kudalam
{verb I} [Generate paradigm] 1. to run (on four or more legs)
♢ imńe kudaleš {sentence} the horse is running
♢ rə̑βə̑ž kudaleš {sentence} the fox is running
♦ törgen kudalam {verb I} to gallop
♦ jorten kudalam {verb I} to trot
2. to run off, to run away, to escape, to flee
♢ pij ala-kuš kudalə̑n {sentence} the dog ran off somewhere
♢ šinč́ə̑rlə̑me üškə̑ž, ala-kuze utlen, βüta gə̑č́ kudalə̑n {sentence} the bull somehow managed to free himself from his chain and escaped the pen
♦ kütü gə̑č́ kudalam {verb I} to run off from a herd
♦ lektə̑n kudalam {verb I} to flee, to run away
3. to crawl
♢ joč́a uže kudalə̑nat kerteš {sentence} the child can already crawl on all fours
♦ nə̑ljola kudalam {verb I} to crawl on all fours
4. to ride (on horseback, etc.)
♦ slon dene kudalam {verb I} to ride an elephant
♦ jaraimńə̑n kudalam {verb I} to ride on horseback
5. {intransitive} to drive (cars, trains, etc.)
♢ pojezd kudaleš {sentence} the train is going down the tracks
♢ korno dene mašina kudaleš {sentence} the car is driving down the road
6. to drive, to ride (a car, a bicycle, etc.)
♦ βelosiped dene kudalam {verb I} to ride a bicycle
♦ mašina dene kudalam {verb I} to drive a car
♦ orβa dene kudalam {verb I} to drive a cart
7. to depart, to leave (a bus, etc.)
♢ me βaraš kodə̑nna - aβtobus kudalə̑n {sentence} we were late, the bus had left
~ COPULATIVE CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
/ kudal βolem {verb II} (down)
/ izder dene kurə̑k gə̑č́ kudal βolem {verb II} to ride a sled down the hill
/ kudal küzem {verb II} (up)
/ trotuarə̑š kudal küzem {verb II} to run up to the pavement
/ kudal lektam {verb I} (away, out)
♢ meraŋ č́ašker gə̑č́ kudal lekte {sentence} the hare ran out of the thicket
♢ aβtomašina kapka gə̑č́ kudal lekte {sentence} the car drove out the gate
/ kudal mijem {verb II} (up to)
♢ pij ozaž deke kudal mijə̑š {sentence} the dog ran up to its master
♢ memnan klub deke oš mašina kudal mijə̑š {sentence} a white car drove up to our club
/ kudal purem {verb II} (into, in)
♢ šorə̑k βütaškə̑že kudal purə̑š {sentence} the sheep ran into its shed
/ kudal saβə̑rnem {verb II} (around)
/ urem muč́ko kudal saβə̑rnem {verb II} to ride up and down a street
/ kudal tolam {verb I} (towards)
/ Mosko gə̑č́ kudal tolam {verb I} to come from Moscow
/ kudal ertem {verb II} (through, by)
♢ eŋer goč́ olə̑k βokteč́ kudal ertə̑šna {sentence} we drove across the river, past the meadow
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// kudal koltem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ imńe pisə̑n kudal kolta {sentence} the horse ran off quickly
// kudal pə̑tem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ üdə̑ramašə̑n č́ə̑la joč́aže olaške kudal pə̑ten {sentence} all the woman's children went off to the city
