo | -š | -ə̑m |
| make.mistakes | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| joŋə̑lə̑šə̑m |
| joŋə̑lə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| joŋə̑lo | -še | -m |
| make.mistakes | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
| ok |
| ok | -Ø |
| ok | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| ə̑šte |
| ə̑šte | -Ø |
| ə̑šte | -Ø |
| do | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ə̑šte |
| ə̑šte | -Ø |
| ə̑šte | -Ø |
| do | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| ə̑le |
| ə̑l | -'e |
| ul | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
|
|
| šə̑ndaš |
| šə̑nd | -aš |
| šə̑nde | -aš |
| put | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| liješ |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| ə̑le. |
| ə̑l | -'e |
| ul | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
grammofon 1
Tošto grammofon
| Tošto |
| Tošto |
| tošto |
| old |
| ad/no |
| Tošto |
| Toš | -to |
| toš | -šte |
| butt | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Tošto |
| Tošt | -o |
| tošt | -Je |
| dare | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| grammofon |
| grammofon |
| grammofon |
| record.player |
| no |
|
grammofon 2 (I. Vasil'jeβ)
Ala-kudo pölemə̑šte grammofon mura.
| Ala-kudo |
| Ala-kudo |
| ala-kudo |
| which |
| pr |
|
| pölemə̑šte |
| pölem | -ə̑šte |
| pölem | -šte |
| room | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| grammofon |
| grammofon |
| grammofon |
| record.player |
| no |
|
| mura. |
| mur | -a |
| muro | -a |
| sing | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
grammofon 3
Grammofon plastinka
| Grammofon |
| Grammofon |
| grammofon |
| record.player |
| no |
|
| plastinka |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
grammofon 4 (I. Vasil'jeβ)
Mutlanə̑maš erkə̑šnə̑šat, grammofon jük sə̑lnə̑n joŋgalteš.
| Mutlanə̑maš |
| Mutlanə̑maš |
| mutlanə̑maš |
| talk |
| no |
| Mutlanə̑maš |
| Mutlanə̑ | -maš |
| mutlane | -maš |
| talk | -NMLZ |
| vb2 | -deriv.n |
|
| erkə̑šnə̑šat, |
| erkə̑šnə̑š | -at |
| erkə̑šnə̑še | -at |
| slow | -and |
| ad | -enc |
| erkə̑šnə̑šat, |
| erkə̑šnə̑ | -š | -Ø | -at |
| erkə̑šne | -š | -Ø | -at |
| slow.down | -PST1 | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| erkə̑šnə̑šat, |
| erkə̑šnə̑ | -š | -at |
| erkə̑šne | -še | -at |
| slow.down | -PTCP.ACT | -and |
| vb2 | -ad | -enc |
|
| grammofon |
| grammofon |
| grammofon |
| record.player |
| no |
|
|
| sə̑lnə̑n |
| sə̑lnə̑n |
| sə̑lnə̑n |
| beautifully |
| av |
| sə̑lnə̑n |
| sə̑lnə̑ | -n |
| sə̑lne | -n |
| beautiful | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| joŋgalteš. |
| joŋgalt | -eš |
| joŋgalt | -eš |
| sound | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| joŋgalteš. |
| joŋg | -alt | -eš |
| joŋgo | -alt | -eš |
| sound | -REF | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -pers |
|
gramota 1
Gramotə̑lan tunemaš
| Gramotə̑lan |
| Gramotə̑lan |
| Gramotə̑lan |
| Gramotylan |
| na |
|
| tunemaš |
| tunem | -aš |
| tunem | -aš |
| learn | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gramota 2 (K. Vasin)
Gramotə̑m palem ə̑le gə̑n, toβatat, mo kidə̑š perna, č́ə̑la ludam ə̑le!
| Gramotə̑m |
| Gramot | -ə̑m |
| gramot | -m |
| literacy | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| palem |
| pal | -em |
| pale | -em |
| marking | -1SG |
| ad/no | -poss |
| palem |
| pal | -em |
| pale | -em |
| know | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| palem |
| palem | -Ø |
| palem | -Ø |
| become.noticeable | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| palem |
| palem | -Ø |
| palem | -Ø |
| become.noticeable | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| palem |
| palem | -Ø |
| palem | -Ø |
| become.noticeable | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| palem |
| pal | -em | -Ø |
| pale | -em | -Ø |
| marking | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad/no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| palem |
| pal | -em | -Ø |
| pale | -em | -Ø |
| marking | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad/no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| palem |
| pal | -em | -Ø |
| pale | -em | -Ø |
| marking | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad/no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| ə̑le |
| ə̑l | -'e |
| ul | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
|
| toβatat, |
| toβatat |
| toβatat |
| upon.my.word |
| av/pa |
| toβatat, |
| toβat | -at |
| toβat | -at |
| upon.my.word | -and |
| av/no/pa | -enc |
| toβatat, |
| toβat | -at |
| toβate | -at |
| tousle | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| toβatat, |
| toβat | -a | -t |
| toβate | -a | -at |
| tousle | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| toβatat, |
| toβa | -t | -at |
| toβa | -et | -at |
| oath | -2SG | -and |
| no | -poss | -enc |
| toβatat, |
| toβat | -Ø | -at |
| toβate | -Ø | -at |
| tousle | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
| mo |
| mo |
| mo |
| what |
| ad/av/pa/pr |
|
| kidə̑š |
| kid | -ə̑š |
| kid | -š |
| hand | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| perna, |
| pern | -a |
| perne | -a |
| strike.against | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| everything |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
| ludam |
| lud | -am |
| lud | -am |
| read | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| ludam |
| lu | -da | -m |
| lu | -da | -m |
| bone | -2PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| ludam |
| lu | -da | -m |
| lu | -da | -m |
| ten | -2PL | -ACC |
| nm | -poss | -case |
|
| ə̑le! |
| ə̑l | -'e |
| ul | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gramota 3
Poč́otnə̑j gramota
| Poč́otnə̑j |
| Poč́otnə̑j |
| poč́otnə̑j |
| honorable |
| ad |
|
|
gramota 4 (A. Erə̑kan)
Škol lüm dene gramotə̑mat kuč́ə̑kten puə̑mo.
|
|
|
|
| gramotə̑mat |
| gramot | -ə̑m | -at |
| gramot | -m | -at |
| literacy | -ACC | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
|
| kuč́ə̑kten |
| kuč́ə̑kt | -en | -Ø |
| kuč́ə̑kto | -en | -Ø |
| hand | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kuč́ə̑kten |
| kuč́ə̑kt | -en |
| kuč́ə̑kto | -en |
| hand | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| kuč́ə̑kten |
| kuč́ə̑ | -kt | -en | -Ø |
| kuč́o | -kte | -en | -Ø |
| hold | -CAUS | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| kuč́ə̑kten |
| kuč́ə̑ | -kt | -en |
| kuč́o | -kte | -en |
| hold | -CAUS | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| puə̑mo. |
| puə̑mo |
| puə̑mo |
| given |
| ad |
| puə̑mo. |
| puə̑ | -mo |
| puo | -me |
| give | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
| puə̑mo. |
| puə̑ | -mo |
| puo | -me |
| blow | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
gramota 5 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Tə̑j βizə̑mše klassə̑š poč́otnə̑j gramota dene βonč́enat.
|
|
| βizə̑mše |
| βizə̑mše |
| βizə̑mše |
| fifth |
| av/nm |
|
| klassə̑š |
| klass | -ə̑š |
| klass | -š |
| class | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| poč́otnə̑j |
| poč́otnə̑j |
| poč́otnə̑j |
| honorable |
| ad |
|
|
|
| βonč́enat. |
| βonč́ | -en | -at |
| βonč́o | -en | -at |
| cross | -PST2 | -2SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βonč́enat. |
| βonč́ | -ena | -t |
| βonč́o | -ena | -at |
| cross | -1PL | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| βonč́enat. |
| βonč́ | -en | -Ø | -at |
| βonč́o | -en | -Ø | -at |
| cross | -PST2 | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| βonč́enat. |
| βonč́ | -en | -at |
| βonč́o | -en | -at |
| cross | -CVB | -and |
| vb2 | -adv | -enc |
|
gramotan 1
Gramotan rβeze
| Gramotan |
| Gramotan |
| gramotan |
| literate |
| ad |
| Gramotan |
| Gramot | -an |
| gramot | -an |
| literacy | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| rβeze |
| rβeze |
| rβeze |
| young.man |
| ad/no |
|
gramotan 2 (M. Sergejeβ)
Tunam tudo gramotan ik jeŋlan šotlaltə̑n.
| Tunam |
| Tunam |
| tunam |
| then |
| av |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m |
| tuna | -m |
| heifer | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m |
| tuna | -em |
| heifer | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| Tunam |
| Tu | -na | -m |
| tu | -na | -m |
| that | -1PL | -ACC |
| pr | -poss | -case |
| Tunam |
| Tu | -na | -m |
| tu | -na | -m |
| gland | -1PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| Tunam |
| Tu | -na | -m |
| tu | -na | -m |
| banner | -1PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m | -Ø |
| tuna | -em | -Ø |
| heifer | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m | -Ø |
| tuna | -em | -Ø |
| heifer | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Tunam |
| Tuna | -m | -Ø |
| tuna | -em | -Ø |
| heifer | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
|
| gramotan |
| gramotan |
| gramotan |
| literate |
| ad |
| gramotan |
| gramot | -an |
| gramot | -an |
| literacy | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
| jeŋlan |
| jeŋ | -lan |
| jeŋ | -lan |
| person | -DAT |
| ad/no | -case |
| jeŋlan |
| jeŋ | -la | -n |
| jeŋ | -la | -n |
| person | -PL | -GEN |
| ad/no | -num | -case |
|
| šotlaltə̑n. |
| šotlalt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| šotlalt | -n | -Ø |
| number | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šotlaltə̑n. |
| šotlalt | -ə̑n |
| šotlalt | -n |
| number | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| šotlaltə̑n. |
| šotl | -alt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| šotlo | -alt | -n | -Ø |
| count | -REF | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| šotlaltə̑n. |
| šotl | -alt | -ə̑n |
| šotlo | -alt | -n |
| count | -REF | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
gramotdə̑mo 1
Gramotdə̑mo kuβa
| Gramotdə̑mo |
| Gramotdə̑mo |
| gramotdə̑mo |
| illiterate |
| ad |
| Gramotdə̑mo |
| Gramot | -də̑mo |
| gramot | -də̑me |
| literacy | -without |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| kuβa |
| kuβa |
| kuβa |
| old.woman |
| no |
| kuβa |
| kuβa |
| kuβa |
| reddish-brown |
| ad |
|
gramotdə̑mo 2 (A. Erə̑kan)
Vet listoβkə̑m me gə̑na ogə̑na lud, tudə̑m šagal gramotan-βlakat ludə̑t, južə̑žo gramotdə̑mo joltašlanat ludə̑n pua.
|
|
| listoβkə̑m |
| listoβkə̑ | -m |
| listoβko | -m |
| leaflet | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| ogə̑na |
| og | -ə̑na |
| og | -ə̑na |
| NEG | -1PL |
| vb | -pers |
|
| lud, |
| lud | -Ø |
| lud | -Ø |
| read | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lud, |
| lud | -Ø |
| lud | -Ø |
| read | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| lud, |
| lud | -Ø |
| lud | -Ø |
| read | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| tudə̑m |
| tudə̑m |
| tudə̑m |
| him/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑m |
| tudo | -m |
| tudo | -m |
| 3SG | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
| šagal |
| šagal |
| šagal |
| little |
| ad/av/no |
|
| gramotan-βlakat |
| gramotan | -βlak | -at |
| gramotan | -βlak | -at |
| literate | -PL | -and |
| ad | -num | -enc |
| gramotan-βlakat |
| gramot | -an | -βlak | -at |
| gramot | -an | -βlak | -at |
| literacy | -with | -PL | -and |
| no | -deriv.ad | -num | -enc |
|
| ludə̑t, |
| lud | -ə̑t |
| lud | -ə̑t |
| read | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| južə̑žo |
| južə̑žo |
| južə̑žo |
| some |
| pr |
| južə̑žo |
| južə̑ | -žo |
| južo | -že |
| some | -3SG |
| pr | -poss |
| južə̑žo |
| ju | -žə̑ | -žo |
| ju | -že | -že |
| magic | -3SG | -3SG |
| no | -poss | -poss |
| južə̑žo |
| ju | -žə̑ | -žo |
| ju | -že | -že |
| cool | -3SG | -3SG |
| no | -poss | -poss |
|
| gramotdə̑mo |
| gramotdə̑mo |
| gramotdə̑mo |
| illiterate |
| ad |
| gramotdə̑mo |
| gramot | -də̑mo |
| gramot | -də̑me |
| literacy | -without |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| joltašlanat |
| joltašl | -an | -at |
| joltašle | -an | -at |
| friendly | -with | -and |
| ad | -deriv.ad | -enc |
| joltašlanat |
| joltaš | -lan | -at |
| joltaš | -lan | -at |
| friend | -DAT | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
| joltašlanat |
| joltaš | -la | -na | -t |
| joltaš | -la | -na | -at |
| friend | -COMP | -1PL | -and |
| no | -case | -poss | -enc |
| joltašlanat |
| joltaš | -la | -na | -t |
| joltaš | -la | -na | -at |
| friend | -PL | -1PL | -and |
| no | -num | -poss | -enc |
| joltašlanat |
| joltaš | -la | -n | -at |
| joltaš | -la | -n | -at |
| friend | -PL | -GEN | -and |
| no | -num | -case | -enc |
|
| ludə̑n |
| ludə̑ | -n |
| ludo | -n |
| duck | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| ludə̑n |
| ludə̑ | -n |
| ludo | -n |
| gray | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| ludə̑n |
| lud | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lud | -n | -Ø |
| read | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| ludə̑n |
| lud | -ə̑n |
| lud | -n |
| read | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| pua. |
| pu | -a |
| puo | -a |
| give | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| pua. |
| pu | -a |
| puo | -a |
| blow | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑k 1
Tič́maš gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑k
| Tič́maš |
| Tič́maš |
| tič́maš |
| whole |
| ad/av/no |
|
| gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑k |
| gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑k |
| gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑k |
| illiteracy |
| no |
| gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑k |
| gramotdə̑mə̑ | -lə̑k |
| gramotdə̑mo | -lə̑k |
| illiterate | -for |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑k |
| gramot | -də̑mə̑ | -lə̑k |
| gramot | -də̑me | -lə̑k |
| literacy | -without | -for |
| no | -deriv.ad | -deriv.ad |
|
gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑k 2
Partij onč́ə̑lan (Lenin) gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑kə̑m pisə̑nrak pə̑taraš zadač́ə̑m šə̑nden.
| Partij |
| Partij |
| partij |
| party |
| no |
|
| onč́ə̑lan |
| onč́ə̑lan |
| onč́ə̑lan |
| in.front.of |
| av/po |
| onč́ə̑lan |
| onč́ə̑l | -an |
| onč́ə̑l | -an |
| front | -with |
| ad/no | -deriv.ad |
|
| (Lenin) |
| Lenin |
| Lenin |
| Lenin |
| na |
|
| gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑kə̑m |
| gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑k | -ə̑m |
| gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑k | -m |
| illiteracy | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑kə̑m |
| gramotdə̑mə̑ | -lə̑k | -ə̑m |
| gramotdə̑mo | -lə̑k | -m |
| illiterate | -for | -ACC |
| ad | -deriv.ad | -case |
| gramotdə̑mə̑lə̑kə̑m |
| gramot | -də̑mə̑ | -lə̑k | -ə̑m |
| gramot | -də̑me | -lə̑k | -m |
| literacy | -without | -for | -ACC |
| no | -deriv.ad | -deriv.ad | -case |
|
| pisə̑nrak |
| pisə̑n | -rak |
| pisə̑n | -rak |
| quickly | -COMP |
| av | -deg |
| pisə̑nrak |
| pisə̑ | -n | -rak |
| pise | -n | -rak |
| quick | -GEN | -COMP |
| ad | -case | -deg |
|
| pə̑taraš |
| pə̑tar | -aš |
| pə̑tare | -aš |
| finish | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| zadač́ə̑m |
| zadač́ə̑ | -m |
| zadač́e | -m |
| assignment | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šə̑nden. |
| šə̑nd | -en | -Ø |
| šə̑nde | -en | -Ø |
| put | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šə̑nden. |
| šə̑nd | -en |
| šə̑nde | -en |
| put | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gramotlə̑k 1 (A. Erə̑kan)
Sandene tidə̑m šuktaš tudlan gramotlə̑k küleš. Gramotlə̑k deč́ posna tudo ə̑nde ilen ok kert.
| Sandene |
| Sandene |
| sandene |
| therefore |
| co |
|
| tidə̑m |
| tidə̑ | -m |
| tide | -m |
| this | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
| šuktaš |
| šukt | -aš |
| šukto | -aš |
| succeed.in | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| šuktaš |
| šu | -kt | -aš |
| šu | -kte | -aš |
| reach | -CAUS | -INF |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -inf |
| šuktaš |
| šu | -kt | -aš |
| šu | -kte | -aš |
| ferment | -CAUS | -INF |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -inf |
| šuktaš |
| šu | -kt | -aš |
| šu | -kte | -aš |
| whittle | -CAUS | -INF |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -inf |
|
| tudlan |
| tud | -lan |
| tudo | -lan |
| 3SG | -DAT |
| pr | -case |
|
| gramotlə̑k |
| gramotlə̑k |
| gramotlə̑k |
| literacy |
| no |
| gramotlə̑k |
| gramot | -lə̑k |
| gramot | -lə̑k |
| literacy | -for |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| küleš. |
| küleš |
| küleš |
| need |
| ad/no |
| küleš. |
| kül | -eš |
| kül | -eš |
| be.necessary | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| Gramotlə̑k |
| Gramotlə̑k |
| gramotlə̑k |
| literacy |
| no |
| Gramotlə̑k |
| Gramot | -lə̑k |
| gramot | -lə̑k |
| literacy | -for |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
| posna |
| posna |
| posna |
| isolated |
| ad/av |
|
|
| ə̑nde |
| ə̑nde |
| ə̑nde |
| now |
| av/pa |
|
| ilen |
| il'e | -n |
| il'e | -n |
| damp | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| ilen |
| il | -en | -Ø |
| ile | -en | -Ø |
| live | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ilen |
| il | -en |
| ile | -en |
| live | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| ok |
| ok | -Ø |
| ok | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| swaddle | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| swaddle | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| swaddle | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gramotnost' 1
Reβol'ucij deč́ onč́ə̑č́ marij kalə̑kə̑n gramotnost'šo kugu lijə̑n ogə̑l.
| Reβol'ucij |
| Reβol'ucij |
| reβol'ucij |
| revolution |
| no |
|
|
| onč́ə̑č́ |
| onč́ə̑č́ |
| onč́ə̑č́ |
| from.in.front.of |
| av/po |
|
| marij |
| marij |
| marij |
| Mari |
| no |
|
| kalə̑kə̑n |
| kalə̑k | -ə̑n |
| kalə̑k | -n |
| people | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gramotnost'šo |
| gramotnost' | -šo |
| gramotnost' | -že |
| literacy | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| lijə̑n |
| lijə̑n |
| lijə̑n |
| as.a |
| po |
| lijə̑n |
| lij | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lij | -n | -Ø |
| be | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| lijə̑n |
| lij | -ə̑n |
| lij | -n |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ogə̑l. |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
gramotnə̑j 1
Gramotnə̑j serə̑š
| Gramotnə̑j |
| Gramotnə̑j |
| gramotnə̑j |
| literate |
| ad |
|
| serə̑š |
| serə̑š |
| serə̑š |
| letter |
| no |
| serə̑š |
| serə̑š |
| serə̑š |
| plot.of.land |
| no |
| serə̑š |
| ser | -ə̑š |
| ser | -š |
| shore | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| serə̑š |
| serə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| sere | -š | -Ø |
| write | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gramotnə̑j 2
gramotnə̑j jeŋ
| gramotnə̑j |
| gramotnə̑j |
| gramotnə̑j |
| literate |
| ad |
|
|
gramotnə̑j 3 (N. Lekajn)
Teβe Vaslij škežak βozen mošta. Tudo – č́ot gramotnə̑j.
| Teβe |
| Teβe |
| teβe |
| here |
| av/co/pa |
|
| Vaslij |
| Vaslij |
| Vaslij |
| Vasliy |
| na |
|
| škežak |
| škežak |
| škežak |
| original |
| av/no |
| škežak |
| ške | -ž | -ak |
| ške | -že | -ak |
| REFL | -3SG | -STR |
| pr | -poss | -enc |
|
| βozen |
| βoz | -en | -Ø |
| βozo | -en | -Ø |
| write | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βozen |
| βoz | -en |
| βozo | -en |
| write | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| mošta. |
| mošt | -a |
| mošto | -a |
| be.able.to | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| mošta. |
| mošt | -a |
| mošto | -a |
| become.tired | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
|
| gramotnə̑j. |
| gramotnə̑j |
| gramotnə̑j |
| literate |
| ad |
|
granat 1
Granat sok
| Granat |
| Granat |
| granat |
| pomegranate |
| no |
| Granat |
| Granat |
| granat |
| grenade |
| no |
|
|
granata 1 (I. Gromoβ)
Mə̑j dzot körgə̑škö granata poč́eš granatə̑m koltə̑šə̑m, rüšt-rüšt šoktə̑š.
|
|
| dzot |
| dzot |
| dzot |
| earth-and-timber.bunker |
| no |
|
| körgə̑škö |
| körgə̑škö |
| körgə̑škö |
| into |
| av/po |
| körgə̑škö |
| körgə̑ | -škö |
| körgö | -ške |
| inside | -ILL |
| ad/no | -case |
|
|
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| recent |
| ad/av/po |
| poč́eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| tail | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| poč́eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| open | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| granatə̑m |
| granat | -ə̑m |
| granat | -m |
| pomegranate | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| granatə̑m |
| granat | -ə̑m |
| granat | -m |
| grenade | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| koltə̑šə̑m, |
| koltə̑š | -ə̑m |
| koltə̑š | -m |
| conductivity | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| koltə̑šə̑m, |
| koltə̑šə̑ | -m |
| koltə̑šo | -m |
| sender | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
| koltə̑šə̑m, |
| koltə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| kolto | -š | -ə̑m |
| send | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| koltə̑šə̑m, |
| koltə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| kolto | -še | -m |
| send | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
| rüšt-rüšt |
| rüšt- | rüšt |
| rüšt | rüšt |
| X | X |
| de | de |
|
| šoktə̑š. |
| šoktə̑š |
| šoktə̑š |
| bran |
| no |
| šoktə̑š. |
| šoktə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| šokto | -š | -Ø |
| be.heard | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
granata 2 (N. Lekajn)
Ala-kön granata sβ'azka gusenica jə̑malan pudešte.
| Ala-kön |
| Ala-kö | -n |
| ala-kö | -n |
| somebody | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
|
|
|
| jə̑malan |
| jə̑malan |
| jə̑malan |
| down |
| av/po |
| jə̑malan |
| jə̑mal | -an |
| jə̑mal | -an |
| bottom | -with |
| ad/no | -deriv.ad |
|
| pudešte. |
| pudešt | -e |
| pudešt | -Je |
| burst | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
granit 1
Karelijə̑se granit
| Karelijə̑se |
| Karelij | -ə̑se |
| Karelij | -se |
| Karelia | -ADJ |
| pn | -deriv.ad |
|
| granit |
| granit |
| granit |
| granite |
| no |
|
granit 2 (V. Kosorotoβ)
A Maβzolej kürenalge-joškarge da šem granit dene ə̑štə̑me.
|
|
| Maβzolej |
| Maβzolej |
| maβzolej |
| mausoleum |
| no |
|
| kürenalge-joškarge |
| kürenalge-joškarge |
| kürenalge-joškarge |
| brownish.red |
| ad |
| kürenalge-joškarge |
| kürenalge-joškar | -ge |
| kürenalge-joškar | -ge |
| brownish.red | -COM |
| ad | -case |
|
|
|
| granit |
| granit |
| granit |
| granite |
| no |
|
|
| ə̑štə̑me. |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| done |
| ad |
| ə̑štə̑me. |
| ə̑štə̑ | -me |
| ə̑šte | -me |
| do | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
granit 3
Granit paḿatnik
| Granit |
| Granit |
| granit |
| granite |
| no |
|
| paḿatnik |
| paḿatnik |
| paḿatnik |
| monument |
| no |
|
granit 4 (M. Sergejeβ)
Paḿatnikə̑n granit postamentšə̑m marij tür dene sörastarə̑me.
| Paḿatnikə̑n |
| Paḿatnik | -ə̑n |
| paḿatnik | -n |
| monument | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| granit |
| granit |
| granit |
| granite |
| no |
|
| postamentšə̑m |
| postament | -šə̑ | -m |
| postament | -že | -m |
| pedestal | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| marij |
| marij |
| marij |
| Mari |
| no |
|
| tür |
| tür |
| tür |
| embroidery |
| no |
|
|
| sörastarə̑me. |
| sörastarə̑me |
| sörastarə̑me |
| decorated |
| ad |
| sörastarə̑me. |
| sörastarə̑ | -me |
| sörastare | -me |
| decorate | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
granit 5 (M. Kazakoβ)
Rüžgen nuno šinč́ə̑t adak part koklaš naukə̑n granitšə̑m tunemə̑n nalaš.
| Rüžgen |
| Rüžge | -n |
| rüžge | -n |
| together | -GEN |
| ad/av | -case |
| Rüžgen |
| Rüžg | -en | -Ø |
| rüžgö | -en | -Ø |
| make.noise | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| Rüžgen |
| Rüžg | -en |
| rüžgö | -en |
| make.noise | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
|
| šinč́ə̑t |
| šinč́ | -ə̑t |
| šinč́ | -ə̑t |
| sit.down | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
|
|
| koklaš |
| koklaš |
| koklaš |
| into |
| av/po |
| koklaš |
| kokla | -š |
| kokla | -š |
| distance | -ILL |
| ad/no | -case |
| koklaš |
| kokla | -š |
| kokla | -eš |
| distance | -LAT |
| ad/no | -case |
| koklaš |
| kok | -la | -š |
| kok | -la | -š |
| cook | -PL | -ILL |
| no | -num | -case |
| koklaš |
| kok | -la | -š |
| kok | -la | -š |
| two | -PL | -ILL |
| nm | -num | -case |
| koklaš |
| kok | -la | -š |
| kok | -la | -eš |
| cook | -PL | -LAT |
| no | -num | -case |
| koklaš |
| kok | -la | -š |
| kok | -la | -eš |
| two | -PL | -LAT |
| nm | -num | -case |
|
| naukə̑n |
| naukə̑ | -n |
| nauko | -n |
| science | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| granitšə̑m |
| granit | -šə̑ | -m |
| granit | -že | -m |
| granite | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| tunemə̑n |
| tunem | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tunem | -n | -Ø |
| learn | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tunemə̑n |
| tunem | -ə̑n |
| tunem | -n |
| learn | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| tunemə̑n |
| tu | -n | -em | -ə̑n |
| tu | -n | -em | -n |
| that | -GEN | -1SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case | -poss | -case |
| tunemə̑n |
| tu | -n | -em | -ə̑n |
| tu | -n | -em | -n |
| gland | -GEN | -1SG | -GEN |
| no | -case | -poss | -case |
| tunemə̑n |
| tu | -n | -em | -ə̑n |
| tu | -n | -em | -n |
| banner | -GEN | -1SG | -GEN |
| no | -case | -poss | -case |
|
| nalaš. |
| nal | -aš |
| nal | -aš |
| take | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
granica 1
Gosudarstβennə̑j granica
| Gosudarstβennə̑j |
| Gosudarstβennə̑j |
| gosudarstβennə̑j |
| state |
| ad |
|
|
granica 2 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Pojezd samə̑rə̑k patriotə̑m mündə̑r granicə̑š, Moskβa deč́ umbak č́ə̑mə̑kta.
| Pojezd |
| Pojezd |
| pojezd |
| train |
| no |
|
| samə̑rə̑k |
| samə̑rə̑k |
| samə̑rə̑k |
| young |
| ad/no |
|
| patriotə̑m |
| patriot | -ə̑m |
| patriot | -m |
| patriot | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| mündə̑r |
| mündə̑r |
| mündə̑r |
| distant |
| ad/av |
|
| granicə̑š, |
| granicə̑ | -š |
| granice | -š |
| border | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| Moskβa |
| Moskβa |
| Moskβa |
| Moscow |
| pn |
|
|
|
| č́ə̑mə̑kta. |
| č́ə̑mə̑kt | -a |
| č́ə̑mə̑kte | -a |
| tighten | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| č́ə̑mə̑kta. |
| č́ə̑mə̑ | -kt | -a |
| č́ə̑me | -kte | -a |
| tighten | -CAUS | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -pers |
|
granica 3 (M. Ul'janoβa)
Vladimir Il'ič́lan emigracijə̑šte granica βes βelne, jot ellašte šuko ij ilašə̑že logalə̑n.
| Vladimir |
| Vladimir |
| Vladimir |
| Vladimir |
| na |
|
| Il'ič́lan |
| Il'ič́lan |
| Il'ič́lan |
| Il'ichlan |
| na |
|
| emigracijə̑šte |
| emigracij | -ə̑šte |
| emigracij | -šte |
| emigration | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| βes |
| βes |
| βes |
| different |
| ad/pr |
|
| βelne, |
| βelne |
| βelne |
| on.the.side |
| po |
|
| jot |
| jot |
| jot |
| unfamiliar |
| ad/no |
|
| ellašte |
| el | -la | -šte |
| el | -la | -šte |
| land | -PL | -INE |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| šuko |
| šuko |
| šuko |
| a.lot |
| ad/av/no |
|
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| ij |
| ij | -Ø |
| ij | -Ø |
| swim | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ilašə̑že |
| il | -aš | -ə̑že |
| ile | -aš | -že |
| live | -INF | -3SG |
| vb2 | -inf | -poss |
|
| logalə̑n. |
| logal | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| logal | -n | -Ø |
| touch | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| logalə̑n. |
| logal | -ə̑n |
| logal | -n |
| touch | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
granka 1
Grankə̑m törlaš
| Grankə̑m |
| Grankə̑ | -m |
| granke | -m |
| proof | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| törlaš |
| törl | -aš |
| törlö | -aš |
| make.flat | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| törlaš |
| tör | -la | -š |
| tör | -la | -š |
| flat | -PL | -ILL |
| ad/av/no | -num | -case |
| törlaš |
| tör | -la | -š |
| tör | -la | -eš |
| flat | -PL | -LAT |
| ad/av/no | -num | -case |
|
granka 2 (V. Isenekoβ)
Tidə̑m βeskana βele umə̑lə̑šə̑m: tolšaš nomer al'manaχə̑n grankə̑žə̑m ludə̑n ulmaš, tekstə̑šte jomə̑n kodšo bukβam da moń törlen.
