lija•m
{verb I} [Generate paradigm] 1. to be (used esp. in reference to past and future)
♢ tu•do ola•ʃte li•jən {sentence} (s)he was in town
♢ təga•k lija•ʃ kyle•ʃ {sentence} that's the way it must be
♢ li•jən kerte•ʃ, tu•do t͡ɕən {sentence} it could be that (s)he is right
♢ li•jən kerte•ʃ, tuge• {sentence} it's possible, yes
♢ lu•ʃto βi•zət kok gana• lije•ʃ {sentence} ten divided by five is two
♢ me ku•mətən lijənːa• {sentence} there were three of us
♢ ti•de kø li•jən kerte•ʃ {sentence} who can that be
♢ ti•de li•jən kertʃa•ʃ {sentence} that's quite probable, the probability is high
♢ ti•de li•jən ok kert {sentence} this is out of the question
♢ tu•ʃto lijəna•! {sentence} we will be there!
♢ təga•je li•jən ok kert! {sentence} that cannot be!, that isn't possible!
♢ tu•do məlane•m koka•j lije•ʃ {sentence} she is my aunt
♦ βija•n li•jʒe! {phrase} long live (...)
♦ po•ro li•jza {phrase} could you please, would you be so kind
♦ taza• lij! {phrase} cheers, to your health; goodbye!, all the best!; bless you!, gesundheit!
♦ tau• li•jʒe! {phrase} thank you!
♦ βokte•ne lija•m {verb I} to be close to something
♦ ik ʃaga•təʃte ja•mde lija•m {verb I} to be done in an hour
♦ ikta•ʒ-mo det͡ɕ posna• lija•m {verb I} to go without something
♦ ko•rnəʃto lija•m {verb I} to be on someone's way
♦ kugu• oksa•n lija•m {verb I} to have a lot of money, to be rolling in money
♦ lije•ʃ gən {adverb} if possible
♦ li•jʒe ma•nən {adverb} {set phrase} properly, as it should be done
♦ li•jʒe ma•nən əʃte•m {verb II} {set phrase} to do something properly, to do something as it should be done, to give one's best
♦ li•jən ke•rtdəme {adjective} impossible
♦ li•jən ke•rtdəme sobə•tij {noun} impossible event
♦ li•jən kertma•ʃ {noun} possibility
♦ li•jən kertʃa•ʃ {adjective} probable
♦ li•jən kertʃa•ʃlək {noun} probability
♦ li•jən kertʃa•ʃən {adverb} possibly
♦ li•jən ke•rtʃe {adjective} possible, likely, probable
♦ li•jən kertʃəla•n ʃotle•m {verb II} to consider something possible, to consider something probable
♦ li•jən kertʃəla•n ʃotla•ʃ o•gəl {verb II – negative} not to consider something probable, to consider something improbable
♦ lija•ʃ o•gəl {verb I – negative} to be absent
♦ o•tpuskəʃto lija•m {verb I} to be on vacation
♦ paʃa•ʃte lija•m {verb I} to be at work
♦ fro•ntəʃto lija•m {verb I} to be at the front
♦ saj βe•rəʃte lija•m {verb I} to be in the proper place
♦ tyɲamba•l znat͡ɕeija•n lija•m {verb I} to be of global importance, to carry global importance
♦ tə•ʃte ʃue•n lija•m {verb I} to put in an appearance rarely
♦ ʃko•ləʃto lija•ʃ o•gəl {verb I – negative} to be absent from school
♦ ʃu•ko oksa•n lija•m {verb I} to have a lot of money, to be rolling in money
2. to become, to turn into
♢ rβe•ze-βlak saj jolta•ʃ li•jənət {sentence} the boys became good friends
♢ ʃo•kʃo li•je {sentence} it became warm
♢ təj mo lijəna•t? {sentence} what's up with you?, what is the matter with you?
♦ kosmona•βt lija•m {verb I} to become a cosmonaut
♦ kugu• lija•m {verb I} to become an adult, to grow up
♦ ne•le lija•m {verb I} to become difficult
♦ taŋ lija•m {verb I} to become friends
♦ tu•nəktəʃo lija•m {verb I} to become a teacher
♦ ʃy•kʃø lija•m {verb I} to wear out
3. to happen, to occur
♢ li•jən kerte•ʃ {sentence} it can happen
♢ ɲima•t li•jən o•gəl {sentence} nothing happened
♢ juʒguna•m lije•ʃ {sentence} it occurs from time to time
♢ ə•nde mo lije•ʃ? {sentence} what will happen now?
♢ t͡ɕəla• βut͡ɕəme•m se•mən li•jən {sentence} everything happened as I expected it
♢ t͡ɕəla• βut͡ɕəme•m pot͡ɕe•ʃ li•jən {sentence} everything happened as I expected it
♢ ti•de teŋge•t͡ɕe li•jən {sentence} this happened yesterday
♢ tenda•n kokla•ʃte ɲimo• li•jən o•gəl {sentence} nothing happened between you
♢ məj denema•t təga•j li•jən {sentence} that happened to me too
♢ mo li•jən? {sentence} what happened?
♢ memna•n de•ne mo lije•ʃ? {sentence} what will happen with us?
