tunema•m
{verb I} [Generate paradigm] 1. to learn, to acquire a skill
♦ se•rəʃte ija•ʃ ot tune•m {phrase} you can't learn to swim standing on the shore
♦ ija•ʃ tunema•m {verb I} to learn to swim
♦ luda•ʃ tunema•m {verb I} to learn to read
♦ skripka•m ʃokta•ʃ tunema•m {verb I} to learn to play the violin
♦ tyrla•ʃ tunema•m {verb I} to learn to embroider
2. to study, to be educated, to attend an educational institution
♦ βrat͡ɕla•n tunema•m {verb I} to study to be a doctor
♦ marla• tunema•m {verb I} to study in Mari
♦ tunema•ʃ kaje•m {verb II} to go somewhere to study
♦ tunema•ʃ kolte•m {verb II} to send somedody to school, to have somedody educated
♦ tunema•ʃ pure•m {verb II} to enter an educational institution
♦ ʃko•ləʃto tunema•m {verb I} to attend school
♦ uniβersite•təʃte tunema•m {verb I} to study at university
3. {transitive} to study
♦ mari•j jə•lməm tunema•m {verb I} to study Mari
♦ mexani•zməm tunema•m {verb I} to study a mechanism
♦ jurisprude•nt͡sijəm tunema•m {verb I} to study law
4. {transitive} to learn
♦ u mu•rəm tunema•m {verb I} to learn a new song
♦ pot͡ɕelamu•təm tunema•m {verb I} to learn a poem
♦ se•məm tunema•m {verb I} to learn a tune
5. to learn, to become wiser, to become more experienced
♦ titake•ʃ tuneməna• {phrase} we learn from mistakes
6. to get used to something, to become accustomed, to grow accustomed, to adapt oneself
♦ ikta•ʒ-mom əʃta•ʃ tunema•m {verb I} to grow used to doing something
♦ ikta•ʒ-moga•j priβət͡ɕkəla•n tunema•m {verb I} to pick up a habit
♢ ne•le paʃala•n tune•mən {sentence} (s)he became accustomed to hard work
♢ me uʒe• tunemənːa• {sentence} we're already used to it
♦ ki•dəʃ tunema•m {verb I} {set phrase} to be tamed, to become tame
♦ pət͡ɕke•məʃke tunema•m {verb I} to get used to the darkness
♦ tune•mːe se•mən {adverb} in a habitual manner, in a customary manner
♦ u βe•rəʃte ile•n tunema•m {verb I} to get used to living in a new place
♦ u i•ləʃ-kojəʃla•n tunema•m {verb I} to get used to a new way of life
7. to fall into a habit, to get into a habit
♦ my•jəm ko•t͡ɕmo det͡ɕ βara• jy•ʃtø βy•dəm jya•ʃ tunema•m {verb I} to get into the habit of drinking cold water after eating honey
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// tune•m ile•m {verb II} {imperfective} (see above)
♢ serge•j mosko•ʃto tune•m ila• {sentence} Sergey studies in Moscow
// tune•m lekta•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above); to finish (a school, a course)
// kədala•ʃ ʃko•ləm tune•m lekta•m {verb I} to finish secondary school
// tune•m nala•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
// t͡ɕatka•n pida•ʃ tune•m nala•m {verb I} to learn how to knit neatly
// tune•m pətare•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above); to finish (a school, a course)
// uniβersite•təm tune•m pətare•m {verb II} to graduate from a university
// tune•m ʃoge•m {verb II} {imperfective} (see above)
// moto•rən mutlana•ʃ tune•m ʃoge•m {verb II} to learn to speak eloquently
// tune•m ʃua•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
// u i•ləʃ de•ke tune•m ʃua•m {verb I} to get used to a new life
// tune•m ʃukte•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above); to finish one's studies
// mut͡ɕa•ʃ ma•rte tune•m ʃukte•m {verb II} to finish one's studies
// tune•m ʃu•ktədəmo {noun} half-educated person
