nala•m
{verb I} [Generate paradigm] 1. to take
♢ kniga•t ʃø•rləkəʃtø, nal {sentence} your book is on the shelf, take it
♦ βuje•ʃ ida• nal {phrase} sorry, excuse me
♦ nele•ʃ ida• nal {phrase} sorry, excuse me
♦ tu•βərən ty•sʃəm ke•t͡ɕe na•lən {phrase} the shirt lost its color in the sun
♦ aβtorite•təm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to gain authority
♦ βij de•ne nala•m {verb I} to take by force
♦ do•lʒnostʲəm nala•m {verb I} to take office, to take up one's post
♦ βe•rəm nala•m {verb I} to take one's seat
♦ βi•jəm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to gather power, to gain strength; {set phrase} to take someone's power, to drain someone's power
♦ βuje•ʃ nala•m {verb I} to be offended, to be insulted
♦ βuje•ʃ nala•ʃ o•gəl {verb I – negative} {set phrase} to excuse, to forgive
♦ ikta•ʒ-køn ʃy•mʒəm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to capture someone's heart
♦ ikta•ʒ-mom ʃy•məʃ nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to be insulted by something, to take offense at something, to take something to heart
♦ jo•ləm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to start walking
♦ kid jəma•ke nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to dominate, to subjugate
♦ ki•dəʃ nala•m {verb I} to pick up, to take in one's hands; {set phrase} to lay one's hands on something, to seize something
♦ ku•mələm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to win someone's favor
♦ kut͡ɕe•məm ʃke ki•dəʃke nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to take power
♦ mu•təm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to take the floor, to speak
♦ na•lən pəʃte•m {verb II} to rearrange, to move around
♦ na•lən ʃənde•m {verb II} to rearrange, to move around
♦ na•lən jamdəle•m {verb II} to buy up, to stock up in advance
♦ obʲaza•teʎstβəm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to commit oneself, to make an obligation
♦ oksa•m ky•sən nala•m {verb I} to borrow, to incur debt
♦ pele•n nala•m {verb I} to take along, to bring along
♦ prime•rəm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to follow someone's example
♦ pərʎa• nala•m {verb I} to take along
♦ rut͡ɕka•m ki•dəʃke nala•m {verb I} to pick up a pen
♦ so•lək nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to court, to seek in marriage
♦ sə•nəm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to take a form; {set phrase} to take a color
♦ ta•məm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to taste, to try; {set phrase} to understand, to see to the bottom of something, to see through something
♦ ty•rβəm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to kiss, to give a kiss
♦ ty•səm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to take a form; {set phrase} to take a color
♦ u ly•məm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to take a new name, to assume a new name
♦ uβe•rəm nala•m {verb I} to take a message
♦ uʃe•ʃ nala•m {verb I} to remember
♦ u•ʃəm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to come to, to regain consciousness; {set phrase} to drive crazy, to drive mad; {set phrase} to become intelligent, to get smart; {set phrase} to become independent, to stand on one's own feet
♦ y•dərəm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to marry (a girl), to get married
♦ y•dərəm na•lən pue•m {verb II} {set phrase} to marry somebody off
♦ yma•m nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to kiss, to give a kiss
♦ yna•rəm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to gather power, to gain strength; {set phrase} to take someone's power, to drain someone's power
♦ t͡ɕa•pəm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to become famous
♦ t͡ɕo•nəm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to touch, to move, to grip someone's heart; {set phrase} to be born; {set phrase} to take someone's life, to deprive of life, to kill
♦ ʃke ymba•ke nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to take upon oneself; {set phrase} to take offense, to be offended
♦ ʃke•məm ki•dəʃ nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to pull oneself together, to get a grip on oneself
♦ ʃkol gət͡ɕ nala•m {verb I} to take out of school
♦ ʃoma•kəm nala•m {verb I} to speak next, to take the floor
♦ ʃo•təʃ nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to consider, to take into consideration