| Tidə̑m |
| Tidə̑ | -m |
| tide | -m |
| this | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
| βeskana |
| βeskana |
| βeskana |
| next.time |
| av |
|
| βele |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| βele |
| βel | -'e |
| βel | -Je |
| spill | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| βele |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| umə̑lə̑šə̑m: |
| umə̑lə̑šə̑ | -m |
| umə̑lə̑šo | -m |
| understanding | -ACC |
| ad | -case |
| umə̑lə̑šə̑m: |
| umə̑lə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| umə̑lo | -š | -ə̑m |
| understand | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| umə̑lə̑šə̑m: |
| umə̑lə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| umə̑lo | -še | -m |
| understand | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
| tolšaš |
| tolšaš |
| tolšaš |
| next |
| ad |
| tolšaš |
| tol | -šaš |
| tol | -šaš |
| come | -PTCP.FUT |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| nomer |
| nomer |
| nomer |
| number |
| no |
|
| al'manaχə̑n |
| al'manaχ | -ə̑n |
| al'manaχ | -n |
| almanac | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| grankə̑žə̑m |
| grankə̑ | -žə̑ | -m |
| granke | -že | -m |
| proof | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| ludə̑n |
| ludə̑ | -n |
| ludo | -n |
| duck | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| ludə̑n |
| ludə̑ | -n |
| ludo | -n |
| gray | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| ludə̑n |
| lud | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lud | -n | -Ø |
| read | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| ludə̑n |
| lud | -ə̑n |
| lud | -n |
| read | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ulmaš, |
| ulmaš |
| ulmaš |
| being |
| no/pa/vb |
| ulmaš, |
| ul | -maš |
| ul | -maš |
| be | -NMLZ |
| vb1 | -deriv.n |
|
| tekstə̑šte |
| tekst | -ə̑šte |
| tekst | -šte |
| text | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| jomə̑n |
| jom | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| jom | -n | -Ø |
| disappear | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| jomə̑n |
| jom | -ə̑n |
| jom | -n |
| disappear | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| kodšo |
| kodšo |
| kodšo |
| last |
| ad/no |
| kodšo |
| kod | -šo |
| kod | -še |
| stay | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| kodšo |
| kod | -šo |
| kod | -že |
| code | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| kodšo |
| kod | -šo |
| kod | -že |
| stay | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kodšo |
| kod | -Ø | -šo |
| kod | -Ø | -že |
| stay | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| kodšo |
| kod | -Ø | -šo |
| kod | -Ø | -že |
| stay | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
| bukβam |
| bukβa | -m |
| bukβa | -m |
| letter | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| bukβam |
| bukβa | -m |
| bukβa | -em |
| letter | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| bukβam |
| bukβa | -m | -Ø |
| bukβa | -em | -Ø |
| letter | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| bukβam |
| bukβa | -m | -Ø |
| bukβa | -em | -Ø |
| letter | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| bukβam |
| bukβa | -m | -Ø |
| bukβa | -em | -Ø |
| letter | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
|
| moń |
| moń |
| moń |
| and.the.like |
| pa |
|
| törlen. |
| törl | -en | -Ø |
| törlö | -en | -Ø |
| make.flat | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| törlen. |
| törl | -en |
| törlö | -en |
| make.flat | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
granuliroβatlaš 1
Kombikormam granuliroβatlaš
| Kombikormam |
| Kombikormam |
| Kombikormam |
| Kombikormam |
| na |
|
| granuliroβatlaš |
| granuliroβatl | -aš |
| granuliroβatle | -aš |
| granulate | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
granuliroβatlə̑me 1
Granuliroβatlə̑me üjaŋdə̑š
| Granuliroβatlə̑me |
| Granuliroβatlə̑me |
| granuliroβatlə̑me |
| granulated |
| ad |
| Granuliroβatlə̑me |
| Granuliroβatlə̑ | -me |
| granuliroβatle | -me |
| granulate | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| üjaŋdə̑š |
| üjaŋdə̑š |
| üjaŋdə̑š |
| fertilizer |
| no |
| üjaŋdə̑š |
| üjaŋdə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| üjaŋde | -š | -Ø |
| add.oil.to | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
granuliroβatlə̑me 2
granuliroβatlə̑me kombikorma
| granuliroβatlə̑me |
| granuliroβatlə̑me |
| granuliroβatlə̑me |
| granulated |
| ad |
| granuliroβatlə̑me |
| granuliroβatlə̑ | -me |
| granuliroβatle | -me |
| granulate | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| kombikorma |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
granuliroβatlə̑me 3
Jal ozanlə̑klan kalijnə̑j üjaŋdə̑šə̑m granuliroβatlə̑mə̑m da šoldə̑ra kristallanə̑m gə̑na koltaš.
|
|
| ozanlə̑klan |
| ozanlə̑k | -lan |
| ozanlə̑k | -lan |
| economy | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| ozanlə̑klan |
| ozanlə̑k | -la | -n |
| ozanlə̑k | -la | -n |
| economy | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
| ozanlə̑klan |
| oza | -n | -lə̑k | -lan |
| oza | -an | -lə̑k | -lan |
| owner | -with | -for | -DAT |
| no | -deriv.ad | -deriv.ad | -case |
| ozanlə̑klan |
| oza | -n | -lə̑k | -la | -n |
| oza | -an | -lə̑k | -la | -n |
| owner | -with | -for | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -deriv.ad | -deriv.ad | -num | -case |
|
| kalijnə̑j |
| kalijnə̑j |
| kalijnə̑j |
| potassium |
| ad |
|
| üjaŋdə̑šə̑m |
| üjaŋdə̑š | -ə̑m |
| üjaŋdə̑š | -m |
| fertilizer | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| üjaŋdə̑šə̑m |
| üjaŋdə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| üjaŋde | -š | -ə̑m |
| add.oil.to | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| üjaŋdə̑šə̑m |
| üjaŋdə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| üjaŋde | -še | -m |
| add.oil.to | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
| granuliroβatlə̑mə̑m |
| granuliroβatlə̑mə̑ | -m |
| granuliroβatlə̑me | -m |
| granulated | -ACC |
| ad | -case |
| granuliroβatlə̑mə̑m |
| granuliroβatlə̑ | -mə̑ | -m |
| granuliroβatle | -me | -m |
| granulate | -PTCP.PASS | -ACC |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
|
| šoldə̑ra |
| šoldə̑ra |
| šoldə̑ra |
| coarse |
| ad |
|
| kristallanə̑m |
| kristallan | -ə̑m |
| kristallan | -m |
| crystalline | -ACC |
| ad | -case |
| kristallanə̑m |
| kristall | -an | -ə̑m |
| kristall | -an | -m |
| crystal | -with | -ACC |
| no | -deriv.ad | -case |
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| koltaš. |
| kolt | -aš |
| kolto | -aš |
| send | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
graf 1 (A. Ajzenβort)
Pašaze-βlak zabastoβkə̑m ə̑štat, listoβkə̑m kə̑škat, graf Šeremeteβlan laskan ilaš erə̑kə̑m ogə̑t pu.
| Pašaze-βlak |
| Pašaze | -βlak |
| pašaze | -βlak |
| worker | -PL |
| ad/no | -num |
|
| zabastoβkə̑m |
| zabastoβkə̑ | -m |
| zabastoβko | -m |
| strike | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑štat, |
| ə̑ | -š | -t | -at |
| ə̑ | -š | -t | -at |
| NEG | -PST | -3PL | -and |
| vb | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| ə̑štat, |
| ə̑št | -at |
| ə̑šte | -at |
| do | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| ə̑štat, |
| ə̑št | -a | -t |
| ə̑šte | -a | -at |
| do | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| ə̑štat, |
| ə̑št | -Ø | -at |
| ə̑šte | -Ø | -at |
| do | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
| listoβkə̑m |
| listoβkə̑ | -m |
| listoβko | -m |
| leaflet | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kə̑škat, |
| kə̑šk | -at |
| kə̑ške | -at |
| throw | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| kə̑škat, |
| kə̑šk | -a | -t |
| kə̑ške | -a | -at |
| throw | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| kə̑škat, |
| kə̑šk | -Ø | -at |
| kə̑ške | -Ø | -at |
| throw | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
|
| Šeremeteβlan |
| Šeremeteβlan |
| Šeremeteβlan |
| Sheremetevlan |
| na |
|
| laskan |
| laskan |
| laskan |
| tenderly |
| av |
| laskan |
| laska | -n |
| laska | -an |
| affectionate | -with |
| ad/no | -deriv.ad |
| laskan |
| laska | -n |
| laska | -n |
| affectionate | -GEN |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| ilaš |
| il | -aš |
| ile | -aš |
| live | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| erə̑kə̑m |
| erə̑k | -ə̑m |
| erə̑k | -m |
| freedom | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| ogə̑t |
| og | -ə̑t |
| og | -ə̑t |
| NEG | -3PL |
| vb | -pers |
| ogə̑t |
| og | -ə̑t |
| og | -ə̑t |
| NEG | -2SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| pu. |
| pu | -Ø |
| puo | -Ø |
| give | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| pu. |
| pu | -Ø |
| puo | -Ø |
| blow | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| pu. |
| pu | -Ø |
| puo | -Ø |
| give | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| pu. |
| pu | -Ø |
| puo | -Ø |
| blow | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
grafa 1 (D. Oraj)
– Mə̑ńar imne, mə̑ńar traktor kuralmašte, manat? Tidə̑m tože kalasen om kert. Tə̑gaj grafa sβodkə̑što eše ə̑štə̑me ogə̑l! – ojla Ṕotr Vasil'jeβič́.
| Mə̑ńar |
| Mə̑ńar |
| mə̑ńar |
| how.many |
| av/co/pr |
|
|
| mə̑ńar |
| mə̑ńar |
| mə̑ńar |
| how.many |
| av/co/pr |
|
| traktor |
| traktor |
| traktor |
| tractor |
| no |
|
| kuralmašte, |
| kuralmaš | -te |
| kuralmaš | -šte |
| ploughing | -INE |
| no | -case |
| kuralmašte, |
| kural | -maš | -te |
| kural | -maš | -šte |
| plough | -NMLZ | -INE |
| vb1 | -deriv.n | -case |
|
| manat? |
| man | -at |
| man | -at |
| well.I.never | -and |
| pa | -enc |
| manat? |
| man | -at |
| man | -at |
| that | -and |
| co | -enc |
| manat? |
| man | -at |
| man | -at |
| say | -2SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| manat? |
| man | -Ø | -at |
| man | -Ø | -at |
| say | -CNG | -and |
| vb1 | -conn | -enc |
| manat? |
| man | -Ø | -at |
| man | -Ø | -at |
| say | -CVB | -and |
| vb1 | -adv | -enc |
|
| Tidə̑m |
| Tidə̑ | -m |
| tide | -m |
| this | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
|
| kalasen |
| kalas | -en | -Ø |
| kalase | -en | -Ø |
| say | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kalasen |
| kalas | -en |
| kalase | -en |
| say | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| om |
| o | -m |
| o | -m |
| NEG | -1SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| swaddle | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| swaddle | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| be.able.to | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| kert. |
| kert | -Ø |
| kert | -Ø |
| swaddle | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| Tə̑gaj |
| Tə̑gaj |
| tə̑gaj |
| such |
| ad/av/no/pr |
|
| grafa |
| grafa |
| grafa |
| column |
| no |
|
| sβodkə̑što |
| sβodkə̑ | -što |
| sβodko | -šte |
| report | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| eše |
| eše | -Ø |
| eše | -Ø |
| fall.heavily | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| eše |
| eše | -Ø |
| eše | -Ø |
| fall.heavily | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| done |
| ad |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑ | -me |
| ə̑šte | -me |
| do | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| ogə̑l! – |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
| ojla |
| oj | -la |
| oj | -la |
| opinion | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| ojla |
| oj | -la |
| oj | -la |
| opinion | -PL |
| no | -num |
| ojla |
| oj | -la |
| oj | -la |
| opinion | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| ojla |
| oj | -la |
| oj | -la |
| oh | -STR |
| in | -enc |
| ojla |
| ojl | -a |
| ojlo | -a |
| talk | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| ojla |
| oj | -Ø | -la |
| ojo | -Ø | -la |
| fast | -CNG | -STR |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
| ojla |
| oj | -Ø | -la |
| ojo | -Ø | -la |
| fear | -CNG | -STR |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
|
| Vasil'jeβič́. |
| Vasil'jeβič́ |
| Vasil'jeβič́ |
| Vasil'yevich |
| na |
|
grafik I 1
Samol'ot č́oŋeštə̑me grafik
| Samol'ot |
| Samol'ot |
| samol'ot |
| airplane |
| no |
|
| č́oŋeštə̑me |
| č́oŋeštə̑ | -me |
| č́oŋešte | -me |
| fly | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| grafik |
| grafik |
| grafik |
| schedule |
| no |
| grafik |
| grafik |
| grafik |
| graphic.artist |
| no |
|
grafik I 2
paša grafik
|
|
| grafik |
| grafik |
| grafik |
| schedule |
| no |
| grafik |
| grafik |
| grafik |
| graphic.artist |
| no |
|
grafik I 3 (P. Korniloβ)
Grafik poč́eš tide tə̑lzə̑šte mə̑lanna uškal ašnə̑me ceχə̑m, lüštə̑mö blokə̑m leβedə̑š jə̑mak purtaš küleš.
| Grafik |
| Grafik |
| grafik |
| schedule |
| no |
| Grafik |
| Grafik |
| grafik |
| graphic.artist |
| no |
|
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| recent |
| ad/av/po |
| poč́eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| tail | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| poč́eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| open | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| tide |
| tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| tide |
| tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| tə̑lzə̑šte |
| tə̑lzə̑ | -šte |
| tə̑lze | -šte |
| moon | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| mə̑lanna |
| mə̑ | -lan | -na |
| me | -lan | -na |
| 1PL | -DAT | -1PL |
| pr | -case | -poss |
|
|
| ašnə̑me |
| ašnə̑me |
| ašnə̑me |
| domestic |
| ad |
| ašnə̑me |
| ašnə̑ | -me |
| ašne | -me |
| keep | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| ceχə̑m, |
| ceχ | -ə̑m |
| ceχ | -m |
| work.hall | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| lüštə̑mö |
| lüštə̑mö |
| lüštə̑mö |
| milking |
| ad |
| lüštə̑mö |
| lüštə̑ | -mö |
| lüštö | -me |
| milk | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| blokə̑m |
| blok | -ə̑m |
| blok | -m |
| bloc | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| blokə̑m |
| blok | -ə̑m |
| blok | -m |
| pulley | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| leβedə̑š |
| leβedə̑š |
| leβedə̑š |
| blanket |
| no |
|
| jə̑mak |
| jə̑mak |
| jə̑mak |
| down |
| av/po |
| jə̑mak |
| jə̑m | -a | -k |
| jə̑me | -a | -ak |
| be.blinded | -3SG | -STR |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| jə̑mak |
| jə̑m | -Ø | -ak |
| jə̑me | -Ø | -ak |
| be.blinded | -CNG | -STR |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
| purtaš |
| purtaš |
| purtaš |
| swelling |
| no |
| purtaš |
| purt | -aš |
| purto | -aš |
| bring.in | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| küleš. |
| küleš |
| küleš |
| need |
| ad/no |
| küleš. |
| kül | -eš |
| kül | -eš |
| be.necessary | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
grafik I 4
Pə̑rdə̑žə̑šte dežuritlə̑me grafik keč́a.
| Pə̑rdə̑žə̑šte |
| Pə̑rdə̑ž | -ə̑šte |
| pə̑rdə̑ž | -šte |
| wall | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| dežuritlə̑me |
| dežuritlə̑me |
| dežuritlə̑me |
| duty |
| ad |
| dežuritlə̑me |
| dežuritlə̑ | -me |
| dežuritle | -me |
| be.on.duty | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| grafik |
| grafik |
| grafik |
| schedule |
| no |
| grafik |
| grafik |
| grafik |
| graphic.artist |
| no |
|
| keč́a. |
| keč́ | -a |
| keč́e | -a |
| hang | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
grafik II 1
Kumdan palə̑me grafik
| Kumdan |
| Kumdan |
| kumdan |
| widely |
| av |
| Kumdan |
| Kumda | -n |
| kumda | -an |
| wide | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| Kumdan |
| Kumda | -n |
| kumda | -n |
| wide | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| Kumdan |
| Kum | -da | -n |
| kum | -da | -n |
| godfather.of.one's.child | -2PL | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -case |
| Kumdan |
| Kum | -da | -n |
| kum | -da | -n |
| three | -2PL | -GEN |
| nm | -poss | -case |
|
| palə̑me |
| palə̑me |
| palə̑me |
| known |
| ad |
| palə̑me |
| palə̑ | -me |
| pale | -me |
| know | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| grafik |
| grafik |
| grafik |
| schedule |
| no |
| grafik |
| grafik |
| grafik |
| graphic.artist |
| no |
|
grafik II 2
grafik-βlakə̑n βə̑staβkə̑št
| grafik-βlakə̑n |
| grafik | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| grafik | -βlak | -n |
| schedule | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
| grafik-βlakə̑n |
| grafik | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| grafik | -βlak | -n |
| graphic.artist | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| βə̑staβkə̑št |
| βə̑staβkə̑ | -št |
| βə̑staβke | -št |
| exhibition | -3PL |
| no | -poss |
|
grafika I 1
Grafika dene zanimatlaš
| Grafika |
| Grafika |
| Grafika |
| Grafika |
| na |
|
|
| zanimatlaš |
| zanimatl | -aš |
| zanimatle | -aš |
| study | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
grafika II 1
Grafika užašə̑šte marij alfaβit dene, bukβa da jük koklase kə̑l dene palə̑me lijə̑na.
| Grafika |
| Grafika |
| Grafika |
| Grafika |
| na |
|
| užašə̑šte |
| užaš | -ə̑šte |
| užaš | -šte |
| part | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| marij |
| marij |
| marij |
| Mari |
| no |
|
| alfaβit |
| alfaβit |
| alfaβit |
| alphabet |
| no |
|
|
| bukβa |
| bukβa |
| bukβa |
| letter |
| no |
|
|
|
| koklase |
| koklase |
| koklase |
| between |
| ad |
| koklase |
| kokla | -se |
| kokla | -se |
| distance | -ADJ |
| ad/no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
|
| palə̑me |
| palə̑me |
| palə̑me |
| known |
| ad |
| palə̑me |
| palə̑ | -me |
| pale | -me |
| know | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| lijə̑na. |
| lij | -ə̑na |
| lij | -na |
| be | -1PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
grafin 1
Vüdan grafin
| Vüdan |
| Vüdan |
| βüdan |
| containing.water |
| ad |
| Vüdan |
| Vüd | -an |
| βüd | -an |
| water | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| grafin |
| grafin |
| grafin |
| decanter |
| no |
|
grafin 2 (V. Iβanoβ)
Kožlajeβ grafin gə̑č́ βüdə̑m temə̑š da üdə̑rlan šujaltə̑š.
| Kožlajeβ |
| Kožlajeβ |
| Kožlajeβ |
| Kozhlayev |
| na |
|
| grafin |
| grafin |
| grafin |
| decanter |
| no |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| βüdə̑m |
| βüd | -ə̑m |
| βüd | -m |
| water | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| temə̑š |
| temə̑š |
| temə̑š |
| X |
| no |
| temə̑š |
| temə̑š |
| temə̑š |
| sense.of.sufficiency |
| no |
| temə̑š |
| temə̑ | -š |
| teme | -š |
| subject | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| temə̑š |
| temə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| teme | -š | -Ø |
| fill | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
|
| üdə̑rlan |
| üdə̑r | -lan |
| üdə̑r | -lan |
| daughter | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| üdə̑rlan |
| üdə̑r | -lan |
| üdə̑r | -lan |
| Virgo | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| üdə̑rlan |
| üdə̑r | -la | -n |
| üdə̑r | -la | -n |
| daughter | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
| üdə̑rlan |
| üdə̑r | -la | -n |
| üdə̑r | -la | -n |
| Virgo | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| šujaltə̑š. |
| šujaltə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| šujalte | -š | -Ø |
| stretch.out | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
grafińa 1
Samə̑rə̑k grafińa
| Samə̑rə̑k |
| Samə̑rə̑k |
| samə̑rə̑k |
| young |
| ad/no |
|
|
grafit 1
Karandašlə̑k grafit
| Karandašlə̑k |
| Karandaš | -lə̑k |
| karandaš | -lə̑k |
| pencil | -for |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| grafit |
| grafit |
| grafit |
| graphite |
| no |
|
grafič́eskij 1
Grafič́eskij iskusstβo
| Grafič́eskij |
| Grafič́eskij |
| grafič́eskij |
| graphic |
| ad |
|
| iskusstβo |
| iskusstβo |
| iskusstβo |
| art |
| no |
|
grafič́eskij 2
grafič́eskij süret
| grafič́eskij |
| grafič́eskij |
| grafič́eskij |
| graphic |
| ad |
|
| süret |
| süret |
| süret |
| painting |
| no |
|
grafič́eskij 3 (Z. Katkoβa)
Tek grafič́eskij ekspertiza ške zakl'uč́enijžə̑m pua.
|
|
| grafič́eskij |
| grafič́eskij |
| grafič́eskij |
| graphic |
| ad |
|
| ekspertiza |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
|
| zakl'uč́enijžə̑m |
| zakl'uč́enij | -žə̑ | -m |
| zakl'uč́enij | -že | -m |
| confinement | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| pua. |
| pu | -a |
| puo | -a |
| give | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| pua. |
| pu | -a |
| puo | -a |
| blow | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
grejder 1
U grejder
|
|
| grejder |
| grejder |
| grejder |
| grader |
| no |
|
grejder 2 («Mar. kom.»)
Nasə̑ṕə̑m ə̑štə̑mašte kugu βijan bul'dozer-βlakə̑m, grejderə̑m, skreperə̑m kuč́ə̑ltə̑t.
| Nasə̑ṕə̑m |
| Nasə̑ṕə̑m |
| Nasə̑ṕə̑m |
| Nasyṕym |
| na |
|
| ə̑štə̑mašte |
| ə̑štə̑maš | -te |
| ə̑štə̑maš | -šte |
| doing | -INE |
| no | -case |
| ə̑štə̑mašte |
| ə̑štə̑ | -maš | -te |
| ə̑šte | -maš | -šte |
| do | -NMLZ | -INE |
| vb2 | -deriv.n | -case |
|
|
| βijan |
| βijan |
| βijan |
| strong |
| ad/av |
| βijan |
| βij | -an |
| βij | -an |
| power | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| bul'dozer-βlakə̑m, |
| bul'dozer | -βlak | -ə̑m |
| bul'dozer | -βlak | -m |
| bulldozer | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| grejderə̑m, |
| grejder | -ə̑m |
| grejder | -m |
| grader | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| skreperə̑m |
| skreper | -ə̑m |
| skreper | -m |
| earth-moving.machine | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kuč́ə̑ltə̑t. |
| kuč́ə̑lt | -ə̑t |
| kuč́ə̑lt | -ə̑t |
| hold | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
grek 1
Krə̑mə̑šte molo kalə̑k-βlak dene pə̑rl'a grek-βlakat ilat.
| Krə̑mə̑šte |
| Krə̑m | -ə̑šte |
| Krə̑m | -šte |
| Crimea | -INE |
| pn | -case |
|
| molo |
| molo |
| molo |
| other |
| no/pr |
|
| kalə̑k-βlak |
| kalə̑k | -βlak |
| kalə̑k | -βlak |
| people | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
|
| pə̑rl'a |
| pə̑rl'a |
| pə̑rl'a |
| together |
| ad/av |
|
| grek-βlakat |
| grek | -βlak | -at |
| grek | -βlak | -at |
| Greek | -PL | -and |
| no | -num | -enc |
|
| ilat. |
| il | -at |
| ile | -at |
| live | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| ilat. |
| il | -a | -t |
| ile | -a | -at |
| live | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| ilat. |
| il | -Ø | -at |
| ile | -Ø | -at |
| live | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
grek 2
Grek iskusstβo
|
|
| iskusstβo |
| iskusstβo |
| iskusstβo |
| art |
| no |
|
grek 3 (A. Bik)
Tə̑šte (gimnazijə̑šte) jumə̑n zakonə̑m, latin da grek jə̑lmə̑m zubritlenə̑t.
| Tə̑šte |
| Tə̑šte |
| tə̑šte |
| here |
| av/pr |
| Tə̑šte |
| Tə̑š | -te |
| tə̑š | -šte |
| here | -INE |
| av/pr | -case |
|
| (gimnazijə̑šte) |
| gimnazij | -ə̑šte |
| gimnazij | -šte |
| secondary.school | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| jumə̑n |
| jum | -ə̑n |
| jum | -n |
| horsehair.worm | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| jumə̑n |
| jumə̑ | -n |
| jumo | -n |
| god | -GEN |
| in/no | -case |
|
| zakonə̑m, |
| zakon | -ə̑m |
| zakon | -m |
| law | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| latin |
| latin |
| latin |
| Latin |
| no |
|
|
|
| jə̑lmə̑m |
| jə̑lmə̑ | -m |
| jə̑lme | -m |
| tongue | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| zubritlenə̑t. |
| zubritl | -en | -ə̑t |
| zubritle | -en | -ə̑t |
| learn.by.rote | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
grelka 1
Šokšo grelka
| Šokšo |
| Šokšo |
| šokšo |
| heat |
| ad/no |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -šo |
| šokt | -še |
| sift | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -šo |
| šok | -že |
| shock | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -šo |
| šokt | -že |
| sift | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -Ø | -šo |
| šokt | -Ø | -že |
| sift | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -Ø | -šo |
| šokt | -Ø | -že |
| sift | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
|
grelka 2 (A. Erə̑kan)
Šokšo šörə̑m jükten, grelka dene ə̑rə̑kten, pə̑kše jol ümbak šogaltə̑št.
| Šokšo |
| Šokšo |
| šokšo |
| heat |
| ad/no |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -šo |
| šokt | -še |
| sift | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -šo |
| šok | -že |
| shock | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -šo |
| šokt | -že |
| sift | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -Ø | -šo |
| šokt | -Ø | -že |
| sift | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| Šokšo |
| Šok | -Ø | -šo |
| šokt | -Ø | -že |
| sift | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
| šörə̑m |
| šör | -ə̑m |
| šör | -m |
| milk | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| šörə̑m |
| šör | -ə̑m |
| šör | -m |
| edge | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| jükten, |
| jükt | -en | -Ø |
| jüktö | -en | -Ø |
| give.to.drink | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| jükten, |
| jükt | -en | -Ø |
| jüktö | -en | -Ø |
| read.out.loud | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| jükten, |
| jükt | -en |
| jüktö | -en |
| give.to.drink | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| jükten, |
| jükt | -en |
| jüktö | -en |
| read.out.loud | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| jükten, |
| jü | -kt | -en | -Ø |
| jü | -kte | -en | -Ø |
| drink | -CAUS | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| jükten, |
| jü | -kt | -en |
| jü | -kte | -en |
| drink | -CAUS | -CVB |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
|
|
| ə̑rə̑kten, |
| ə̑rə̑kt | -en | -Ø |
| ə̑rə̑kte | -en | -Ø |
| warm | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑rə̑kten, |
| ə̑rə̑kt | -en |
| ə̑rə̑kte | -en |
| warm | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| ə̑rə̑kten, |
| ə̑rə̑ | -kt | -en | -Ø |
| ə̑re | -kte | -en | -Ø |
| warm.up | -CAUS | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑rə̑kten, |
| ə̑rə̑ | -kt | -en |
| ə̑re | -kte | -en |
| warm.up | -CAUS | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| pə̑kše |
| pə̑kše |
| pə̑kše |
| barely |
| av |
|
|
| ümbak |
| ümbak |
| ümbak |
| the.top |
| av/po |
|
| šogaltə̑št. |
| šogaltə̑ | -št |
| šogalte | -št |
| put | -IMP.3PL |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šogaltə̑št. |
| šogaltə̑ | -š | -t |
| šogalte | -š | -t |
| put | -PST1 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šogaltə̑št. |
| šog | -alt | -ə̑št |
| šogo | -alt | -št |
| stand | -REF | -IMP.3PL |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
|
greč́anka 1 (V. Iβanoβ)
Sβeta, šij oŋgə̑r gaj jüketə̑m om kol gə̑n, greč́anka gaj tüsetə̑m om už gə̑n, omem jomdarem, škanem βerə̑m om mu.
| Sβeta, |
| Sβeta |
| Sβeta |
| Sveta |
| na |
|
| šij |
| šij | -Ø |
| šij | -Ø |
| thresh | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| šij |
| šij | -Ø |
| šij | -Ø |
| blow | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| šij |
| šij | -Ø |
| šij | -Ø |
| thresh | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| šij |
| šij | -Ø |
| šij | -Ø |
| blow | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| šij |
| šij | -Ø |
| šij | -Ø |
| thresh | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| šij |
| šij | -Ø |
| šij | -Ø |
| blow | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| oŋgə̑r |
| oŋgə̑r |
| oŋgə̑r |
| bell |
| no |
|
| gaj |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
| jüketə̑m |
| jük | -et | -ə̑m |
| jük | -et | -m |
| voice | -2SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| om |
| o | -m |
| o | -m |
| NEG | -1SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| kol |
| kol | -Ø |
| kol | -Ø |
| hear | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kol |
| kol | -Ø |
| kol | -Ø |
| hear | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| kol |
| kol | -Ø |
| kol | -Ø |
| hear | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
|
| greč́anka |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| gaj |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
| tüsetə̑m |
| tüs | -et | -ə̑m |
| tüs | -et | -m |
| color | -2SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| om |
| o | -m |
| o | -m |
| NEG | -1SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| už |
| u | -ž |
| u | -že |
| new | -3SG |
| ad/no | -poss |
| už |
| u | -ž |
| u | -že |
| oh | -3SG |
| in | -poss |
| už |
| už | -Ø |
| už | -Ø |
| see | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| už |
| už | -Ø |
| už | -Ø |
| see | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| už |
| už | -Ø |
| už | -Ø |
| see | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| už |
| u | -Ø | -ž |
| uo | -Ø | -že |
| take.care.of | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb2 | -conn | -poss |
| už |
| u | -Ø | -ž |
| uo | -Ø | -že |
| stroke | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb2 | -conn | -poss |
|
|
| omem |
| om | -em |
| om | -em |
| ohm | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| omem |
| om | -em |
| omo | -em |
| sleep | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| omem |
| om | -em | -Ø |
| om | -em | -Ø |
| ohm | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| omem |
| om | -em | -Ø |
| omo | -em | -Ø |
| sleep | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| omem |
| om | -em | -Ø |
| om | -em | -Ø |
| ohm | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| omem |
| om | -em | -Ø |
| omo | -em | -Ø |
| sleep | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| omem |
| om | -em | -Ø |
| om | -em | -Ø |
| ohm | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
| omem |
| om | -em | -Ø |
| omo | -em | -Ø |
| sleep | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| jomdarem, |
| jomdar | -em |
| jomdare | -em |
| misplace | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| škanem |
| šk | -an | -em |
| ške | -lan | -em |
| REFL | -DAT | -1SG |
| pr | -case | -poss |
| škanem |
| škan | -em |
| škan | -em |
| for.oneself | -1SG |
| pr | -poss |
| škanem |
| škan | -em | -Ø |
| škan | -em | -Ø |
| for.oneself | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| pr | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| škanem |
| škan | -em | -Ø |
| škan | -em | -Ø |
| for.oneself | -TRANS | -CNG |
| pr | -deriv.v | -conn |
| škanem |
| škan | -em | -Ø |
| škan | -em | -Ø |
| for.oneself | -TRANS | -CVB |
| pr | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| βerə̑m |
| βer | -ə̑m |
| βer | -m |
| place | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| om |
| o | -m |
| o | -m |
| NEG | -1SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| mu. |
| mu | -Ø |
| mu | -Ø |
| find | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| mu. |
| mu | -Ø |
| mu | -Ø |
| find | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| mu. |
| mu | -Ø |
| mu | -Ø |
| find | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
grim 1 (M. Šketan)
Vač́aj den Šamraj, grimə̑m nalə̑n šogalə̑n, artistmə̑tə̑n šinč́agomdə̑šə̑štə̑m, nerə̑štə̑m, saŋgaštə̑m šememdə̑lə̑t, šürgə̑štə̑m č́eβertə̑lə̑t, gummiarabik dene, kollodij dene pondašə̑m pižə̑ktə̑lə̑t.
| Vač́aj |
| Vač́aj |
| Vač́aj |
| Vachay |
| na |
|
|
| Šamraj, |
| Šamraj |
| Šamraj |
| Shamray |
| na |
|
| grimə̑m |
| grim | -ə̑m |
| grim | -m |
| theater.makeup | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| nalə̑n |
| nal | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| nal | -n | -Ø |
| take | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| nalə̑n |
| nal | -ə̑n |
| nal | -n |
| take | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| šogalə̑n, |
| šogal | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| šogal | -n | -Ø |
| stand.up | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šogalə̑n, |
| šogal | -ə̑n |
| šogal | -n |
| stand.up | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| artistmə̑tə̑n |
| artist | -mə̑t | -ə̑n |
| artist | -mə̑t | -n |
| artist | -PL.SOC | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| šinč́agomdə̑šə̑štə̑m, |
| šinč́agomdə̑š | -ə̑št | -ə̑m |
| šinč́agomdə̑š | -št | -m |
| eyelid | -3PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| nerə̑štə̑m, |
| ner | -ə̑št | -ə̑m |
| ner | -št | -m |
| nose | -3PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| saŋgaštə̑m |
| saŋga | -št | -ə̑m |
| saŋga | -št | -m |
| forehead | -3PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| šememdə̑lə̑t, |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| šürgə̑štə̑m |
| šürgə̑ | -št | -ə̑m |
| šürgö | -št | -m |
| face | -3PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| šürgə̑štə̑m |
| šürgə̑ | -št | -ə̑m |
| šürgö | -št | -m |
| forest | -3PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| č́eβertə̑lə̑t, |
| č́eβertə̑l | -ə̑t |
| č́eβertə̑l | -ə̑t |
| make.red | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| gummiarabik |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
|
|
|
| pondašə̑m |
| pondaš | -ə̑m |
| pondaš | -m |
| beard | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| pižə̑ktə̑lə̑t. |
| pižə̑ktə̑l | -ə̑t |
| pižə̑ktə̑l | -ə̑t |
| hook | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
grimiroβatlaltaš 1
Scenə̑š lekme deč́ onč́ə̑č́ grimiroβatlaltaš
| Scenə̑š |
| Scenə̑ | -š |
| scene | -š |
| stage | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| lekme |
| lek | -me |
| lekt | -me |
| go | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
|
| onč́ə̑č́ |
| onč́ə̑č́ |
| onč́ə̑č́ |
| from.in.front.of |
| av/po |
|
| grimiroβatlaltaš |
| grimiroβatlalt | -aš |
| grimiroβatlalt | -aš |
| put.on.theater.makeup | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| grimiroβatlaltaš |
| grimiroβatl | -alt | -aš |
| grimiroβatle | -alt | -aš |
| apply.theater.makeup | -REF | -INF |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -inf |
|
grimiroβatlaš 1
Šürgə̑m grimiroβatlaš
| Šürgə̑m |
| Šürgə̑ | -m |
| šürgö | -m |
| face | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| Šürgə̑m |
| Šürgə̑ | -m |
| šürgö | -m |
| forest | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| grimiroβatlaš |
| grimiroβatl | -aš |
| grimiroβatle | -aš |
| apply.theater.makeup | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
grimiroβatlaš 2 (V. Iβanoβ)
– Grimiroβatlaš tüŋalə̑na, – turgə̑žlanaš ogə̑l manə̑n, ške artist-βlakem scena šeŋgelse pölemə̑š naŋgajə̑šə̑m.
| Grimiroβatlaš |
| Grimiroβatl | -aš |
| grimiroβatle | -aš |
| apply.theater.makeup | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| tüŋalə̑na, – |
| tüŋal | -ə̑na |
| tüŋal | -na |
| start | -1PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| turgə̑žlanaš |
| turgə̑žlan | -aš |
| turgə̑žlane | -aš |
| worry | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| ogə̑l |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
| manə̑n, |
| manə̑n |
| manə̑n |
| that |
| co |
| manə̑n, |
| man | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| man | -n | -Ø |
| say | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| manə̑n, |
| man | -ə̑n |
| man | -n |
| say | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
|
| artist-βlakem |
| artist | -βlak | -em |
| artist | -βlak | -em |
| artist | -PL | -1SG |
| no | -num | -poss |
|
|
|
| pölemə̑š |
| pölem | -ə̑š |
| pölem | -š |
| room | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| naŋgajə̑šə̑m. |
| naŋgajə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| naŋgaje | -š | -ə̑m |
| take | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| naŋgajə̑šə̑m. |
| naŋgajə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| naŋgaje | -še | -m |
| take | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
gripp 1
Gripp dene č́erlanaš
| Gripp |
| Gripp |
| gripp |
| influenza |
| no |
|
|
| č́erlanaš |
| č́erlan | -aš |
| č́erlane | -aš |
| fall.ill | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gripp 2 («Mar. kom.»)
