əʃte•m
{verb II} [Generate paradigm] 1. to do
♢ məj tə•ʃte ɲimo•m əʃte•n om kert {sentence} there's nothing I can do here
♢ kuze• kelʃa•, tuge• ə•ʃte {sentence} do as you like
♢ məla•m ɲimo•m əʃta•ʃ {sentence} I've got nothing to do
♢ tu•dən de•ne məj mom βara• əʃte•m? {sentence} what should I do with him/her?
♦ βaʃ əʃte•m {verb II} to bring together
♦ βedra•m ku•mək əʃte•m {verb II} to turn over a bucket
♦ ikta•ʒ-køn de•ne uda•n əʃte•m {verb II} to treat someone badly
♦ kyle•ʃ joldoʃka•ltəʃəm əʃte•m {verb II} to take the necessary steps
♦ kyle•ʃ o•ʃkələm əʃte•m {verb II} to take the necessary steps
♦ lu•gət͡ɕ əʃte•m {verb II} {set phrase} to interrupt, to abort, to discontinue, to break off
♦ mut͡ɕa•ʃəm əʃte•m {verb II} {set phrase} to finish, to end
♦ pa•ləm əʃte•m {verb II} to mark
♦ pe•le gət͡ɕ əʃte•m {verb II} to divide in two halves, to divide into two halves
♦ rast͡ɕo•təm əʃte•m {verb II} to settle accounts
♦ rosko•təm əʃte•m {verb II} to use up, to consume
♦ soməlka•m əʃte•m {verb II} {set phrase} {religion} to perform a rite, to officiate
♦ so•mələm əʃte•m {verb II} {set phrase} {religion} to perform a rite, to officiate
♦ t͡ɕara•kəm əʃte•m {verb II} to hinder, to impede
♦ t͡ɕən əʃte•m {verb II} to do right, to do the right thing
♦ t͡ɕər o•məm əʃta•ʃ o•gəl {verb II – negative} {set phrase} not to get a wink of sleep, not to sleep a wink
♦ t͡ɕər oməma•t əʃta•ʃ o•gəl {verb II – negative} {set phrase} not to get a wink of sleep, not to sleep a wink
♦ əʃta•ʃ li•jdəme {noun} undoable, impossible
♦ əʃte•n ont͡ɕe•m {verb II} to try out, to attempt
2. to make, to create, to produce, to manufacture, to prepare
♦ korma•m əʃte•m {verb II} to prepare fodder
♦ pum əʃte•m {verb II} to make firewood, to prepare firewood
♦ ʃu•dəm əʃte•m {verb II} to make hay
3. to carry out, to perform, to do, to conduct
♦ zada•nijəm əʃte•m {verb II} to do a task, to carry out a task
♦ ikta•ʒ-køla•n nakaza•nijəm əʃte•m {verb II} to mete out punishment to somebody
♦ ito•gəm əʃte•m {verb II} to add up, to sum up
♦ ket͡ɕəβa•l ko•t͡ɕkəʃəm əʃte•m {verb II} to have lunch
♦ kidβi•j paʃa•m əʃte•m {verb II} to perform manual labor
♦ kidpaʃa•m əʃte•m {verb II} to do needlework
♦ opera•t͡sijəm əʃte•m {verb II} to carry out an operation, to operate
♦ o•pətəm əʃte•m {verb II} to carry out a test, to perform an experiment
♦ paʃa•m əʃte•m {verb II} {set phrase} to work
♦ pere•rəβəm əʃte•m {verb II} to take a break
♦ prestuple•nijəm əʃte•m {verb II} to commit a crime, to perpetrate a crime
♦ reβi•zijəm əʃte•m {verb II} to audit, to carry out an audit
♦ uro•kəm əʃte•m {verb II} to do one's homework
♦ t͡ɕu•dəm əʃte•m {verb II} to work a miracle, to do a miracle
♦ əʃtəde• kode•m {verb II} to leave something undone
♦ er gət͡ɕ kas ma•rte paʃa•m əʃte•m {verb II} to work from dawn to dusk
4. to cause, to do
♦ ikta•ʒ-køla•n osa•ləm əʃte•m {verb II} to do wrong to somebody
♦ ikta•ʒ-køla•n po•rəm əʃte•m {verb II} to do good to somebody
♦ ikta•ʒ-køla•n uda•m əʃte•m {verb II} to do wrong to somebody
♦ zija•nəm əʃte•m {verb II} to harm, to do harm
♦ ly•dəkʃəm əʃte•m {verb II} to cause danger
♦ osa•ləm əʃte•m {verb II} to injure, to harm
♦ eŋge•kəm əʃte•m {verb II} to cause damage
5. to make into, to turn into
♢ tu•dəm serkaləʃəla•n əʃte•nət {sentence} they made him/her a secretary
♦ oro•ləm əʃte•m {verb II} to appoint as a guard, to set as a guard
♦ po•go gət͡ɕ oksa•m əʃte•m {verb II} to turn one's property into cash
6. to organize, to organise (B.E.ALT), to set up, to create, to make, to establish
♦ βosːta•nijəm əʃte•m {verb II} to organize an uprising
♦ je•ʃəm əʃte•m {verb II} to start a family
♦ jø•nəm əʃte•m {verb II} to create conditions
♦ kə•ləm əʃte•m {verb II} to establish contacts, to network
