lija•m
{verb I} [Generate paradigm] 1. to be (used esp. in reference to past and future)
♢ tu•do ola•šte li•jə̑n {sentence} (s)he was in town
♢ tə̑ga•k lija•š küle•š {sentence} that's the way it must be
♢ li•jə̑n kerte•š, tu•do č́ə̑n {sentence} it could be that (s)he is right
♢ li•jə̑n kerte•š, tuge• {sentence} it's possible, yes
♢ lu•što βi•zə̑t kok gana• lije•š {sentence} ten divided by five is two
♢ me ku•mə̑tə̑n lijə̑nna• {sentence} there were three of us
♢ ti•de kö li•jə̑n kerte•š {sentence} who can that be
♢ ti•de li•jə̑n kertša•š {sentence} that's quite probable, the probability is high
♢ ti•de li•jə̑n ok kert {sentence} this is out of the question
♢ tu•što lijə̑na•! {sentence} we will be there!
♢ tə̑ga•je li•jə̑n ok kert! {sentence} that cannot be!, that isn't possible!
♢ tu•do mə̑lane•m koka•j lije•š {sentence} she is my aunt
♦ βija•n li•jže! {phrase} long live (...)
♦ po•ro li•jza {phrase} could you please, would you be so kind
♦ taza• lij! {phrase} cheers, to your health; goodbye!, all the best!; bless you!, gesundheit!
♦ tau• li•jže! {phrase} thank you!
♦ βokte•ne lija•m {verb I} to be close to something
♦ ik šaga•tə̑šte ja•mde lija•m {verb I} to be done in an hour
♦ ikta•ž-mo deč́ posna• lija•m {verb I} to go without something
♦ ko•rnə̑što lija•m {verb I} to be on someone's way
♦ kugu• oksa•n lija•m {verb I} to have a lot of money, to be rolling in money
♦ lije•š gə̑n {adverb} if possible
♦ li•jže ma•nə̑n {adverb} {set phrase} properly, as it should be done
♦ li•jže ma•nə̑n ə̑šte•m {verb II} {set phrase} to do something properly, to do something as it should be done, to give one's best
♦ li•jə̑n ke•rtdə̑me {adjective} impossible
♦ li•jə̑n ke•rtdə̑me sobə̑•tij {noun} impossible event
♦ li•jə̑n kertma•š {noun} possibility
♦ li•jə̑n kertša•š {adjective} probable
♦ li•jə̑n kertša•šlə̑k {noun} probability
♦ li•jə̑n kertša•šə̑n {adverb} possibly
♦ li•jə̑n ke•rtše {adjective} possible, likely, probable
♦ li•jə̑n kertšə̑la•n šotle•m {verb II} to consider something possible, to consider something probable
♦ li•jə̑n kertšə̑la•n šotla•š o•gə̑l {verb II – negative} not to consider something probable, to consider something improbable
♦ lija•š o•gə̑l {verb I – negative} to be absent
♦ o•tpuskə̑što lija•m {verb I} to be on vacation
♦ paša•šte lija•m {verb I} to be at work
♦ fro•ntə̑što lija•m {verb I} to be at the front
♦ saj βe•rə̑šte lija•m {verb I} to be in the proper place
♦ tüńamba•l znač́eija•n lija•m {verb I} to be of global importance, to carry global importance
♦ tə̑•šte šue•n lija•m {verb I} to put in an appearance rarely
♦ ško•lə̑što lija•š o•gə̑l {verb I – negative} to be absent from school
♦ šu•ko oksa•n lija•m {verb I} to have a lot of money, to be rolling in money
2. to become, to turn into
♢ rβe•ze-βlak saj jolta•š li•jə̑nə̑t {sentence} the boys became good friends
♢ šo•kšo li•je {sentence} it became warm
♢ tə̑j mo lijə̑na•t? {sentence} what's up with you?, what is the matter with you?