Gripp – βaške pižše, kumdan šarlə̑še č́er.
| Gripp – |
| Gripp |
| gripp |
| influenza |
| no |
|
| βaške |
| βaške |
| βaške |
| soon |
| ad/av/no |
| βaške |
| βaške | -Ø |
| βaške | -Ø |
| hurry | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| βaške |
| βaške | -Ø |
| βaške | -Ø |
| hurry | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| pižše, |
| pižše |
| pižše |
| sticky |
| ad |
| pižše, |
| piž | -še |
| piž | -še |
| stick | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| pižše, |
| piž | -še |
| piž | -že |
| mitten | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| pižše, |
| piž | -še |
| piž | -že |
| stick | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| pižše, |
| piž | -Ø | -še |
| piž | -Ø | -že |
| stick | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| pižše, |
| piž | -Ø | -še |
| piž | -Ø | -že |
| stick | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
| kumdan |
| kumdan |
| kumdan |
| widely |
| av |
| kumdan |
| kumda | -n |
| kumda | -an |
| wide | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| kumdan |
| kumda | -n |
| kumda | -n |
| wide | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| kumdan |
| kum | -da | -n |
| kum | -da | -n |
| godfather.of.one's.child | -2PL | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -case |
| kumdan |
| kum | -da | -n |
| kum | -da | -n |
| three | -2PL | -GEN |
| nm | -poss | -case |
|
| šarlə̑še |
| šarlə̑še |
| šarlə̑še |
| widespread |
| ad |
| šarlə̑še |
| šarlə̑ | -še |
| šarle | -še |
| widen | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| č́er. |
| č́er |
| č́er |
| disease |
| no |
|
gripp 3 («Mar. kom.»)
Jandar juž da βolgə̑do gripp βirusə̑m pə̑tarat.
| Jandar |
| Jandar |
| jandar |
| clean |
| ad/av/no |
|
| juž |
| ju | -ž |
| ju | -že |
| magic | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| juž |
| ju | -ž |
| ju | -že |
| cool | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| βolgə̑do |
| βolgə̑do |
| βolgə̑do |
| light |
| ad/no |
|
| gripp |
| gripp |
| gripp |
| influenza |
| no |
|
| βirusə̑m |
| βirus | -ə̑m |
| βirus | -m |
| virus | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| pə̑tarat. |
| pə̑tar | -at |
| pə̑tare | -at |
| finish | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| pə̑tarat. |
| pə̑tar | -a | -t |
| pə̑tare | -a | -at |
| finish | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| pə̑tarat. |
| pə̑tar | -Ø | -at |
| pə̑tare | -Ø | -at |
| finish | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
grifel' 1
Grifel' dene βozaš
| Grifel' |
| Grifel' |
| grifel' |
| slate.pencil |
| no |
|
|
| βozaš |
| βozaš |
| βozaš |
| a.cartload |
| ad |
| βozaš |
| βoz | -aš |
| βoz | -aš |
| lie.down | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| βozaš |
| βoz | -aš |
| βozo | -aš |
| write | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
grifel' 2 («U βij»)
Onč́em, ik kidə̑štə̑že (uč́itel'ə̑n) aspid doska den grifel', βes kidə̑štə̑že knižka den tetrad'.
| Onč́em, |
| Onč́ | -em |
| onč́o | -em |
| look | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| kidə̑štə̑že |
| kid | -ə̑štə̑ | -že |
| kid | -šte | -že |
| hand | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| (uč́itel'ə̑n) |
| uč́itel' | -ə̑n |
| uč́itel' | -n |
| teacher | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
|
| doska |
| doska |
| doska |
| board |
| no |
|
|
| grifel', |
| grifel' |
| grifel' |
| slate.pencil |
| no |
|
| βes |
| βes |
| βes |
| different |
| ad/pr |
|
| kidə̑štə̑že |
| kid | -ə̑štə̑ | -že |
| kid | -šte | -že |
| hand | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| knižka |
| knižka |
| knižka |
| booklet |
| no |
|
|
| tetrad'. |
| tetrad' |
| tetrad' |
| notebook |
| no |
|
grifel'nə̑j 1 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Knižka-βlakə̑m, grifel'nə̑j oŋam nalme keč́e mə̑lanna č́ə̑lt pajremla č́uč́o.
| Knižka-βlakə̑m, |
| Knižka | -βlak | -ə̑m |
| knižka | -βlak | -m |
| booklet | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| grifel'nə̑j |
| grifel'nə̑j |
| grifel'nə̑j |
| slate |
| ad |
|
| oŋam |
| oŋa | -m |
| oŋa | -m |
| board | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| oŋam |
| oŋa | -m |
| oŋa | -em |
| board | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| oŋam |
| oŋa | -m | -Ø |
| oŋa | -em | -Ø |
| board | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| oŋam |
| oŋa | -m | -Ø |
| oŋa | -em | -Ø |
| board | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| oŋam |
| oŋa | -m | -Ø |
| oŋa | -em | -Ø |
| board | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| nalme |
| nalme |
| nalme |
| purchasing |
| ad |
| nalme |
| nal | -me |
| nal | -me |
| take | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| keč́e |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| keč́e |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| keč́e | -Ø |
| hang | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| mə̑lanna |
| mə̑ | -lan | -na |
| me | -lan | -na |
| 1PL | -DAT | -1PL |
| pr | -case | -poss |
|
| č́ə̑lt |
| č́ə̑lt |
| č́ə̑lt |
| completely |
| av/pa |
|
| pajremla |
| pajrem | -la |
| pajrem | -la |
| holiday | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| pajremla |
| pajrem | -la |
| pajrem | -la |
| holiday | -PL |
| no | -num |
| pajremla |
| pajrem | -la |
| pajrem | -la |
| holiday | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| pajremla |
| pajreml | -a |
| pajremle | -a |
| celebrate | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| č́uč́o. |
| č́uč́ | -o |
| č́uč́ | -Je |
| seem | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gromkogoβoritel' 1
Gromkogoβoritel'ə̑m sakaš
| Gromkogoβoritel'ə̑m |
| Gromkogoβoritel' | -ə̑m |
| gromkogoβoritel' | -m |
| loudspeaker | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| sakaš |
| saka | -š |
| saka | -š |
| osprey | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| sakaš |
| saka | -š |
| saka | -eš |
| osprey | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| sakaš |
| sak | -aš |
| sake | -aš |
| hang.up | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gromkogoβoritel' 2 (M. Šketan)
Gromkogoβoritel' peŋə̑žeš, keč́kə̑žeš, šüβeda.
| Gromkogoβoritel' |
| Gromkogoβoritel' |
| gromkogoβoritel' |
| loudspeaker |
| no |
|
| peŋə̑žeš, |
| peŋə̑ž | -eš |
| peŋə̑ž | -eš |
| groan | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| keč́kə̑žeš, |
| keč́kə̑ž | -eš |
| keč́kə̑ž | -eš |
| moan | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| šüβeda. |
| šüβed | -a |
| šüβede | -a |
| spit | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šüβeda. |
| šüβ | -eda |
| šüβö | -eda |
| spit | -2PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gromootβod 1
Gromootβodə̑m šə̑ndaš
| Gromootβodə̑m |
| Gromootβod | -ə̑m |
| gromootβod | -m |
| lightning.rod | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šə̑ndaš |
| šə̑nd | -aš |
| šə̑nde | -aš |
| put | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gromootβod 2
kürtńə̑βoštə̑r dene ə̑štə̑me gromootβod
| kürtńə̑βoštə̑r |
| kürtńə̑βoštə̑r |
| kürtńə̑βoštə̑r |
| iron.wire |
| no |
|
|
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| done |
| ad |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑ | -me |
| ə̑šte | -me |
| do | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| gromootβod |
| gromootβod |
| gromootβod |
| lightning.rod |
| no |
|
grossmejster 1
Grossmejster lijaš
| Grossmejster |
| Grossmejster |
| grossmejster |
| chess.grand.master |
| no |
|
| lijaš |
| lij | -aš |
| lij | -aš |
| be | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gruz 1 (V. Iβanoβ)
Bombardiroβš́š́ik-βlak, nele gruzə̑štə̑m jastaren, möŋgeš saβə̑rnə̑št.
| Bombardiroβš́š́ik-βlak, |
| Bombardiroβš́š́ik | -βlak |
| bombardiroβš́š́ik | -βlak |
| bomber | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| nele |
| nele |
| nele |
| heavy |
| ad/no |
| nele |
| nel | -'e |
| nel | -Je |
| swallow | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| gruzə̑štə̑m |
| gruz | -ə̑št | -ə̑m |
| gruz | -št | -m |
| load | -3PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| jastaren, |
| jastar | -en | -Ø |
| jastare | -en | -Ø |
| unload | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| jastaren, |
| jastar | -en |
| jastare | -en |
| unload | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| möŋgeš |
| möŋgeš |
| möŋgeš |
| back |
| ad/av |
| möŋgeš |
| möŋg | -eš |
| möŋgö | -eš |
| home | -LAT |
| av/no/po | -case |
|
| saβə̑rnə̑št. |
| saβə̑rnə̑ | -št |
| saβə̑rne | -št |
| turn | -IMP.3PL |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| saβə̑rnə̑št. |
| saβə̑rnə̑ | -š | -t |
| saβə̑rne | -š | -t |
| turn | -PST1 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gruzil 1 (V. Aksar)
– Molan gajkə̑že? – jodeš Pet'u. – Eŋə̑r gruzillan.
| Molan |
| Molan |
| molan |
| for.what |
| av/pr |
| Molan |
| Mol | -an |
| molo | -an |
| other | -with |
| no/pr | -deriv.ad |
| Molan |
| Mo | -lan |
| mo | -lan |
| what | -DAT |
| ad/av/pa/pr | -case |
| Molan |
| Mo | -la | -n |
| mo | -la | -n |
| what | -PL | -GEN |
| ad/av/pa/pr | -num | -case |
|
| gajkə̑že? – |
| gajkə̑ | -že |
| gajke | -že |
| nut | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| jodeš |
| jod | -eš |
| jod | -eš |
| iodine | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| jodeš |
| jod | -eš |
| jod | -eš |
| ask | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| Pet'u. – |
| Pet'u |
| Pet'u |
| Pet'u |
| na |
|
| Eŋə̑r |
| Eŋə̑r |
| eŋə̑r |
| fishing.rod |
| no |
|
| gruzillan. |
| gruzil | -lan |
| gruzil | -lan |
| sinker | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| gruzillan. |
| gruzil | -la | -n |
| gruzil | -la | -n |
| sinker | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
gruzin 1 (A. Bik)
Rossijə̑šte šuko türlö kalə̑k ila: ruš, tatar, poškə̑rt, č́uβaš, gruzin, arḿan.
| Rossijə̑šte |
| Rossij | -ə̑šte |
| Rossij | -šte |
| Russia | -INE |
| pn | -case |
|
| šuko |
| šuko |
| šuko |
| a.lot |
| ad/av/no |
|
| türlö |
| türlö |
| türlö |
| different |
| ad/no/po |
| türlö |
| türlö | -Ø |
| türlö | -Ø |
| embroider | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| türlö |
| türlö | -Ø |
| türlö | -Ø |
| embroider | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| people |
| no |
|
| ila: |
| i | -la |
| i | -la |
| and | -STR |
| co | -enc |
| ila: |
| i | -la |
| i | -la |
| X | -STR |
| pa | -enc |
| ila: |
| il | -a |
| ile | -a |
| live | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| ruš, |
| ru | -š |
| ru | -š |
| leaven | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| tatar, |
| tatar |
| tatar |
| Tatar |
| no |
|
| poškə̑rt, |
| poškə̑rt |
| poškə̑rt |
| Bashkir |
| no |
|
| č́uβaš, |
| č́uβaš |
| č́uβaš |
| Chuvash |
| no |
|
| gruzin, |
| gruzin |
| gruzin |
| Georgian |
| no |
|
| arḿan. |
| arḿan |
| arḿan |
| Armenian |
| no |
|
gruzin 2
Gruzin jə̑lme
| Gruzin |
| Gruzin |
| gruzin |
| Georgian |
| no |
|
| jə̑lme |
| jə̑lme |
| jə̑lme |
| tongue |
| no |
|
gruzin 3
gruzin kalə̑k
| gruzin |
| gruzin |
| gruzin |
| Georgian |
| no |
|
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| people |
| no |
|
gruzinka 1
Samə̑rə̑k gruzinka
| Samə̑rə̑k |
| Samə̑rə̑k |
| samə̑rə̑k |
| young |
| ad/no |
|
|
gruzinka 2 (M. Jakimoβ)
Peš motor gruzinkə̑n kumə̑l semžə̑m šülə̑kan ruš murə̑š saβə̑ren.
|
|
| motor |
| motor |
| motor |
| beautiful |
| ad/av/no |
| motor |
| motor |
| motor |
| motor |
| no |
|
| gruzinkə̑n |
| gruzinkə̑ | -n |
| gruzinke | -n |
| Georgian | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| kumə̑l |
| kumə̑l |
| kumə̑l |
| mood |
| no |
|
| semžə̑m |
| sem | -žə̑ | -m |
| sem | -že | -m |
| melody | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| semžə̑m |
| sem | -žə̑ | -m |
| sem | -že | -m |
| sense | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| šülə̑kan |
| šülə̑kan |
| šülə̑kan |
| sad |
| ad |
| šülə̑kan |
| šülə̑k | -an |
| šülə̑k | -an |
| sadness | -with |
| ad/no | -deriv.ad |
|
| ruš |
| ru | -š |
| ru | -š |
| leaven | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| murə̑š |
| murə̑ | -š |
| muro | -š |
| song | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| murə̑š |
| murə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| muro | -š | -Ø |
| sing | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| saβə̑ren. |
| saβə̑r | -en | -Ø |
| saβə̑re | -en | -Ø |
| make | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| saβə̑ren. |
| saβə̑r | -en |
| saβə̑re | -en |
| make | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gruzitlaltaš 1 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Memnan č́ast' ik jüdə̑m ešelonə̑š gruzitlalte da kasβelə̑š kajaš tarβanə̑š.
| Memnan |
| mem | -na | -n |
| me | -na | -n |
| 1PL | -1PL | -GEN |
| pr | -poss | -case |
|
| č́ast' |
| č́ast' |
| č́ast' |
| unit |
| no |
|
|
| jüdə̑m |
| jüdə̑m |
| jüdə̑m |
| at.night |
| av |
| jüdə̑m |
| jüd | -ə̑m |
| jüd | -m |
| night | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ešelonə̑š |
| ešelon | -ə̑š |
| ešelon | -š |
| special.train | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| gruzitlalte |
| gruzitlalt | -e |
| gruzitlalt | -Je |
| be.loaded | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| gruzitlalte |
| gruzitl | -alt | -e |
| gruzitle | -alt | -Je |
| load | -REF | -PST1.3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense.pers |
|
|
| kasβelə̑š |
| kasβelə̑š |
| kasβelə̑š |
| into.the.west |
| av |
| kasβelə̑š |
| kasβel | -ə̑š |
| kasβel | -š |
| west | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| kajaš |
| kaj | -aš |
| kaje | -aš |
| go | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| tarβanə̑š. |
| tarβanə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| tarβane | -š | -Ø |
| move | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gruzitlaš 1
Puə̑m gruzitlaš
| Puə̑m |
| Pu | -ə̑m |
| pu | -m |
| wood | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| gruzitlaš |
| gruzitl | -aš |
| gruzitle | -aš |
| load | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gruzitlaš 2
torfə̑m gruzitlaš
| torfə̑m |
| torf | -ə̑m |
| torf | -m |
| peat | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| gruzitlaš |
| gruzitl | -aš |
| gruzitle | -aš |
| load | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gruzitlaš 3 («Mar. kom.»)
Mašinaš ošmam gruzitlaš estakadə̑m ə̑štə̑me.
| Mašinaš |
| Mašina | -š |
| mašina | -š |
| machine | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| Mašinaš |
| Mašina | -š |
| mašina | -eš |
| machine | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m |
| ošma | -m |
| sand | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m |
| ošma | -em |
| sand | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m | -Ø |
| ošma | -em | -Ø |
| sand | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m | -Ø |
| ošma | -em | -Ø |
| sand | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m | -Ø |
| ošma | -em | -Ø |
| sand | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| gruzitlaš |
| gruzitl | -aš |
| gruzitle | -aš |
| load | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| estakadə̑m |
| estakadə̑ | -m |
| estakade | -m |
| viaduct | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑štə̑me. |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| ə̑štə̑me |
| done |
| ad |
| ə̑štə̑me. |
| ə̑štə̑ | -me |
| ə̑šte | -me |
| do | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
gruzitlə̑maš 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Č́odə̑ram šolə̑ško gruzitlə̑mašte leb'odka-βlak kuč́ə̑ltaltə̑t.
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m |
| č́odə̑ra | -m |
| forest | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m |
| č́odə̑ra | -m |
| coarse | -ACC |
| ad | -case |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m |
| č́odə̑ra | -em |
| forest | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m |
| č́odə̑ra | -em |
| coarse | -1SG |
| ad | -poss |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m | -Ø |
| č́odə̑ra | -em | -Ø |
| forest | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m | -Ø |
| č́odə̑ra | -em | -Ø |
| coarse | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m | -Ø |
| č́odə̑ra | -em | -Ø |
| forest | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m | -Ø |
| č́odə̑ra | -em | -Ø |
| coarse | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m | -Ø |
| č́odə̑ra | -em | -Ø |
| forest | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m | -Ø |
| č́odə̑ra | -em | -Ø |
| coarse | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| šolə̑ško |
| šol | -ə̑ško |
| šol | -ške |
| bracelet | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| šolə̑ško |
| šolə̑ | -ško |
| šolo | -ške |
| gut | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| šolə̑ško |
| šolə̑ | -ško |
| šolo | -ške |
| elm | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| šolə̑ško |
| šolə̑ | -ško |
| šolo | -ške |
| raft | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| šolə̑ško |
| šolə̑ | -ško |
| šolo | -ške |
| slippery.place | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| šolə̑ško |
| šolə̑ | -ško |
| šolo | -ške |
| secret | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| šolə̑ško |
| šolə̑ | -ško |
| šolo | -ške |
| thief | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| gruzitlə̑mašte |
| gruzitlə̑maš | -te |
| gruzitlə̑maš | -šte |
| loading | -INE |
| no | -case |
| gruzitlə̑mašte |
| gruzitlə̑ | -maš | -te |
| gruzitle | -maš | -šte |
| load | -NMLZ | -INE |
| vb2 | -deriv.n | -case |
|
| leb'odka-βlak |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| kuč́ə̑ltaltə̑t. |
| kuč́ə̑ltalt | -ə̑t |
| kuč́ə̑ltalt | -ə̑t |
| be.used | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
| kuč́ə̑ltaltə̑t. |
| kuč́ə̑lt | -alt | -ə̑t |
| kuč́ə̑lt | -alt | -ə̑t |
| hold | -REF | -3PL |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -pers |
|
gruzitlə̑me 1
Gruzitlə̑me mašina
| Gruzitlə̑me |
| Gruzitlə̑me |
| gruzitlə̑me |
| loading |
| ad |
| Gruzitlə̑me |
| Gruzitlə̑ | -me |
| gruzitle | -me |
| load | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| mašina |
| mašina |
| mašina |
| machine |
| no |
|
gruzitlə̑še 1
Č́odə̑ram gruzitlə̑še
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m |
| č́odə̑ra | -m |
| forest | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m |
| č́odə̑ra | -m |
| coarse | -ACC |
| ad | -case |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m |
| č́odə̑ra | -em |
| forest | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m |
| č́odə̑ra | -em |
| coarse | -1SG |
| ad | -poss |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m | -Ø |
| č́odə̑ra | -em | -Ø |
| forest | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m | -Ø |
| č́odə̑ra | -em | -Ø |
| coarse | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m | -Ø |
| č́odə̑ra | -em | -Ø |
| forest | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m | -Ø |
| č́odə̑ra | -em | -Ø |
| coarse | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m | -Ø |
| č́odə̑ra | -em | -Ø |
| forest | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
| Č́odə̑ram |
| Č́odə̑ra | -m | -Ø |
| č́odə̑ra | -em | -Ø |
| coarse | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| gruzitlə̑še |
| gruzitlə̑še |
| gruzitlə̑še |
| loader |
| ad |
| gruzitlə̑še |
| gruzitlə̑ | -še |
| gruzitle | -še |
| load | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
gruzitlə̑še 2 (I. Vasil'jeβ)
Nuno rudnik gə̑č́ Sulij türə̑š, kugu pušə̑š rudam gruzitlə̑še-βlak deke kajat.
|
|
| rudnik |
| rudnik |
| rudnik |
| mine |
| no |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| Sulij |
| Sulij |
| Sulij |
| Suliy |
| na |
|
| türə̑š, |
| tür | -ə̑š |
| tür | -š |
| edge | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| türə̑š, |
| tür | -ə̑š |
| tür | -š |
| embroidery | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
|
| pušə̑š |
| puš | -ə̑š |
| puš | -š |
| boat | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| pušə̑š |
| puš | -ə̑š |
| puš | -š |
| smell | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| rudam |
| ruda | -m |
| ruda | -m |
| ore | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| rudam |
| ruda | -m |
| ruda | -em |
| ore | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| rudam |
| ru | -da | -m |
| ru | -da | -m |
| leaven | -2PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| rudam |
| ruda | -m | -Ø |
| ruda | -em | -Ø |
| ore | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| rudam |
| ruda | -m | -Ø |
| ruda | -em | -Ø |
| ore | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| rudam |
| ruda | -m | -Ø |
| ruda | -em | -Ø |
| ore | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| gruzitlə̑še-βlak |
| gruzitlə̑še | -βlak |
| gruzitlə̑še | -βlak |
| loader | -PL |
| ad | -num |
| gruzitlə̑še-βlak |
| gruzitlə̑ | -še | -βlak |
| gruzitle | -še | -βlak |
| load | -PTCP.ACT | -PL |
| vb2 | -ad | -num |
|
|
| kajat. |
| kaj | -at |
| kaj | -at |
| X | -and |
| in | -enc |
| kajat. |
| kaj | -at |
| kaj | -at |
| aftergrass | -and |
| no | -enc |
| kajat. |
| kaj | -at |
| kaje | -at |
| go | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| kajat. |
| kaj | -a | -t |
| kaje | -a | -at |
| go | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
|
gruzoβik 1 (A. Erə̑kan)
Teβe pasu korno dene gruzoβik kudaleš.
| Teβe |
| Teβe |
| teβe |
| here |
| av/co/pa |
|
|
| korno |
| korno |
| korno |
| road |
| no |
|
|
| gruzoβik |
| gruzoβik |
| gruzoβik |
| truck |
| no |
|
| kudaleš. |
| kudal | -eš |
| kudal | -eš |
| run | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gruzoβoj 1
Gruzoβoj aβtomobil'
| Gruzoβoj |
| Gruzoβoj |
| gruzoβoj |
| freight |
| ad |
|
| aβtomobil' |
| aβtomobil' |
| aβtomobil' |
| motor.vehicle |
| no |
|
gruzoβoj 2 (V. Iβanoβ)
Č́odə̑ra türə̑š kud gruzoβoj aβtomašina tolə̑n šogale.
| Č́odə̑ra |
| Č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| forest |
| no |
| Č́odə̑ra |
| Č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| coarse |
| ad |
|
| türə̑š |
| tür | -ə̑š |
| tür | -š |
| edge | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| türə̑š |
| tür | -ə̑š |
| tür | -š |
| embroidery | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
|
| gruzoβoj |
| gruzoβoj |
| gruzoβoj |
| freight |
| ad |
|
| aβtomašina |
| aβtomašina |
| aβtomašina |
| motor.vehicle |
| no |
|
| tolə̑n |
| tol | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tol | -n | -Ø |
| come | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tolə̑n |
| tol | -ə̑n |
| tol | -n |
| come | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| šogale. |
| šogale | -Ø |
| šogale | -Ø |
| plough | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šogale. |
| šogal | -'e |
| šogal | -Je |
| stand.up | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šogale. |
| šogale | -Ø |
| šogale | -Ø |
| plough | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
gruzč́ik 1
Gruzč́iklan ə̑štaš
| Gruzč́iklan |
| Gruzč́ik | -lan |
| gruzč́ik | -lan |
| loader | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| Gruzč́iklan |
| Gruzč́ik | -la | -n |
| gruzč́ik | -la | -n |
| loader | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| ə̑štaš |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gruzč́ik 2
βijan gruzč́ik
| βijan |
| βijan |
| βijan |
| strong |
| ad/av |
| βijan |
| βij | -an |
| βij | -an |
| power | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| gruzč́ik |
| gruzč́ik |
| gruzč́ik |
| loader |
| no |
|
gruzč́ik 3 («Mar. kom.»)
Gruzč́ik-βlakə̑n kidə̑št modeš βele, ošmam jastarat.
| Gruzč́ik-βlakə̑n |
| Gruzč́ik | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| gruzč́ik | -βlak | -n |
| loader | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| kidə̑št |
| kid | -ə̑št |
| kid | -št |
| hand | -3PL |
| no | -poss |
|
| modeš |
| mod | -eš |
| modo | -eš |
| blueberry | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| modeš |
| mod | -eš |
| modo | -eš |
| fashion | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| modeš |
| mod | -eš |
| mod | -eš |
| play | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| βele, |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| βele, |
| βel | -'e |
| βel | -Je |
| spill | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| βele, |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m |
| ošma | -m |
| sand | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m |
| ošma | -em |
| sand | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m | -Ø |
| ošma | -em | -Ø |
| sand | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m | -Ø |
| ošma | -em | -Ø |
| sand | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| ošmam |
| ošma | -m | -Ø |
| ošma | -em | -Ø |
| sand | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| jastarat. |
| jastar | -at |
| jastare | -at |
| unload | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| jastarat. |
| jastar | -a | -t |
| jastare | -a | -at |
| unload | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| jastarat. |
| jastar | -Ø | -at |
| jastare | -Ø | -at |
| unload | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
grunt 1
Gruntə̑m jamdə̑laš
| Gruntə̑m |
| Grunt | -ə̑m |
| grunt | -m |
| ground | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| jamdə̑laš |
| jamdə̑l | -aš |
| jamdə̑le | -aš |
| prepare | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| jamdə̑laš |
| jamdə̑ | -la | -š |
| jamde | -la | -š |
| ready | -PL | -ILL |
| ad | -num | -case |
| jamdə̑laš |
| jamdə̑ | -la | -š |
| jamde | -la | -eš |
| ready | -PL | -LAT |
| ad | -num | -case |
|
grunt 2
oš grunt
|
|
| grunt |
| grunt |
| grunt |
| ground |
| no |
|
grunt 3
klejan grunt
| klejan |
| klejan |
| klejan |
| adhesive |
| ad |
| klejan |
| klej | -an |
| klej | -an |
| glue | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| grunt |
| grunt |
| grunt |
| ground |
| no |
|
gruntoβatlaš 1
Radə̑nam gruntoβatlaš
| Radə̑nam |
| Radə̑na | -m |
| radə̑na | -m |
| sackcloth | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| Radə̑nam |
| Radə̑na | -m |
| radə̑na | -em |
| sackcloth | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| Radə̑nam |
| Radə̑na | -m | -Ø |
| radə̑na | -em | -Ø |
| sackcloth | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Radə̑nam |
| Radə̑na | -m | -Ø |
| radə̑na | -em | -Ø |
| sackcloth | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Radə̑nam |
| Radə̑na | -m | -Ø |
| radə̑na | -em | -Ø |
| sackcloth | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| gruntoβatlaš |
| gruntoβatl | -aš |
| gruntoβatle | -aš |
| ground | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gruntoβatlaš 2
kartonə̑m gruntoβatlaš
| kartonə̑m |
| karton | -ə̑m |
| karton | -m |
| cardboard | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| gruntoβatlaš |
| gruntoβatl | -aš |
| gruntoβatle | -aš |
| ground | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gruporg 1 (V. Isenekoβ)
– Ə̑nde tendan gruporgda ulo, – redkollegijə̑m sajlə̑meke, mane pə̑tartə̑šlan Iβanoβ.
| Ə̑nde |
| Ə̑nde |
| ə̑nde |
| now |
| av/pa |
|
| tendan |
| ten | -da | -n |
| te | -da | -n |
| 2PL | -2PL | -GEN |
| pr | -poss | -case |
| tendan |
| te | -n | -da | -n |
| te | -n | -da | -n |
| 2PL | -GEN | -2PL | -GEN |
| pr | -case | -poss | -case |
|
| gruporgda |
| gruporg | -da |
| gruporg | -da |
| group.organizer | -2PL |
| no | -poss |
|
| ulo, – |
| ulo |
| ulo |
| is |
| ad/no/vb |
|
| redkollegijə̑m |
| redkollegij | -ə̑m |
| redkollegij | -m |
| editorial.board | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| sajlə̑meke, |
| sajlə̑ | -meke |
| sajle | -meke |
| elect | -CVB.PRI |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| mane |
| man | -'e |
| man | -Je |
| say | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| pə̑tartə̑šlan |
| pə̑tartə̑šlan |
| pə̑tartə̑šlan |
| at.last |
| av |
| pə̑tartə̑šlan |
| pə̑tartə̑š | -lan |
| pə̑tartə̑š | -lan |
| last | -DAT |
| ad/no | -case |
| pə̑tartə̑šlan |
| pə̑tartə̑š | -la | -n |
| pə̑tartə̑š | -la | -n |
| last | -PL | -GEN |
| ad/no | -num | -case |
|
| Iβanoβ. |
| Iβanoβ |
| Iβanoβ |
| Ivanov |
| na |
|
gruppa 1 (N. Lekajn)
Me, mutat uke, diβersionnə̑j gruppə̑m organizoβatlen kertə̑na.
