nalam
{verb I} [Generate paradigm] 1. to take
♢ knigat ʃørləkəʃtø, nal {sentence} your book is on the shelf, take it
♦ βujeʃ ida nal {phrase} sorry, excuse me
♦ neleʃ ida nal {phrase} sorry, excuse me
♦ tuβərən tysʃəm ket͡ɕe nalən {phrase} the shirt lost its color in the sun
♦ aβtoritetəm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to gain authority
♦ βij dene nalam {verb I} to take by force
♦ dolʒnostʲəm nalam {verb I} to take office, to take up one's post
♦ βerəm nalam {verb I} to take one's seat
♦ βijəm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to gather power, to gain strength; {set phrase} to take someone's power, to drain someone's power
♦ βujeʃ nalam {verb I} to be offended, to be insulted
♦ βujeʃ nalaʃ ogəl {verb I – negative} {set phrase} to excuse, to forgive
♦ iktaʒ-køn ʃymʒəm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to capture someone's heart
♦ iktaʒ-mom ʃyməʃ nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to be insulted by something, to take offense at something, to take something to heart
♦ joləm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to start walking
♦ kid jəmake nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to dominate, to subjugate
♦ kidəʃ nalam {verb I} to pick up, to take in one's hands; {set phrase} to lay one's hands on something, to seize something
♦ kumələm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to win someone's favor
♦ kut͡ɕeməm ʃke kidəʃke nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to take power
♦ mutəm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to take the floor, to speak
♦ nalən pəʃtem {verb II} to rearrange, to move around
♦ nalən ʃəndem {verb II} to rearrange, to move around
♦ nalən jamdəlem {verb II} to buy up, to stock up in advance
♦ obʲazateʎstβəm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to commit oneself, to make an obligation
♦ oksam kysən nalam {verb I} to borrow, to incur debt
♦ pelen nalam {verb I} to take along, to bring along
♦ primerəm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to follow someone's example
♦ pərʎa nalam {verb I} to take along
♦ rut͡ɕkam kidəʃke nalam {verb I} to pick up a pen
♦ solək nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to court, to seek in marriage
♦ sənəm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to take a form; {set phrase} to take a color
♦ taməm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to taste, to try; {set phrase} to understand, to see to the bottom of something, to see through something
♦ tyrβəm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to kiss, to give a kiss
♦ tysəm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to take a form; {set phrase} to take a color
♦ u lyməm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to take a new name, to assume a new name
♦ uβerəm nalam {verb I} to take a message
♦ uʃeʃ nalam {verb I} to remember
♦ uʃəm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to come to, to regain consciousness; {set phrase} to drive crazy, to drive mad; {set phrase} to become intelligent, to get smart; {set phrase} to become independent, to stand on one's own feet
♦ ydərəm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to marry (a girl), to get married
♦ ydərəm nalən puem {verb II} {set phrase} to marry somebody off
♦ ymam nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to kiss, to give a kiss
♦ ynarəm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to gather power, to gain strength; {set phrase} to take someone's power, to drain someone's power
♦ t͡ɕapəm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to become famous
♦ t͡ɕonəm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to touch, to move, to grip someone's heart; {set phrase} to be born; {set phrase} to take someone's life, to deprive of life, to kill
♦ ʃke ymbake nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to take upon oneself; {set phrase} to take offense, to be offended
♦ ʃkeməm kidəʃ nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to pull oneself together, to get a grip on oneself
♦ ʃkol gət͡ɕ nalam {verb I} to take out of school
♦ ʃomakəm nalam {verb I} to speak next, to take the floor