♦ kosmona•βt lija•m {verb I} to become a cosmonaut
♦ kugu• lija•m {verb I} to become an adult, to grow up
♦ ne•le lija•m {verb I} to become difficult
♦ taŋ lija•m {verb I} to become friends
♦ tu•nə̑ktə̑šo lija•m {verb I} to become a teacher
♦ šü•kšö lija•m {verb I} to wear out
3. to happen, to occur
♢ li•jə̑n kerte•š {sentence} it can happen
♢ ńima•t li•jə̑n o•gə̑l {sentence} nothing happened
♢ južguna•m lije•š {sentence} it occurs from time to time
♢ ə̑•nde mo lije•š? {sentence} what will happen now?
♢ č́ə̑la• βuč́ə̑me•m se•mə̑n li•jə̑n {sentence} everything happened as I expected it
♢ č́ə̑la• βuč́ə̑me•m poč́e•š li•jə̑n {sentence} everything happened as I expected it
♢ ti•de teŋge•č́e li•jə̑n {sentence} this happened yesterday
♢ tenda•n kokla•šte ńimo• li•jə̑n o•gə̑l {sentence} nothing happened between you
♢ mə̑j denema•t tə̑ga•j li•jə̑n {sentence} that happened to me too
♢ mo li•jə̑n? {sentence} what happened?
♢ memna•n de•ne mo lije•š? {sentence} what will happen with us?
♢ ku•štə̑lgə̑n li•jə̑n kerte•š {sentence} it's quite possible
♢ kokla•n lije•š {sentence} it happens from time to time
♢ ža•pə̑n-ža•pə̑n lije•š {sentence} to happen from time to time
♦ lije•š, mo lije•š {phrase} whatever will be, will be
♦ li•jže mo lije•š {phrase} come what may
♦ pu•jto ńimo• li•jə̑n o•gə̑l {adjective} as if nothing had happened
4. to be possible, to be allowed, to be permitted
♢ ok lij {sentence} one cannot, one may not
♢ mə̑la•m ne•lə̑m numala•š oge•š lij {sentence} I cannot carry heavy things
♢ lije•š gə̑n? {sentence} is it possible?, may one?
♢ lije•š gə̑na•t, om kaj {sentence} although I could go, I won't
♢ pura•š lije•š {sentence} one can come in
♢ joda•š lije•š mo? {sentence} can I ask a question?
♢ kalasa•š lije•š mo? {sentence} may I make a remark?
♢ ńimo•m ə̑šta•š ok lij {sentence} there's nothing one can do
♢ palemda•š lije•š mo? {sentence} may I make a remark?
♢ tə̑•šte šupša•š lije•š mo? {sentence} can one smoke here?
♦ kuze• lija•š {phrase} what is to be done?
♦ lije•š gə̑n {adverb} if possible
5. to take place, to be held
♢ ta•č́e pogə̑nə̑ma•š lije•š {sentence} a meeting will be held today
♢ pogə̑nə̑ma•š li•je {sentence} a meeting took place
6. to turn out, to come out to be
♢ pal'to• a•ŋə̑sə̑r li•jə̑n {sentence} the coat turned out to be too tight
♦ č́ə̑n lija•m {verb I} to turn out to be true
7. to find oneself somewhere, to come to be somewhere, to end up somewhere
♢ mə̑•jže kuze• gala• Moskβa•šte li•jə̑m? {sentence} how did I end up in Moscow?