♦ ʃu•pʃən nala•m {verb I} to take away, to extract
♦ ju•məm nala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to cross oneself; {set phrase} to be baptized, to be christened
2. to buy, to purchase
♢ kniga•m uʒe• nala•ʃ ok lij {sentence} the book is no longer available
♦ bile•təm nala•m {verb I} to buy a ticket
♦ nala•ʃ kaje•m {verb II} to go shopping
♦ nala•ʃ li•jme {adjective} obtainable, on the market
♦ na•lən opte•m {verb II} to buy in advance, to buy in reserve
♦ na•lən pue•m {verb II} to buy something for someone
♦ satu•m nala•m {verb I} to buy goods
♦ satu•m ʃe•mən nala•m {verb I} to buy goods on the black market
♦ ʃe•rgən nala•m {verb I} to pay a high price for something
♦ ʃu•ldən nala•m {verb I} to buy cheap
♦ na•lən pəʃte•m {verb II} to buy in advance
3. to receive, to get, to be given, to obtain
♢ saj βospita•nijəm na•lən {sentence} (s)he was brought up well
♢ jot͡ɕa•-βlak jy•ʃtø kugəza• det͡ɕ pøle•kəm na•lət {sentence} the children are getting presents from Father Christmas
♢ ola• βes ty•səm nale•ʃ {sentence} the city got a new appearance, the city got a new face
♦ βə•sʃij obrazoβa•nijəm nala•m {verb I} to receive higher education
♦ diplo•məm nala•m {verb I} to get a diploma, to get a degree
♦ ky•sənəm nala•m {verb I} to get a loan; {set phrase} to take revenge
♦ na•lən pue•m {verb II} to get something for someone
♦ o•pətəm nala•m {verb I} to gain experience, to gather experience
♦ o•rdenəm nala•m {verb I} to be given a decoration
♦ po•ləʃəm nala•m {verb I} to receive aid, to receive help
♦ razreʃe•nijəm nala•m {verb I} to receive permission, to be given permission
♦ ʃint͡ɕəma•ʃəm nala•m {verb I} to gain knowledge
♦ ʃojakle•n nala•m {verb I} to obtain by fraud
4. to hire, to employ, to take (e.g., for a job)
♦ ikta•ʒ-køm ʃko•ləʃ tunəktəʃəla•n nala•m {verb I} to hire somebody as a school teacher
♦ paʃa•ʃ nala•m {verb I} to hire
♦ ʃko•ləʃ nala•m {verb I} to admit to a school
5. to win, to take (a place in a competition)
♦ i•kəmʃe βe•rəm nala•m {verb I} to take first place
♦ i•kəmʃe pri•zəm nala•m {verb I} to win the first prize
6. to capture, to seize
♦ ola•m nala•m {verb I} to capture a city
♦ rualte•n nala•m {verb I} to capture, to seize
♦ t͡ɕoŋga•m nala•m {verb I} to capture a height
7. {warfare} to draft, to call up, to conscript
♢ iza•məm a•rmijəʃ na•lənət {sentence} my brother was called up to the army
8. to gather, to collect, to harvest
♦ lu omarta• mykʃ gət͡ɕ kumʃy•dø kilo• my•jəm nala•m {verb I} to gather three hundred kilos of honey from ten hives of bees
♦ poge•n nala•m {verb I} to gather, to collect, to harvest
9. to remove, to take off
♦ βuj gət͡ɕ ʃo•βət͡ɕəm nala•m {verb I} to remove a kerchief from one's head, to take off a kerchief
♦ ki•dəm nala•m {verb I} to remove one's hand
♦ okna•m nala•m {verb I} to remove a window
♦ ʃint͡ɕa•m nala•ʃ o•gəl {verb I – negative} {set phrase} to stare, to gaze, not take one's eyes off something
♦ ʃørymba•ləm nala•m {verb I} to remove cream (from milk)
10. to bite (fish)
♢ ju•ʒo kol ke•t͡ɕe ʃi•t͡ɕme go•dəm nale•ʃ {sentence} some fish bite during sunset
11. to take up, to take (time, space)
♦ ʃu•ko ʒa•pəm nala•m {verb I} to take a lot of time
12. to dwell on, to take into consideration, to review, to take
♢ na•lza te•βe jaʃtəβa•jəm, tu•do ta•le, nə•ʒəl kuməla•n {sentence} take Yashtyvay, for example, he's strong and has a good heart
13. {mathematics} to subtract, to deduct
♦ ku•mət gət͡ɕ i•ktəm nala•m {verb I} to subtract one from three
♦ nə•lət gət͡ɕ ko•kətəm nala•m {verb I} to subtract two from four
14. to put (in brackets, quotes, parentheses)
♦ predloʒe•nijəm ka•βət͡ɕkəʃ nala•m {verb I} to put a sentence into quotes
15. to fill with (water, air, etc.)
♦ βy•dəm umʃa•ʃ nala•m {verb I} to fill one's mouth with water
♦ tama•k ʃi•kʃəm kø•rgəʃ nala•m {verb I} to inhale tobacco smoke
16. to move, to go (in a direction)
♢ purla•ʃ it nal - tu•ʃto ke•lge kore•m, ʃola•ʃ nal, {sentence} don't go to the right, there's a deep ravine there, go to the left
17. {figuratively} to deliver a child, to assist in childbirth
♦ ket͡ɕəla•n kum ydərama•ʃən jot͡ɕa•ʃtəm nala•m {verb I} to assist three women in childbirth a day
18. {figuratively} to captivate, to enchant
♢ ti•de y•dər jyd ome•m na•lən {sentence} this girl captivated my dreams
19. to engulf, to cover (flames, water, fog, etc.)