|
|
| mutat |
| mut | -at |
| mut | -at |
| word | -and |
| no | -enc |
|
|
| diβersionnə̑j |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| gruppə̑m |
| gruppə̑ | -m |
| gruppo | -m |
| group | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| organizoβatlen |
| organizoβatl | -en | -Ø |
| organizoβatle | -en | -Ø |
| organize | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| organizoβatlen |
| organizoβatl | -en |
| organizoβatle | -en |
| organize | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kertə̑na. |
| kert | -ə̑na |
| kert | -na |
| be.able.to | -1PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
| kertə̑na. |
| kert | -ə̑na |
| kert | -na |
| swaddle | -1PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gruppa 2
Kalə̑k kontrol' gruppa
| Kalə̑k |
| Kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| people |
| no |
|
| kontrol' |
| kontrol' |
| kontrol' |
| check |
| no |
|
|
gruppa 3 (V. Isenekoβ)
Jüklə̑mö deč́ βara Salik komsomol gruppə̑m βujlatə̑še lije.
| Jüklə̑mö |
| Jüklə̑mö |
| jüklə̑mö |
| voting |
| ad |
| Jüklə̑mö |
| Jüklə̑ | -mö |
| jüklö | -me |
| vote | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
|
| βara |
| βara |
| βara |
| then |
| av/pa |
| βara |
| βar | -a |
| βare | -a |
| mix | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| Salik |
| Salik |
| Salik |
| Salik |
| na |
|
| komsomol |
| komsomol |
| komsomol |
| Komsomol |
| no |
|
| gruppə̑m |
| gruppə̑ | -m |
| gruppo | -m |
| group | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| βujlatə̑še |
| βujlatə̑še |
| βujlatə̑še |
| leading |
| ad/no |
| βujlatə̑še |
| βujlatə̑ | -še |
| βujlate | -še |
| lead | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| lije. |
| lij | -e |
| lij | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gruppa 4 (J. Osmin)
Fermə̑štə̑na partijnə̑j gruppə̑m ə̑štaš liješ.
| Fermə̑štə̑na |
| Fermə̑ | -štə̑ | -na |
| ferme | -šte | -na |
| farm | -INE | -1PL |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| partijnə̑j |
| partijnə̑j |
| partijnə̑j |
| party |
| ad/no |
|
| gruppə̑m |
| gruppə̑ | -m |
| gruppo | -m |
| group | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑štaš |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| liješ. |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ. |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gruppa 5
Kumšo gruppa inβalid
| Kumšo |
| Kumšo |
| kumšo |
| third |
| av/nm |
|
|
| inβalid |
| inβalid |
| inβalid |
| invalid |
| no |
|
gruppa 6 (S. Muzuroβ)
Pötə̑rə̑n βüržö mogaj gruppə̑š pura?
| Pötə̑rə̑n |
| Pötə̑rə̑n |
| Pötə̑rə̑n |
| Pötyryn |
| na |
|
| βüržö |
| βür | -žö |
| βür | -že |
| blood | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| mogaj |
| mogaj |
| mogaj |
| what.sort.of |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
| gruppə̑š |
| gruppə̑ | -š |
| gruppo | -š |
| group | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| pura? |
| pura |
| pura |
| home-made.kvass |
| no |
| pura? |
| pura |
| pura |
| framework |
| no |
| pura? |
| pur | -a |
| puro | -a |
| go.in | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gruppiroβka 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Takše söreman mlande nergen ojlə̑mə̑m kolə̑štašat šonə̑də̑mo, č́ot toreš šogə̑šo tušmanlan antipartijnə̑j gruppiroβkə̑n uč́astnikše-βlakə̑m gə̑na šotlaš liješ.
| Takše |
| Takše |
| takše |
| generally |
| av |
| Takše |
| Tak | -še |
| tak | -že |
| like.that | -3SG |
| av/co/pa | -poss |
|
| söreman |
| söreman |
| söreman |
| virgin |
| ad |
| söreman |
| sörem | -an |
| sörem | -an |
| turf | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| mlande |
| mlande |
| mlande |
| land |
| no |
| mlande |
| mlande |
| mlande |
| Earth |
| pn |
|
| nergen |
| nergen |
| nergen |
| about |
| po |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| cold | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| badger | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| nergen |
| nerge | -n |
| nerge | -n |
| order | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| ojlə̑mə̑m |
| ojlə̑mə̑ | -m |
| ojlə̑mo | -m |
| speech | -ACC |
| ad | -case |
| ojlə̑mə̑m |
| ojlə̑ | -mə̑ | -m |
| ojlo | -me | -m |
| talk | -PTCP.PASS | -ACC |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
| kolə̑štašat |
| kolə̑št | -aš | -at |
| kolə̑št | -aš | -at |
| listen | -INF | -and |
| vb1 | -inf | -enc |
|
| šonə̑də̑mo, |
| šonə̑də̑mo |
| šonə̑də̑mo |
| unexpected |
| ad |
| šonə̑də̑mo, |
| šonə̑ | -də̑mo |
| šono | -də̑me |
| think | -PTCP.NEG |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
|
| toreš |
| toreš |
| toreš |
| crosspiece |
| ad/av/no/po |
| toreš |
| tor | -eš |
| tor | -eš |
| trash | -LAT |
| ad/no | -case |
| toreš |
| tor | -eš |
| tor | -eš |
| bay | -LAT |
| ad | -case |
| toreš |
| tor | -eš |
| tor | -eš |
| forest | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| toreš |
| tor | -eš |
| tor | -eš |
| demand | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| šogə̑šo |
| šogə̑šo |
| šogə̑šo |
| standing |
| no |
| šogə̑šo |
| šogə̑ | -šo |
| šogo | -še |
| stand | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| tušmanlan |
| tušmanl | -an |
| tušmanle | -an |
| hostile | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| tušmanlan |
| tušman | -lan |
| tušman | -lan |
| enemy | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| tušmanlan |
| tušman | -la | -n |
| tušman | -la | -n |
| enemy | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| antipartijnə̑j |
| antipartijnə̑j |
| antipartijnə̑j |
| anti-party |
| ad |
|
| gruppiroβkə̑n |
| gruppiroβkə̑ | -n |
| gruppiroβko | -n |
| grouping | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| uč́astnikše-βlakə̑m |
| uč́astnik | -še | -βlak | -ə̑m |
| uč́astnik | -že | -βlak | -m |
| participant | -3SG | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -num | -case |
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| šotlaš |
| šotl | -aš |
| šotlo | -aš |
| count | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| šotlaš |
| šot | -la | -š |
| šot | -la | -š |
| use | -PL | -ILL |
| no | -num | -case |
| šotlaš |
| šot | -la | -š |
| šot | -la | -eš |
| use | -PL | -LAT |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| liješ. |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ. |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gruša 1 (M. Rə̑bakoβ)
Urem kok mogə̑rə̑što oš pört-βlak olmapu, gruša, βišńa βondo-βlak koklašte pə̑rt βele kojə̑t.
| Urem |
| Ur | -em |
| ur | -em |
| squirrel | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| Urem |
| Ur | -em |
| uro | -em |
| bury | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| Urem |
| Ur | -em | -Ø |
| ur | -em | -Ø |
| squirrel | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Urem |
| Ur | -em | -Ø |
| ur | -em | -Ø |
| squirrel | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Urem |
| Ur | -em | -Ø |
| ur | -em | -Ø |
| squirrel | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
|
| mogə̑rə̑što |
| mogə̑rə̑što |
| mogə̑rə̑što |
| on.the.side |
| po |
| mogə̑rə̑što |
| mogə̑r | -ə̑što |
| mogə̑r | -šte |
| body | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| pört-βlak |
| pört | -βlak |
| pört | -βlak |
| house | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| olmapu, |
| olmapu |
| olmapu |
| apple.tree |
| no |
|
|
|
| βondo-βlak |
| βondo | -βlak |
| βondo | -βlak |
| bush | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| koklašte |
| koklašte |
| koklašte |
| in |
| av/po |
| koklašte |
| kokla | -šte |
| kokla | -šte |
| distance | -INE |
| ad/no | -case |
| koklašte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| cook | -PL | -INE |
| no | -num | -case |
| koklašte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| two | -PL | -INE |
| nm | -num | -case |
|
| pə̑rt |
| pə̑rt |
| pə̑rt |
| a.little |
| av |
|
| βele |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| βele |
| βel | -'e |
| βel | -Je |
| spill | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| βele |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| kojə̑t. |
| koj | -ə̑t |
| koj | -ə̑t |
| be.visible | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gruša 2 (M. Rə̑bakoβ)
Olma, gruša, abrikos lə̑ŋak šoč́ə̑n.
| Olma, |
| Olma |
| olma |
| apple |
| ad/no |
|
|
| abrikos |
| abrikos |
| abrikos |
| apricot |
| no |
|
| lə̑ŋak |
| lə̑ŋ | -ak |
| lə̑ŋ | -ak |
| a.lot | -STR |
| av | -enc |
|
| šoč́ə̑n. |
| šoč́ə̑n |
| šoč́ə̑n |
| from.one's.birth |
| av |
| šoč́ə̑n. |
| šoč́ | -ə̑n |
| šoč́ | -n |
| X | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
| šoč́ə̑n. |
| šoč́ | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| šoč́ | -n | -Ø |
| be.born | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šoč́ə̑n. |
| šoč́ | -ə̑n |
| šoč́ | -n |
| be.born | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
grüp 1 (Ja. Jalkajn)
Tugudešte nörep omsa poč́ə̑ltaš tüŋalə̑n ə̑l'at, βüta βokteč́ konden jamdə̑lə̑me küm ik kužu marij omsa ümbak grüp šolen koltə̑š.
| Tugudešte |
| Tugudešte |
| tugudešte |
| at.that.moment |
| av |
|
| nörep |
| nörep |
| nörep |
| cellar |
| no |
|
|
| poč́ə̑ltaš |
| poč́ə̑lt | -aš |
| poč́ə̑lt | -aš |
| open | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
| tüŋalə̑n |
| tüŋal | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tüŋal | -n | -Ø |
| start | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tüŋalə̑n |
| tüŋal | -ə̑n |
| tüŋal | -n |
| start | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ə̑l'at, |
| ə̑l | -'e | -at |
| ul | -Je | -at |
| be | -PST1.3SG | -and |
| vb1 | -tense.pers | -enc |
|
|
| βokteč́ |
| βokteč́ |
| βokteč́ |
| through |
| av/po |
|
| konden |
| kond | -en | -Ø |
| kondo | -en | -Ø |
| bring | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| konden |
| kond | -en |
| kondo | -en |
| bring | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| jamdə̑lə̑me |
| jamdə̑lə̑me |
| jamdə̑lə̑me |
| ready |
| ad |
| jamdə̑lə̑me |
| jamdə̑lə̑ | -me |
| jamdə̑le | -me |
| prepare | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| küm |
| kü | -m |
| kü | -m |
| stone | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
|
|
| marij |
| marij |
| marij |
| Mari |
| no |
|
|
| ümbak |
| ümbak |
| ümbak |
| the.top |
| av/po |
|
|
| šolen |
| šol | -en | -Ø |
| šolo | -en | -Ø |
| throw | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šolen |
| šol | -en |
| šolo | -en |
| throw | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| koltə̑š. |
| koltə̑š |
| koltə̑š |
| conductivity |
| no |
| koltə̑š. |
| koltə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| kolto | -š | -Ø |
| send | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gubernator 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Elə̑n kažne okrugšə̑lan βojennə̑j gubernatorə̑m naznač́itlə̑me.
| Elə̑n |
| El | -ə̑n |
| el | -n |
| land | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| kažne |
| kažne |
| kažne |
| each |
| pr |
|
| okrugšə̑lan |
| okrug | -šə̑ | -lan |
| okrug | -že | -lan |
| okrug | -3SG | -DAT |
| no | -poss | -case |
| okrugšə̑lan |
| okrug | -šə̑ | -la | -n |
| okrug | -že | -la | -n |
| okrug | -3SG | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -num | -case |
|
| βojennə̑j |
| βojennə̑j |
| βojennə̑j |
| war |
| ad/no |
|
| gubernatorə̑m |
| gubernator | -ə̑m |
| gubernator | -m |
| governor | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| naznač́itlə̑me. |
| naznač́itlə̑ | -me |
| naznač́itle | -me |
| appoint | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
gubernij 1 (N. Lekajn)
– Te mogaj gubernij gə̑č́ ulə̑da? – jodeš ukrainec. – Kazanskij gubernij gə̑č́, – βašešta Sergej.
|
|
| mogaj |
| mogaj |
| mogaj |
| what.sort.of |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
| gubernij |
| gubernij |
| gubernij |
| province |
| no |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| ulə̑da? – |
| ulə̑ | -da |
| ulo | -da |
| is | -2PL |
| ad/no/vb | -poss |
| ulə̑da? – |
| ul | -ə̑da |
| ul | -da |
| be | -2PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| jodeš |
| jod | -eš |
| jod | -eš |
| iodine | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| jodeš |
| jod | -eš |
| jod | -eš |
| ask | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| ukrainec. – |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| Kazanskij |
| Kazanskij |
| Kazanskij |
| Kazanskiy |
| na |
|
| gubernij |
| gubernij |
| gubernij |
| province |
| no |
|
| gə̑č́, – |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| βašešta |
| βašešt | -a |
| βašešte | -a |
| answer | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| Sergej. |
| Sergej |
| Sergej |
| Sergey |
| na |
|
gubispolkom 1 (M. Šketan)
Mə̑j βara gubispolkomə̑što zasedanijə̑m ə̑štə̑ktə̑šə̑m, da tunamak centrə̑š zaprosə̑m ə̑štə̑šna.
|
|
| βara |
| βara |
| βara |
| then |
| av/pa |
| βara |
| βar | -a |
| βare | -a |
| mix | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| gubispolkomə̑što |
| gubispolkom | -ə̑što |
| gubispolkom | -šte |
| provincial.executive.committee | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| zasedanijə̑m |
| zasedanij | -ə̑m |
| zasedanij | -m |
| meeting | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑štə̑ktə̑šə̑m, |
| ə̑štə̑ktə̑šə̑ | -m |
| ə̑štə̑ktə̑še | -m |
| impelling | -ACC |
| ad | -case |
| ə̑štə̑ktə̑šə̑m, |
| ə̑štə̑ktə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| ə̑štə̑kte | -š | -ə̑m |
| make.somebody.do.something | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑štə̑ktə̑šə̑m, |
| ə̑štə̑ktə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| ə̑štə̑kte | -še | -m |
| make.somebody.do.something | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
| ə̑štə̑ktə̑šə̑m, |
| ə̑štə̑ | -ktə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| ə̑šte | -kte | -š | -ə̑m |
| do | -CAUS | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| ə̑štə̑ktə̑šə̑m, |
| ə̑štə̑ | -ktə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| ə̑šte | -kte | -še | -m |
| do | -CAUS | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -ad | -case |
|
|
| tunamak |
| tunamak |
| tunamak |
| immediately |
| av |
| tunamak |
| tunam | -ak |
| tunam | -ak |
| then | -STR |
| av | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -ak |
| tuna | -m | -ak |
| heifer | -ACC | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -ak |
| tuna | -em | -ak |
| heifer | -1SG | -STR |
| no | -poss | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -a | -k |
| tuna | -em | -a | -ak |
| heifer | -TRANS | -3SG | -STR |
| no | -deriv.v | -pers | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| that | -1PL | -ACC | -STR |
| pr | -poss | -case | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| gland | -1PL | -ACC | -STR |
| no | -poss | -case | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| tu | -na | -m | -ak |
| banner | -1PL | -ACC | -STR |
| no | -poss | -case | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -Ø | -ak |
| tuna | -em | -Ø | -ak |
| heifer | -TRANS | -CNG | -STR |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | -Ø | -ak |
| tuna | -em | -Ø | -ak |
| heifer | -TRANS | -CVB | -STR |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv | -enc |
| tunamak |
| tuna | -m | - | -ak |
| tuna | -em | -Je | -ak |
| heifer | -TRANS | -PST1.3SG | -STR |
| no | -deriv.v | -tense.pers | -enc |
|
| centrə̑š |
| centr | -ə̑š |
| centr | -š |
| center | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| zaprosə̑m |
| zapros | -ə̑m |
| zapros | -m |
| inquiry | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑štə̑šna. |
| ə̑štə̑š | -na |
| ə̑štə̑š | -na |
| work | -1PL |
| no | -poss |
| ə̑štə̑šna. |
| ə̑štə̑ | -š | -na |
| ə̑šte | -š | -na |
| do | -PST1 | -1PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gubka 1 («Pürtüs tun.»)
Adak teŋə̑zə̑šte ilə̑še gubka den korall polip peš oŋaj ulə̑t.
|
|
| teŋə̑zə̑šte |
| teŋə̑z | -ə̑šte |
| teŋə̑z | -šte |
| sea | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| ilə̑še |
| ilə̑še |
| ilə̑še |
| living |
| ad/no |
| ilə̑še |
| ilə̑ | -še |
| ile | -še |
| live | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
|
|
| korall |
| korall |
| korall |
| coral |
| no |
|
| polip |
| polip |
| polip |
| polyp |
| no |
|
|
| oŋaj |
| oŋaj |
| oŋaj |
| interesting |
| ad/av |
|
| ulə̑t. |
| ul | -ə̑t |
| ul | -ə̑t |
| be | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gubka 2
Gubka dene muškə̑ltaš
| Gubka |
| Gubka |
| Gubka |
| Gubka |
| na |
|
|
| muškə̑ltaš |
| muškə̑lt | -aš |
| muškə̑lt | -aš |
| wash.oneself | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
gubka 3
Monč́ašte moč́ə̑la olmeš gubkə̑mat kuč́ə̑ltə̑t.
| Monč́ašte |
| Monč́a | -šte |
| monč́a | -šte |
| bathhouse | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| moč́ə̑la |
| moč́ə̑la |
| moč́ə̑la |
| bast |
| no |
|
| olmeš |
| olmeš |
| olmeš |
| instead |
| po |
| olmeš |
| olm | -eš |
| olmo | -eš |
| place | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| gubkə̑mat |
| gubkə̑ | -m | -at |
| gubko | -m | -at |
| sponge | -ACC | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
|
| kuč́ə̑ltə̑t. |
| kuč́ə̑lt | -ə̑t |
| kuč́ə̑lt | -ə̑t |
| hold | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gudok 1
Paroβoz gudok
| Paroβoz |
| Paroβoz |
| paroβoz |
| steam.engine |
| no |
|
| gudok |
| gudok |
| gudok |
| siren |
| no |
|
gudok 2
aβtomobil' gudok
| aβtomobil' |
| aβtomobil' |
| aβtomobil' |
| motor.vehicle |
| no |
|
| gudok |
| gudok |
| gudok |
| siren |
| no |
|
gudok 3
Signalə̑m puaš ok lij: aβtomobil'ə̑n gudokšo pudə̑rgen.
| Signalə̑m |
| Signal | -ə̑m |
| signal | -m |
| signal | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| puaš |
| pu | -aš |
| puo | -aš |
| give | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| puaš |
| pu | -aš |
| puo | -aš |
| blow | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| ok |
| ok | -Ø |
| ok | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| lij: |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lij: |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| lij: |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| aβtomobil'ə̑n |
| aβtomobil' | -ə̑n |
| aβtomobil' | -n |
| motor.vehicle | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gudokšo |
| gudok | -šo |
| gudok | -že |
| siren | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| pudə̑rgen. |
| pudə̑rg | -en | -Ø |
| pudə̑rgo | -en | -Ø |
| break | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| pudə̑rgen. |
| pudə̑rg | -en |
| pudə̑rgo | -en |
| break | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gudok 4
Gudokə̑m puaš
| Gudokə̑m |
| Gudok | -ə̑m |
| gudok | -m |
| siren | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| puaš |
| pu | -aš |
| puo | -aš |
| give | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| puaš |
| pu | -aš |
| puo | -aš |
| blow | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gudok 5 (V. Iβanoβ)
Kok pač́ašan kü pört deran mašina šogale, šof'or kužu gudokə̑m puə̑š.
|
|
| pač́ašan |
| pač́ašan |
| pač́ašan |
| with.a.floor |
| ad |
| pač́ašan |
| pač́aš | -an |
| pač́aš | -an |
| floor | -with |
| no/po | -deriv.ad |
| pač́ašan |
| pač́aš | -an |
| pač́aš | -an |
| X | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
|
| kü |
| kü | -Ø |
| kü | -Ø |
| ripen | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| kü |
| kü | -Ø |
| kü | -Ø |
| ripen | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| kü |
| kü | -Ø |
| kü | -Ø |
| ripen | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
|
|
| mašina |
| mašina |
| mašina |
| machine |
| no |
|
| šogale, |
| šogale | -Ø |
| šogale | -Ø |
| plough | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šogale, |
| šogal | -'e |
| šogal | -Je |
| stand.up | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šogale, |
| šogale | -Ø |
| šogale | -Ø |
| plough | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| šof'or |
| šof'or |
| šof'or |
| driver |
| no |
|
|
| gudokə̑m |
| gudok | -ə̑m |
| gudok | -m |
| siren | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| puə̑š. |
| pu | -ə̑š |
| pu | -š |
| wood | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| puə̑š. |
| puə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| puo | -š | -Ø |
| give | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| puə̑š. |
| puə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| puo | -š | -Ø |
| blow | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gudok 6
Gudok jük
| Gudok |
| Gudok |
| gudok |
| siren |
| no |
|
|
gudok 7 (K. Berezin)
Paroβozə̑n gudok jükšö šergə̑lte.
| Paroβozə̑n |
| Paroβoz | -ə̑n |
| paroβoz | -n |
| steam.engine | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gudok |
| gudok |
| gudok |
| siren |
| no |
|
| jükšö |
| jük | -šö |
| jük | -že |
| voice | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| jükšö |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| cool.down | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| jükšö |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| jükšö | -Ø |
| cool.down | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| šergə̑lte. |
| šergə̑lte | -Ø |
| šergə̑lte | -Ø |
| fill | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šergə̑lte. |
| šergə̑lt | -e |
| šergə̑lt | -Je |
| come.undone | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šergə̑lte. |
| šergə̑lte | -Ø |
| šergə̑lte | -Ø |
| fill | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
gudok 8 (K. Vasin)
Jul βelə̑m paroχod gudok jük č́üč́kə̑də̑nak šergə̑lteš.
|
|
| βelə̑m |
| βelə̑m |
| βelə̑m |
| from.the.side |
| po |
| βelə̑m |
| βel | -ə̑m |
| βel | -m |
| side | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| paroχod |
| paroχod |
| paroχod |
| steamer |
| no |
|
| gudok |
| gudok |
| gudok |
| siren |
| no |
|
|
| č́üč́kə̑də̑nak |
| č́üč́kə̑də̑n | -ak |
| č́üč́kə̑də̑n | -ak |
| often | -STR |
| av | -enc |
| č́üč́kə̑də̑nak |
| č́üč́kə̑də̑ | -na | -k |
| č́üč́kə̑dö | -na | -ak |
| frequent | -1PL | -STR |
| ad | -poss | -enc |
| č́üč́kə̑də̑nak |
| č́üč́kə̑də̑ | -n | -ak |
| č́üč́kə̑dö | -n | -ak |
| frequent | -GEN | -STR |
| ad | -case | -enc |
|
| šergə̑lteš. |
| šergə̑lt | -eš |
| šergə̑lt | -eš |
| come.undone | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
guž-ž 1
Osal mardež guž-ž lekteš.
| Osal |
| Osal |
| osal |
| evil |
| ad/no |
|
| mardež |
| mardež |
| mardež |
| wind |
| no |
|
|
| lekteš. |
| lekt | -eš |
| lekt | -eš |
| go | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gul'-gul' 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Nunə̑lan (kögörč́en-βlaklan) koč́kə̑šə̑m luktamat, gul'-gul'-gul' gə̑na manam.
| Nunə̑lan |
| Nunə̑lan |
| nunə̑lan |
| them |
| av |
| Nunə̑lan |
| nuno | -lan |
| nuno | -lan |
| 3PL | -DAT |
| pr | -case |
| Nunə̑lan |
| Nunə̑ | -la | -n |
| nuno | -la | -n |
| they | -PL | -GEN |
| pr | -num | -case |
|
| (kögörč́en-βlaklan) |
| kögörč́en | -βlak | -lan |
| kögörč́en | -βlak | -lan |
| pigeon | -PL | -DAT |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| koč́kə̑šə̑m |
| koč́kə̑š | -ə̑m |
| koč́kə̑š | -m |
| food | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| luktamat, |
| lukt | -am | -at |
| lukt | -am | -at |
| lead.out | -1SG | -and |
| vb1 | -pers | -enc |
|
| gul'-gul'-gul' |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| manam. |
| man | -am |
| man | -am |
| say | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gul'ajə̑maš 1 (N. Lekajn)
Mo tə̑j memnam ere jümaš da gul'ajə̑maš dene kuandaraš tolašet.
| Mo |
| Mo |
| mo |
| what |
| ad/av/pa/pr |
|
|
| memnam |
| mem | -na | -m |
| me | -na | -m |
| 1PL | -1PL | -ACC |
| pr | -poss | -case |
|
|
| jümaš |
| jümaš |
| jümaš |
| drinking |
| no |
| jümaš |
| jü | -maš |
| jü | -maš |
| drink | -NMLZ |
| vb1 | -deriv.n |
|
|
| gul'ajə̑maš |
| gul'ajə̑maš |
| gul'ajə̑maš |
| festivities |
| no |
| gul'ajə̑maš |
| gul'ajə̑ | -maš |
| gul'aje | -maš |
| go.for.a.walk | -NMLZ |
| vb2 | -deriv.n |
|
|
| kuandaraš |
| kuandar | -aš |
| kuandare | -aš |
| delight | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| tolašet. |
| tolaš | -et |
| tolaše | -et |
| try | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| tolašet. |
| tol | -aš | -et |
| tol | -aš | -et |
| come | -INF | -2SG |
| vb1 | -inf | -poss |
| tolašet. |
| tol | -aš | -et |
| tolo | -aš | -et |
| steal | -INF | -2SG |
| vb2 | -inf | -poss |
|
gul'anij 1
Massoβə̑j gul'anij
| Massoβə̑j |
| Massoβə̑j |
| massoβə̑j |
| mass |
| ad |
|
| gul'anij |
| gul'anij |
| gul'anij |
| festivities |
| no |
|
gul'anij 2 (G. Zajnijeβ)
Tudo «Dinamo» βüd stancijə̑š masoβə̑j gul'anijə̑š tolaš üžə̑n.
|
|
| «Dinamo» |
| Dinamo |
| dinamo |
| dynamo |
| no |
|
|
| stancijə̑š |
| stancij | -ə̑š |
| stancij | -š |
| station | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
|
| gul'anijə̑š |
| gul'anij | -ə̑š |
| gul'anij | -š |
| festivities | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| tolaš |
| tol | -aš |
| tol | -aš |
| come | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| tolaš |
| tol | -aš |
| tolo | -aš |
| steal | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| üžə̑n. |
| üž | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| üž | -n | -Ø |
| call | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| üžə̑n. |
| üž | -ə̑n |
| üž | -n |
| call | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gul'aš 1
Uškal šə̑l gul'aš
|
|
| šə̑l |
| šə̑l | -Ø |
| šə̑l | -Ø |
| hide | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| šə̑l |
| šə̑l | -Ø |
| šə̑l | -Ø |
| hide | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| šə̑l |
| šə̑l | -Ø |
| šə̑l | -Ø |
| hide | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| gul'aš |
| gul'aš |
| gul'aš |
| goulash |
| no |
|
gul'aš 2 (G. Č́emekoβ)
– Aj-aj, jalt mondenam. Eše gul'aš ulo.
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj- | aj |
| aj | aj |
| oh | oh |
| in/pa | in/pa |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj- | aj | -Ø |
| aj | aje | -Ø |
| oh | part | -IMP.2SG |
| in/pa | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj- | aj | -Ø |
| aj | aje | -Ø |
| oh | hem | -IMP.2SG |
| in/pa | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj- | aj | -Ø |
| aj | aje | -Ø |
| oh | part | -CNG |
| in/pa | vb2 | -conn |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj- | aj | -Ø |
| aj | aje | -Ø |
| oh | hem | -CNG |
| in/pa | vb2 | -conn |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj |
| aje | -Ø | aj |
| part | -IMP.2SG | oh |
| vb2 | -mood.pers | in/pa |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| part | -IMP.2SG | part | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| part | -IMP.2SG | hem | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| part | -IMP.2SG | part | -CNG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -conn |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| part | -IMP.2SG | hem | -CNG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -conn |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj |
| aje | -Ø | aj |
| hem | -IMP.2SG | oh |
| vb2 | -mood.pers | in/pa |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| hem | -IMP.2SG | part | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| hem | -IMP.2SG | hem | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| hem | -IMP.2SG | part | -CNG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -conn |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| hem | -IMP.2SG | hem | -CNG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers | vb2 | -conn |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj |
| aje | -Ø | aj |
| part | -CNG | oh |
| vb2 | -conn | in/pa |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| part | -CNG | part | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| part | -CNG | hem | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| part | -CNG | part | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -conn |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| part | -CNG | hem | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -conn |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj |
| aje | -Ø | aj |
| hem | -CNG | oh |
| vb2 | -conn | in/pa |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| hem | -CNG | part | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| hem | -CNG | hem | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| hem | -CNG | part | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -conn |
| Aj-aj, |
| Aj | -Ø- | aj | -Ø |
| aje | -Ø | aje | -Ø |
| hem | -CNG | hem | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn | vb2 | -conn |
|
| jalt |
| jalt |
| jalt |
| completely |
| av/pa |
|
| mondenam. |
| mond | -en | -am |
| mondo | -en | -am |
| forget | -PST2 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| Eše |
| Eše | -Ø |
| eše | -Ø |
| fall.heavily | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Eše |
| Eše | -Ø |
| eše | -Ø |
| fall.heavily | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| gul'aš |
| gul'aš |
| gul'aš |
| goulash |
| no |
|
|
gul'ajaš 1
Parkə̑šte gul'ajaš
| Parkə̑šte |
| Park | -ə̑šte |
| park | -šte |
| park | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| gul'ajaš |
| gul'aj | -aš |
| gul'aje | -aš |
| go.for.a.walk | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gul'ajaš 2 (Jomak)
Ikana tide kok Jə̑βan kaja gul'ajaš.
| Ikana |
| Ikana |
| ikana |
| once |
| av |
|
| tide |
| tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| tide |
| tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
|
| Jə̑βan |
| Jə̑βan |
| Jə̑βan |
| Yyvan |
| na |
|
| kaja |
| kaj | -a |
| kaje | -a |
| go | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| gul'ajaš. |
| gul'aj | -aš |
| gul'aje | -aš |
| go.for.a.walk | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gul'ajaš 3 (A. Volkoβ)
Tač́e βeselitlena, gul'ajena, a erla – pasuš.
| Tač́e |
| Tač́e |
| tač́e |
| today |
| ad/av |
|
| βeselitlena, |
| βeselitl | -ena |
| βeselitle | -ena |
| have.a.good.time | -1PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| gul'ajena, |
| gul'aj | -ena |
| gul'aje | -ena |
| go.for.a.walk | -1PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| erla – |
| erla |
| erla |
| tomorrow |
| ad/av/no |
| erla – |
| er | -la |
| er | -la |
| morning | -COMP |
| ad/av/no | -case |
| erla – |
| er | -la |
| er | -la |
| morning | -PL |
| ad/av/no | -num |
| erla – |
| er | -la |
| er | -la |
| morning | -STR |
| ad/av/no | -enc |
|
| pasuš. |
| pasu | -š |
| pasu | -š |
| field | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
gul'ajaš 4 (Muro)
Joltašet βese dene gul'aja gə̑n, mə̑j βinamat mo βara?
| Joltašet |
| Joltaš | -et |
| joltaš | -et |
| friend | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| βese |
| βese |
| βese |
| different |
| ad/no/pr |
|
|
| gul'aja |
| gul'aj | -a |
| gul'aje | -a |
| go.for.a.walk | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
|
| βinamat |
| βinamat |
| βinamat |
| guilty |
| ad/no |
|
| mo |
| mo |
| mo |
| what |
| ad/av/pa/pr |
|
| βara? |
| βara |
| βara |
| then |
| av/pa |
| βara? |
| βar | -a |
| βare | -a |
| mix | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gul'ajaš 5 (A. Volkoβ)
Rβeze godə̑m šer temmeš gul'ajen kodaš küleš.
