toʃkalam
{verb I} {momentary} [Generate paradigm] 1. to step, to take a step, to stamp
♦ toʃkalaʃ βer uke {phrase} there's no room to move, there's no room to breathe
♦ iktør toʃkalam {verb I} to keep in step
♦ joŋələʃ toʃkalam {verb I} to stumble
♦ ont͡ɕək toʃkalam {verb I} to step forward; {set phrase} to make progress
♦ toʃkalaʃat erəkəm puaʃ ogəl {verb II – negative} {set phrase} not to let make a single step, not to let move a single move on one's own
♦ toʃkalme jeda {adverb} {set phrase} at every step, continually, everywhere
♦ ʃeŋgek toʃkalam {verb I} to step back
2. to tread upon, to tread on, to step on
♦ pələʃəm maska toʃkalən {phrase} (s)he is tone-deaf, (s)he has no ear for music
♦ iktaʒ-køn jolʒəm toʃkalam {verb I} to tread on someone's foot
♦ jol jəmak toʃkalam {verb I} to press under foot; {set phrase} to crush, to eliminate, to destroy; {set phrase} to scorn, to show complete disregard for
♦ pedaʎəm toʃkalam {verb I} to step on a pedal
♦ pot͡ɕ gət͡ɕ toʃkalam {verb I} {set phrase} to step on somebody's toes, to bring somebody down a peg
♦ pot͡ɕəm toʃkalam {verb I} {set phrase} to step on somebody's toes, to clip someone's wings
♦ tulʃolgəməm toʃkalam {verb I} to step on a smouldering piece of wood
3. to reach (an age)
♢ koləmʃo idaləkəʃ toʃkalən {sentence} (s)he is now nineteen
♦ kudlo ijəʃ toʃkalam {verb I} to reach one's sixtieth year, to become fifty-nine
4. to tread, to step into, to come into, to enter
♦ tora mlandəʃke toʃkalam {verb I} to enter foreign soil
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// toʃkal koltem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// kyβarəm roʃt toʃkal koltem {verb II} to stamp on the floor
// toʃkal ʃogalam {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
// pij pot͡ɕəm toʃkal ʃogalam {verb I} to step on a dog's tail
--"PARENT"--> toʃkem
