ertarem
{verb II} [Generate paradigm] 1. {transitive} to spend, to pass (e.g., time)
♦ ʒapəm ludmo dene ertarem {verb II} to spend one's time reading
♦ ʒapəm ertarem {verb II} to spend one's time
♦ ʒapəm ertaren ʃogəltam {verb I} to stand around idly
♦ kasəm ertarem {verb II} to spend an evening
♦ keŋeʒəm jaləʃte ertarem {verb II} to spend the summer in the countryside
♦ ket͡ɕəm ertarem {verb II} to pass a day
♦ nakazanij srokəm ertarem {verb II} to serve one's sentence, to do one's time
♦ jara ʒapəm ertarem {verb II} to spend one's free time
2. to experience, to live through, to go through, to endure
♦ kugu ojgəm ertarem {verb II} to endure great sorrow
♦ pulamərəm ertarem {verb II} to go through hard times
3. to carry out, to conduct, to hold, to perform
♦ pajreməm ertarem {verb II} to hold a celebration
♦ pogənəmaʃəm ertarem {verb II} to conduct a meeting, to hold a meeting
♦ prijoməm ertarem {verb II} to hold a reception
♦ urokəm ertarem {verb II} to conduct a lesson, to give a lesson
♦ ʃoʃo aga paʃam ertarem {verb II} to carry out spring fieldwork
4. to exceed, to surpass, to cross
♦ kum pat͡ɕaʃ ertarem {verb II} to exceed three times, to exceed threefold
♦ norməm ertarem {verb II} to exceed a quota
♦ ʃydø kəltalan ertarem {verb II} to exceed by a hundred sheaves
5. to surpass, to show superiority
♢ at͡ɕaʒe t͡ɕoja marij əʎe, a ergəʒe tudəmat ertara {sentence} his father was a cunning man, but his son even surpasses him
6. {in a converb construction} (marks durative actions, coupled with transitive and intransitive verbs)
♦ ilen ertarem {verb II} to live, to reside
♦ malen ertarem {verb II} to sleep (for a certain time)
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// ertaren kajem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// erkən oʃkəlʃo-βlakəm ertaren kajem {verb II} to pass slow walkers
// ertaren koltem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ tudəm t͡ɕodəra got͡ɕ ertaren koltəʃəm {sentence} I led him through the forest
// ertaren lektam {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
// t͡ɕəla jøsəm ertaren lektam {verb I} to endure all hardships
// ertaren temem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// paʃa planəm ertaren temem {verb II} to be ahead of the work schedule, to exceed the word plan
// ertaren ʃuktem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// norməm ertaren ʃuktem {verb II} to exceed a quota
--"PARENT"--> ertem