| Rβeze |
| Rβeze |
| rβeze |
| young.man |
| ad/no |
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
| šer |
| šer | -Ø |
| šer | -Ø |
| comb | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| šer |
| šer | -Ø |
| šer | -Ø |
| comb | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| šer |
| šer | -Ø |
| šer | -Ø |
| comb | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| temmeš |
| temmeš |
| temmeš |
| one's.fill |
| ad |
| temmeš |
| tem | -meš |
| tem | -meš |
| fill.up | -CVB.FUT |
| vb1 | -adv |
| temmeš |
| tem | -m | -eš |
| tem | -me | -eš |
| fill.up | -PTCP.PASS | -LAT |
| vb1 | -ad | -case |
| temmeš |
| te | -m | -meš |
| te | -em | -meš |
| 2PL | -TRANS | -CVB.FUT |
| pr | -deriv.v | -adv |
| temmeš |
| te | -m | -m | -eš |
| te | -em | -me | -eš |
| you | -TRANS | -PTCP.PASS | -LAT |
| pr | -deriv.v | -ad | -case |
|
| gul'ajen |
| gul'aj | -en | -Ø |
| gul'aje | -en | -Ø |
| go.for.a.walk | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| gul'ajen |
| gul'aj | -en |
| gul'aje | -en |
| go.for.a.walk | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kodaš |
| kod | -aš |
| kod | -aš |
| stay | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
| kodaš |
| kod | -aš |
| kodo | -aš |
| leave | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| küleš. |
| küleš |
| küleš |
| need |
| ad/no |
| küleš. |
| kül | -eš |
| kül | -eš |
| be.necessary | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gul'ajaš 6 (A. Ajzenβort)
Sadə̑šte, Kakšan serə̑šte, urem muč́ko trotuar dene kalə̑k gul'ajen košteš.
| Sadə̑šte, |
| Sad | -ə̑šte |
| sad | -šte |
| garden | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Sadə̑šte, |
| Sadə̑ | -šte |
| sade | -šte |
| that | -INE |
| pr | -case |
|
| Kakšan |
| Kakšan |
| Kakšan |
| Kokshaga |
| pn |
|
| serə̑šte, |
| ser | -ə̑šte |
| ser | -šte |
| shore | -INE |
| no | -case |
| serə̑šte, |
| serə̑š | -te |
| serə̑š | -šte |
| letter | -INE |
| no | -case |
| serə̑šte, |
| serə̑š | -te |
| serə̑š | -šte |
| plot.of.land | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| urem |
| ur | -em |
| ur | -em |
| squirrel | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| urem |
| ur | -em |
| uro | -em |
| bury | -1SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| urem |
| ur | -em | -Ø |
| ur | -em | -Ø |
| squirrel | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| urem |
| ur | -em | -Ø |
| ur | -em | -Ø |
| squirrel | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| urem |
| ur | -em | -Ø |
| ur | -em | -Ø |
| squirrel | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| muč́ko |
| muč́ko |
| muč́ko |
| completely |
| av/po |
|
| trotuar |
| trotuar |
| trotuar |
| sidewalk |
| no |
|
|
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| kalə̑k |
| people |
| no |
|
| gul'ajen |
| gul'aj | -en | -Ø |
| gul'aje | -en | -Ø |
| go.for.a.walk | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| gul'ajen |
| gul'aj | -en |
| gul'aje | -en |
| go.for.a.walk | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| košteš. |
| košt | -eš |
| košt | -eš |
| go | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gul'ajaš 7 (P. Korniloβ)
– Č́ə̑la, Nač́i! Gul'ajenat šə̑m šukto.
| Č́ə̑la, |
| Č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| everything |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
| Nač́i! |
| Nač́i |
| Nač́i |
| Nachi |
| na |
|
| Gul'ajenat |
| Gul'aj | -en | -at |
| gul'aje | -en | -at |
| go.for.a.walk | -PST2 | -2SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| Gul'ajenat |
| Gul'aj | -ena | -t |
| gul'aje | -ena | -at |
| go.for.a.walk | -1PL | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| Gul'ajenat |
| Gul'aj | -en | -Ø | -at |
| gul'aje | -en | -Ø | -at |
| go.for.a.walk | -PST2 | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| Gul'ajenat |
| Gul'aj | -en | -at |
| gul'aje | -en | -at |
| go.for.a.walk | -CVB | -and |
| vb2 | -adv | -enc |
|
| šə̑m |
| Ø | -š | -ə̑m |
| ə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| NEG | -PST | -1SG |
| vb | -tense | -pers |
|
| šukto. |
| šukto | -Ø |
| šukto | -Ø |
| succeed.in | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šukto. |
| šukto | -Ø |
| šukto | -Ø |
| succeed.in | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
| šukto. |
| šu | -kto | -Ø |
| šu | -kte | -Ø |
| reach | -CAUS | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| šukto. |
| šu | -kto | -Ø |
| šu | -kte | -Ø |
| ferment | -CAUS | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| šukto. |
| šu | -kto | -Ø |
| šu | -kte | -Ø |
| whittle | -CAUS | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| šukto. |
| šu | -kto | -Ø |
| šu | -kte | -Ø |
| reach | -CAUS | -CNG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -conn |
| šukto. |
| šu | -kto | -Ø |
| šu | -kte | -Ø |
| ferment | -CAUS | -CNG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -conn |
| šukto. |
| šu | -kto | -Ø |
| šu | -kte | -Ø |
| whittle | -CAUS | -CNG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -conn |
|
gumanizm 1
Socialistič́eskij gumanizm
| Socialistič́eskij |
| Socialistič́eskij |
| socialistič́eskij |
| socialist |
| ad |
|
| gumanizm |
| gumanizm |
| gumanizm |
| humanism |
| no |
|
gumanist 1
Kugu gumanist
|
|
| gumanist |
| gumanist |
| gumanist |
| humanist |
| no |
|
gumanist 2 (Ju. Artamonoβ)
– Me ajdeme gumanist ulə̑na, ikte-βesə̑m pagalena.
|
|
| ajdeme |
| ajdeme |
| ajdeme |
| human |
| no |
|
| gumanist |
| gumanist |
| gumanist |
| humanist |
| no |
|
| ulə̑na, |
| ulə̑ | -na |
| ulo | -na |
| is | -1PL |
| ad/no/vb | -poss |
| ulə̑na, |
| ul | -ə̑na |
| ul | -na |
| be | -1PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| ikte-βesə̑m |
| ikte-βesə̑ | -m |
| ikte-βese | -m |
| each.other | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
| pagalena. |
| pagal | -ena |
| pagale | -ena |
| respect | -1PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gumanist 3 (S. Ibatoβ)
Tide obraz goč́ pisatel' soβet ajdemə̑n kojə̑š-šoktə̑šə̑žə̑m, tudə̑n gumanist ulmə̑žə̑m onč́ə̑kten.
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| obraz |
| obraz |
| obraz |
| shape |
| no |
|
|
| pisatel' |
| pisatel' |
| pisatel' |
| writer |
| no |
|
| soβet |
| soβet |
| soβet |
| council |
| no |
| soβet |
| soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| palm | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| soβet |
| soβ | -et |
| soβo | -et |
| slap | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| ajdemə̑n |
| ajdemə̑ | -n |
| ajdeme | -n |
| human | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| kojə̑š-šoktə̑šə̑žə̑m, |
| kojə̑š-šoktə̑š | -ə̑žə̑ | -m |
| kojə̑š-šoktə̑š | -že | -m |
| nature | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| his/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑n |
| tudo | -n |
| tudo | -n |
| 3SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| gumanist |
| gumanist |
| gumanist |
| humanist |
| no |
|
| ulmə̑žə̑m |
| ulmə̑ | -žə̑ | -m |
| ulmo | -že | -m |
| being | -3SG | -ACC |
| ad | -poss | -case |
| ulmə̑žə̑m |
| ul | -mə̑ | -žə̑ | -m |
| ul | -me | -že | -m |
| be | -PTCP.PASS | -3SG | -ACC |
| vb1 | -ad | -poss | -case |
|
| onč́ə̑kten. |
| onč́ə̑kt | -en | -Ø |
| onč́ə̑kto | -en | -Ø |
| show | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| onč́ə̑kten. |
| onč́ə̑kt | -en |
| onč́ə̑kto | -en |
| show | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| onč́ə̑kten. |
| onč́ə̑ | -kt | -en | -Ø |
| onč́o | -kte | -en | -Ø |
| look | -CAUS | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| onč́ə̑kten. |
| onč́ə̑ | -kt | -en |
| onč́o | -kte | -en |
| look | -CAUS | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
gumanistič́eskij 1
Kalə̑kə̑n interesše dene ilaš, kuanə̑m da ojgə̑m tudə̑n dene pə̑rl'a pajlaš, ilə̑šə̑n č́ə̑nžə̑m, memnan gumanistič́eskij idealnam peŋgə̑demdaš.
| Kalə̑kə̑n |
| Kalə̑k | -ə̑n |
| kalə̑k | -n |
| people | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| interesše |
| interes | -še |
| interes | -že |
| interest | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| ilaš, |
| il | -aš |
| ile | -aš |
| live | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| kuanə̑m |
| kuan | -ə̑m |
| kuan | -m |
| joy | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
|
| ojgə̑m |
| ojgə̑ | -m |
| ojgo | -m |
| grief | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| his/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑n |
| tudo | -n |
| tudo | -n |
| 3SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
|
| pə̑rl'a |
| pə̑rl'a |
| pə̑rl'a |
| together |
| ad/av |
|
| pajlaš, |
| pajl | -aš |
| pajle | -aš |
| divide | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| pajlaš, |
| paj | -la | -š |
| paj | -la | -š |
| share | -PL | -ILL |
| no | -num | -case |
| pajlaš, |
| paj | -la | -š |
| paj | -la | -š |
| fried.meat | -PL | -ILL |
| no | -num | -case |
| pajlaš, |
| paj | -la | -š |
| paj | -la | -eš |
| share | -PL | -LAT |
| no | -num | -case |
| pajlaš, |
| paj | -la | -š |
| paj | -la | -eš |
| fried.meat | -PL | -LAT |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| ilə̑šə̑n |
| ilə̑š | -ə̑n |
| ilə̑š | -n |
| life | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| ilə̑šə̑n |
| ilə̑šə̑ | -n |
| ilə̑še | -n |
| living | -GEN |
| ad/no | -case |
| ilə̑šə̑n |
| ilə̑ | -šə̑ | -n |
| ile | -še | -n |
| live | -PTCP.ACT | -GEN |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
| č́ə̑nžə̑m, |
| č́ə̑nžə̑m |
| č́ə̑nžə̑m |
| indeed |
| pa |
| č́ə̑nžə̑m, |
| č́ə̑n | -žə̑ | -m |
| č́ə̑n | -že | -m |
| truth | -3SG | -ACC |
| ad/av/no | -poss | -case |
|
| memnan |
| mem | -na | -n |
| me | -na | -n |
| 1PL | -1PL | -GEN |
| pr | -poss | -case |
|
| gumanistič́eskij |
| gumanistič́eskij |
| gumanistič́eskij |
| humanistic |
| ad |
|
| idealnam |
| ideal | -na | -m |
| ideal | -na | -m |
| ideal | -1PL | -ACC |
| ad/no | -poss | -case |
|
| peŋgə̑demdaš. |
| peŋgə̑demd | -aš |
| peŋgə̑demde | -aš |
| compress | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gumanitarnə̑j 1
Gumanitarnə̑j nauka-βlak
| Gumanitarnə̑j |
| Gumanitarnə̑j |
| gumanitarnə̑j |
| humanistic |
| ad |
|
| nauka-βlak |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
gumanitarnə̑j 2 (A. Bik)
Nuno (gimnazij-βlak) klassič́eskij, gumanitarnə̑j da real'nə̑jlan šelaltə̑nə̑t.
|
|
| (gimnazij-βlak) |
| gimnazij | -βlak |
| gimnazij | -βlak |
| secondary.school | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| klassič́eskij, |
| klassič́eskij |
| klassič́eskij |
| classic |
| ad |
|
| gumanitarnə̑j |
| gumanitarnə̑j |
| gumanitarnə̑j |
| humanistic |
| ad |
|
|
| real'nə̑jlan |
| real'nə̑j | -lan |
| real'nə̑j | -lan |
| real | -DAT |
| ad | -case |
| real'nə̑jlan |
| real'nə̑j | -la | -n |
| real'nə̑j | -la | -n |
| real | -PL | -GEN |
| ad | -num | -case |
|
| šelaltə̑nə̑t. |
| šelalt | -ə̑n | -ə̑t |
| šelalt | -n | -ə̑t |
| break | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šelaltə̑nə̑t. |
| šel | -alt | -ə̑n | -ə̑t |
| šel | -alt | -n | -ə̑t |
| break | -REF | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
|
gumannə̑j 1 (J. Osmin)
Tek memnan joč́ana-βlak en kul'turnə̑j, en gumannə̑j lijə̑t!
|
|
| memnan |
| mem | -na | -n |
| me | -na | -n |
| 1PL | -1PL | -GEN |
| pr | -poss | -case |
|
| joč́ana-βlak |
| joč́a | -na | -βlak |
| joč́a | -na | -βlak |
| child | -1PL | -PL |
| no | -poss | -num |
|
|
| kul'turnə̑j, |
| kul'turnə̑j |
| kul'turnə̑j |
| cultural |
| ad |
|
|
| gumannə̑j |
| gumannə̑j |
| gumannə̑j |
| humane |
| ad |
|
| lijə̑t! |
| lij | -ə̑t |
| lij | -ə̑t |
| be | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gunn 1 (K. Vasin)
Tide korno tudə̑m skif kašak dekat namijen, gunn-βlak denat βašlijə̑kten.
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| korno |
| korno |
| korno |
| road |
| no |
|
| tudə̑m |
| tudə̑m |
| tudə̑m |
| him/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑m |
| tudo | -m |
| tudo | -m |
| 3SG | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
|
| kašak |
| kašak |
| kašak |
| heap |
| no |
| kašak |
| kašak |
| kašak |
| times |
| no/po |
| kašak |
| kaš | -ak |
| kaš | -ak |
| strip.of.ploughed.land | -STR |
| no | -enc |
|
| dekat |
| dek | -at |
| dek | -at |
| to | -and |
| po | -enc |
| dekat |
| dek | -at |
| deke | -at |
| to | -and |
| po | -enc |
|
| namijen, |
| namij | -en | -Ø |
| namije | -en | -Ø |
| bring | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| namijen, |
| namij | -en |
| namije | -en |
| bring | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| gunn-βlak |
| gunn | -βlak |
| gunn | -βlak |
| Hun | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| denat |
| den | -at |
| den | -at |
| and | -and |
| co | -enc |
| denat |
| den | -at |
| dene | -at |
| with | -and |
| po | -enc |
|
| βašlijə̑kten. |
| βašlijə̑kt | -en | -Ø |
| βašlijə̑kte | -en | -Ø |
| send.to.meet | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βašlijə̑kten. |
| βašlijə̑kt | -en |
| βašlijə̑kte | -en |
| send.to.meet | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| βašlijə̑kten. |
| βašlij | -ə̑kt | -en | -Ø |
| βašlij | -kte | -en | -Ø |
| meet | -CAUS | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| βašlijə̑kten. |
| βašlij | -ə̑kt | -en |
| βašlij | -kte | -en |
| meet | -CAUS | -CVB |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
gusar 1 (V. Kosorotoβ)
Ožnə̑sek aram ogə̑l ojlat βet: «Motor lijmet šueš gə̑n, gusar lij!» – manə̑t.
| Ožnə̑sek |
| Ožnə̑sek |
| ožnə̑sek |
| from.time.immemorial |
| av |
|
| aram |
| aram |
| aram |
| in.vain |
| ad/av |
| aram |
| ara | -m |
| ara | -m |
| body | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| aram |
| ara | -m |
| ara | -em |
| body | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| aram |
| ara | -m | -Ø |
| ara | -em | -Ø |
| body | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| aram |
| ara | -m | -Ø |
| ara | -em | -Ø |
| body | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| aram |
| ara | -m | -Ø |
| ara | -em | -Ø |
| body | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| ogə̑l |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
| ojlat |
| ojl | -at |
| ojlo | -at |
| talk | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| ojlat |
| oj | -la | -t |
| oj | -la | -et |
| opinion | -COMP | -2SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
| ojlat |
| oj | -la | -t |
| oj | -la | -et |
| opinion | -PL | -2SG |
| no | -num | -poss |
| ojlat |
| oj | -la | -t |
| oj | -la | -at |
| opinion | -COMP | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
| ojlat |
| oj | -la | -t |
| oj | -la | -at |
| opinion | -PL | -and |
| no | -num | -enc |
| ojlat |
| ojl | -a | -t |
| ojlo | -a | -at |
| talk | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| ojlat |
| ojl | -Ø | -at |
| ojlo | -Ø | -at |
| talk | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
|
| «Motor |
| Motor |
| motor |
| beautiful |
| ad/av/no |
| «Motor |
| Motor |
| motor |
| motor |
| no |
|
| lijmet |
| lijm | -et |
| lijme | -et |
| happening | -2SG |
| ad | -poss |
| lijmet |
| lij | -m | -et |
| lij | -me | -et |
| be | -PTCP.PASS | -2SG |
| vb1 | -ad | -poss |
|
| šueš |
| šue | -š |
| šue | -š |
| thin | -ILL |
| ad | -case |
| šueš |
| šue | -š |
| šue | -š |
| anthill | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| šueš |
| šue | -š |
| šue | -eš |
| thin | -LAT |
| ad | -case |
| šueš |
| šue | -š |
| šue | -eš |
| anthill | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šueš |
| šu | -eš |
| šu | -eš |
| bran | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šueš |
| šu | -eš |
| šu | -eš |
| bristle | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šueš |
| šu | -eš |
| šu | -eš |
| eye | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šueš |
| šu | -eš |
| šu | -eš |
| spring.water | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šueš |
| šu | -eš |
| šu | -eš |
| reach | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| šueš |
| šu | -eš |
| šu | -eš |
| ferment | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| šueš |
| šu | -eš |
| šu | -eš |
| whittle | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
|
| gusar |
| gusar |
| gusar |
| hussar |
| no |
|
| lij!» – |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lij!» – |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| lij!» – |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| manə̑t. |
| man | -ə̑t |
| man | -ə̑t |
| say | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gusar 2
Gusar otŕad
| Gusar |
| Gusar |
| gusar |
| hussar |
| no |
|
| otŕad |
| otŕad |
| otŕad |
| detachment |
| no |
|
gusar 3 (K. Vasin)
Sajə̑n tunə̑ktaš gə̑n, tale gusar oficer lijə̑n kerteš ə̑le.
| Sajə̑n |
| Sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| well |
| av |
| Sajə̑n |
| Sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| each |
| po |
| Sajə̑n |
| Saj | -ə̑n |
| saj | -n |
| good | -GEN |
| ad/av | -case |
|
| tunə̑ktaš |
| tunə̑kt | -aš |
| tunə̑kto | -aš |
| teach | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
|
| tale |
| tal'e |
| tal'e |
| glade |
| no |
|
| gusar |
| gusar |
| gusar |
| hussar |
| no |
|
| oficer |
| oficer |
| oficer |
| officer |
| no |
|
| lijə̑n |
| lijə̑n |
| lijə̑n |
| as.a |
| po |
| lijə̑n |
| lij | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lij | -n | -Ø |
| be | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| lijə̑n |
| lij | -ə̑n |
| lij | -n |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| kerteš |
| kert | -eš |
| kert | -eš |
| be.able.to | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| kerteš |
| kert | -eš |
| kert | -eš |
| swaddle | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| ə̑le. |
| ə̑l | -'e |
| ul | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gusenica 1
Tank gusenica
gusenica 2 (A. Filippoβ)
Traktor gusenica pisə̑n pördeš, mlande č́ə̑tə̑rnalteš.
| Traktor |
| Traktor |
| traktor |
| tractor |
| no |
|
|
| pisə̑n |
| pisə̑n |
| pisə̑n |
| quickly |
| av |
| pisə̑n |
| pisə̑ | -n |
| pise | -n |
| quick | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| pördeš, |
| pörd | -eš |
| pörd | -eš |
| turn | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| mlande |
| mlande |
| mlande |
| land |
| no |
| mlande |
| mlande |
| mlande |
| Earth |
| pn |
|
| č́ə̑tə̑rnalteš. |
| č́ə̑tə̑rnalt | -eš |
| č́ə̑tə̑rnalt | -eš |
| shudder | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| č́ə̑tə̑rnalteš. |
| č́ə̑tə̑rn | -alt | -eš |
| č́ə̑tə̑rne | -alt | -eš |
| shake | -REF | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -pers |
|
gusenica 3 (M. Bubennoβ)
Tank purla gusenicə̑ž dene okopeš pižə̑n šogalə̑n.
|
|
| purla |
| purla |
| purla |
| right |
| ad/no |
| purla |
| pur | -Ø | -la |
| pur | -Ø | -la |
| chew | -CNG | -STR |
| vb1 | -conn | -enc |
| purla |
| pur | -Ø | -la |
| pur | -Ø | -la |
| chew | -CVB | -STR |
| vb1 | -adv | -enc |
|
| gusenicə̑ž |
| gusenicə̑ | -ž |
| gusenice | -že |
| caterpillar.tracks | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| okopeš |
| okop | -eš |
| okop | -eš |
| trench | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| pižə̑n |
| piž | -ə̑n |
| piž | -n |
| mitten | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| pižə̑n |
| piž | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| piž | -n | -Ø |
| stick | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| pižə̑n |
| piž | -ə̑n |
| piž | -n |
| stick | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| šogalə̑n. |
| šogal | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| šogal | -n | -Ø |
| stand.up | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šogalə̑n. |
| šogal | -ə̑n |
| šogal | -n |
| stand.up | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gusenica 4 («Prirodoβedenij»)
Türlö lə̑βe-βlakə̑n gusenicə̑št sadə̑n, pakč́an, pasun, č́odə̑ran, ikmanaš, – č́ə̑la užar tüńan peš osal tušmanə̑št ulə̑t.
| Türlö |
| Türlö |
| türlö |
| different |
| ad/no/po |
| Türlö |
| Türlö | -Ø |
| türlö | -Ø |
| embroider | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Türlö |
| Türlö | -Ø |
| türlö | -Ø |
| embroider | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| lə̑βe-βlakə̑n |
| lə̑βe | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| lə̑βe | -βlak | -n |
| butterfly | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| gusenicə̑št |
| gusenicə̑ | -št |
| gusenice | -št |
| caterpillar.tracks | -3PL |
| no | -poss |
|
| sadə̑n, |
| sad | -ə̑n |
| sad | -n |
| garden | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| sadə̑n, |
| sadə̑ | -n |
| sade | -n |
| that | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
| pakč́an, |
| pakč́a | -n |
| pakč́a | -an |
| garden | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| pakč́an, |
| pakč́a | -n |
| pakč́a | -n |
| garden | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| pasun, |
| pasu | -n |
| pasu | -n |
| field | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| č́odə̑ran, |
| č́odə̑ran |
| č́odə̑ran |
| wooded |
| ad |
| č́odə̑ran, |
| č́odə̑ra | -n |
| č́odə̑ra | -an |
| forest | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| č́odə̑ran, |
| č́odə̑ra | -n |
| č́odə̑ra | -an |
| coarse | -with |
| ad | -deriv.ad |
| č́odə̑ran, |
| č́odə̑ra | -n |
| č́odə̑ra | -n |
| forest | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| č́odə̑ran, |
| č́odə̑ra | -n |
| č́odə̑ra | -n |
| coarse | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
| ikmanaš, – |
| ikmanaš |
| ikmanaš |
| in.a.word |
| pa |
|
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| everything |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
|
| tüńan |
| tüńa | -n |
| tüńa | -an |
| world | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| tüńan |
| tüńa | -n |
| tüńa | -n |
| world | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
|
| osal |
| osal |
| osal |
| evil |
| ad/no |
|
| tušmanə̑št |
| tušman | -ə̑št |
| tušman | -št |
| enemy | -3PL |
| no | -poss |
|
| ulə̑t. |
| ul | -ə̑t |
| ul | -ə̑t |
| be | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gusenican 1 («Mar. kom.»)
Gusenican traktor dene šupšə̑t.
| Gusenican |
| Gusenican |
| gusenican |
| tracked |
| ad |
| Gusenican |
| Gusenic | -an |
| gusenice | -an |
| caterpillar.tracks | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| traktor |
| traktor |
| traktor |
| tractor |
| no |
|
|
| šupšə̑t. |
| šupš | -ə̑t |
| šupš | -ə̑t |
| pull | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gusenič́nə̑j 1 (Muro)
Gusenič́nə̑j traktoržo kolχoz mlandə̑m kuraleš.
| Gusenič́nə̑j |
| Gusenič́nə̑j |
| gusenič́nə̑j |
| tracked |
| ad |
|
| traktoržo |
| traktor | -žo |
| traktor | -že |
| tractor | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| kolχoz |
| kolχoz |
| kolχoz |
| kolkhoz |
| no |
|
| mlandə̑m |
| mlandə̑ | -m |
| mlande | -m |
| land | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| mlandə̑m |
| mlandə̑ | -m |
| mlande | -m |
| Earth | -ACC |
| pn | -case |
|
| kuraleš. |
| kural | -eš |
| kural | -eš |
| weapon | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| kuraleš. |
| kural | -eš |
| kural | -eš |
| plough | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gutlan 1 (V. Juksern)
Peljüd gutlan, škol pörtə̑m jə̑r aβə̑ren nalmek, Moč́aloβə̑m uč́ə̑raš jamdə̑laltə̑nə̑t.
| Peljüd |
| Peljüd |
| peljüd |
| midnight |
| no |
|
| gutlan, |
| gutlan |
| gutlan |
| about |
| po |
| gutlan, |
| gutla | -n |
| gutla | -an |
| neighborhood | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| gutlan, |
| gutla | -n |
| gutla | -n |
| neighborhood | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
|
| pörtə̑m |
| pört | -ə̑m |
| pört | -m |
| house | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| jə̑r |
| jə̑r |
| jə̑r |
| around |
| ad/av/no/po |
|
| aβə̑ren |
| aβə̑r | -en | -Ø |
| aβə̑re | -en | -Ø |
| surround | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| aβə̑ren |
| aβə̑r | -en |
| aβə̑re | -en |
| surround | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| nalmek, |
| nal | -mek |
| nal | -mek |
| take | -CVB.PRI |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| Moč́aloβə̑m |
| Moč́aloβə̑m |
| Moč́aloβə̑m |
| Mochalovym |
| na |
|
| uč́ə̑raš |
| uč́ə̑r | -aš |
| uč́ə̑ro | -aš |
| find | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| jamdə̑laltə̑nə̑t. |
| jamdə̑lalt | -ə̑n | -ə̑t |
| jamdə̑lalt | -n | -ə̑t |
| prepare | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| jamdə̑laltə̑nə̑t. |
| jamdə̑l | -alt | -ə̑n | -ə̑t |
| jamdə̑le | -alt | -n | -ə̑t |
| prepare | -REF | -PST2 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
|
gutlan-gutlan 1 (I. Lomberskij)
Južo godə̑m pij jük-βlak gutlan-gutlan šoktat.
| Južo |
| Ju | -žo |
| ju | -že |
| magic | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| Južo |
| Ju | -žo |
| ju | -že |
| cool | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| godə̑m |
| during |
| po |
|
|
| jük-βlak |
| jük | -βlak |
| jük | -βlak |
| voice | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| gutlan-gutlan |
| gutlan-gutlan |
| gutlan-gutlan |
| occasionally |
| av |
|
| šoktat. |
| šokt | -at |
| šokt | -at |
| sift | -2SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| šoktat. |
| šokt | -at |
| šokto | -at |
| be.heard | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šoktat. |
| šokt | -a | -t |
| šokto | -a | -at |
| be.heard | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| šoktat. |
| šokt | -Ø | -at |
| šokt | -Ø | -at |
| sift | -CNG | -and |
| vb1 | -conn | -enc |
| šoktat. |
| šokt | -Ø | -at |
| šokt | -Ø | -at |
| sift | -CVB | -and |
| vb1 | -adv | -enc |
| šoktat. |
| šokt | - | -at |
| šokt | -Je | -at |
| sift | -PST1.3SG | -and |
| vb1 | -tense.pers | -enc |
| šoktat. |
| šokt | -Ø | -at |
| šokto | -Ø | -at |
| be.heard | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
gutlaške 1 (D. Oraj)
Kütü šogə̑mo βer gutlaške šuə̑tat, Eč́u onč́en oškə̑leš.
|
|
| šogə̑mo |
| šogə̑mo |
| šogə̑mo |
| standing |
| ad |
| šogə̑mo |
| šogə̑ | -mo |
| šogo | -me |
| stand | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
|
| gutlaške |
| gutla | -ške |
| gutla | -ške |
| neighborhood | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| šuə̑tat, |
| šu | -ə̑t | -at |
| šu | -ə̑t | -at |
| reach | -3PL | -and |
| vb1 | -pers | -enc |
| šuə̑tat, |
| šu | -ə̑t | -at |
| šu | -ə̑t | -at |
| ferment | -3PL | -and |
| vb1 | -pers | -enc |
| šuə̑tat, |
| šu | -ə̑t | -at |
| šu | -ə̑t | -at |
| whittle | -3PL | -and |
| vb1 | -pers | -enc |
|
|
| onč́en |
| onč́ | -en | -Ø |
| onč́o | -en | -Ø |
| look | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| onč́en |
| onč́ | -en |
| onč́o | -en |
| look | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| oškə̑leš. |
| oškə̑l | -eš |
| oškə̑l | -eš |
| step | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| oškə̑leš. |
| oškə̑l | -eš |
| oškə̑l | -eš |
| step | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gutlašte 1
Ola gutlašte
| Ola |
| O | -la |
| o | -la |
| oh | -STR |
| in | -enc |
|
| gutlašte |
| gutlašte |
| gutlašte |
| around |
| po |
| gutlašte |
| gutla | -šte |
| gutla | -šte |
| neighborhood | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
gutlašte 2 (D. Oraj)
Č́eβer olə̑k gaj užar ploš́š́ad' βes mogə̑rə̑što, bol'nica gutlašte, jösə̑n šortə̑n koltə̑mo jük šergə̑lte.
| Č́eβer |
| Č́eβer |
| č́eβer |
| beautiful |
| ad/av/no |
|
| olə̑k |
| olə̑k |
| olə̑k |
| meadow |
| no |
|
| gaj |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
|
| ploš́š́ad' |
| ploš́š́ad' |
| ploš́š́ad' |
| square |
| no |
|
| βes |
| βes |
| βes |
| different |
| ad/pr |
|
| mogə̑rə̑što, |
| mogə̑rə̑što |
| mogə̑rə̑što |
| on.the.side |
| po |
| mogə̑rə̑što, |
| mogə̑r | -ə̑što |
| mogə̑r | -šte |
| body | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| gutlašte, |
| gutlašte |
| gutlašte |
| around |
| po |
| gutlašte, |
| gutla | -šte |
| gutla | -šte |
| neighborhood | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| jösə̑n |
| jösə̑n |
| jösə̑n |
| difficultly |
| av |
| jösə̑n |
| jösə̑ | -n |
| jösö | -n |
| difficult | -GEN |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| šortə̑n |
| šort | -ə̑n |
| šort | -n |
| shorts | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| šortə̑n |
| šort | -ə̑n |
| šort | -n |
| lamentation | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| šortə̑n |
| šort | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| šort | -n | -Ø |
| cry | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šortə̑n |
| šort | -ə̑n |
| šort | -n |
| cry | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| koltə̑mo |
| koltə̑mo |
| koltə̑mo |
| sent |
| ad |
| koltə̑mo |
| koltə̑ | -mo |
| kolto | -me |
| send | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
|
| šergə̑lte. |
| šergə̑lte | -Ø |
| šergə̑lte | -Ø |
| fill | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| šergə̑lte. |
| šergə̑lt | -e |
| šergə̑lt | -Je |
| come.undone | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| šergə̑lte. |
| šergə̑lte | -Ø |
| šergə̑lte | -Ø |
| fill | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
gutlašte 3 (D. Oraj)
Šüm gutlašte šokšə̑n č́uč́o.
|
|
| gutlašte |
| gutlašte |
| gutlašte |
| around |
| po |
| gutlašte |
| gutla | -šte |
| gutla | -šte |
| neighborhood | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| šokšə̑n |
| šokšə̑n |
| šokšə̑n |
| hot |
| av |
| šokšə̑n |
| šokš | -ə̑n |
| šokš | -n |
| sleeve | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| šokšə̑n |
| šokšə̑ | -n |
| šokšo | -n |
| heat | -GEN |
| ad/no | -case |
| šokšə̑n |
| šok | -šə̑ | -n |
| šokt | -še | -n |
| sift | -PTCP.ACT | -GEN |
| vb1 | -ad | -case |
| šokšə̑n |
| šok | -šə̑ | -n |
| šok | -že | -n |
| shock | -3SG | -GEN |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| č́uč́o. |
| č́uč́ | -o |
| č́uč́ | -Je |
| seem | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gutlašte 4 (N. Lekajn)
Samson Paβlə̑č́ə̑m mə̑j ške peljüd gutlašte peš sajə̑n užaten koltə̑šə̑m.