8. to remain, to stay somewhere
♢ č́ə̑la• pasue•šak li•jə̑n {sentence} everything stayed right on the field
9. to turn out well, to work out well, to succeed
♢ č́ə̑la• sa•jə̑n li•je {sentence} everything worked out
10. to form, to emerge, to arise, to come about
♢ tə̑ge• memna•n institu•t li•je {sentence} this is how our institute came about
11. to disappear somewhere, to vanish somewhere
♢ šinč́alə̑ke•m ala•-ku•ško li•je {sentence} my glasses vanished somewhere
12. to start, to begin (a time, status, activity)
♢ jüd li•je {sentence} night fell
13. to be found
♢ mə̑lanema•t paša• li•je {sentence} work was found for me too
14. to be born (cows, sheep)
♢ šo•rə̑k li•jə̑n {sentence} a sheep was born
♢ uška•l li•jə̑n {sentence} a cow was born
15. to ripen, to mature
♢ šu•rno li•jə̑n {sentence} the grain matured
16. to be ready, to be done (e.g., an oven, a sauna)
♢ koŋga• li•jə̑n {sentence} the oven is ready, the oven is heated
♢ monč́a• li•jə̑n {sentence} the sauna is ready
17. to tinker with something, to mess with something, to work around with something, to play around with something
♢ pə̑rə̑se•t den it lij, paša•m ə̑•šte {sentence} don't play around with your cat, work
18. to decide to do something, to promise to do something
♢ mija•š li•jə̑n {sentence} (s)he promised to go, (s)he decided to go
♢ tu•do tola•š li•je {sentence} (s)he promised to come
19. (in combination with active and negative participle) to pretend, to feign
♢ ka•jə̑še lija•m {sentence} I'll pretend that I'm going
♦ rušla• mo•štə̑də̑mo lija•m {verb I} to pretend not to know Russian
20. {in a converb construction} (denotes the start of an activity, coupled with transitive and intransitive verbs)
♦ šarne•n lija•m {verb I} to memorize
♦ šinč́e•n lija•m {verb I} to remember, to bear in mind
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// li•jə̑n βoza•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ joltaše•m pa•lə̑də̑me gaj li•jə̑n βo•zo {sentence} my friend changed completely
// li•jə̑n kaje•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ mo li•jə̑n ka•jə̑š? {sentence} what happened?
// li•jə̑n koda•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ tidde•č́ posna• en saj šonə̑maša•t šonə̑ma•šak βe•le li•jə̑n kode•š {sentence} without this, the best intentions will just remain intentions
// li•jə̑n kudalte•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// ö•rtkə̑šö gaj li•jə̑n kudalte•m {verb II} to have a sudden fright
// li•jə̑n kolte•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above); (used in combination with descriptive words)
// akmu•k li•jə̑n kolte•m {verb II} to get confused, to stop short
// tə̑•rə̑n-tü•rə̑n li•jə̑n kolte•m {verb II} to sway, to totter, to stagger
// č́urk li•jə̑n kolte•m {verb II} to wince, to flinch, to start
// li•jə̑n lekta•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ βič́ ij tunemme•ke tu•nə̑ktə̑šo li•jə̑n lekta•t {sentence} after studying for five years you will become a teacher
// li•jə̑n onč́e•m {verb II} {momentary} (see above)
♢ tu•nə̑ktə̑šo li•jə̑n onč́ena•m {sentence} I was a teacher for a while
// li•jə̑n pə̑te•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ jö•ršə̑n laβə̑ra•n li•jə̑n pə̑tena•m {sentence} I was covered in mud
// li•jə̑n šinč́a•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ te tə̑•šte b'urokra•t li•jə̑n ši•nč́ə̑n ulə̑da•! {sentence} you have become bureaucrats here!
// li•jə̑n šogala•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ tu•do tu•što keneta• li•jə̑n šoga•lə̑n {sentence} (s)he suddenly appeared there
// li•jə̑n šoge•m {verb II} {imperfective} (see above)
♢ ja•lə̑šte mo gə̑na• li•jə̑n ok šo•go {sentence} all kinds of things happen in the village
// li•jə̑n šua•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ kə̑rtme•n ə̑štə̑me•ke gə̑na• lektə̑ša•n paša• li•jə̑n šue•š {sentence} only after exerting yourself will your work show good results
// li•jə̑n šukte•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// pa•lə̑me jeŋ li•jə̑n šukte•m {verb II} to become a celebrity
