эрташ (-ем)
{verb II} [Generate paradigm] 1. to pass, to pass by, to move by, to pass through, to move through, to go, to walk
♦ вуй ӱмбач эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to pass by overhead
♦ корно дене эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to pass by on a road
♦ кужу корным эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to walk a long way
♦ лу меҥгым эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to walk ten kilometers
♦ могай-гынат корным эрташ (-ем) {verb II} {set phrase} to endure something, to go through something
♦ пасу гоч эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to pass through a field
♦ пӧрт воктеч эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to pass by a house
♦ тул-вӱд вошт эрташ (-ем) {verb II} {set phrase} to go through fire and water, to go to hell and back
♦ тул-вӱд гоч эрташ (-ем) {verb II} {set phrase} to go to hell and back, to go through hell and high water
♦ умбаке эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to move onward
♦ урем мучко эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to pass through a street, to go down a street
♦ эртен кудалаш (-ам) {verb I} to drive by
♦ эртен куржаш (-ам) {verb I} to outrun
♦ эртен ошкылаш (-ам) {verb I} to walk past
2. to move, to spread, to pass, to pass by (wind, clouds, air, waves, sounds, bullets, ideas)
♢ пыл эрта {sentence} clouds pass by
♦ пуал эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to blow (wind)
3. {intransitive} to pass, to pass through, to cross, to penetrate
♦ тушманын ончыл линийже гоч эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to penetrate the front line of the enemy
4. {transitive} to pass by, to leave something behind, to move beyond something
♦ икте-весым эрташ тӧчаш (-ем) {verb II} to try to pass one another
♦ пӧртым эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to pass by a house
♦ чодырам эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to pass by a forest
5. {intransitive} to flow, to stretch, to extend
♢ корно курык воктеч эрта {sentence} the road stretches along the mountains
♦ шуйналт эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to stretch, to extend
♦ йоген эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to flow
6. to exceed, to be longer than, to be higher than, to be lower than
♢ эҥер вӱд кыдалым эрта {sentence} the water in the river is higher than one's waist
7. to happen, to occur, to take place, to be held, to be carried out
♢ тиде кум ий ожно эртен {sentence} this happened three years earlier
♢ сайлымаш эртен {sentence} elections were held
8. {intransitive} to pass, to go by (time)
♢ жап эрта {sentence} time goes by, time passes by
♢ жап нелын эрта {sentence} time drags on, time hangs heavy
♢ жап йӧсын эрта {sentence} time drags on, time hangs heavy
♢ ик шагат эртыш {sentence} an hour passed
♢ кум шагатым перымеке лу минут эртен {sentence} it's ten after three
♢ куд шагат эртен {sentence} six hours passed
♢ коло ий эртен {sentence} twenty years passed
♢ кеҥеж эртыш {sentence} summer is over
♦ идалык эртымеке {adverb} after a year, a year later
9. to pass, to end, to come to an end, to stop, to disappear
♢ сар эртен {sentence} the war came to an end
♢ тӱтан эртен {sentence} the storm passed
♢ йӱр эртен {sentence} it stopped raining
♢ мӱшкырем корштымо эртен {sentence} my stomach stopped hurting
10. to cross, to pass, to exceed (an age, quantity)
♦ миллионым эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to pass a million
11. to fall (precipitation)
♢ лум эртен {sentence} it snowed
12. to study, to do, to take, to go through
♦ темым эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to study a topic
♦ практикым эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to undergo practical training
13. to undergo, to go through, to pass through, to be approved
♦ допросым эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to undergo an examination
♦ комиссийым эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to pass through a commission
♦ конкурсым эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to pass through a competition
14. to get elected, to be elected
♦ президентыш эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to get elected president
15. to live through, to endure, to survive, to overcome
♦ шуко йӧсым эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to live through many hardships
16. to arise, to appear (in one's mind), to go through one's mind, to be imagined
♦ ушышто эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to go through one's mind
17. {figuratively} to overtake, to surpass
♢ тудо шке моторлыкшо дене чылаштым эртен {sentence} (s)he surpasses all with his/her beauty
♦ рекордым эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to break a record
18. {in a converb construction} (marks motion by, past or through somewhere)
♦ куржын эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to run by, to run past, to run through
♦ ийын эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to swim by, to swim past, to swim through
♦ кудал эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to drive by, to drive through, to drive past
♦ ошкыл эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to walk past
♦ чоҥештен эрташ (-ем) {verb II} to fly by, to fly through, to fly past
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// эртен каяш (-ем) {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// ийготым эртен каяш (-ем) {verb II} to be ahead of one's times
// чыла вучымашым эртен каяш (-ем) {verb II} to exceed all expectations
// чыла ӱшанымашым эртен каяш (-ем) {verb II} to exceed all expectations
// шкем эртен каяш (-ем) {verb II} to surpass oneself
// эртен кайышыла {adverb} in passing, on the way, en route
// эртен кодаш (-ам) {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ эртен кодшым нимолан шарнаш {sentence} there is no need to remember the past
// эртен кодшо {adjective} past; remaining, left over
// эртен кодаш (-ем) {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ пеш писын куржеш, йолташ-влакшым эртен кодыш {sentence} (s)he's running very quickly and has left his/her friends behind
// эртен кошташ (-ам) {verb I} {imperfective} (see above)
♢ тиде урем дене чӱчкыдын эртен коштым {sentence} I often passed through this street
// эртен шуаш (-ам) {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
// пич чодырам эртен шуаш (-ам) {verb I} to pass through a deep forest