| Samson |
| Samson |
| Samson |
| Samson |
| na |
|
| Paβlə̑č́ə̑m |
| Paβlə̑č́ə̑m |
| Paβlə̑č́ə̑m |
| Pavlychym |
| na |
|
|
|
| peljüd |
| peljüd |
| peljüd |
| midnight |
| no |
|
| gutlašte |
| gutlašte |
| gutlašte |
| around |
| po |
| gutlašte |
| gutla | -šte |
| gutla | -šte |
| neighborhood | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| well |
| av |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| sajə̑n |
| each |
| po |
| sajə̑n |
| saj | -ə̑n |
| saj | -n |
| good | -GEN |
| ad/av | -case |
|
| užaten |
| užat | -en | -Ø |
| užate | -en | -Ø |
| accompany | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| užaten |
| užat | -en |
| užate | -en |
| accompany | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| koltə̑šə̑m. |
| koltə̑š | -ə̑m |
| koltə̑š | -m |
| conductivity | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| koltə̑šə̑m. |
| koltə̑šə̑ | -m |
| koltə̑šo | -m |
| sender | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
| koltə̑šə̑m. |
| koltə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| kolto | -š | -ə̑m |
| send | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| koltə̑šə̑m. |
| koltə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| kolto | -še | -m |
| send | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
|
gutlašte 5 (M. Šketan)
Ik tə̑lze gutlašte škol kollektiβ βij dene kum spektakl'ə̑m šə̑ndə̑šna.
|
|
| tə̑lze |
| tə̑lze |
| tə̑lze |
| moon |
| no |
|
| gutlašte |
| gutlašte |
| gutlašte |
| around |
| po |
| gutlašte |
| gutla | -šte |
| gutla | -šte |
| neighborhood | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| kollektiβ |
| kollektiβ |
| kollektiβ |
| collective |
| no |
|
| βij |
| βij | -Ø |
| βije | -Ø |
| justify.oneself | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| βij |
| βij | -Ø |
| βije | -Ø |
| justify.oneself | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
|
| kum |
| kum |
| kum |
| godfather.of.one's.child |
| no |
|
| spektakl'ə̑m |
| spektakl' | -ə̑m |
| spektakl' | -m |
| performance | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šə̑ndə̑šna. |
| šə̑ndə̑š | -na |
| šə̑ndə̑š | -na |
| sheaves.in.drying.barn | -1PL |
| no | -poss |
| šə̑ndə̑šna. |
| šə̑ndə̑ | -š | -na |
| šə̑nde | -š | -na |
| put | -PST1 | -1PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gu-u-uj 1 (O. Ipaj)
Jualge gə̑nat, turij-βlak, aŋa ümbač́ə̑n kə̑nelə̑n, progal južə̑m šüten, küškö muren küzatat, gu-u-uj ülə̑k βolen kajat.
| Jualge |
| Jualge |
| jualge |
| cool |
| ad/no |
| Jualge |
| Jualge | -Ø |
| jualge | -Ø |
| cool | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Jualge |
| Jualge | -Ø |
| jualge | -Ø |
| cool | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| gə̑nat, |
| gə̑nat |
| gə̑nat |
| even.though |
| co/pa |
| gə̑nat, |
| gə̑na | -t |
| gə̑na | -at |
| only | -and |
| pa | -enc |
| gə̑nat, |
| gə̑n | -at |
| gə̑n | -at |
| if | -and |
| co/pa | -enc |
|
| turij-βlak, |
| turij | -βlak |
| turij | -βlak |
| lark | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| aŋa |
| aŋa |
| aŋa |
| strip.of.land |
| no |
|
| ümbač́ə̑n |
| ümbač́ə̑n |
| ümbač́ə̑n |
| from.above |
| av/po |
|
| kə̑nelə̑n, |
| kə̑ńel | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| kə̑ńel | -n | -Ø |
| get.up | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kə̑nelə̑n, |
| kə̑ńel | -ə̑n |
| kə̑ńel | -n |
| get.up | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| progal |
| progal |
| progal |
| glade |
| no |
|
| južə̑m |
| juž | -ə̑m |
| juž | -m |
| air | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| južə̑m |
| južə̑ | -m |
| južo | -m |
| some | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
| južə̑m |
| ju | -žə̑ | -m |
| ju | -že | -m |
| magic | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
| južə̑m |
| ju | -žə̑ | -m |
| ju | -že | -m |
| cool | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| šüten, |
| šüt | -en | -Ø |
| šütö | -en | -Ø |
| pierce | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šüten, |
| šüt | -en |
| šütö | -en |
| pierce | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| küškö |
| kü | -škö |
| kü | -ške |
| stone | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| muren |
| mur | -en | -Ø |
| muro | -en | -Ø |
| sing | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| muren |
| mur | -en |
| muro | -en |
| sing | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| küzatat, |
| küz | -at | -at |
| küzö | -at | -at |
| go.up | -3PL | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
|
| gu-u-uj |
| gu-u-uj |
| gu-u-uj |
| X |
| de |
|
| ülə̑k |
| ülə̑k |
| ülə̑k |
| downwards |
| av |
|
| βolen |
| βol | -en | -Ø |
| βolo | -en | -Ø |
| descend | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| βolen |
| βol | -en |
| βolo | -en |
| descend | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kajat. |
| kaj | -at |
| kaj | -at |
| X | -and |
| in | -enc |
| kajat. |
| kaj | -at |
| kaj | -at |
| aftergrass | -and |
| no | -enc |
| kajat. |
| kaj | -at |
| kaje | -at |
| go | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| kajat. |
| kaj | -a | -t |
| kaje | -a | -at |
| go | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
|
güdö-güdö 1 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Jašan ač́aže peč́e kapkam poč́o, da uškal-βlak Kazbek lüman kugu üškə̑ž poč́eš pasu mogə̑rə̑š güdö-güdö tarβanə̑št.
| Jašan |
| Jašan |
| Jašan |
| Yashan |
| na |
|
| ač́aže |
| ač́aže |
| ač́aže |
| my.dear |
| no |
| ač́aže |
| ač́a | -že |
| ač́a | -že |
| father | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| peč́e |
| peč́e |
| peč́e |
| fence |
| no |
| peč́e |
| peč́e |
| peč́e |
| outrunner |
| no |
| peč́e |
| peč́e | -Ø |
| peč́e | -Ø |
| fence.in | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| peč́e |
| peč́e | -Ø |
| peč́e | -Ø |
| fence.in | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| kapkam |
| kapka | -m |
| kapka | -m |
| gate | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| kapkam |
| kapka | -m |
| kapka | -em |
| gate | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| kapkam |
| kapka | -m | -Ø |
| kapka | -em | -Ø |
| gate | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| kapkam |
| kapka | -m | -Ø |
| kapka | -em | -Ø |
| gate | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| kapkam |
| kapka | -m | -Ø |
| kapka | -em | -Ø |
| gate | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| poč́o, |
| poč́ | -o |
| poč́ | -Je |
| open | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
|
| uškal-βlak |
| uškal | -βlak |
| uškal | -βlak |
| cow | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| Kazbek |
| Kazbek |
| Kazbek |
| Kazbek |
| na |
|
| lüman |
| lüman |
| lüman |
| named |
| ad |
| lüman |
| lüman |
| lüman |
| scabby |
| ad |
| lüman |
| lüman |
| lüman |
| with.glue |
| ad |
| lüman |
| lüm | -an |
| lüm | -an |
| name | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| lüman |
| lüm | -an |
| lümö | -an |
| sore | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| lüman |
| lüm | -an |
| lümö | -an |
| glue | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
|
| üškə̑ž |
| üškə̑ž |
| üškə̑ž |
| bull |
| no |
| üškə̑ž |
| üš | -kə̑ | -ž |
| üš | -ške | -že |
| club | -ILL | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| poč́eš |
| recent |
| ad/av/po |
| poč́eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| tail | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| poč́eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| poč́ | -eš |
| open | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
|
| mogə̑rə̑š |
| mogə̑rə̑š |
| mogə̑rə̑š |
| in.the.direction.of |
| po |
| mogə̑rə̑š |
| mogə̑r | -ə̑š |
| mogə̑r | -š |
| body | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| güdö-güdö |
| güdö-güdö |
| güdö-güdö |
| X |
| de |
|
| tarβanə̑št. |
| tarβanə̑ | -št |
| tarβane | -št |
| move | -IMP.3PL |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| tarβanə̑št. |
| tarβanə̑ | -š | -t |
| tarβane | -š | -t |
| move | -PST1 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
güž 1 (J. Osmin)
Tuš ludige-šamə̑č́ tolə̑n, tə̑mə̑k jüdə̑m tarβatat, güž šoktalme jükə̑m kolə̑n, tə̑manmeške jomə̑ldat.
| Tuš |
| Tu | -š |
| tu | -š |
| that | -ILL |
| pr | -case |
| Tuš |
| Tu | -š |
| tu | -š |
| gland | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| Tuš |
| Tu | -š |
| tu | -š |
| banner | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| ludige-šamə̑č́ |
| ludige | -šamə̑č́ |
| ludige | -šamə̑č́ |
| duckling | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| tolə̑n, |
| tol | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| tol | -n | -Ø |
| come | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| tolə̑n, |
| tol | -ə̑n |
| tol | -n |
| come | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| tə̑mə̑k |
| tə̑mə̑k |
| tə̑mə̑k |
| quiet |
| ad/no |
|
| jüdə̑m |
| jüdə̑m |
| jüdə̑m |
| at.night |
| av |
| jüdə̑m |
| jüd | -ə̑m |
| jüd | -m |
| night | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| tarβatat, |
| tarβat | -at |
| tarβate | -at |
| move | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| tarβatat, |
| tarβat | -a | -t |
| tarβate | -a | -at |
| move | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| tarβatat, |
| tarβat | -Ø | -at |
| tarβate | -Ø | -at |
| move | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
|
| šoktalme |
| šoktal | -me |
| šoktal | -me |
| play | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| jükə̑m |
| jük | -ə̑m |
| jük | -m |
| voice | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kolə̑n, |
| kol | -ə̑n |
| kol | -n |
| fish | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| kolə̑n, |
| kol | -ə̑n |
| kol | -n |
| Pisces | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| kolə̑n, |
| kolə̑ | -n |
| kolo | -n |
| twenty | -GEN |
| nm | -case |
| kolə̑n, |
| kol | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| kol | -n | -Ø |
| hear | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kolə̑n, |
| kol | -ə̑n |
| kol | -n |
| hear | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| tə̑manmeške |
| tə̑manmeške |
| tə̑manmeške |
| at.once |
| av |
|
| jomə̑ldat. |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
güžge 1
Kožer güžge muren šoga.
| Kožer |
| Kožer |
| kožer |
| spruce.forest |
| no |
|
|
| muren |
| mur | -en | -Ø |
| muro | -en | -Ø |
| sing | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| muren |
| mur | -en |
| muro | -en |
| sing | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šoga. |
| šoga |
| šoga |
| plough |
| no |
| šoga. |
| šog | -a |
| šogo | -a |
| stand | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
güž-ž-ž 1 (A. Juzə̑kajn)
Pušeŋge-βlakat neraltə̑mə̑la kojə̑n šogat. Izi mardež pualmə̑lan lijə̑n, č́arnə̑de ik semə̑n güž-ž-ž-ž šokta.
| Pušeŋge-βlakat |
| Pušeŋge | -βlak | -at |
| pušeŋge | -βlak | -at |
| tree | -PL | -and |
| no | -num | -enc |
|
| neraltə̑mə̑la |
| neraltə̑ | -mə̑la |
| neralte | -mə̑la |
| have.a.nap | -INF.FUT |
| vb2 | -inf |
| neraltə̑mə̑la |
| neraltə̑ | -mə̑ | -la |
| neralte | -me | -la |
| have.a.nap | -PTCP.PASS | -COMP |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
| neraltə̑mə̑la |
| neraltə̑ | -mə̑ | -la |
| neralte | -me | -la |
| have.a.nap | -PTCP.PASS | -PL |
| vb2 | -ad | -num |
| neraltə̑mə̑la |
| neraltə̑ | -mə̑ | -la |
| neralte | -me | -la |
| have.a.nap | -PTCP.PASS | -STR |
| vb2 | -ad | -enc |
|
| kojə̑n |
| kojə̑n |
| kojə̑n |
| noticeably |
| av |
| kojə̑n |
| koj | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| koj | -n | -Ø |
| be.visible | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| kojə̑n |
| koj | -ə̑n |
| koj | -n |
| be.visible | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| šogat. |
| šoga | -t |
| šoga | -et |
| plough | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| šogat. |
| šoga | -t |
| šoga | -at |
| plough | -and |
| no | -enc |
| šogat. |
| šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| stop | -and |
| vb | -enc |
| šogat. |
| šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| mute | -and |
| ad | -enc |
| šogat. |
| šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| stand | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šogat. |
| šog | -a | -t |
| šogo | -a | -at |
| stand | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| šogat. |
| šog | -Ø | -at |
| šogo | -Ø | -at |
| stand | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
|
| mardež |
| mardež |
| mardež |
| wind |
| no |
|
| pualmə̑lan |
| pual | -mə̑ | -lan |
| pual | -me | -lan |
| blow | -PTCP.PASS | -DAT |
| vb1 | -ad | -case |
| pualmə̑lan |
| pual | -mə̑ | -lan |
| pual | -me | -lan |
| swell | -PTCP.PASS | -DAT |
| vb1 | -ad | -case |
| pualmə̑lan |
| pual | -mə̑ | -la | -n |
| pual | -me | -la | -n |
| blow | -PTCP.PASS | -PL | -GEN |
| vb1 | -ad | -num | -case |
| pualmə̑lan |
| pual | -mə̑ | -la | -n |
| pual | -me | -la | -n |
| swell | -PTCP.PASS | -PL | -GEN |
| vb1 | -ad | -num | -case |
|
| lijə̑n, |
| lijə̑n |
| lijə̑n |
| as.a |
| po |
| lijə̑n, |
| lij | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lij | -n | -Ø |
| be | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| lijə̑n, |
| lij | -ə̑n |
| lij | -n |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| č́arnə̑de |
| č́arnə̑de |
| č́arnə̑de |
| continually |
| av |
| č́arnə̑de |
| č́arnə̑ | -de |
| č́arne | -de |
| stop | -CVB.NEG |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
|
| semə̑n |
| semə̑n |
| semə̑n |
| like |
| po |
| semə̑n |
| sem | -ə̑n |
| sem | -n |
| melody | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| semə̑n |
| sem | -ə̑n |
| sem | -n |
| sense | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| güž-ž-ž-ž |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| šokta. |
| šokt | -a |
| šokto | -a |
| be.heard | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
güžlaltaš 1 (V. Č́alaj)
Osal jük den güžlaltə̑n šogat okna jə̑malne arə̑mšudo, nuž.
| Osal |
| Osal |
| osal |
| evil |
| ad/no |
|
|
|
| güžlaltə̑n |
| güžlalt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| güžlalt | -n | -Ø |
| make.a.noise | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| güžlaltə̑n |
| güžlalt | -ə̑n |
| güžlalt | -n |
| make.a.noise | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| güžlaltə̑n |
| güžl | -alt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| güžlö | -alt | -n | -Ø |
| rustle | -REF | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| güžlaltə̑n |
| güžl | -alt | -ə̑n |
| güžlö | -alt | -n |
| rustle | -REF | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| šogat |
| šoga | -t |
| šoga | -et |
| plough | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| šogat |
| šoga | -t |
| šoga | -at |
| plough | -and |
| no | -enc |
| šogat |
| šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| stop | -and |
| vb | -enc |
| šogat |
| šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| mute | -and |
| ad | -enc |
| šogat |
| šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| stand | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šogat |
| šog | -a | -t |
| šogo | -a | -at |
| stand | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| šogat |
| šog | -Ø | -at |
| šogo | -Ø | -at |
| stand | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
|
| jə̑malne |
| jə̑malne |
| jə̑malne |
| at.the.bottom |
| av/po |
|
| arə̑mšudo, |
| arə̑mšudo |
| arə̑mšudo |
| wormwood |
| no |
|
| nuž. |
| nu | -ž |
| nu | -že |
| well | -3SG |
| in/pa | -poss |
|
güžlaltše 1
Tə̑mə̑k juž güžlaltše jük dene aβaltə̑n.
| Tə̑mə̑k |
| Tə̑mə̑k |
| tə̑mə̑k |
| quiet |
| ad/no |
|
| juž |
| ju | -ž |
| ju | -že |
| magic | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| juž |
| ju | -ž |
| ju | -že |
| cool | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| güžlaltše |
| güžlaltše |
| güžlaltše |
| noisy |
| ad |
| güžlaltše |
| güžlalt | -še |
| güžlalt | -še |
| make.a.noise | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| güžlaltše |
| güžlalt | -še |
| güžlalt | -že |
| make.a.noise | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| güžlaltše |
| güžl | -alt | -še |
| güžlö | -alt | -še |
| rustle | -REF | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -ad |
| güžlaltše |
| güžlalt | -Ø | -še |
| güžlalt | -Ø | -že |
| make.a.noise | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| güžlaltše |
| güžlalt | -Ø | -še |
| güžlalt | -Ø | -že |
| make.a.noise | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
| güžlaltše |
| güžl | -alt | -še |
| güžlö | -alt | -že |
| rustle | -REF | -IMP.3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| güžlaltše |
| güžl | -alt | -Ø | -še |
| güžlö | -alt | -Ø | -že |
| rustle | -REF | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -conn | -poss |
| güžlaltše |
| güžl | -alt | -Ø | -še |
| güžlö | -alt | -Ø | -že |
| rustle | -REF | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv | -poss |
|
|
|
| aβaltə̑n. |
| aβalt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| aβalt | -n | -Ø |
| be.covered.with | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| aβaltə̑n. |
| aβalt | -ə̑n |
| aβalt | -n |
| be.covered.with | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| aβaltə̑n. |
| aβ | -alt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| aβe | -alt | -n | -Ø |
| cut | -REF | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| aβaltə̑n. |
| aβ | -alt | -ə̑n |
| aβe | -alt | -n |
| cut | -REF | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
güžlanaš 1 (M. Kazakoβ)
Lə̑žga mardež dene pünč́er güžlana, tutlo kiš pušə̑m šara.
| Lə̑žga |
| Lə̑žga |
| lə̑žga |
| soft |
| ad |
| Lə̑žga |
| Lə̑žg | -a |
| lə̑žge | -a |
| rustle | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| mardež |
| mardež |
| mardež |
| wind |
| no |
|
|
| pünč́er |
| pünč́er |
| pünč́er |
| pine.forest |
| no |
| pünč́er |
| pünč́er |
| pünč́er |
| Sosnovka |
| pn |
|
| güžlana, |
| güžlan | -a |
| güžlane | -a |
| rustle | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| tutlo |
| tutlo |
| tutlo |
| tasty |
| ad |
|
|
| pušə̑m |
| puš | -ə̑m |
| puš | -m |
| boat | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| pušə̑m |
| puš | -ə̑m |
| puš | -m |
| smell | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šara. |
| šara |
| šara |
| bright |
| ad |
| šara. |
| šara |
| šara |
| extensive |
| ad |
| šara. |
| šara |
| šara |
| glanders |
| no |
| šara. |
| šar | -a |
| šare | -a |
| spread.out | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
güžlanaš 2 (V. Dmitrijeβ)
Iziš ördə̑žtə̑rak ladə̑ra kue güžlanen šoga.
| Iziš |
| Izi | -š |
| izi | -š |
| small | -ILL |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| ördə̑žtə̑rak |
| ördə̑žtə̑ | -rak |
| ördə̑žtö | -rak |
| at.the.side | -COMP |
| av/po | -deg |
| ördə̑žtə̑rak |
| ördə̑žtə̑ | -Ø | -rak |
| ördə̑žtö | -Ø | -rak |
| heel | -CNG | -COMP |
| vb2 | -conn | -deg |
|
| ladə̑ra |
| ladə̑ra |
| ladə̑ra |
| branchy |
| ad |
|
|
| güžlanen |
| güžlan | -en | -Ø |
| güžlane | -en | -Ø |
| rustle | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| güžlanen |
| güžlan | -en |
| güžlane | -en |
| rustle | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šoga. |
| šoga |
| šoga |
| plough |
| no |
| šoga. |
| šog | -a |
| šogo | -a |
| stand | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
güžlanə̑maš 1 (K. Vasin)
Vüd jogə̑mo jük č́odə̑ra güžlanə̑maške ušna.
|
|
| jogə̑mo |
| jogə̑mo |
| jogə̑mo |
| streaming |
| ad |
| jogə̑mo |
| jogə̑ | -mo |
| jogo | -me |
| flow | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
|
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| forest |
| no |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| coarse |
| ad |
|
| güžlanə̑maške |
| güžlanə̑maš | -ke |
| güžlanə̑maš | -ške |
| rustling | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| güžlanə̑maške |
| güžlanə̑ | -maš | -ke |
| güžlane | -maš | -ške |
| rustle | -NMLZ | -ILL |
| vb2 | -deriv.n | -case |
|
| ušna. |
| uš | -na |
| uš | -na |
| mind | -1PL |
| no | -poss |
| ušna. |
| ušn | -a |
| ušno | -a |
| join | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
güžlanə̑me 1 (Ju. Artamonoβ)
Prijomnik gə̑č́ muzə̑ka joŋgalte. Tušto č́ə̑lažat ulo: č́odə̑ra güžlanə̑me, tütan mardež pualme.
| Prijomnik |
| Prijomnik |
| prijomnik |
| receiver |
| no |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
|
| joŋgalte. |
| joŋgalt | -e |
| joŋgalt | -Je |
| sound | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| joŋgalte. |
| joŋg | -alt | -e |
| joŋgo | -alt | -Je |
| sound | -REF | -PST1.3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense.pers |
|
| Tušto |
| Tušto |
| tušto |
| there |
| av/pa/pr |
| Tušto |
| Tušto |
| tušto |
| riddle |
| no |
| Tušto |
| Tu | -što |
| tu | -šte |
| that | -INE |
| pr | -case |
| Tušto |
| Tu | -što |
| tu | -šte |
| gland | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Tušto |
| Tu | -što |
| tu | -šte |
| banner | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Tušto |
| Tuš | -to |
| tuš | -šte |
| seed | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Tušto |
| Tuš | -to |
| tuš | -šte |
| flourish | -INE |
| no | -case |
| Tušto |
| Tuš | -to |
| tuš | -šte |
| there | -INE |
| av/pr | -case |
| Tušto |
| Tušto | -Ø |
| tušto | -Ø |
| ask | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Tušto |
| Tušto | -Ø |
| tušto | -Ø |
| ask | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| č́ə̑lažat |
| č́ə̑lažat |
| č́ə̑lažat |
| in.total |
| pr |
| č́ə̑lažat |
| č́ə̑laž | -at |
| č́ə̑laže | -at |
| everything | -and |
| pr | -enc |
| č́ə̑lažat |
| č́ə̑la | -ž | -at |
| č́ə̑la | -že | -at |
| everything | -3SG | -and |
| ad/pa/pr | -poss | -enc |
|
|
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| forest |
| no |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| coarse |
| ad |
|
| güžlanə̑me, |
| güžlanə̑ | -me |
| güžlane | -me |
| rustle | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| tütan |
| tütan |
| tütan |
| storm |
| no |
|
| mardež |
| mardež |
| mardež |
| wind |
| no |
|
| pualme. |
| pual | -me |
| pual | -me |
| blow | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
| pualme. |
| pual | -me |
| pual | -me |
| swell | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
güžlanə̑še 1 (V. Dmitrijeβ)
Korno kok mogə̑rə̑što mardež dene güžlanə̑še tə̑gə̑de pušeŋge-βlak koklašte oš šoβə̑č́ dene leβedaltše lombo-βlak rüpšaltə̑t.
| Korno |
| Korno |
| korno |
| road |
| no |
|
|
| mogə̑rə̑što |
| mogə̑rə̑što |
| mogə̑rə̑što |
| on.the.side |
| po |
| mogə̑rə̑što |
| mogə̑r | -ə̑što |
| mogə̑r | -šte |
| body | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| mardež |
| mardež |
| mardež |
| wind |
| no |
|
|
| güžlanə̑še |
| güžlanə̑še |
| güžlanə̑še |
| rustling |
| ad |
| güžlanə̑še |
| güžlanə̑ | -še |
| güžlane | -še |
| rustle | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| tə̑gə̑de |
| tə̑gə̑de |
| tə̑gə̑de |
| fine |
| ad/no |
|
| pušeŋge-βlak |
| pušeŋge | -βlak |
| pušeŋge | -βlak |
| tree | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| koklašte |
| koklašte |
| koklašte |
| in |
| av/po |
| koklašte |
| kokla | -šte |
| kokla | -šte |
| distance | -INE |
| ad/no | -case |
| koklašte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| cook | -PL | -INE |
| no | -num | -case |
| koklašte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| kok | -la | -šte |
| two | -PL | -INE |
| nm | -num | -case |
|
|
| šoβə̑č́ |
| šoβə̑č́ |
| šoβə̑č́ |
| kerchief |
| no |
|
|
| leβedaltše |
| leβedalt | -še |
| leβedalt | -še |
| cover.oneself | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| leβedaltše |
| leβedalt | -še |
| leβedalt | -že |
| cover.oneself | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| leβedaltše |
| leβed | -alt | -še |
| leβed | -alt | -še |
| cover | -REF | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -ad |
| leβedaltše |
| leβedalt | -Ø | -še |
| leβedalt | -Ø | -že |
| cover.oneself | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| leβedaltše |
| leβedalt | -Ø | -še |
| leβedalt | -Ø | -že |
| cover.oneself | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
| leβedaltše |
| leβed | -alt | -še |
| leβed | -alt | -že |
| cover | -REF | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| leβedaltše |
| leβed | -alt | -Ø | -še |
| leβed | -alt | -Ø | -že |
| cover | -REF | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -conn | -poss |
| leβedaltše |
| leβed | -alt | -Ø | -še |
| leβed | -alt | -Ø | -že |
| cover | -REF | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -adv | -poss |
|
| lombo-βlak |
| lombo | -βlak |
| lombo | -βlak |
| bird.cherry.tree | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| rüpšaltə̑t. |
| rüpšalt | -ə̑t |
| rüpšalt | -ə̑t |
| rock | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
| rüpšaltə̑t. |
| rüpš | -alt | -ə̑t |
| rüpšö | -alt | -ə̑t |
| rock | -REF | -3PL |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -pers |
|
güžlaš 1 (V. Juksern)
Jə̑rβaš sip č́odə̑ra güžla.
| Jə̑rβaš |
| Jə̑rβaš |
| jə̑rβaš |
| around |
| av |
|
| sip |
| sip |
| sip |
| millstone.regulator |
| no |
|
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| forest |
| no |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| coarse |
| ad |
|
| güžla. |
| güž | -la |
| güž | -la |
| X | -STR |
| de | -enc |
| güžla. |
| güžl | -a |
| güžlö | -a |
| rustle | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
güžlaš 2 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Kazarma mükš omartala güžla.
| Kazarma |
| Kazarma |
| Kazarma |
| Kazarma |
| na |
|
|
| omartala |
| omarta | -la |
| omarta | -la |
| stump | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| omartala |
| omarta | -la |
| omarta | -la |
| stump | -PL |
| no | -num |
| omartala |
| omarta | -la |
| omarta | -la |
| stump | -STR |
| no | -enc |
|
| güžla. |
| güž | -la |
| güž | -la |
| X | -STR |
| de | -enc |
| güžla. |
| güžl | -a |
| güžlö | -a |
| rustle | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
güžlaš 3 (S. Nikolajeβ)
Elnet pünč́er tošto semə̑nak güžlen šoga.
| Elnet |
| Elnet |
| Elnet |
| Ilet |
| pn |
| Elnet |
| Eln | -et |
| elne | -et |
| tire | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| Elnet |
| Eln | -et |
| elne | -et |
| run | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| pünč́er |
| pünč́er |
| pünč́er |
| pine.forest |
| no |
| pünč́er |
| pünč́er |
| pünč́er |
| Sosnovka |
| pn |
|
| tošto |
| tošto |
| tošto |
| old |
| ad/no |
| tošto |
| toš | -to |
| toš | -šte |
| butt | -INE |
| no | -case |
| tošto |
| tošt | -o |
| tošt | -Je |
| dare | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| semə̑nak |
| semə̑n | -ak |
| semə̑n | -ak |
| like | -STR |
| po | -enc |
| semə̑nak |
| sem | -ə̑n | -ak |
| sem | -n | -ak |
| melody | -GEN | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
| semə̑nak |
| sem | -ə̑n | -ak |
| sem | -n | -ak |
| sense | -GEN | -STR |
| no | -case | -enc |
|
| güžlen |
| güžl | -en | -Ø |
| güžlö | -en | -Ø |
| rustle | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| güžlen |
| güžl | -en |
| güžlö | -en |
| rustle | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| šoga. |
| šoga |
| šoga |
| plough |
| no |
| šoga. |
| šog | -a |
| šogo | -a |
| stand | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
güžlə̑maš 1 (A. Juzə̑kajn)
Tide güžlə̑maš utə̑r βele ə̑lə̑že, βaraže kə̑č́kə̑rkalə̑maš dene almaštalte.
