toškalam
{verb I} {momentary} [Generate paradigm] 1. to step, to take a step, to stamp
♦ toškalaš βer uke {phrase} there's no room to move, there's no room to breathe
♦ iktör toškalam {verb I} to keep in step
♦ joŋə̑lə̑š toškalam {verb I} to stumble
♦ onč́ə̑k toškalam {verb I} to step forward; {set phrase} to make progress
♦ toškalašat erə̑kə̑m puaš ogə̑l {verb II – negative} {set phrase} not to let make a single step, not to let move a single move on one's own
♦ toškalme jeda {adverb} {set phrase} at every step, continually, everywhere
♦ šeŋgek toškalam {verb I} to step back
2. to tread upon, to tread on, to step on
♦ pə̑lə̑šə̑m maska toškalə̑n {phrase} (s)he is tone-deaf, (s)he has no ear for music
♦ iktaž-kön jolžə̑m toškalam {verb I} to tread on someone's foot
♦ jol jə̑mak toškalam {verb I} to press under foot; {set phrase} to crush, to eliminate, to destroy; {set phrase} to scorn, to show complete disregard for
♦ pedal'ə̑m toškalam {verb I} to step on a pedal
♦ poč́ gə̑č́ toškalam {verb I} {set phrase} to step on somebody's toes, to bring somebody down a peg
♦ poč́ə̑m toškalam {verb I} {set phrase} to step on somebody's toes, to clip someone's wings
♦ tulšolgə̑mə̑m toškalam {verb I} to step on a smouldering piece of wood
3. to reach (an age)
♢ kolə̑mšo idalə̑kə̑š toškalə̑n {sentence} (s)he is now nineteen
♦ kudlo ijə̑š toškalam {verb I} to reach one's sixtieth year, to become fifty-nine
4. to tread, to step into, to come into, to enter
♦ tora mlandə̑ške toškalam {verb I} to enter foreign soil
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// toškal koltem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// küβarə̑m rošt toškal koltem {verb II} to stamp on the floor
// toškal šogalam {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
// pij poč́ə̑m toškal šogalam {verb I} to step on a dog's tail
--"PARENT"--> toškem
