erte•m
{verb II} [Generate paradigm] 1. to pass, to pass by, to move by, to pass through, to move through, to go, to walk
♦ βuj ümba•č́ erte•m {verb II} to pass by overhead
♦ ko•rno de•ne erte•m {verb II} to pass by on a road
♦ kužu• ko•rnə̑m erte•m {verb II} to walk a long way
♦ lu me•ŋgə̑m erte•m {verb II} to walk ten kilometers
♦ moga•j-gə̑na•t ko•rnə̑m erte•m {verb II} {set phrase} to endure something, to go through something
♦ pasu• goč́ erte•m {verb II} to pass through a field
♦ pört βokte•č́ erte•m {verb II} to pass by a house
♦ tul-βüd βošt erte•m {verb II} {set phrase} to go through fire and water, to go to hell and back
♦ tul-βüd goč́ erte•m {verb II} {set phrase} to go to hell and back, to go through hell and high water
♦ umba•ke erte•m {verb II} to move onward
♦ ure•m mu•č́ko erte•m {verb II} to pass through a street, to go down a street
♦ erte•n kudala•m {verb I} to drive by
♦ erte•n kurža•m {verb I} to outrun
♦ erte•n oškə̑la•m {verb I} to walk past
2. to move, to spread, to pass, to pass by (wind, clouds, air, waves, sounds, bullets, ideas)
♢ pə̑l erta• {sentence} clouds pass by
♦ pua•l erte•m {verb II} to blow (wind)
3. {intransitive} to pass, to pass through, to cross, to penetrate
♦ tušma•nə̑n o•nč́ə̑l li•nijže goč́ erte•m {verb II} to penetrate the front line of the enemy
4. {transitive} to pass by, to leave something behind, to move beyond something
♦ i•kte-βe•sə̑m erta•š töč́e•m {verb II} to try to pass one another
♦ pö•rtə̑m erte•m {verb II} to pass by a house
♦ č́odə̑ra•m erte•m {verb II} to pass by a forest
5. {intransitive} to flow, to stretch, to extend
♢ ko•rno ku•rə̑k βokte•č́ erta• {sentence} the road stretches along the mountains
♦ šujna•lt erte•m {verb II} to stretch, to extend
♦ joge•n erte•m {verb II} to flow
6. to exceed, to be longer than, to be higher than, to be lower than
♢ eŋe•r βüd kə̑da•lə̑m erta• {sentence} the water in the river is higher than one's waist
7. to happen, to occur, to take place, to be held, to be carried out
♢ ti•de kum ij o•žno erte•n {sentence} this happened three years earlier
♢ sajlə̑ma•š erte•n {sentence} elections were held
8. {intransitive} to pass, to go by (time)
♢ žap erta• {sentence} time goes by, time passes by
♢ žap ne•lə̑n erta• {sentence} time drags on, time hangs heavy
♢ žap jö•sə̑n erta• {sentence} time drags on, time hangs heavy
♢ ik šaga•t e•rtə̑š {sentence} an hour passed
♢ kum šaga•tə̑m perə̑me•ke lu minu•t erte•n {sentence} it's ten after three
♢ kud šaga•t erte•n {sentence} six hours passed
♢ ko•lo ij erte•n {sentence} twenty years passed
♢ keŋe•ž e•rtə̑š {sentence} summer is over
♦ ida•lə̑k ertə̑me•ke {adverb} after a year, a year later
9. to pass, to end, to come to an end, to stop, to disappear
♢ sar erte•n {sentence} the war came to an end
♢ tüta•n erte•n {sentence} the storm passed
♢ jür erte•n {sentence} it stopped raining
♢ müškə̑re•m ko•rštə̑mo erte•n {sentence} my stomach stopped hurting
10. to cross, to pass, to exceed (an age, quantity)
♦ millio•nə̑m erte•m {verb II} to pass a million
11. to fall (precipitation)
♢ lum erte•n {sentence} it snowed
12. to study, to do, to take, to go through
♦ te•mə̑m erte•m {verb II} to study a topic
♦ pra•ktikə̑m erte•m {verb II} to undergo practical training
13. to undergo, to go through, to pass through, to be approved
♦ dopro•sə̑m erte•m {verb II} to undergo an examination
♦ komi•ssijə̑m erte•m {verb II} to pass through a commission
♦ ko•nkursə̑m erte•m {verb II} to pass through a competition
14. to get elected, to be elected
♦ prezide•ntə̑š erte•m {verb II} to get elected president
15. to live through, to endure, to survive, to overcome
♦ šu•ko jö•sə̑m erte•m {verb II} to live through many hardships
16. to arise, to appear (in one's mind), to go through one's mind, to be imagined
♦ u•šə̑što erte•m {verb II} to go through one's mind
17. {figuratively} to overtake, to surpass
♢ tu•do ške moto•rlə̑kšo de•ne č́ə̑la•štə̑m erte•n {sentence} (s)he surpasses all with his/her beauty
♦ reko•rdə̑m erte•m {verb II} to break a record
18. {in a converb construction} (marks motion by, past or through somewhere)
♦ ku•ržə̑n erte•m {verb II} to run by, to run past, to run through
♦ i•jə̑n erte•m {verb II} to swim by, to swim past, to swim through
♦ kuda•l erte•m {verb II} to drive by, to drive through, to drive past
♦ o•škə̑l erte•m {verb II} to walk past
♦ č́oŋešte•n erte•m {verb II} to fly by, to fly through, to fly past
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// erte•n kaje•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// ijgo•tə̑m erte•n kaje•m {verb II} to be ahead of one's times
// č́ə̑la• βuč́ə̑ma•šə̑m erte•n kaje•m {verb II} to exceed all expectations
// č́ə̑la• üšanə̑ma•šə̑m erte•n kaje•m {verb II} to exceed all expectations
// škem erte•n kaje•m {verb II} to surpass oneself
// erte•n kajə̑šə̑la• {adverb} in passing, on the way, en route
// erte•n koda•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ erte•n ko•dšə̑m ńimola•n šarna•š {sentence} there is no need to remember the past
// erte•n ko•dšo {adjective} past; remaining, left over
// erte•n kode•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ peš pi•sə̑n kurže•š, jolta•š-βla•kšə̑m erte•n ko•də̑š {sentence} (s)he's running very quickly and has left his/her friends behind
// erte•n košta•m {verb I} {imperfective} (see above)
♢ ti•de ure•m de•ne č́ü•č́kə̑də̑n erte•n ko•štə̑m {sentence} I often passed through this street
// erte•n šua•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
// pič́ č́odə̑ra•m erte•n šua•m {verb I} to pass through a deep forest