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Tide |
| Tide | -Ø |
| tide | -Ø |
| drop.into.boiling.water | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| güžlə̑maš |
| güžlə̑maš |
| güžlə̑maš |
| rustling |
| no |
| güžlə̑maš |
| güžlə̑ | -maš |
| güžlö | -maš |
| rustle | -NMLZ |
| vb2 | -deriv.n |
|
| utə̑r |
| utə̑r |
| utə̑r |
| more.and.more |
| av |
| utə̑r |
| utə̑r |
| utə̑r |
| something.excessive |
| no |
|
| βele |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| βele |
| βel | -'e |
| βel | -Je |
| spill | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| βele |
| βele | -Ø |
| βele | -Ø |
| spill | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| ə̑lə̑že, |
| ə̑l | -'e | -že |
| ul | -Je | -že |
| be | -PST1.3SG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers | -poss |
| ə̑lə̑že, |
| ə̑lə̑ž | -e |
| ə̑lə̑ž | -Je |
| flare.up | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| βaraže |
| βaraže |
| βaraže |
| then |
| av |
| βaraže |
| βara | -že |
| βara | -že |
| pole | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| βaraže |
| βara | -že |
| βara | -že |
| then | -3SG |
| av/pa | -poss |
| βaraže |
| βar | -a | -že |
| βare | -a | -že |
| mix | -3SG | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers | -poss |
|
| kə̑č́kə̑rkalə̑maš |
| kə̑č́kə̑rkalə̑maš |
| kə̑č́kə̑rkalə̑maš |
| screaming |
| no |
| kə̑č́kə̑rkalə̑maš |
| kə̑č́kə̑rkalə̑ | -maš |
| kə̑č́kə̑rkale | -maš |
| cry | -NMLZ |
| vb2 | -deriv.n |
|
|
| almaštalte. |
| almaštalt | -e |
| almaštalt | -Je |
| be.changed | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| almaštalte. |
| almašt | -alt | -e |
| almašt | -alt | -Je |
| be.changed | -REF | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -tense.pers |
| almaštalte. |
| almašt | -alt | -e |
| almašte | -alt | -Je |
| replace | -REF | -PST1.3SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -tense.pers |
|
güžlə̑mö 1 (K. Vasin)
Küsle jükə̑štö kugu č́odə̑ra güžlə̑mö, eŋer šurgen jogə̑mo šokta.
| Küsle |
| Küsle |
| küsle |
| gusli |
| no |
|
| jükə̑štö |
| jük | -ə̑štö |
| jük | -šte |
| voice | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
|
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| forest |
| no |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| č́odə̑ra |
| coarse |
| ad |
|
| güžlə̑mö, |
| güžlə̑ | -mö |
| güžlö | -me |
| rustle | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
|
| šurgen |
| šurgen |
| šurgen |
| noisily |
| av |
| šurgen |
| šurg | -en | -Ø |
| šurgo | -en | -Ø |
| be.noisy | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šurgen |
| šurg | -en |
| šurgo | -en |
| be.noisy | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| jogə̑mo |
| jogə̑mo |
| jogə̑mo |
| streaming |
| ad |
| jogə̑mo |
| jogə̑ | -mo |
| jogo | -me |
| flow | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| šokta. |
| šokt | -a |
| šokto | -a |
| be.heard | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gül 1
Gül saska
|
|
| saska |
| saska |
| saska |
| berries |
| no |
|
gül 2 («Onč́ə̑ko»)
Gül šinč́at den onč́al-jan rašrak, kidə̑štet kə̑zə̑t ulo tüńa.
|
|
| šinč́at |
| šinč́a | -t |
| šinč́a | -et |
| eye | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| šinč́at |
| šinč́a | -t |
| šinč́a | -at |
| eye | -and |
| no | -enc |
| šinč́at |
| šinč́ | -at |
| šinč́ | -at |
| sit.down | -2SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| šinč́at |
| šinč́ | -at |
| šinč́e | -at |
| sit | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šinč́at |
| šinč́ | -at |
| šinč́e | -at |
| know | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šinč́at |
| šinč́ | -a | -t |
| šinč́e | -a | -at |
| sit | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| šinč́at |
| šinč́ | -a | -t |
| šinč́e | -a | -at |
| know | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| šinč́at |
| šinč́ | -Ø | -at |
| šinč́ | -Ø | -at |
| sit.down | -CNG | -and |
| vb1 | -conn | -enc |
| šinč́at |
| šinč́ | -Ø | -at |
| šinč́ | -Ø | -at |
| sit.down | -CVB | -and |
| vb1 | -adv | -enc |
| šinč́at |
| šinč́ | - | -at |
| šinč́ | -Je | -at |
| sit.down | -PST1.3SG | -and |
| vb1 | -tense.pers | -enc |
| šinč́at |
| šinč́ | -Ø | -at |
| šinč́e | -Ø | -at |
| sit | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
| šinč́at |
| šinč́ | -Ø | -at |
| šinč́e | -Ø | -at |
| know | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
|
| onč́al-jan |
| onč́al | -Ø | -jan |
| onč́al | -Ø | -jan |
| look | -IMP.2SG | -WEAK |
| vb1 | -mood.pers | -enc |
|
| rašrak, |
| raš | -rak |
| raš | -rak |
| clear | -COMP |
| ad/av | -deg |
|
| kidə̑štet |
| kid | -ə̑št | -et |
| kid | -šte | -et |
| hand | -INE | -2SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| kə̑zə̑t |
| kə̑zə̑t |
| kə̑zə̑t |
| now |
| av |
|
|
|
güldə̑rdə̑k 1 (M.-Azmekej)
Vakškü, šümeš logalten, güldə̑rdə̑k, güldə̑rdə̑k mügə̑ra.
| Vakškü, |
| Vakškü |
| βakškü |
| millstone |
| no |
|
| šümeš |
| šüm | -eš |
| šüm | -eš |
| heart | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šümeš |
| šüm | -eš |
| šüm | -eš |
| feeling | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| šümeš |
| šüm | -eš |
| šüm | -eš |
| bark | -LAT |
| no | -case |
|
| logalten, |
| logalt | -en | -Ø |
| logalte | -en | -Ø |
| hit | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| logalten, |
| logalt | -en |
| logalte | -en |
| hit | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| güldə̑rdə̑k, |
| güldə̑rdə̑k |
| güldə̑rdə̑k |
| X |
| de |
|
| güldə̑rdə̑k |
| güldə̑rdə̑k |
| güldə̑rdə̑k |
| X |
| de |
|
| mügə̑ra. |
| mügə̑r | -a |
| mügə̑rö | -a |
| roar | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gür-gür-gür 1 (N. Lekajn)
Keneta gür-gür mügə̑raš tüŋale.
| Keneta |
| Keneta |
| keneta |
| suddenly |
| av |
|
|
| mügə̑raš |
| mügə̑r | -aš |
| mügə̑rö | -aš |
| roar | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| tüŋale. |
| tüŋal | -'e |
| tüŋal | -Je |
| start | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gür-gür-gür 2 (M.-Azmekej)
Kurə̑k ümbalnə̑se pünč́erə̑šte küdə̑r-βlak gür-gür-gür, gür-gür-gür murat.
| Kurə̑k |
| Kurə̑k |
| kurə̑k |
| mountain |
| no |
|
| ümbalnə̑se |
| ümbalnə̑se |
| ümbalnə̑se |
| upper |
| ad/po |
|
| pünč́erə̑šte |
| pünč́er | -ə̑šte |
| pünč́er | -šte |
| pine.forest | -INE |
| no | -case |
| pünč́erə̑šte |
| pünč́er | -ə̑šte |
| pünč́er | -šte |
| Sosnovka | -INE |
| pn | -case |
|
| küdə̑r-βlak |
| küdə̑r | -βlak |
| küdə̑r | -βlak |
| black.grouse | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| gür-gür-gür, |
| gür-gür-gür |
| gür-gür-gür |
| X |
| de |
|
| gür-gür-gür |
| gür-gür-gür |
| gür-gür-gür |
| X |
| de |
|
| murat. |
| mur | -at |
| muro | -at |
| song | -and |
| no | -enc |
| murat. |
| mur | -at |
| muro | -at |
| sing | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| murat. |
| mur | -a | -t |
| muro | -a | -at |
| sing | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| murat. |
| mur | -Ø | -at |
| muro | -Ø | -at |
| sing | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
gürgə̑ktaš 1 (Ja. Jalkajn)
Aeroplanže gürgə̑kten, pasu den jal ümbač́ kum jə̑r pördə̑n saβə̑rnə̑š.
| Aeroplanže |
| Aeroplan | -že |
| aeroplan | -že |
| airplane | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| gürgə̑kten, |
| gürgə̑kt | -en | -Ø |
| gürgə̑ktö | -en | -Ø |
| rumble | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| gürgə̑kten, |
| gürgə̑kt | -en |
| gürgə̑ktö | -en |
| rumble | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
|
|
|
| ümbač́ |
| ümbač́ |
| ümbač́ |
| from.above |
| av/po |
|
| kum |
| kum |
| kum |
| godfather.of.one's.child |
| no |
|
| jə̑r |
| jə̑r |
| jə̑r |
| around |
| ad/av/no/po |
|
| pördə̑n |
| pörd | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| pörd | -n | -Ø |
| turn | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| pördə̑n |
| pörd | -ə̑n |
| pörd | -n |
| turn | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| saβə̑rnə̑š. |
| saβə̑rnə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| saβə̑rne | -š | -Ø |
| turn | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gürgə̑ktaš 2
Šukerte ogə̑l küdə̑rč́ö gürgə̑kten nale.
| Šukerte |
| Šukerte |
| šukerte |
| long.ago |
| av |
|
| ogə̑l |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
| küdə̑rč́ö |
| küdə̑rč́ö |
| küdə̑rč́ö |
| thunder |
| no |
|
| gürgə̑kten |
| gürgə̑kt | -en | -Ø |
| gürgə̑ktö | -en | -Ø |
| rumble | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| gürgə̑kten |
| gürgə̑kt | -en |
| gürgə̑ktö | -en |
| rumble | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| nale. |
| nal'e |
| nal'e |
| soft.red.clay |
| no |
| nale. |
| nal | -'e |
| nal | -Je |
| take | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gürlaš 1 (M. Jakimoβ)
Torase küdə̑rč́ö, gürlen, surgalt ertə̑š.
| Torase |
| Torase |
| torase |
| distant |
| ad |
| Torase |
| Tora | -se |
| tora | -se |
| gap | -ADJ |
| ad/av/no | -deriv.ad |
|
| küdə̑rč́ö, |
| küdə̑rč́ö |
| küdə̑rč́ö |
| thunder |
| no |
|
| gürlen, |
| gürl | -en | -Ø |
| gürlö | -en | -Ø |
| rumble | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| gürlen, |
| gürl | -en |
| gürlö | -en |
| rumble | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| surgalt |
| surgalt | -Ø |
| surgalt | -Ø |
| be.heard | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| surgalt |
| surgalt | -Ø |
| surgalt | -Ø |
| be.heard | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| surgalt |
| surgalt | -Ø |
| surgalt | -Ø |
| be.heard | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| surgalt |
| surg | -alt | -Ø |
| surgo | -alt | -Ø |
| thunder | -REF | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| surgalt |
| surg | -alt | -Ø |
| surgo | -alt | -Ø |
| thunder | -REF | -CNG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -conn |
| surgalt |
| surg | -alt | -Ø |
| surgo | -alt | -Ø |
| thunder | -REF | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| ertə̑š. |
| ertə̑š |
| ertə̑š |
| history |
| no |
| ertə̑š. |
| ertə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| erte | -š | -Ø |
| pass | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gürlaš 2 (V. Rožkin)
Boj gürlen jə̑rβaš peš talə̑n.
|
|
| gürlen |
| gürl | -en | -Ø |
| gürlö | -en | -Ø |
| rumble | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| gürlen |
| gürl | -en |
| gürlö | -en |
| rumble | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| jə̑rβaš |
| jə̑rβaš |
| jə̑rβaš |
| around |
| av |
|
|
| talə̑n. |
| talə̑n |
| talə̑n |
| strongly |
| av |
| talə̑n. |
| talə̑ | -n |
| tale | -n |
| bold | -GEN |
| ad | -case |
|
gürlaš 3 (M.-Azmekej)
Šonanpə̑l gaj βurgeman kögörč́en-βlakat kuanen gürlat.
| Šonanpə̑l |
| Šonanpə̑l |
| šonanpə̑l |
| rainbow |
| no |
|
| gaj |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
| βurgeman |
| βurgeman |
| βurgeman |
| clothed |
| ad |
| βurgeman |
| βurgem | -an |
| βurgem | -an |
| clothes | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
| kögörč́en-βlakat |
| kögörč́en | -βlak | -at |
| kögörč́en | -βlak | -at |
| pigeon | -PL | -and |
| no | -num | -enc |
|
| kuanen |
| kuanen |
| kuanen |
| happily |
| av |
| kuanen |
| kuan | -en | -Ø |
| kuane | -en | -Ø |
| rejoice | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kuanen |
| kuan | -en |
| kuane | -en |
| rejoice | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| gürlat. |
| gürl | -at |
| gürlö | -at |
| rumble | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| gürlat. |
| gürl | -a | -t |
| gürlö | -a | -at |
| rumble | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| gürlat. |
| gürl | -Ø | -at |
| gürlö | -Ø | -at |
| rumble | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
gürlə̑maš 1 (A. Puškin)
Šüm-č́on tütanə̑n gürlə̑mašte keč́em-βlak ertə̑št juarlen.
| Šüm-č́on |
| Šüm-č́on |
| šüm-č́on |
| heart |
| ad/no |
|
| tütanə̑n |
| tütan | -ə̑n |
| tütan | -n |
| storm | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| gürlə̑mašte |
| gürlə̑maš | -te |
| gürlə̑maš | -šte |
| rumble | -INE |
| no | -case |
| gürlə̑mašte |
| gürlə̑ | -maš | -te |
| gürlö | -maš | -šte |
| rumble | -NMLZ | -INE |
| vb2 | -deriv.n | -case |
|
| keč́em-βlak |
| keč́ | -em | -βlak |
| keč́e | -em | -βlak |
| sun | -1SG | -PL |
| no | -poss | -num |
|
| ertə̑št |
| ertə̑ | -št |
| erte | -št |
| pass | -IMP.3PL |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ertə̑št |
| ertə̑ | -š | -t |
| erte | -š | -t |
| pass | -PST1 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| juarlen. |
| juarl | -en | -Ø |
| juarle | -en | -Ø |
| romp | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| juarlen. |
| juarl | -en |
| juarle | -en |
| romp | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gürlə̑mö 1 (Ja. Jalkajn)
«Uram» kə̑č́kə̑ralme, samol'ot-βlakə̑n gürlə̑mə̑št, č́ə̑la pajrem jük šoktə̑mo gaj šižə̑lteš.
| «Uram» |
| Ura | -m |
| ura | -m |
| restless | -ACC |
| ad | -case |
| «Uram» |
| Ura | -m |
| ura | -m |
| hurray! | -ACC |
| in/no | -case |
| «Uram» |
| Ura | -m |
| ura | -em |
| restless | -1SG |
| ad | -poss |
| «Uram» |
| Ura | -m |
| ura | -em |
| hurray! | -1SG |
| in/no | -poss |
| «Uram» |
| Ur | -am |
| ur | -am |
| fall | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| «Uram» |
| Ura | -m | -Ø |
| ura | -em | -Ø |
| restless | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| «Uram» |
| Ura | -m | -Ø |
| ura | -em | -Ø |
| hurray! | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| in/no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| «Uram» |
| Ura | -m | -Ø |
| ura | -em | -Ø |
| restless | -TRANS | -CNG |
| ad | -deriv.v | -conn |
| «Uram» |
| Ura | -m | -Ø |
| ura | -em | -Ø |
| hurray! | -TRANS | -CNG |
| in/no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| «Uram» |
| Ura | -m | -Ø |
| ura | -em | -Ø |
| restless | -TRANS | -CVB |
| ad | -deriv.v | -adv |
| «Uram» |
| Ura | -m | -Ø |
| ura | -em | -Ø |
| hurray! | -TRANS | -CVB |
| in/no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| kə̑č́kə̑ralme, |
| kə̑č́kə̑ralme |
| kə̑č́kə̑ralme |
| scream |
| ad |
| kə̑č́kə̑ralme, |
| kə̑č́kə̑ral | -me |
| kə̑č́kə̑ral | -me |
| shout | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| samol'ot-βlakə̑n |
| samol'ot | -βlak | -ə̑n |
| samol'ot | -βlak | -n |
| airplane | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| gürlə̑mə̑št, |
| gürlə̑mə̑ | -št |
| gürlə̑mö | -št |
| rumbling | -3PL |
| ad | -poss |
| gürlə̑mə̑št, |
| gürlə̑ | -mə̑ | -št |
| gürlö | -me | -št |
| rumble | -PTCP.PASS | -3PL |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss |
|
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| everything |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
| pajrem |
| pajrem |
| pajrem |
| holiday |
| no |
|
|
| šoktə̑mo |
| šoktə̑mo |
| šoktə̑mo |
| musical |
| ad |
| šoktə̑mo |
| šoktə̑ | -mo |
| šokto | -me |
| be.heard | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| gaj |
| gaj |
| gaj |
| like |
| ad/av/pa/po |
|
| šižə̑lteš. |
| šižə̑lt | -eš |
| šižə̑lt | -eš |
| be.felt | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gürlə̑mö 2 (Ja. Jalkajn)
Küšnö gürlə̑mö jük izemeš.
| Küšnö |
| Küšnö |
| küšnö |
| above |
| av |
|
| gürlə̑mö |
| gürlə̑mö |
| gürlə̑mö |
| rumbling |
| ad |
| gürlə̑mö |
| gürlə̑ | -mö |
| gürlö | -me |
| rumble | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
|
| izemeš. |
| izem | -eš |
| izem | -eš |
| decrease | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gə̑də̑mataš 1
Jə̑lme gə̑də̑mata gə̑n, jot jeŋ dene mutlanet.
| Jə̑lme |
| Jə̑lme |
| jə̑lme |
| tongue |
| no |
|
| gə̑də̑mata |
| gə̑də̑mat | -a |
| gə̑də̑mate | -a |
| itch | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| jot |
| jot |
| jot |
| unfamiliar |
| ad/no |
|
|
|
| mutlanet. |
| mutlan | -et |
| mutlane | -et |
| talk | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| mutlanet. |
| mut | -lan | -et |
| mut | -lan | -et |
| word | -DAT | -2SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
gə̑l 1
Ik jeŋ kidšə̑m č́ə̑ken, gə̑l pudə̑ratenak šoga.
|
|
|
| kidšə̑m |
| kid | -šə̑ | -m |
| kid | -že | -m |
| hand | -3SG | -ACC |
| no | -poss | -case |
|
| č́ə̑ken, |
| č́ə̑ke | -n |
| č́ə̑ke | -n |
| pile.of.hay | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| č́ə̑ken, |
| č́ə̑k | -en | -Ø |
| č́ə̑ke | -en | -Ø |
| shove | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| č́ə̑ken, |
| č́ə̑k | -en |
| č́ə̑ke | -en |
| shove | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
|
| pudə̑ratenak |
| pudə̑rat | -ena | -k |
| pudə̑rate | -ena | -ak |
| stir | -1PL | -STR |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| pudə̑ratenak |
| pudə̑rat | -en | -Ø | -ak |
| pudə̑rate | -en | -Ø | -ak |
| stir | -PST2 | -3SG | -STR |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| pudə̑ratenak |
| pudə̑rat | -en | -ak |
| pudə̑rate | -en | -ak |
| stir | -CVB | -STR |
| vb2 | -adv | -enc |
|
| šoga. |
| šoga |
| šoga |
| plough |
| no |
| šoga. |
| šog | -a |
| šogo | -a |
| stand | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gə̑lde-galde 1 (M.-Azmekej)
Ikšə̑rə̑mə̑n gə̑lde-galde, gə̑lde-galde muren, βagon orβa-βlak č́ojn rel'sə̑m šotlat.
| Ikšə̑rə̑mə̑n |
| Ikšə̑rə̑mə̑n |
| ikšə̑rə̑mə̑n |
| evenly |
| av |
| Ikšə̑rə̑mə̑n |
| Ikšə̑rə̑m | -ə̑n |
| ikšə̑rə̑m | -n |
| evenness | -GEN |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| gə̑lde-galde, |
| gə̑lde-galde |
| gə̑lde-galde |
| X |
| de |
|
| gə̑lde-galde |
| gə̑lde-galde |
| gə̑lde-galde |
| X |
| de |
|
| muren, |
| mur | -en | -Ø |
| muro | -en | -Ø |
| sing | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| muren, |
| mur | -en |
| muro | -en |
| sing | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| βagon |
| βagon |
| βagon |
| railroad.car |
| no |
|
| orβa-βlak |
| orβa | -βlak |
| orβa | -βlak |
| cart | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| č́ojn |
| č́ojn |
| č́ojn |
| cast.iron |
| no |
|
| rel'sə̑m |
| rel's | -ə̑m |
| rel's | -m |
| rail | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| šotlat. |
| šotl | -at |
| šotlo | -at |
| count | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šotlat. |
| šot | -la | -t |
| šot | -la | -et |
| use | -COMP | -2SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
| šotlat. |
| šot | -la | -t |
| šot | -la | -et |
| use | -PL | -2SG |
| no | -num | -poss |
| šotlat. |
| šot | -la | -t |
| šot | -la | -at |
| use | -COMP | -and |
| no | -case | -enc |
| šotlat. |
| šot | -la | -t |
| šot | -la | -at |
| use | -PL | -and |
| no | -num | -enc |
| šotlat. |
| šotl | -a | -t |
| šotlo | -a | -at |
| count | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| šotlat. |
| šotl | -Ø | -at |
| šotlo | -Ø | -at |
| count | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
gə̑n 1 (V. Juksern)
Sar ogə̑l gə̑n, ajdemə̑n jolžo tə̑šte nigunamat ok lij ə̑le dokan.
|
|
| ogə̑l |
| og | -Ø | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| og | -Ø | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
|
|
| ajdemə̑n |
| ajdemə̑ | -n |
| ajdeme | -n |
| human | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| jolžo |
| jol | -žo |
| jol | -že |
| foot | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| tə̑šte |
| tə̑šte |
| tə̑šte |
| here |
| av/pr |
| tə̑šte |
| tə̑š | -te |
| tə̑š | -šte |
| here | -INE |
| av/pr | -case |
|
| nigunamat |
| ńigunamat |
| ńigunamat |
| in.no.case |
| av/pr |
| nigunamat |
| ńigunam | -at |
| ńigunam | -at |
| never | -and |
| av/pr | -enc |
|
| ok |
| ok | -Ø |
| ok | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| lij |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lij |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| lij |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| ə̑le |
| ə̑l | -'e |
| ul | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| dokan. |
| dokan |
| dokan |
| probably |
| pa |
| dokan. |
| dok | -an |
| dok | -an |
| dock | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
gə̑n 2 (M. Šketan)
Tə̑j – ške šinč́et, mə̑j gə̑n – ogə̑m.
|
|
|
| šinč́et, |
| šinč́ | -et |
| šinč́e | -et |
| sit | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šinč́et, |
| šinč́ | -et |
| šinč́e | -et |
| know | -2SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| gə̑n – |
| gə̑n |
| gə̑n |
| if |
| co/pa |
|
| ogə̑m. |
| og | -ə̑m |
| og | -ə̑m |
| NEG | -1SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
gə̑n 3 (D. Oraj)
Jamet jə̑gə̑re oškə̑lšo Gańan šürgə̑škə̑žö onč́ale gə̑n, Gańan ner ümbalnə̑že pudra lajmə̑kə̑m užo.
| Jamet |
| Jam | -et |
| jam | -et |
| beauty | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| jə̑gə̑re |
| jə̑gə̑re |
| jə̑gə̑re |
| next.to.one.another |
| ad/av |
|
| oškə̑lšo |
| oškə̑l | -šo |
| oškə̑l | -še |
| step | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| Gańan |
| Gańan |
| Gańan |
| Gańan |
| na |
|
| šürgə̑škə̑žö |
| šürgə̑ | -škə̑ | -žö |
| šürgö | -ške | -že |
| face | -ILL | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
| šürgə̑škə̑žö |
| šürgə̑ | -škə̑ | -žö |
| šürgö | -ške | -že |
| forest | -ILL | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| onč́ale |
| onč́al | -'e |
| onč́al | -Je |
| look | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
|
| Gańan |
| Gańan |
| Gańan |
| Gańan |
| na |
|
|
| ümbalnə̑že |
| ümbalnə̑ | -že |
| ümbalne | -že |
| above | -3SG |
| av/po | -poss |
|
|
| lajmə̑kə̑m |
| lajmə̑k | -ə̑m |
| lajmə̑k | -m |
| fluff | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| užo. |
| u | -žo |
| u | -že |
| new | -3SG |
| ad/no | -poss |
| užo. |
| u | -žo |
| u | -že |
| oh | -3SG |
| in | -poss |
| užo. |
| už | -o |
| už | -Je |
| see | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| užo. |
| u | -Ø | -žo |
| uo | -Ø | -že |
| take.care.of | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb2 | -conn | -poss |
| užo. |
| u | -Ø | -žo |
| uo | -Ø | -že |
| stroke | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb2 | -conn | -poss |
|
gə̑n 4 (S. Č́aβajn)
Sakar deč́ ə̑žə̑mat jod, Sandə̑rə̑n izaže ila gə̑n, uke gə̑n?
| Sakar |
| Sakar |
| Sakar |
| Sakar |
| na |
|
|
|
| jod, |
| jod | -Ø |
| jod | -Ø |
| ask | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| jod, |
| jod | -Ø |
| jod | -Ø |
| ask | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| jod, |
| jod | -Ø |
| jod | -Ø |
| ask | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| Sandə̑rə̑n |
| Sandə̑rə̑n |
| Sandə̑rə̑n |
| Sandyryn |
| na |
|
| izaže |
| iza | -že |
| iza | -že |
| older.brother | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| ila |
| i | -la |
| i | -la |
| and | -STR |
| co | -enc |
| ila |
| i | -la |
| i | -la |
| X | -STR |
| pa | -enc |
| ila |
| il | -a |
| ile | -a |
| live | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
|
|
gə̑n 5 (M. Jeβsejeβa)
Mo βara liješ gə̑n?
| Mo |
| Mo |
| mo |
| what |
| ad/av/pa/pr |
|
| βara |
| βara |
| βara |
| then |
| av/pa |
| βara |
| βar | -a |
| βare | -a |
| mix | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| liješ |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
|
gə̑n 6 (A. Volkoβ)
Jöra žapə̑štə̑že šižə̑n šuktə̑šə̑m, uke gə̑n.
| Jöra |
| Jör | -a |
| jörö | -a |
| roll | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| Jöra |
| Jör | -a |
| jörö | -a |
| mix | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| Jöra |
| Jör | -a |
| jörö | -a |
| go.out | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| Jöra |
| Jör | -a |
| jörö | -a |
| be.satisfying | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| žapə̑štə̑že |
| žapə̑štə̑že |
| žapə̑štə̑že |
| in.good.time |
| av |
| žapə̑štə̑že |
| žapə̑štə̑ | -že |
| žapə̑šte | -že |
| in.time | -3SG |
| av/po | -poss |
| žapə̑štə̑že |
| žap | -ə̑štə̑ | -že |
| žap | -šte | -že |
| time | -INE | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| šižə̑n |
| šiž | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| šiž | -n | -Ø |
| feel | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| šižə̑n |
| šiž | -ə̑n |
| šiž | -n |
| feel | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| šuktə̑šə̑m, |
| šuktə̑š | -ə̑m |
| šuktə̑š | -m |
| execution | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| šuktə̑šə̑m, |
| šuktə̑šə̑ | -m |
| šuktə̑šo | -m |
| executor | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| šuktə̑šə̑m, |
| šuktə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| šukto | -š | -ə̑m |
| succeed.in | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šuktə̑šə̑m, |
| šuktə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| šukto | -še | -m |
| succeed.in | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb2 | -ad | -case |
| šuktə̑šə̑m, |
| šu | -ktə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| šu | -kte | -š | -ə̑m |
| reach | -CAUS | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| šuktə̑šə̑m, |
| šu | -ktə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| šu | -kte | -š | -ə̑m |
| ferment | -CAUS | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| šuktə̑šə̑m, |
| šu | -ktə̑ | -š | -ə̑m |
| šu | -kte | -š | -ə̑m |
| whittle | -CAUS | -PST1 | -1SG |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -tense | -pers |
| šuktə̑šə̑m, |
| šu | -ktə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| šu | -kte | -še | -m |
| reach | -CAUS | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -ad | -case |
| šuktə̑šə̑m, |
| šu | -ktə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| šu | -kte | -še | -m |
| ferment | -CAUS | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -ad | -case |
| šuktə̑šə̑m, |
| šu | -ktə̑ | -šə̑ | -m |
| šu | -kte | -še | -m |
| whittle | -CAUS | -PTCP.ACT | -ACC |
| vb1 | -deriv.v | -ad | -case |
|
|
|
gə̑n 7 (A. Juzə̑kajn)
Tudə̑n dene kə̑lə̑m kuč́ə̑de ok lij. Uke gə̑n č́ə̑la paša tupə̑ń saβə̑rnen kerteš.
| Tudə̑n |
| Tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| his/her |
| pr |
| Tudə̑n |
| tudo | -n |
| tudo | -n |
| 3SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
|
| kə̑lə̑m |
| kə̑l | -ə̑m |
| kə̑l | -m |
| string | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kuč́ə̑de |
| kuč́ə̑ | -de |
| kuč́o | -de |
| hold | -CVB.NEG |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| ok |
| ok | -Ø |
| ok | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| lij. |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lij. |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| lij. |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
|
|
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| č́ə̑la |
| everything |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
|
| tupə̑ń |
| tupə̑ń |
| tupə̑ń |
| reverse |
| ad/av |
|
| saβə̑rnen |
| saβə̑rn | -en | -Ø |
| saβə̑rne | -en | -Ø |
| turn | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| saβə̑rnen |
| saβə̑rn | -en |
| saβə̑rne | -en |
| turn | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kerteš. |
| kert | -eš |
| kert | -eš |
| be.able.to | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
| kerteš. |
| kert | -eš |
| kert | -eš |
| swaddle | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gə̑na 1 (Ju. Artamonoβ)
Udə̑ren nalme šudo deč́ βara otə̑l gə̑na kijen kodeš.
| Udə̑ren |
| Udə̑r | -en | -Ø |
| udə̑ro | -en | -Ø |
| strike | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| Udə̑ren |
| Udə̑r | -en |
| udə̑ro | -en |
| strike | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| nalme |
| nalme |
| nalme |
| purchasing |
| ad |
| nalme |
| nal | -me |
| nal | -me |
| take | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
|
|
| βara |
| βara |
| βara |
| then |
| av/pa |
| βara |
| βar | -a |
| βare | -a |
| mix | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
| otə̑l |
| o | -t | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| o | -t | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -2SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
| otə̑l |
| otə̑l |
| otə̑l |
| stubble |
| no |
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| kijen |
| kije | -n |
| kije | -n |
| moth | -GEN |
| no | -case |
| kijen |
| kij | -en | -Ø |
| kije | -en | -Ø |
| lie | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kijen |
| kij | -en |
| kije | -en |
| lie | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| kodeš. |
| kod | -eš |
| kod | -eš |
| code | -LAT |
| no | -case |
| kodeš. |
| kod | -eš |
| kod | -eš |
| stay | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gə̑na 2 (A. Erə̑kan)
Kə̑zə̑t gə̑na tüškan ə̑štə̑šet-βlak ala-kuš jomə̑n-šalanen pə̑tenat šuə̑t.
| Kə̑zə̑t |
| Kə̑zə̑t |
| kə̑zə̑t |
| now |
| av |
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| tüškan |
| tüškan |
| tüškan |
| together |
| av |
| tüškan |
| tüška | -n |
| tüška | -an |
| group | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
| tüškan |
| tüška | -n |
| tüška | -n |
| group | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| ə̑štə̑šet-βlak |
| ə̑štə̑š | -et | -βlak |
| ə̑štə̑š | -et | -βlak |
| work | -2SG | -PL |
| no | -poss | -num |
| ə̑štə̑šet-βlak |
| ə̑štə̑š | -et | -βlak |
| ə̑štə̑še | -et | -βlak |
| doer | -2SG | -PL |
| ad/no | -poss | -num |
| ə̑štə̑šet-βlak |
| ə̑štə̑ | -š | -et | -βlak |
| ə̑šte | -še | -et | -βlak |
| do | -PTCP.ACT | -2SG | -PL |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss | -num |
|
| ala-kuš |
| ala-kuš |
| ala-kuš |
| somewhere |
| av/pr |
|
| jomə̑n-šalanen |
| jom | -ə̑n | -Ø- | šalan | -en | -Ø |
| jom | -n | -Ø | šalane | -en | -Ø |
| disappear | -PST2 | -3SG | be.scattered | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers | vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| jomə̑n-šalanen |
| jom | -ə̑n | -Ø- | šalan | -en |
| jom | -n | -Ø | šalane | -en |
| disappear | -PST2 | -3SG | be.scattered | -CVB |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers | vb2 | -adv |
| jomə̑n-šalanen |
| jom | -ə̑n- | šalan | -en | -Ø |
| jom | -n | šalane | -en | -Ø |
| disappear | -CVB | be.scattered | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| jomə̑n-šalanen |
| jom | -ə̑n- | šalan | -en |
| jom | -n | šalane | -en |
| disappear | -CVB | be.scattered | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv | vb2 | -adv |
|
| pə̑tenat |
| pə̑t | -en | -at |
| pə̑te | -en | -at |
| end | -PST2 | -2SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| pə̑tenat |
| pə̑t | -ena | -t |
| pə̑te | -ena | -at |
| end | -1PL | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| pə̑tenat |
| pə̑t | -en | -Ø | -at |
| pə̑te | -en | -Ø | -at |
| end | -PST2 | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| pə̑tenat |
| pə̑t | -en | -at |
| pə̑te | -en | -at |
| end | -CVB | -and |
| vb2 | -adv | -enc |
|
| šuə̑t. |
| šu | -ə̑t |
| šu | -ə̑t |
| reach | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
| šuə̑t. |
| šu | -ə̑t |
| šu | -ə̑t |
| ferment | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
| šuə̑t. |
| šu | -ə̑t |
| šu | -ə̑t |
| whittle | -3PL |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gə̑na 3 (V. Iβanoβ)
Toβatlen ojlaš gə̑na tüŋalə̑nam ə̑le, no Saskaβij č́arə̑š.
| Toβatlen |
| Toβatl | -en | -Ø |
| toβatle | -en | -Ø |
| swear | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| Toβatlen |
| Toβatl | -en |
| toβatle | -en |
| swear | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| ojlaš |
| ojl | -aš |
| ojlo | -aš |
| talk | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
| ojlaš |
| oj | -la | -š |
| oj | -la | -š |
| opinion | -PL | -ILL |
| no | -num | -case |
| ojlaš |
| oj | -la | -š |
| oj | -la | -eš |
| opinion | -PL | -LAT |
| no | -num | -case |
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| tüŋalə̑nam |
| tüŋal | -ə̑n | -am |
| tüŋal | -n | -am |
| start | -PST2 | -1SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
|
| ə̑le, |
| ə̑l | -'e |
| ul | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
|
| Saskaβij |
| Saskaβij |
| Saskaβij |
| Saskaviy |
| na |
|
| č́arə̑š. |
| č́arə̑š |
| č́arə̑š |
| prohibition |
| no |
| č́arə̑š. |
| č́ar | -ə̑š |
| č́ar | -š |
| film | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| č́arə̑š. |
| č́arə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| č́are | -š | -Ø |
| prohibit | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gə̑na 4 (N. Lekajn)
Izi gə̑na kuńə̑rij uškalə̑št ulo, tudat šörə̑m peš šagal pua.