♦ ʃotəʃ nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to consider, to take into consideration
♦ ʃupʃən nalam {verb I} to take away, to extract
♦ juməm nalam {verb I} {set phrase} to cross oneself; {set phrase} to be baptized, to be christened
2. to buy, to purchase
♢ knigam uʒe nalaʃ ok lij {sentence} the book is no longer available
♦ biletəm nalam {verb I} to buy a ticket
♦ nalaʃ kajem {verb II} to go shopping
♦ nalaʃ lijme {adjective} obtainable, on the market
♦ nalən optem {verb II} to buy in advance, to buy in reserve
♦ nalən puem {verb II} to buy something for someone
♦ satum nalam {verb I} to buy goods
♦ satum ʃemən nalam {verb I} to buy goods on the black market
♦ ʃergən nalam {verb I} to pay a high price for something
♦ ʃuldən nalam {verb I} to buy cheap
♦ nalən pəʃtem {verb II} to buy in advance
3. to receive, to get, to be given, to obtain
♢ saj βospitanijəm nalən {sentence} (s)he was brought up well
♢ jot͡ɕa-βlak jyʃtø kugəza det͡ɕ pølekəm nalət {sentence} the children are getting presents from Father Christmas
♢ ola βes tysəm naleʃ {sentence} the city got a new appearance, the city got a new face
♦ βəsʃij obrazoβanijəm nalam {verb I} to receive higher education
♦ diploməm nalam {verb I} to get a diploma, to get a degree
♦ kysənəm nalam {verb I} to get a loan; {set phrase} to take revenge
♦ nalən puem {verb II} to get something for someone
♦ opətəm nalam {verb I} to gain experience, to gather experience
♦ ordenəm nalam {verb I} to be given a decoration
♦ poləʃəm nalam {verb I} to receive aid, to receive help
♦ razreʃenijəm nalam {verb I} to receive permission, to be given permission
♦ ʃint͡ɕəmaʃəm nalam {verb I} to gain knowledge
♦ ʃojaklen nalam {verb I} to obtain by fraud
4. to hire, to employ, to take (e.g., for a job)
♦ iktaʒ-køm ʃkoləʃ tunəktəʃəlan nalam {verb I} to hire somebody as a school teacher
♦ paʃaʃ nalam {verb I} to hire
♦ ʃkoləʃ nalam {verb I} to admit to a school
5. to win, to take (a place in a competition)
♦ ikəmʃe βerəm nalam {verb I} to take first place
♦ ikəmʃe prizəm nalam {verb I} to win the first prize
6. to capture, to seize
♦ olam nalam {verb I} to capture a city
♦ rualten nalam {verb I} to capture, to seize
♦ t͡ɕoŋgam nalam {verb I} to capture a height
7. {warfare} to draft, to call up, to conscript
♢ izaməm armijəʃ nalənət {sentence} my brother was called up to the army
8. to gather, to collect, to harvest
♦ lu omarta mykʃ gət͡ɕ kumʃydø kilo myjəm nalam {verb I} to gather three hundred kilos of honey from ten hives of bees
♦ pogen nalam {verb I} to gather, to collect, to harvest
9. to remove, to take off
♦ βuj gət͡ɕ ʃoβət͡ɕəm nalam {verb I} to remove a kerchief from one's head, to take off a kerchief
♦ kidəm nalam {verb I} to remove one's hand
♦ oknam nalam {verb I} to remove a window
♦ ʃint͡ɕam nalaʃ ogəl {verb I – negative} {set phrase} to stare, to gaze, not take one's eyes off something
♦ ʃørymbaləm nalam {verb I} to remove cream (from milk)
10. to bite (fish)
♢ juʒo kol ket͡ɕe ʃit͡ɕme godəm naleʃ {sentence} some fish bite during sunset
11. to take up, to take (time, space)
♦ ʃuko ʒapəm nalam {verb I} to take a lot of time
12. to dwell on, to take into consideration, to review, to take
♢ nalza teβe jaʃtəβajəm, tudo tale, nəʒəl kuməlan {sentence} take Yashtyvay, for example, he's strong and has a good heart
13. {mathematics} to subtract, to deduct
♦ kumət gət͡ɕ iktəm nalam {verb I} to subtract one from three
♦ nələt gət͡ɕ kokətəm nalam {verb I} to subtract two from four
14. to put (in brackets, quotes, parentheses)
♦ predloʒenijəm kaβət͡ɕkəʃ nalam {verb I} to put a sentence into quotes
15. to fill with (water, air, etc.)
♦ βydəm umʃaʃ nalam {verb I} to fill one's mouth with water
♦ tamak ʃikʃəm kørgəʃ nalam {verb I} to inhale tobacco smoke
16. to move, to go (in a direction)
♢ purlaʃ it nal - tuʃto kelge korem, ʃolaʃ nal, {sentence} don't go to the right, there's a deep ravine there, go to the left
17. {figuratively} to deliver a child, to assist in childbirth
♦ ket͡ɕəlan kum ydəramaʃən jot͡ɕaʃtəm nalam {verb I} to assist three women in childbirth a day
18. {figuratively} to captivate, to enchant
♢ tide ydər jyd omem nalən {sentence} this girl captivated my dreams
19. to engulf, to cover (flames, water, fog, etc.)
