Mari-English Dictionary
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Mari-English Dictionary

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Stress, Palatalness: ● Extra Characters (•, ') ○ Bold/Italics ○ Do Not Annotate
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA
Ordering: ● Alphabetical ○ Reverse
punalta•m
{verb I} [Generate paradigm]
1.     {intransitive} to curl up, to coil up
kere•m punalte•š     {sentence}     the rope is coiling up
2.     to become entwined, to become tangled up
pütə̑raltə̑ššu•do de•ne punalta•m     {verb I}     to become entwined with bindweed
3.     {figuratively} to whirl, to spiral up (e.g., smoke)
šikš punalte•š     {sentence}     the smoke is spiraling up
4.     {figuratively} to wind, to meander (e.g., a road)
ko•rno punalte•š     {sentence}     the road meanders
5.     {figuratively} to get mixed up, to get muddled up, to get confused
tu•də̑n βu•jə̑štə̑žo č́ə̑la• šonə̑ma•šə̑že puna•ltə̑n     {sentence}     all his/her thoughts were muddled
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// puna•lt(ə̑n) βoza•m     {verb I}     {perfective} (see above)
ko•rno puna•lt βo•zə̑n     {sentence}     the road meandered
// puna•lt(ə̑n) koda•m     {verb I}     {perfective} (see above)
šikš puna•lt ko•do     {sentence}     the smoke spiraled up
// puna•lt(ə̑n) pə̑te•m     {verb II}     {perfective} (see above)
ü•pšö puna•lt pə̑te•n     {sentence}     his/her hair got tangled up
--"PARENT"--> pune•m

◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌entry◌"◌>◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌lex◌"◌>◌◌punaltam◌<◌/◌div◌>◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌cl◌"◌>◌◌{◌verb◌◌I◌}◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌mean◌"◌>◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌num◌"◌>◌◌1◌.◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌tr◌"◌>◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌note◌"◌>◌◌{◌intransitive◌}◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌to◌◌curl◌◌up◌,◌◌to◌◌coil◌◌up◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌sub◌"◌>◌◌&◌#◌9◌◌8◌◌2◌◌6◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌mar◌"◌>◌◌kerem◌◌punalte◌š◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌cl◌"◌>◌◌{◌sentence◌}◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌tr◌"◌>◌◌the◌◌rope◌◌is◌◌coiling◌◌up◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌<◌/◌div◌>◌◌<◌/◌div◌>◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌mean◌"◌>◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌num◌"◌>◌◌2◌.◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌tr◌"◌>◌◌to◌◌become◌◌entwined◌,◌◌to◌◌become◌◌tangled◌◌up◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌sub◌"◌>◌◌&◌#◌9◌◌8◌◌3◌◌0◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌mar◌"◌>◌◌p◌ü◌t◌ə̑◌ralt◌ə̑šš◌udo◌◌dene◌◌punaltam◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌cl◌"◌>◌◌{◌verb◌◌I◌}◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌tr◌"◌>◌◌to◌◌become◌◌entwined◌◌with◌◌bindweed◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌<◌/◌div◌>◌◌<◌/◌div◌>◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌mean◌"◌>◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌num◌"◌>◌◌3◌.◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌tr◌"◌>◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌note◌"◌>◌◌{◌figuratively◌}◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌to◌◌whirl◌,◌◌to◌◌spiral◌◌up◌◌/#chm">[Search forvo.com for pronunciation]





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Last update: 10 August 2023