numala•m
{verb I} [Generate paradigm] 1. to carry, to lug, to drag
♦ βa•č́e de•ne numala•m {verb I} to carry on one's shoulders
♦ βes βe•rə̑š numala•m {verb I} to bring to another place
♦ joč́a•m numa•l konde•m {verb II} to lead a child by the hand
♦ ka•pə̑m numala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to grow up, to become adult
♦ kə̑lta•m numala•m {verb I} to carry sheaves
♦ mü•škə̑rə̑m numala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to become pregnant
♦ pele•də̑šə̑m numala•m {verb I} to carry flowers
♦ pele•n numala•m {verb I} to carry along
♦ saj otme•tkə̑m βe•le numala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to bring only good marks
♦ tagə̑na• de•ne βü•də̑m numala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to carry water in a sieve
♦ č́emoda•nə̑m numala•m {verb I} to lug a suitcase
♦ ške•mə̑m pə̑•kše numala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to drag oneself along
♦ šokte• de•ne βü•də̑m numala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to carry water in a sieve
♦ šü•mə̑štö küm numala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to bear a grudge
♦ ja•šlə̑kə̑m numala•m {verb I} to carry a box
2. to wear (clothing, glasses, beard)
♦ šinč́a•lə̑kə̑m numala•m {verb I} to wear glasses
3. {figuratively} to feel, to experience, to bear (sadness, joy, anger, etc.)
♦ βə̑•goβorə̑m numala•m {verb I} to get a dressing-down
♦ kua•nə̑m numala•m {verb I} to feel joy
4. {figuratively} to bear, to endure, to stand
♦ šü•mžö ok numa•l {phrase} his/her heart is not in it; (s)he can't take it, it's too much for him/her
♢ jö•sə̑m numa•lə̑nə̑t {sentence} they endured difficulties
♦ i•lə̑šə̑m numala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to support life
♦ jü•štö-šo•kšə̑m numala•m {verb I} to endure ups and downs, to endure hardships
♦ ne•lə̑lə̑kə̑m numala•m {verb I} to endure hardships
♦ o•jgə̑m numala•m {verb I} to endure grief
5. {figuratively} to carry out, to perform, to do (duties, tasks)
♦ ə̑štə̑ša•šlə̑kə̑m numala•m {verb I} to perform duties
6. {figuratively} to carry, to bear (a name), to be called
♢ Mari•j ka•lə̑k tea•tr M. Šketa•nə̑n lü•mžə̑m numale•š {sentence} the Mari National Theater bears the name of M. Shketan
7. to bear, to hold, to be stable
♢ ij numale•š {sentence} the ice will hold
8. {figuratively} to steal, to pinch, to pilfer, to filch
♢ ju•žə̑št paša• βer gə̑č́ tüška• po•gə̑m mö•ŋgə̑škə̑št numa•lə̑t {sentence} some people like to pinch common property at work and take it home
♦ klat gə̑č́ numala•m {verb I} to steal from the storehouse
9. {figuratively} to live through, to live
♢ tə̑na•r i•jə̑m numalme•k, tu•do ə̑•nde č́ə̑la• pala• {sentence} having lived so many years, (s)he now knows everything
~ COPULATIVE CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
/ numa•l lukta•m {verb I} (away)
/ ko•lə̑šə̑m numa•l lukta•m {verb I} to carry out a dead body
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// numa•l kode•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// βü•də̑m monč́a•š numa•l kode•m {verb II} to carry water into the sauna
// numa•l košta•m {verb I} {imperfective} (see above)
// joč́a•m ki•də̑šte numa•l košta•m {verb I} to carry a child in one's arms
// numa•l pə̑tare•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// saj kniga•m numa•l pə̑tare•m {verb II} to pilfer some good books
// numa•l šoge•m {verb II} {imperfective} (see above)
♢ küe•štme melna•m numa•l šoga•t {sentence} baked pancakes are carried away
// numa•l šə̑nde•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// monč́a•š βü•də̑m numa•l šə̑nde•m {verb II} to carry water into the sauna