♢ oknaʃte βyd naleʃ {sentence} the windows are steamed up
♢ saŋgaʃtəʒe ʃərt͡ɕa nalən {sentence} his/her forehead is getting sweaty
♢ tørzaʃ ʃərt͡ɕa nalən {sentence} drops collected on the window
♢ ʃint͡ɕaβyd naleʃ {sentence} tears are flowing
♢ ʃəde naleʃ {sentence} (s)he is flying into a rage
♦ jolem jyʃtø nalən {phrase} my legs were frostbitten
♦ oŋəʃtem kerʃ nalən {phrase} I felt a stabbing pain in my chest
♦ pareŋge ʃudəm pokʃəm nalən {phrase} the potato leaves were touched with frost
♦ pørtəm tul nalən {phrase} the house was engulfed in flames
♦ tytəra naleʃ {phrase} a mist is rising
♦ βujem tytəra nalən {phrase} my mind was clouded
♦ βujəʃtem tytəra nalən {phrase} my mind was clouded
♦ ʃint͡ɕaʃəʒe tytəra nalən {phrase} his/her eyes were dimmed with tears
♦ ʃint͡ɕa jərem βyd naleʃ {phrase} tears well up in my eyes
20. {figuratively} (in combination with other conjugated verb denotes intensity)
♢ kot͡ɕaj naleʃ βele taβa {sentence} the old man is dancing his heart out
21. to appear (e.g., on skin - blisters, sores, beard, etc.)
♦ joləʃtem βydotəza nalən {phrase} I have a blister on my foot
22. to infest (e.g., lice, worms)
♦ laβəran βujeʃem tij nalən {phrase} my dirty head was lice-infested
23. {transitive} to meet, to pick up
♦ nalaʃ lektam {verb I} to go to meet someone
24. {in a converb construction} (marks perfective actions)
♦ kredal nalam {verb I} to fight
♦ kritikoβatlen nalam {verb I} to criticize severely
♦ kuʃked nalam {verb I} to skin
♦ ojəren nalam {verb I} to choose, to select
♦ tyred nalam {verb I} to cut (hair)
♦ ʃortən nalam {verb I} to shed a few tears
♦ ʃurgen nalam {verb I} to quarrel
25. {in a converb construction} (marks outward direction, coupled with transitive verbs)
♦ joktaren nalam {verb I} to pour out
~ COPULATIVE CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
/ nalən βolem {verb II} (down)
♢ ʃyʒarem saraj gət͡ɕ βit͡ɕ munəm nalən βoləʃ {sentence} my sister brought five eggs down from the shed
/ nalən βoltem {verb II} (down)
/ puʃeŋge gət͡ɕ pərəsəm nalən βoltem {verb II} to take a cat down from the tree
/ nalən kajem {verb II} (away)
/ knigagudo gət͡ɕ knigam nalən kajem {verb II} to take out a book from the library
/ nalən koltem {verb II} (through)
♢ is βoʃt ʃyrtəm nalən koltet, βara βiktet da kuet ənde βəɲeretəm {sentence} you pass the thread through the reed, then you tighten the warp, and now you're weaving your canvas
/ nalən kondem {verb II} (towards)
♢ kum-nəl butəlka joʃkar arakam nalən kondat {sentence} they're bringing three or four bottles of red wine
/ nalən lektam {verb I} (away)
/ emgudo gət͡ɕ kyleʃ eməm nalən lektam {verb I} to get the medication one needs from the drugstore
/ nalən luktam {verb I} (out)
/ biblioteke gət͡ɕ knigam nalən luktam {verb I} to take a book out of a library
/ nalən purtem {verb II} (in)
/ pot͡ɕto jaʃlək gət͡ɕ serəʃəm nalən purtem {verb II} to bring in the letters from the post box
/ nalən tolam {verb I} (towards the speaker)
♢ ola gət͡ɕ mo kyleʃetəm təlanet nalən tolam {sentence} I'll get everything you need in town
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// nalən pətarem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// ʃerge satum nalən pətarem {verb II} to buy expensive goods
// nalən ʃint͡ɕem {verb II} {imperfective} (see above)
// βerəm nalən ʃint͡ɕem {verb II} to take up space
// nalən ʃogem {verb II} {imperfective} (see above)
♢ «ont͡ɕəko» ʒurnaləm kaʒne ijən nalən ʃogem {sentence} I subscribe to the magazine "Onchyko" every year
// nalən ʃəndem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ jeʃemlan pølekəm nalən ʃəndem {sentence} I will buy a present for my family
