Mari-English Dictionary
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Mari-English Dictionary

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Stress, Palatalness: ● Extra Characters (•, ') ○ Bold/Italics ○ Do Not Annotate
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA
Ordering: ● Alphabetical ○ Reverse
peŋgə̑dema•m
{verb I} [Generate paradigm]
1.     to harden, to become hard
ki•nde su•kə̑r peŋgə̑de•mə̑n     {sentence}     the loaf of bread has become hard
2.     to grow stronger, to become stronger
kapkə̑•lže peŋgə̑deme•š     {sentence}     his/her body is growing stronger
tazalə̑ke•m peŋgə̑deme•š     {sentence}     my health is improving
3.     {figuratively} to take form, to establish oneself
u jüla• peŋgə̑deme•š     {sentence}     a new tradition is establishing itself
4.     {figuratively} to be secured, to be consolidated, to be confirmed, to steady
tö•rtə̑k peŋgə̑de•mə̑n     {sentence}     the law was confirmed
ak peŋgə̑deme•š     {sentence}     prices are steadying
5.     to become more intense, to grow stronger
kə̑l peŋgə̑de•mə̑n     {sentence}     the relationship became stronger
6.     {warfare} to consolidate oneself, to establish defenses (A.E.), to establish defences (B.E.), to dig oneself in
salta•k tüška• č́oŋgata•šte peŋgə̑de•mə̑n     {sentence}     the group of soldiers established defenses on the hill
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// peŋgə̑de•m(ə̑n) tola•m     {verb I}     {imperfective} (see above)
kə̑l peŋgə̑de•m tole•š     {sentence}     the relationship is becoming stronger
// peŋgə̑de•m(ə̑n) šinč́a•m     {verb I}     {perfective} (see above)
ku•škə̑l ške βo•žšo de•ne mlande•š č́ot peŋgə̑de•m šinč́e•š     {sentence}     the plant is taking root firmly in the ground
// peŋgə̑de•m(ə̑n) šoge•m     {verb II}     {imperfective} (see above)
kok el kokla•šte kə̑l kuč́ə̑ma•š peŋgə̑de•m šoga•     {sentence}     the relationship between the two countries is intensifying
--"PARENT"--> pe•ŋgə̑de

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Last update: 10 August 2023