Mari-English Dictionary
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Mari-English Dictionary

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Stress, Palatalness: ● Extra Characters (•, ') ○ Bold/Italics ○ Do Not Annotate
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA
Ordering: ● Alphabetical ○ Reverse
toškalta•m
{verb I} [Generate paradigm]
1.     to be trampled, to be trampled down
šu•do toška•ltə̑n     {sentence}     the grass was trampled down
laβə̑ra•š toškalta•m     {verb I}     {set phrase} to be defamed, to be smeared, to be dragged through the mud
2.     to be crushed, to be trampled, to be run over
kugo•rnə̑što pij toška•ltə̑n     {sentence}     the dog was run over on the highway
3.     to be well-traveled (A.E.), to be well-travelled (B.E.), to be trodden (path, road)
kü•č́ə̑k ümə̑rə̑šte•m šu•ko ko•rno toška•ltə̑n     {sentence}     I have gone down many a road in my short life
4.     to become worn, to wear out (footwear)
jolč́ije•m toška•ltə̑n     {sentence}     the boots wore out
5.     {figuratively} to be destroyed, to be trampled down
keč́-moga•j βaštare•š βij toška•ltə̑n     {sentence}     all opposing might was destroyed
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// toška•lt pə̑te•m     {verb II}     {perfective} (see above)
portə̑ške•m toška•lt pə̑te•n     {sentence}     my felt boots wore out
--"PARENT"--> toške•m

◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌entry◌"◌>◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌lex◌"◌>◌◌to◌š◌kaltam◌<◌/◌div◌>◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌cl◌"◌>◌◌{◌verb◌◌I◌}◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌mean◌"◌>◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌num◌"◌>◌◌1◌.◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌tr◌"◌>◌◌to◌◌be◌◌trampled◌,◌◌to◌◌be◌◌trampled◌◌down◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌sub◌"◌>◌◌&◌#◌9◌◌8◌◌2◌◌6◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌mar◌"◌>◌š◌udo◌◌to◌š◌kalt◌ə̑◌n◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌cl◌"◌>◌◌{◌sentence◌}◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌tr◌"◌>◌◌the◌◌grass◌◌was◌◌trampled◌◌down◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌<◌/◌div◌>◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌sub◌"◌>◌◌&◌#◌9◌◌8◌◌3◌◌0◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌mar◌"◌>◌◌la◌βə̑◌ra◌š◌to◌š◌kaltam◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌cl◌"◌>◌◌{◌verb◌◌I◌}◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌tr◌"◌>◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌note◌"◌>◌◌{◌figuratively◌}◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌to◌◌be◌◌defamed◌,◌◌to◌◌be◌◌smeared◌,◌◌to◌◌be◌◌dragged◌◌through◌◌the◌◌mud◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌<◌/◌div◌>◌◌<◌/◌div◌>◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌mean◌"◌>◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌num◌"◌>◌◌2◌.◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌tr◌"◌>◌◌to◌◌be◌◌crushed◌,◌◌to◌◌be◌◌trampled◌,◌◌to◌◌be◌◌run◌◌over◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌sub◌"◌>◌◌&◌#◌9◌◌8◌◌2◌◌6◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌mar◌"◌>◌◌kugorn◌ə̑š◌to◌◌pij◌◌to◌š◌kalt◌ə̑◌n◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌cl◌"◌>◌◌{◌sentence◌}◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌tr◌"◌>◌◌the◌◌dog◌◌was◌◌run◌◌over◌◌on◌◌the◌◌highway◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌<◌/◌div◌>◌◌<◌/◌div◌>◌◌<◌div◌◌class◌=◌"◌mean◌"◌>◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌num◌"◌>◌◌3◌.◌◌<◌/◌span◌>◌◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌&◌nbsp◌;◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌tr◌"◌>◌◌<◌span◌◌class◌=◌"◌amer◌"◌>◌◌to◌◌be◌◌well◌-◌traveled◌◌/#chm">[Search forvo.com for pronunciation]





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Last update: 10 August 2023