|
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| kuńə̑rij |
| kuńə̑rij |
| kuńə̑rij |
| weak |
| ad |
|
| uškalə̑št |
| uškal | -ə̑št |
| uškal | -št |
| cow | -3PL |
| no | -poss |
| uškalə̑št |
| uškalə̑ | -št |
| uškale | -št |
| be.jealous | -IMP.3PL |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| uškalə̑št |
| uškalə̑ | -št |
| uškale | -št |
| join | -IMP.3PL |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| uškalə̑št |
| uškalə̑ | -š | -t |
| uškale | -š | -t |
| be.jealous | -PST1 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| uškalə̑št |
| uškalə̑ | -š | -t |
| uškale | -š | -t |
| join | -PST1 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
|
| tudat |
| tudo | -at |
| tudo | -at |
| 3SG | -and |
| pr | -enc |
| tudat |
| tu | -da | -t |
| tu | -da | -at |
| that | -2PL | -and |
| pr | -poss | -enc |
| tudat |
| tu | -da | -t |
| tu | -da | -at |
| gland | -2PL | -and |
| no | -poss | -enc |
| tudat |
| tu | -da | -t |
| tu | -da | -at |
| banner | -2PL | -and |
| no | -poss | -enc |
|
| šörə̑m |
| šör | -ə̑m |
| šör | -m |
| milk | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| šörə̑m |
| šör | -ə̑m |
| šör | -m |
| edge | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
|
| šagal |
| šagal |
| šagal |
| little |
| ad/av/no |
|
| pua. |
| pu | -a |
| puo | -a |
| give | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
| pua. |
| pu | -a |
| puo | -a |
| blow | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gə̑na 5 (V. Juksern)
Mogaj gə̑na mašinam šonen luktə̑n otə̑l!
| Mogaj |
| Mogaj |
| mogaj |
| what.sort.of |
| ad/pa/pr |
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| mašinam |
| mašina | -m |
| mašina | -m |
| machine | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| mašinam |
| mašina | -m |
| mašina | -em |
| machine | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| mašinam |
| mašina | -m | -Ø |
| mašina | -em | -Ø |
| machine | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| mašinam |
| mašina | -m | -Ø |
| mašina | -em | -Ø |
| machine | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| mašinam |
| mašina | -m | -Ø |
| mašina | -em | -Ø |
| machine | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| šonen |
| šonen |
| šonen |
| deliberately |
| av |
| šonen |
| šon | -en | -Ø |
| šono | -en | -Ø |
| think | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| šonen |
| šon | -en |
| šono | -en |
| think | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| luktə̑n |
| lukt | -ə̑n | -Ø |
| lukt | -n | -Ø |
| lead.out | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb1 | -tense | -pers |
| luktə̑n |
| lukt | -ə̑n |
| lukt | -n |
| lead.out | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| otə̑l! |
| o | -t | -ə̑l | -Ø |
| o | -t | -ul | -Ø |
| NEG | -2SG | -be | -CNG |
| vb | -pers | -vb | -conn |
| otə̑l! |
| otə̑l |
| otə̑l |
| stubble |
| no |
|
gə̑na 6 (A. Volkoβ)
Örtem č́uč́ gə̑na ə̑š lek.
| Örtem |
| Ört | -em |
| ört | -em |
| spirit | -1SG |
| no | -poss |
| Örtem |
| Ört | -em | -Ø |
| ört | -em | -Ø |
| spirit | -TRANS | -IMP.2SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| Örtem |
| Ört | -em | -Ø |
| ört | -em | -Ø |
| spirit | -TRANS | -CNG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn |
| Örtem |
| Ört | -em | -Ø |
| ört | -em | -Ø |
| spirit | -TRANS | -CVB |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| č́uč́ |
| č́uč́ |
| č́uč́ |
| just.a.little |
| av |
| č́uč́ |
| č́uč́ | -Ø |
| č́uč́ | -Ø |
| seem | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| č́uč́ |
| č́uč́ | -Ø |
| č́uč́ | -Ø |
| seem | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| č́uč́ |
| č́uč́ | -Ø |
| č́uč́ | -Ø |
| seem | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| ə̑š |
| ə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| ə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| NEG | -PST | -3SG |
| vb | -tense | -pers |
|
| lek. |
| lek | -Ø |
| lekt | -Ø |
| go | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lek. |
| lek | -Ø |
| lekt | -Ø |
| go | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| lek. |
| lek | -Ø |
| lekt | -Ø |
| go | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gə̑na 7 (N. Lekajn)
Koklan gə̑na šokšo juž tarβana.
| Koklan |
| Koklan |
| koklan |
| sometimes |
| av |
| Koklan |
| Kokla | -n |
| kokla | -an |
| distance | -with |
| ad/no | -deriv.ad |
| Koklan |
| Kokla | -n |
| kokla | -n |
| distance | -GEN |
| ad/no | -case |
| Koklan |
| Kok | -lan |
| kok | -lan |
| cook | -DAT |
| no | -case |
| Koklan |
| Kok | -lan |
| kok | -lan |
| two | -DAT |
| nm | -case |
| Koklan |
| Kok | -la | -n |
| kok | -la | -n |
| cook | -PL | -GEN |
| no | -num | -case |
| Koklan |
| Kok | -la | -n |
| kok | -la | -n |
| two | -PL | -GEN |
| nm | -num | -case |
|
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| gə̑na |
| only |
| pa |
|
| šokšo |
| šokšo |
| šokšo |
| heat |
| ad/no |
| šokšo |
| šok | -šo |
| šokt | -še |
| sift | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
| šokšo |
| šok | -šo |
| šok | -že |
| shock | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| šokšo |
| šok | -šo |
| šokt | -že |
| sift | -IMP.3SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| šokšo |
| šok | -Ø | -šo |
| šokt | -Ø | -že |
| sift | -CNG | -3SG |
| vb1 | -conn | -poss |
| šokšo |
| šok | -Ø | -šo |
| šokt | -Ø | -že |
| sift | -CVB | -3SG |
| vb1 | -adv | -poss |
|
| juž |
| ju | -ž |
| ju | -že |
| magic | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| juž |
| ju | -ž |
| ju | -že |
| cool | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| tarβana. |
| tarβan | -a |
| tarβane | -a |
| move | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gə̑nat 1 (N. Lekajn)
Jə̑βan mom-gə̑nat ereak ə̑šta.
| Jə̑βan |
| Jə̑βan |
| Jə̑βan |
| Yyvan |
| na |
|
| mom-gə̑nat |
| mom-gə̑nat |
| mom-gə̑nat |
| something |
| pr |
|
| ereak |
| ereak |
| ereak |
| always |
| av |
| ereak |
| ere | -ak |
| ere | -ak |
| always | -STR |
| av/po | -enc |
|
| ə̑šta. |
| ə̑št | -a |
| ə̑šte | -a |
| do | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gə̑nat 2 (N. Lekajn)
Kö dene gə̑nat kə̑lə̑m kuč́a.
|
|
|
| gə̑nat |
| gə̑nat |
| gə̑nat |
| even.though |
| co/pa |
| gə̑nat |
| gə̑na | -t |
| gə̑na | -at |
| only | -and |
| pa | -enc |
| gə̑nat |
| gə̑n | -at |
| gə̑n | -at |
| if | -and |
| co/pa | -enc |
|
| kə̑lə̑m |
| kə̑l | -ə̑m |
| kə̑l | -m |
| string | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kuč́a. |
| kuč́a |
| kuč́a |
| residue |
| no |
| kuč́a. |
| kuč́ | -a |
| kuč́o | -a |
| hold | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
gə̑nat 3 (N. Lekajn)
Mə̑j gə̑nat ere tuško kuržtalam da.
|
|
| gə̑nat |
| gə̑nat |
| gə̑nat |
| even.though |
| co/pa |
| gə̑nat |
| gə̑na | -t |
| gə̑na | -at |
| only | -and |
| pa | -enc |
| gə̑nat |
| gə̑n | -at |
| gə̑n | -at |
| if | -and |
| co/pa | -enc |
|
|
| tuško |
| tuško |
| tuško |
| X |
| av/pr |
| tuško |
| tu | -ško |
| tu | -ške |
| that | -ILL |
| pr | -case |
| tuško |
| tu | -ško |
| tu | -ške |
| gland | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| tuško |
| tu | -ško |
| tu | -ške |
| banner | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| tuško |
| tuš | -ko |
| tuš | -ške |
| seed | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| tuško |
| tuš | -ko |
| tuš | -ške |
| flourish | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| tuško |
| tuš | -ko |
| tuš | -ške |
| there | -ILL |
| av/pr | -case |
| tuško |
| tuško | -Ø |
| tuško | -Ø |
| model | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| tuško |
| tuško | -Ø |
| tuško | -Ø |
| model | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
| kuržtalam |
| kuržtal | -am |
| kuržtal | -am |
| run | -1SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
|
gə̑r-gür 1 (M. Kazakoβ)
Ekranə̑šte βolgalt kajə̑š, šə̑ri-βuri ümə̑lka kojo, gə̑r-gür mügə̑raltə̑me šoktə̑š.
| Ekranə̑šte |
| Ekran | -ə̑šte |
| ekran | -šte |
| screen | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| βolgalt |
| βolgalt | -Ø |
| βolgalt | -Ø |
| shine | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| βolgalt |
| βolgalt | -Ø |
| βolgalt | -Ø |
| shine | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| βolgalt |
| βolgalt | -Ø |
| βolgalt | -Ø |
| shine | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| βolgalt |
| βolg | -alt | -Ø |
| βolgo | -alt | -Ø |
| shine | -REF | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| βolgalt |
| βolg | -alt | -Ø |
| βolgo | -alt | -Ø |
| shine | -REF | -CNG |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -conn |
| βolgalt |
| βolg | -alt | -Ø |
| βolgo | -alt | -Ø |
| shine | -REF | -CVB |
| vb2 | -deriv.v | -adv |
|
| kajə̑š, |
| kaj | -ə̑š |
| kaj | -š |
| aftergrass | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| kajə̑š, |
| kajə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| kaje | -š | -Ø |
| go | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| šə̑ri-βuri |
| šə̑ri-βuri |
| šə̑ri-βuri |
| X |
| av |
|
| ümə̑lka |
| ümə̑lka |
| ümə̑lka |
| shadow |
| no |
|
| kojo, |
| koj | -o |
| koj | -Je |
| be.visible | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| gə̑r-gür |
| gə̑r-gür |
| gə̑r-gür |
| X |
| de |
|
| mügə̑raltə̑me |
| mügə̑raltə̑ | -me |
| mügə̑ralte | -me |
| roar | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb2 | -ad |
|
| šoktə̑š. |
| šoktə̑š |
| šoktə̑š |
| bran |
| no |
| šoktə̑š. |
| šoktə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| šokto | -š | -Ø |
| be.heard | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gə̑ri-guri 1
Tuβə̑r urβaltešə̑že gə̑ri-gurim kuč́en.
| Tuβə̑r |
| Tuβə̑r |
| tuβə̑r |
| shirt |
| no |
|
| urβaltešə̑že |
| urβalt | -eš | -ə̑že |
| urβalte | -eš | -že |
| hem | -LAT | -3SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
|
| gə̑ri-gurim |
| gə̑ri-guri | -m |
| gə̑ri-guri | -m |
| wavy | -ACC |
| ad/av/no | -case |
|
| kuč́en. |
| kuč́ | -en | -Ø |
| kuč́o | -en | -Ø |
| hold | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| kuč́en. |
| kuč́ | -en |
| kuč́o | -en |
| hold | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
gə̑ri-guri 2 (K. Vasin)
Kerde peš motor, kuč́emže šij, gə̑ri-guri süretan.
| Kerde |
| Kerde |
| kerde |
| saber |
| no |
| Kerde |
| Kerd | -e |
| kerd | -Je |
| weigh | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| Kerde |
| Ker | -de |
| ker | -de |
| pass.through | -CVB.NEG |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
|
| motor, |
| motor |
| motor |
| beautiful |
| ad/av/no |
| motor, |
| motor |
| motor |
| motor |
| no |
|
| kuč́emže |
| kuč́em | -že |
| kuč́em | -že |
| handle | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| kuč́emže |
| kuč́ | -em | -že |
| kuč́o | -em | -že |
| ascarid | -1SG | -3SG |
| no | -poss | -poss |
| kuč́emže |
| kuč́ | -em | -že |
| kuč́o | -em | -že |
| hold | -1SG | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers | -poss |
| kuč́emže |
| kuč́ | -em | -že |
| kuč́o | -em | -že |
| ascarid | -TRANS | -IMP.3SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -mood.pers |
| kuč́emže |
| kuč́ | -em | -Ø | -že |
| kuč́o | -em | -Ø | -že |
| ascarid | -TRANS | -CNG | -3SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -conn | -poss |
| kuč́emže |
| kuč́ | -em | -Ø | -že |
| kuč́o | -em | -Ø | -že |
| ascarid | -TRANS | -CVB | -3SG |
| no | -deriv.v | -adv | -poss |
|
| šij, |
| šij |
| šij |
| silver |
| ad/no |
| šij, |
| šij |
| šij |
| tree.ring |
| no |
| šij, |
| šij | -Ø |
| šij | -Ø |
| thresh | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| šij, |
| šij | -Ø |
| šij | -Ø |
| blow | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| šij, |
| šij | -Ø |
| šij | -Ø |
| thresh | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| šij, |
| šij | -Ø |
| šij | -Ø |
| blow | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| šij, |
| šij | -Ø |
| šij | -Ø |
| thresh | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
| šij, |
| šij | -Ø |
| šij | -Ø |
| blow | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
| gə̑ri-guri |
| gə̑ri-guri |
| gə̑ri-guri |
| wavy |
| ad/av/no |
|
| süretan. |
| süretan |
| süretan |
| illustrated |
| ad |
| süretan. |
| süret | -an |
| süret | -an |
| painting | -with |
| no | -deriv.ad |
|
gə̑č́ 1 (A. Asajeβ)
Üdə̑r sumkaž gə̑č́ fotokartoč́kə̑m lukto.
| Üdə̑r |
| Üdə̑r |
| üdə̑r |
| daughter |
| no |
| Üdə̑r |
| Üdə̑r |
| Üdə̑r |
| Virgo |
| no |
|
| sumkaž |
| sumka | -ž |
| sumka | -že |
| bag | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| fotokartoč́kə̑m |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
| *** |
|
| lukto. |
| lukt | -o |
| lukt | -Je |
| lead.out | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gə̑č́ 2 (N. Lekajn)
Eč́an üsteltör gə̑č́ lekte.
| Eč́an |
| Eč́an |
| Eč́an |
| Echan |
| na |
|
| üsteltör |
| üsteltör |
| üsteltör |
| place.at.table |
| no |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| lekte. |
| lekt | -e |
| lekt | -Je |
| go | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gə̑č́ 3 (M.-Azmekej)
Kum ergə̑št gə̑č́ iktə̑že – šof'or, βesə̑že – jal ozanlə̑k meχanizator, pə̑tartə̑šə̑že – paroχodə̑n mašinistše.
| Kum |
| Kum |
| kum |
| godfather.of.one's.child |
| no |
|
| ergə̑št |
| ergə̑ | -št |
| erge | -št |
| son | -3PL |
| no | -poss |
| ergə̑št |
| ergə̑ | -št |
| erge | -št |
| warp | -IMP.3PL |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ergə̑št |
| ergə̑ | -št |
| erge | -št |
| reap | -IMP.3PL |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| ergə̑št |
| ergə̑ | -š | -t |
| erge | -š | -t |
| warp | -PST1 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| ergə̑št |
| ergə̑ | -š | -t |
| erge | -š | -t |
| reap | -PST1 | -3PL |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| iktə̑že – |
| iktə̑že |
| iktə̑že |
| one.of.them |
| pr |
| iktə̑že – |
| iktə̑ | -že |
| ikte | -že |
| one | -3SG |
| nm/pr | -poss |
|
| šof'or, |
| šof'or |
| šof'or |
| driver |
| no |
|
| βesə̑že – |
| βesə̑ | -že |
| βese | -že |
| different | -3SG |
| ad/no/pr | -poss |
|
|
| ozanlə̑k |
| ozanlə̑k |
| ozanlə̑k |
| economy |
| no |
| ozanlə̑k |
| oza | -n | -lə̑k |
| oza | -an | -lə̑k |
| owner | -with | -for |
| no | -deriv.ad | -deriv.ad |
|
| meχanizator, |
| meχanizator |
| meχanizator |
| specialist.in.mechanization |
| no |
|
| pə̑tartə̑šə̑že – |
| pə̑tartə̑š | -ə̑že |
| pə̑tartə̑š | -že |
| last | -3SG |
| ad/no | -poss |
|
| paroχodə̑n |
| paroχod | -ə̑n |
| paroχod | -n |
| steamer | -GEN |
| no | -case |
|
| mašinistše. |
| mašinist | -še |
| mašinist | -že |
| driver | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
gə̑č́ 4 (Kalə̑kmut)
Tuβə̑rtə̑š gə̑č́ üjə̑m ə̑štaš ok lij.
| Tuβə̑rtə̑š |
| Tuβə̑rtə̑š |
| tuβə̑rtə̑š |
| curd.cheese |
| no |
| Tuβə̑rtə̑š |
| Tuβə̑rtə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| tuβə̑rto | -š | -Ø |
| make.curdle | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| üjə̑m |
| üj | -ə̑m |
| üj | -m |
| butter | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
|
| ə̑štaš |
| ə̑št | -aš |
| ə̑šte | -aš |
| do | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
| ok |
| ok | -Ø |
| ok | -Ø |
| NEG | -3SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| lij. |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| lij. |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| lij. |
| lij | -Ø |
| lij | -Ø |
| be | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gə̑č́ 5 (N. Lekajn)
Aβtomatə̑m kažnə̑lan nalaš, tə̑leč́ posna kum-nə̑l granata gə̑č́ nalza, küleš liješ.
| Aβtomatə̑m |
| Aβtomat | -ə̑m |
| aβtomat | -m |
| assault.rifle | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| kažnə̑lan |
| kažnə̑ | -lan |
| kažne | -lan |
| each | -DAT |
| pr | -case |
| kažnə̑lan |
| kažnə̑ | -la | -n |
| kažne | -la | -n |
| each | -PL | -GEN |
| pr | -num | -case |
|
| nalaš, |
| nal | -aš |
| nal | -aš |
| take | -INF |
| vb1 | -inf |
|
| tə̑leč́ |
| tə̑leč́ |
| tə̑leč́ |
| from.this |
| av/pr |
|
| posna |
| posna |
| posna |
| isolated |
| ad/av |
|
| kum-nə̑l |
| kum-nə̑l |
| kum-nə̑l |
| three.or.four |
| nm |
|
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| nalza, |
| nal | -za |
| nal | -za |
| take | -IMP.2PL |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
|
| küleš |
| küleš |
| küleš |
| need |
| ad/no |
| küleš |
| kül | -eš |
| kül | -eš |
| be.necessary | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
| liješ. |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ. |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gə̑č́ 6 (Kalə̑kmut)
Modə̑š gə̑č́ lodə̑š liješ.
| Modə̑š |
| Modə̑š |
| modə̑š |
| game |
| no |
| Modə̑š |
| Modə̑ | -š |
| modo | -š |
| blueberry | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| Modə̑š |
| Modə̑ | -š |
| modo | -š |
| fashion | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| lodə̑š |
| lodə̑š |
| lodə̑š |
| misfortune |
| no |
| lodə̑š |
| lodə̑ | -š |
| lodo | -š |
| notch | -ILL |
| no | -case |
| lodə̑š |
| lodə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| lodo | -š | -Ø |
| mark | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| liješ. |
| liješ |
| liješ |
| soon |
| pa |
| liješ. |
| lij | -eš |
| lij | -eš |
| be | -3SG |
| vb1 | -pers |
|
gə̑č́ 7 (N. Lekajn)
Nu i igeč́e! – mut uke gə̑č́ tüŋale tolšo jeŋ.
|
|
|
| igeč́e! – |
| igeč́e |
| igeč́e |
| weather |
| no |
|
|
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| tüŋale |
| tüŋal | -'e |
| tüŋal | -Je |
| start | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
| tolšo |
| tolšo |
| tolšo |
| coming |
| ad/no |
| tolšo |
| tol | -šo |
| tol | -še |
| come | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| jeŋ. |
| jeŋ |
| jeŋ |
| person |
| ad/no |
|
gə̑č́ 8
Ik šagat gə̑č́
|
|
| šagat |
| šagat |
| šagat |
| hour |
| no |
| šagat |
| šag | -at |
| šage | -at |
| nursery | -and |
| no | -enc |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
gə̑č́ 9 (A. Asajeβ)
Kok arńa gə̑č́ toβariš́š́eskij sud lije.
|
|
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| toβariš́š́eskij |
| toβariš́š́eskij |
| toβariš́š́eskij |
| friendly |
| ad |
|
|
| lije. |
| lij | -e |
| lij | -Je |
| be | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
|
gə̑č́ 10 (N. Lekajn)
A molan βara tə̑j deket tolgə̑č́ ogə̑t koj?
|
|
| molan |
| molan |
| molan |
| for.what |
| av/pr |
| molan |
| mol | -an |
| molo | -an |
| other | -with |
| no/pr | -deriv.ad |
| molan |
| mo | -lan |
| mo | -lan |
| what | -DAT |
| ad/av/pa/pr | -case |
| molan |
| mo | -la | -n |
| mo | -la | -n |
| what | -PL | -GEN |
| ad/av/pa/pr | -num | -case |
|
| βara |
| βara |
| βara |
| then |
| av/pa |
| βara |
| βar | -a |
| βare | -a |
| mix | -3SG |
| vb2 | -pers |
|
|
| deket |
| dek | -et |
| dek | -et |
| to | -2SG |
| po | -poss |
| deket |
| dek | -et |
| deke | -et |
| to | -2SG |
| po | -poss |
|
|
| ogə̑t |
| og | -ə̑t |
| og | -ə̑t |
| NEG | -3PL |
| vb | -pers |
| ogə̑t |
| og | -ə̑t |
| og | -ə̑t |
| NEG | -2SG |
| vb | -pers |
|
| koj? |
| koj | -Ø |
| koj | -Ø |
| be.visible | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| koj? |
| koj | -Ø |
| koj | -Ø |
| be.visible | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| koj? |
| koj | -Ø |
| koj | -Ø |
| be.visible | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gə̑č́ 11
Šüdö metr kokla gə̑č́ lüjaš.
| Šüdö |
| Šüdö |
| šüdö |
| hundred |
| nm |
| Šüdö |
| Šüdö | -Ø |
| šüdö | -Ø |
| order | -IMP.2SG |
| vb2 | -mood.pers |
| Šüdö |
| Šüd | -ö |
| šüd | -Je |
| clear | -PST1.3SG |
| vb1 | -tense.pers |
| Šüdö |
| Šüdö | -Ø |
| šüdö | -Ø |
| order | -CNG |
| vb2 | -conn |
|
|
| kokla |
| kokla |
| kokla |
| distance |
| ad/no |
| kokla |
| kok | -la |
| kok | -la |
| cook | -COMP |
| no | -case |
| kokla |
| kok | -la |
| kok | -la |
| two | -COMP |
| nm | -case |
| kokla |
| kok | -la |
| kok | -la |
| cook | -PL |
| no | -num |
| kokla |
| kok | -la |
| kok | -la |
| two | -PL |
| nm | -num |
| kokla |
| kok | -la |
| kok | -la |
| cook | -STR |
| no | -enc |
| kokla |
| kok | -la |
| kok | -la |
| two | -STR |
| nm | -enc |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| lüjaš. |
| lüj | -aš |
| lüjö | -aš |
| shoot | -INF |
| vb2 | -inf |
|
gə̑č́ 12 (N. Lekajn)
Apšat tudə̑n dek mijə̑šat, βujžo gə̑č́ nijalten koltə̑š.
| Apšat |
| Apšat |
| apšat |
| blacksmith |
| no |
|
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| tudə̑n |
| his/her |
| pr |
| tudə̑n |
| tudo | -n |
| tudo | -n |
| 3SG | -GEN |
| pr | -case |
|
|
| mijə̑šat, |
| mijə̑ | -š | -Ø | -at |
| mije | -š | -Ø | -at |
| come | -PST1 | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers | -enc |
| mijə̑šat, |
| mijə̑ | -š | -at |
| mije | -še | -at |
| come | -PTCP.ACT | -and |
| vb2 | -ad | -enc |
|
| βujžo |
| βuj | -žo |
| βuj | -že |
| head | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| nijalten |
| nijalt | -en | -Ø |
| nijalte | -en | -Ø |
| stroke | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| nijalten |
| nijalt | -en |
| nijalte | -en |
| stroke | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| koltə̑š. |
| koltə̑š |
| koltə̑š |
| conductivity |
| no |
| koltə̑š. |
| koltə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| kolto | -š | -Ø |
| send | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
gə̑č́ 13 (J. Jalmarij)
Ol'u βoštə̑lmo jöre peleštə̑š, no mə̑jə̑m kidpüan gə̑č́ ə̑š nal.
|
|
| βoštə̑lmo |
| βoštə̑l | -mo |
| βoštə̑l | -me |
| laugh | -PTCP.PASS |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| jöre |
| jöre |
| jöre |
| together |
| ad/av/po |
|
| peleštə̑š, |
| peleštə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| pelešte | -š | -Ø |
| say | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
|
| mə̑jə̑m |
| mə̑jə̑m |
| mə̑jə̑m |
| me |
| pr |
| mə̑jə̑m |
| mə̑j | -ə̑m |
| mə̑j | -m |
| 1SG | -ACC |
| pr | -case |
|
| kidpüan |
| kidpüan |
| kidpüan |
| bend.of.the.arm |
| no |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| ə̑š |
| ə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| ə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| NEG | -PST | -3SG |
| vb | -tense | -pers |
|
| nal. |
| nal | -Ø |
| nal | -Ø |
| take | -IMP.2SG |
| vb1 | -mood.pers |
| nal. |
| nal | -Ø |
| nal | -Ø |
| take | -CNG |
| vb1 | -conn |
| nal. |
| nal | -Ø |
| nal | -Ø |
| take | -CVB |
| vb1 | -adv |
|
gə̑č́ 14 (N. Lekajn)
Kapka šeŋgelne, kudə̑βeč́ə̑šte, Ondri Japə̑k den βatə̑že šə̑pak šogat, šelše gə̑č́ uremə̑š onč́at.
| Kapka |
| Kapka |
| kapka |
| gate |
| no |
|
| šeŋgelne, |
| šeŋgelne |
| šeŋgelne |
| behind |
| av/po |
|
| kudə̑βeč́ə̑šte, |
| kudə̑βeč́ə̑ | -šte |
| kudə̑βeč́e | -šte |
| court | -INE |
| no | -case |
|
| Ondri |
| Ondri |
| Ondri |
| Ondri |
| na |
|
| Japə̑k |
| Japə̑k |
| Japə̑k |
| Yapyk |
| na |
|
|
| βatə̑že |
| βatə̑ | -že |
| βate | -že |
| wife | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
| βatə̑že |
| βatə̑ | -že |
| βate | -že |
| absorbent.cotton | -3SG |
| no | -poss |
|
| šə̑pak |
| šə̑pak |
| šə̑pak |
| quietly |
| av |
| šə̑pak |
| šə̑p | -ak |
| šə̑p | -ak |
| quiet | -STR |
| ad/av/no | -enc |
|
| šogat, |
| šoga | -t |
| šoga | -et |
| plough | -2SG |
| no | -poss |
| šogat, |
| šoga | -t |
| šoga | -at |
| plough | -and |
| no | -enc |
| šogat, |
| šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| stop | -and |
| vb | -enc |
| šogat, |
| šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| mute | -and |
| ad | -enc |
| šogat, |
| šog | -at |
| šogo | -at |
| stand | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| šogat, |
| šog | -a | -t |
| šogo | -a | -at |
| stand | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| šogat, |
| šog | -Ø | -at |
| šogo | -Ø | -at |
| stand | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
| šelše |
| šelše |
| šelše |
| crack |
| no |
| šelše |
| šel | -še |
| šel | -še |
| break | -PTCP.ACT |
| vb1 | -ad |
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
| uremə̑š |
| urem | -ə̑š |
| urem | -š |
| street | -ILL |
| no | -case |
|
| onč́at. |
| onč́ | -at |
| onč́o | -at |
| look | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| onč́at. |
| onč́ | -a | -t |
| onč́o | -a | -at |
| look | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| onč́at. |
| onč́ | -Ø | -at |
| onč́o | -Ø | -at |
| look | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
gə̑č́ 15
Pašaze ješ gə̑č́
| Pašaze |
| Pašaze |
| pašaze |
| worker |
| ad/no |
|
|
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
gə̑č́ 16 (M. Jeβsejeβa)
Terentij Marnuš gajak nužna ješ gə̑č́.
| Terentij |
| Terentij |
| Terentij |
| Terentiy |
| na |
|
| Marnuš |
| Marnuš |
| Marnuš |
| Marnush |
| na |
|
| gajak |
| gajak |
| gajak |
| almost |
| po |
| gajak |
| gaj | -ak |
| gaj | -ak |
| like | -STR |
| ad/av/pa/po | -enc |
| gajak |
| gaj | -ak |
| gaje | -ak |
| like | -STR |
| po | -enc |
|
| nužna |
| nužna |
| nužna |
| poor |
| ad/no |
| nužna |
| nuž | -na |
| nuž | -na |
| nettle | -1PL |
| no | -poss |
| nužna |
| nuž | -na |
| nuž | -na |
| pike | -1PL |
| no | -poss |
|
|
| gə̑č́. |
| gə̑č́ |
| gə̑č́ |
| from |
| po |
|
gə̑č́ 17 (Kalə̑kmut)
Kajə̑kə̑m č́oŋeštə̑mə̑ž gə̑č́ak palat.
| Kajə̑kə̑m |
| Kajə̑k | -ə̑m |
| kajə̑k | -m |
| bird | -ACC |
| no | -case |
|
| č́oŋeštə̑mə̑ž |
| č́oŋeštə̑ | -mə̑ | -ž |
| č́oŋešte | -me | -že |
| fly | -PTCP.PASS | -3SG |
| vb2 | -ad | -poss |
|
| gə̑č́ak |
| gə̑č́ | -ak |
| gə̑č́ | -ak |
| from | -STR |
| po | -enc |
|
| palat. |
| pal | -at |
| pale | -at |
| marking | -and |
| ad/no | -enc |
| palat. |
| pal | -at |
| pale | -at |
| know | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| palat. |
| pal | -a | -t |
| pale | -a | -at |
| know | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| palat. |
| pal | -Ø | -at |
| pale | -Ø | -at |
| know | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
ges 1 (Ju. Č́aβajn)
A GES-βlak, puen ilə̑š tulə̑m, mə̑ńar zaβodlam ə̑lə̑žtat!
|
|
| GES-βlak, |
| GES | -βlak |
| GES | -βlak |
| hydroelectric.power.plant | -PL |
| no | -num |
|
| puen |
| pu} | -en | -Ø |
| puo | -en | -Ø |
| give | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| puen |
| pu} | -en | -Ø |
| puo | -en | -Ø |
| blow | -PST2 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
| puen |
| pu} | -en |
| puo | -en |
| give | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
| puen |
| pu} | -en |
| puo | -en |
| blow | -CVB |
| vb2 | -adv |
|
| ilə̑š |
| ilə̑š |
| ilə̑š |
| life |
| no |
| ilə̑š |
| ilə̑ | -š | -Ø |
| ile | -š | -Ø |
| live | -PST1 | -3SG |
| vb2 | -tense | -pers |
|
| tulə̑m, |
| tul | -ə̑m |
| tul | -m |
| fire | -ACC |
| ad/no | -case |
| tulə̑m, |
| tulə̑ | -m |
| tulo | -m |
| watermill | -ACC |
| no | -case |
| tulə̑m, |
| tulə̑ | -m |
| tulo | -m |
| stormy | -ACC |
| ad | -case |
|
| mə̑ńar |
| mə̑ńar |
| mə̑ńar |
| how.many |
| av/co/pr |
|
| zaβodlam |
| zaβod | -la | -m |
| zaβod | -la | -m |
| factory | -PL | -ACC |
| no | -num | -case |
| zaβodlam |
| zaβod | -la | -m |
| zaβod | -la | -em |
| factory | -COMP | -1SG |
| no | -case | -poss |
| zaβodlam |
| zaβod | -la | -m |
| zaβod | -la | -em |
| factory | -PL | -1SG |
| no | -num | -poss |
|
| ə̑lə̑žtat! |
| ə̑lə̑žt | -at |
| ə̑lə̑žte | -at |
| kindle | -3PL |
| vb2 | -pers |
| ə̑lə̑žtat! |
| ə̑lə̑žt | -a | -t |
| ə̑lə̑žte | -a | -at |
| kindle | -3SG | -and |
| vb2 | -pers | -enc |
| ə̑lə̑žtat! |
| ə̑lə̑žt | -Ø | -at |
| ə̑lə̑žte | -Ø | -at |
| kindle | -CNG | -and |
| vb2 | -conn | -enc |
|
