kudalam
{verb I} [Generate paradigm] 1. to run (on four or more legs)
♢ imɲe kudaleʃ {sentence} the horse is running
♢ rəβəʒ kudaleʃ {sentence} the fox is running
♦ tørgen kudalam {verb I} to gallop
♦ jorten kudalam {verb I} to trot
2. to run off, to run away, to escape, to flee
♢ pij ala-kuʃ kudalən {sentence} the dog ran off somewhere
♢ ʃint͡ɕərləme yʃkəʒ, ala-kuze utlen, βyta gət͡ɕ kudalən {sentence} the bull somehow managed to free himself from his chain and escaped the pen
♦ kyty gət͡ɕ kudalam {verb I} to run off from a herd
♦ lektən kudalam {verb I} to flee, to run away
3. to crawl
♢ jot͡ɕa uʒe kudalənat kerteʃ {sentence} the child can already crawl on all fours
♦ nəljola kudalam {verb I} to crawl on all fours
4. to ride (on horseback, etc.)
♦ slon dene kudalam {verb I} to ride an elephant
♦ jaraimɲən kudalam {verb I} to ride on horseback
5. {intransitive} to drive (cars, trains, etc.)
♢ pojezd kudaleʃ {sentence} the train is going down the tracks
♢ korno dene maʃina kudaleʃ {sentence} the car is driving down the road
6. to drive, to ride (a car, a bicycle, etc.)
♦ βelosiped dene kudalam {verb I} to ride a bicycle
♦ maʃina dene kudalam {verb I} to drive a car
♦ orβa dene kudalam {verb I} to drive a cart
7. to depart, to leave (a bus, etc.)
♢ me βaraʃ kodənːa - aβtobus kudalən {sentence} we were late, the bus had left
~ COPULATIVE CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
/ kudal βolem {verb II} (down)
/ izder dene kurək gət͡ɕ kudal βolem {verb II} to ride a sled down the hill
/ kudal kyzem {verb II} (up)
/ trotuarəʃ kudal kyzem {verb II} to run up to the pavement
/ kudal lektam {verb I} (away, out)
♢ meraŋ t͡ɕaʃker gət͡ɕ kudal lekte {sentence} the hare ran out of the thicket
♢ aβtomaʃina kapka gət͡ɕ kudal lekte {sentence} the car drove out the gate
/ kudal mijem {verb II} (up to)
♢ pij ozaʒ deke kudal mijəʃ {sentence} the dog ran up to its master
♢ memnan klub deke oʃ maʃina kudal mijəʃ {sentence} a white car drove up to our club
/ kudal purem {verb II} (into, in)
♢ ʃorək βytaʃkəʒe kudal purəʃ {sentence} the sheep ran into its shed
/ kudal saβərnem {verb II} (around)
/ urem mut͡ɕko kudal saβərnem {verb II} to ride up and down a street
/ kudal tolam {verb I} (towards)
/ mosko gət͡ɕ kudal tolam {verb I} to come from Moscow
/ kudal ertem {verb II} (through, by)
♢ eŋer got͡ɕ olək βoktet͡ɕ kudal ertəʃna {sentence} we drove across the river, past the meadow
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// kudal koltem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ imɲe pisən kudal kolta {sentence} the horse ran off quickly
// kudal pətem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ ydəramaʃən t͡ɕəla jot͡ɕaʒe olaʃke kudal pəten {sentence} all the woman's children went off to the city