♢ okna•ʃte βyd nale•ʃ {sentence} the windows are steamed up
♢ saŋga•ʃtəʒe ʃərt͡ɕa• na•lən {sentence} his/her forehead is getting sweaty
♢ tørza•ʃ ʃərt͡ɕa• na•lən {sentence} drops collected on the window
♢ ʃint͡ɕaβy•d nale•ʃ {sentence} tears are flowing
♢ ʃə•de nale•ʃ {sentence} (s)he is flying into a rage
♦ jole•m jy•ʃtø na•lən {phrase} my legs were frostbitten
♦ oŋəʃte•m kerʃ na•lən {phrase} I felt a stabbing pain in my chest
♦ pare•ŋge ʃu•dəm po•kʃəm na•lən {phrase} the potato leaves were touched with frost
♦ pø•rtəm tul na•lən {phrase} the house was engulfed in flames
♦ tytəra• nale•ʃ {phrase} a mist is rising
♦ βuje•m tytəra• na•lən {phrase} my mind was clouded
♦ βujəʃte•m tytəra• na•lən {phrase} my mind was clouded
♦ ʃint͡ɕa•ʃəʒe tytəra• na•lən {phrase} his/her eyes were dimmed with tears
♦ ʃint͡ɕa• jəre•m βyd nale•ʃ {phrase} tears well up in my eyes
20. {figuratively} (in combination with other conjugated verb denotes intensity)
♢ kot͡ɕa•j nale•ʃ βe•le taβa• {sentence} the old man is dancing his heart out
21. to appear (e.g., on skin - blisters, sores, beard, etc.)
♦ joləʃte•m βydotəza• na•lən {phrase} I have a blister on my foot
22. to infest (e.g., lice, worms)
♦ laβəra•n βujeʃe•m tij nalə•n {phrase} my dirty head was lice-infested
23. {transitive} to meet, to pick up
♦ nala•ʃ lekta•m {verb I} to go to meet someone
24. {in a converb construction} (marks perfective actions)
♦ kreda•l nala•m {verb I} to fight
♦ kritikoβatle•n nala•m {verb I} to criticize severely
♦ kuʃke•d nala•m {verb I} to skin
♦ ojəre•n nala•m {verb I} to choose, to select
♦ tyre•d nala•m {verb I} to cut (hair)
♦ ʃo•rtən nala•m {verb I} to shed a few tears
♦ ʃurge•n nala•m {verb I} to quarrel
25. {in a converb construction} (marks outward direction, coupled with transitive verbs)
♦ joktare•n nala•m {verb I} to pour out
~ COPULATIVE CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
/ na•lən βole•m {verb II} (down)
♢ ʃyʒare•m sara•j gət͡ɕ βit͡ɕ mu•nəm na•lən βo•ləʃ {sentence} my sister brought five eggs down from the shed
/ na•lən βolte•m {verb II} (down)
/ puʃe•ŋge gət͡ɕ pə•rəsəm na•lən βolte•m {verb II} to take a cat down from the tree
/ na•lən kaje•m {verb II} (away)
/ knigagu•do gət͡ɕ kniga•m na•lən kaje•m {verb II} to take out a book from the library
/ na•lən kolte•m {verb II} (through)
♢ is βoʃt ʃy•rtəm na•lən kolte•t, βara• βikte•t da kue•t ə•nde βəɲere•təm {sentence} you pass the thread through the reed, then you tighten the warp, and now you're weaving your canvas
/ na•lən konde•m {verb II} (towards)
♢ kum-nəl butəlka• joʃka•r araka•m na•lən konda•t {sentence} they're bringing three or four bottles of red wine
/ na•lən lekta•m {verb I} (away)
/ emgu•do gət͡ɕ kyle•ʃ e•məm na•lən lekta•m {verb I} to get the medication one needs from the drugstore
/ na•lən lukta•m {verb I} (out)
/ bibliote•ke gət͡ɕ kniga•m na•lən lukta•m {verb I} to take a book out of a library
/ na•lən purte•m {verb II} (in)
/ po•t͡ɕto ja•ʃlək gət͡ɕ se•rəʃəm na•lən purte•m {verb II} to bring in the letters from the post box
/ na•lən tola•m {verb I} (towards the speaker)
♢ ola• gət͡ɕ mo kyleʃe•təm təlane•t na•lən tola•m {sentence} I'll get everything you need in town
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// na•lən pətare•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// ʃe•rge satu•m na•lən pətare•m {verb II} to buy expensive goods
// na•lən ʃint͡ɕe•m {verb II} {imperfective} (see above)
// βe•rəm na•lən ʃint͡ɕe•m {verb II} to take up space
// na•lən ʃoge•m {verb II} {imperfective} (see above)
♢ «o•nt͡ɕəko» ʒurna•ləm ka•ʒne i•jən na•lən ʃoge•m {sentence} I subscribe to the magazine "Onchyko" every year
// na•lən ʃənde•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ jeʃemla•n pøle•kəm na•lən ʃənde•m {sentence} I will buy a present for my family