♦ pajre•məm əʃte•m {verb II} to organize a festivity
♦ soju•zəm əʃte•m {verb II} to establish an alliance, to form an alliance
7. to build, to construct, to erect
♦ tepli•t͡səm əʃte•m {verb II} to build a greenhouse
♦ pa•ḿatnikəm əʃte•m {verb II} to erect a monument
8. to fix, to set, to establish, to appoint, to define
♦ nəl ʃagata•n paʃa• ke•t͡ɕəm əʃte•m {verb II} to establish a four-hour work day
♦ reko•rdəm əʃte•m {verb II} to set a record, to establish a record
♦ ʃurnəla•n a•kəm əʃte•m {verb II} to fix a price on grain
9. to give birth, to bear
♦ pre•zəm əʃte•m {verb II} to calve
♦ pat͡ɕa•m əʃte•m {verb II} to lamb
10. to put together, to assemble, to set up, to draw up
♦ dogoβo•rəm əʃte•m {verb II} to conclude a contract
♦ zako•n sβo•dəm əʃte•m {verb II} to draw up a code of laws
♦ komi•sːijəm əʃte•m {verb II} to set up a committee
♦ mi•rəm əʃte•m {verb II} to make peace
♦ ojpo•gəm əʃte•m {verb II} to put together an anthology
♦ o•piśəm əʃte•m {verb II} to list, to inventory
♦ soglaʃe•nijəm əʃte•m {verb II} to conclude a contract
11. to work for
♦ ozala•n əʃte•m {verb II} to work for the boss
12. to work as, to work
♦ kø ok ə•ʃte, tu•do ok kot͡ɕ {phrase} he who does not work, shall not eat
♦ buxgalterla•n əʃte•m {verb II} to work as an accountant
♦ zaβo•dəʃto əʃte•m {verb II} to work in a factory
♦ tunəktəʃəla•n əʃte•m {verb II} to work as a teacher
13. to earn, to make (money)
♦ oksa•m əʃte•m {verb II} to make money, to earn money
14. to decide
♢ tunema•ʃ kolta•ʃ əʃte•n uləna• {sentence} we decided to send him/her to school
♦ kaja•ʃ əʃte•m {verb II} to decide to go
♦ βaʃlija•ʃ əʃte•m {verb II} to decide to meet
15. to function, to work
♦ ok ə•ʃte {noun} it's not working
♦ maʃina• sa•jən əʃta• {noun} the machine functions well
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// əʃte•n kolte•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// paʃa•m əʃte•n kolte•m {verb II} to do the work
// əʃte•n kudalte•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// ikta•ʒ-mom pi•sən əʃte•n kudalte•m {verb II} to do something quickly
// əʃte•n kəʃke•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// pørt so•mələm əʃte•n kəʃke•m {verb II} to do the household chores
// əʃte•n lukta•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above); {set phrase} {transitive} to train, to graduate
// tu•nəktəʃəm əʃte•n lukta•m {verb I} to train teachers
// əʃte•n lukma•ʃ {noun} {set phrase} production
// əʃte•n nala•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
// ki•ndəm əʃte•n nala•m {verb I} to earn one's bread
// oksa•m əʃte•n nala•m {verb I} to earn money
// əʃte•n opte•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// ikməɲa•r zada•t͡ɕəm əʃte•n opte•m {verb II} to solve a few problems
// əʃte•n pətare•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// t͡ɕəla• so•mələm əʃte•n pətare•m {verb II} to do all the work, to take care of all of the tasks
// əʃte•n tola•m {verb I} {imperfective} (see above)
// ja•ləm motorːa•kəm əʃte•n tola•m {verb I} to make a village more beautiful
// əʃte•n ʃint͡ɕe•m {verb II} {imperfective} (see above)
// mø•ŋgəsø paʃa•m əʃte•n ʃint͡ɕe•m {verb II} to do homework
// əʃte•n ʃoge•m {verb II} {imperfective} (see above)
// oksala•n βert͡ɕ ikməɲa•r paʃa•m əʃte•n ʃoge•m {verb II} to do some work for money
// əʃte•n ʃue•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ kora•ŋ βoktet͡ɕe•m, ikta•ʒ-mom əʃte•n ʃue•m {sentence} get lost or I'll do something
// əʃte•n ʃukte•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// kusarəma•ʃəm əʃte•n ʃukte•m {verb II} to do a translation
// əʃte•n ʃənde•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// kudəβe•t͡ɕe pokʃe•lne ta•βəm əʃte•n ʃənde•m {verb II} to build a well in the middle of the yard