Mari-English Dictionary

punaltam

1. {intransitive} to curl up, to coil up

♢ kerem punalteʃ {sentence} the rope is coiling up

2. to become entwined, to become tangled up

♦ pytəraltəʃːudo dene punaltam {verb I} to become entwined with bindweed

3. {figuratively} to whirl, to spiral up (e.g., smoke)

♢ ʃikʃ punalteʃ {sentence} the smoke is spiraling up

4. {figuratively} to wind, to meander (e.g., a road)

♢ korno punalteʃ {sentence} the road meanders

5. {figuratively} to get mixed up, to get muddled up, to get confused

♢ tudən βujəʃtəʒo t͡ɕəla ʃonəmaʃəʒe punaltən {sentence} all his/her thoughts were muddled

~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~

// punalt(ən) βozam {verb I} {perfective} (see above)

♢ korno punalt βozən {sentence} the road meandered

// punalt(ən) kodam {verb I} {perfective} (see above)

♢ ʃikʃ punalt kodo {sentence} the smoke spiraled up

// punalt(ən) pətem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)

♢ ypʃø punalt pəten {sentence} his/her hair got tangled up

--"PARENT"--> punem

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The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The Mari-English Dictionary was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): P22786-G20.
Last update: 10 August 2023

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