numalam
{verb I} [Generate paradigm] 1. to carry, to lug, to drag
♦ βač́e dene numalam {verb I} to carry on one's shoulders
♦ βes βerə̑š numalam {verb I} to bring to another place
♦ joč́am numal kondem {verb II} to lead a child by the hand
♦ kapə̑m numalam {verb I} {set phrase} to grow up, to become adult
♦ kə̑ltam numalam {verb I} to carry sheaves
♦ müškə̑rə̑m numalam {verb I} {set phrase} to become pregnant
♦ peledə̑šə̑m numalam {verb I} to carry flowers
♦ pelen numalam {verb I} to carry along
♦ saj otmetkə̑m βele numalam {verb I} {set phrase} to bring only good marks
♦ tagə̑na dene βüdə̑m numalam {verb I} {set phrase} to carry water in a sieve
♦ č́emodanə̑m numalam {verb I} to lug a suitcase
♦ škemə̑m pə̑kše numalam {verb I} {set phrase} to drag oneself along
♦ šokte dene βüdə̑m numalam {verb I} {set phrase} to carry water in a sieve
♦ šümə̑štö küm numalam {verb I} {set phrase} to bear a grudge
♦ jašlə̑kə̑m numalam {verb I} to carry a box
2. to wear (clothing, glasses, beard)
♦ šinč́alə̑kə̑m numalam {verb I} to wear glasses
3. {figuratively} to feel, to experience, to bear (sadness, joy, anger, etc.)
♦ βə̑goβorə̑m numalam {verb I} to get a dressing-down
♦ kuanə̑m numalam {verb I} to feel joy
4. {figuratively} to bear, to endure, to stand
♦ šümžö ok numal {phrase} his/her heart is not in it; (s)he can't take it, it's too much for him/her
♢ jösə̑m numalə̑nə̑t {sentence} they endured difficulties
♦ ilə̑šə̑m numalam {verb I} {set phrase} to support life
♦ jüštö-šokšə̑m numalam {verb I} to endure ups and downs, to endure hardships
♦ nelə̑lə̑kə̑m numalam {verb I} to endure hardships
♦ ojgə̑m numalam {verb I} to endure grief
5. {figuratively} to carry out, to perform, to do (duties, tasks)
♦ ə̑štə̑šašlə̑kə̑m numalam {verb I} to perform duties
6. {figuratively} to carry, to bear (a name), to be called
♢ Marij kalə̑k teatr M. Šketanə̑n lümžə̑m numaleš {sentence} the Mari National Theater bears the name of M. Shketan
7. to bear, to hold, to be stable
♢ ij numaleš {sentence} the ice will hold
8. {figuratively} to steal, to pinch, to pilfer, to filch
♢ južə̑št paša βer gə̑č́ tüška pogə̑m möŋgə̑škə̑št numalə̑t {sentence} some people like to pinch common property at work and take it home
♦ klat gə̑č́ numalam {verb I} to steal from the storehouse
9. {figuratively} to live through, to live
♢ tə̑nar ijə̑m numalmek, tudo ə̑nde č́ə̑la pala {sentence} having lived so many years, (s)he now knows everything
~ COPULATIVE CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
/ numal luktam {verb I} (away)
/ kolə̑šə̑m numal luktam {verb I} to carry out a dead body
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// numal kodem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// βüdə̑m monč́aš numal kodem {verb II} to carry water into the sauna
// numal koštam {verb I} {imperfective} (see above)
// joč́am kidə̑šte numal koštam {verb I} to carry a child in one's arms
// numal pə̑tarem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// saj knigam numal pə̑tarem {verb II} to pilfer some good books
// numal šogem {verb II} {imperfective} (see above)
♢ küeštme melnam numal šogat {sentence} baked pancakes are carried away
// numal šə̑ndem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// monč́aš βüdə̑m numal šə̑ndem {verb II} to carry water into the sauna