♢ ku•ʃtəlgən li•jən kerte•ʃ {sentence} it's quite possible
♢ kokla•n lije•ʃ {sentence} it happens from time to time
♢ ʒa•pən-ʒa•pən lije•ʃ {sentence} to happen from time to time
♦ lije•ʃ, mo lije•ʃ {phrase} whatever will be, will be
♦ li•jʒe mo lije•ʃ {phrase} come what may
♦ pu•jto ɲimo• li•jən o•gəl {adjective} as if nothing had happened
4. to be possible, to be allowed, to be permitted
♢ ok lij {sentence} one cannot, one may not
♢ məla•m ne•ləm numala•ʃ oge•ʃ lij {sentence} I cannot carry heavy things
♢ lije•ʃ gən? {sentence} is it possible?, may one?
♢ lije•ʃ gəna•t, om kaj {sentence} although I could go, I won't
♢ pura•ʃ lije•ʃ {sentence} one can come in
♢ joda•ʃ lije•ʃ mo? {sentence} can I ask a question?
♢ kalasa•ʃ lije•ʃ mo? {sentence} may I make a remark?
♢ ɲimo•m əʃta•ʃ ok lij {sentence} there's nothing one can do
♢ palemda•ʃ lije•ʃ mo? {sentence} may I make a remark?
♢ tə•ʃte ʃupʃa•ʃ lije•ʃ mo? {sentence} can one smoke here?
♦ kuze• lija•ʃ {phrase} what is to be done?
♦ lije•ʃ gən {adverb} if possible
5. to take place, to be held
♢ ta•t͡ɕe pogənəma•ʃ lije•ʃ {sentence} a meeting will be held today
♢ pogənəma•ʃ li•je {sentence} a meeting took place
6. to turn out, to come out to be
♢ paʎto• a•ŋəsər li•jən {sentence} the coat turned out to be too tight
♦ t͡ɕən lija•m {verb I} to turn out to be true
7. to find oneself somewhere, to come to be somewhere, to end up somewhere
♢ mə•jʒe kuze• gala• moskβa•ʃte li•jəm? {sentence} how did I end up in Moscow?
8. to remain, to stay somewhere
♢ t͡ɕəla• pasue•ʃak li•jən {sentence} everything stayed right on the field
9. to turn out well, to work out well, to succeed
♢ t͡ɕəla• sa•jən li•je {sentence} everything worked out
10. to form, to emerge, to arise, to come about
♢ təge• memna•n institu•t li•je {sentence} this is how our institute came about
11. to disappear somewhere, to vanish somewhere
♢ ʃint͡ɕaləke•m ala•-ku•ʃko li•je {sentence} my glasses vanished somewhere
12. to start, to begin (a time, status, activity)
♢ jyd li•je {sentence} night fell
13. to be found
♢ məlanema•t paʃa• li•je {sentence} work was found for me too
14. to be born (cows, sheep)
♢ ʃo•rək li•jən {sentence} a sheep was born
♢ uʃka•l li•jən {sentence} a cow was born
15. to ripen, to mature
♢ ʃu•rno li•jən {sentence} the grain matured
16. to be ready, to be done (e.g., an oven, a sauna)
♢ koŋga• li•jən {sentence} the oven is ready, the oven is heated
♢ mont͡ɕa• li•jən {sentence} the sauna is ready
17. to tinker with something, to mess with something, to work around with something, to play around with something
♢ pərəse•t den it lij, paʃa•m ə•ʃte {sentence} don't play around with your cat, work
18. to decide to do something, to promise to do something
♢ mija•ʃ li•jən {sentence} (s)he promised to go, (s)he decided to go
♢ tu•do tola•ʃ li•je {sentence} (s)he promised to come
19. (in combination with active and negative participle) to pretend, to feign
♢ ka•jəʃe lija•m {sentence} I'll pretend that I'm going
♦ ruʃla• mo•ʃtədəmo lija•m {verb I} to pretend not to know Russian
20. {in a converb construction} (denotes the start of an activity, coupled with transitive and intransitive verbs)
♦ ʃarne•n lija•m {verb I} to memorize
♦ ʃint͡ɕe•n lija•m {verb I} to remember, to bear in mind
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// li•jən βoza•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ joltaʃe•m pa•lədəme gaj li•jən βo•zo {sentence} my friend changed completely
// li•jən kaje•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ mo li•jən ka•jəʃ? {sentence} what happened?
// li•jən koda•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ tidːe•t͡ɕ posna• en saj ʃonəmaʃa•t ʃonəma•ʃak βe•le li•jən kode•ʃ {sentence} without this, the best intentions will just remain intentions
// li•jən kudalte•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// ø•rtkəʃø gaj li•jən kudalte•m {verb II} to have a sudden fright
// li•jən kolte•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above); (used in combination with descriptive words)
// akmu•k li•jən kolte•m {verb II} to get confused, to stop short
// tə•rən-ty•rən li•jən kolte•m {verb II} to sway, to totter, to stagger
// t͡ɕurk li•jən kolte•m {verb II} to wince, to flinch, to start
// li•jən lekta•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ βit͡ɕ ij tunemːe•ke tu•nəktəʃo li•jən lekta•t {sentence} after studying for five years you will become a teacher
// li•jən ont͡ɕe•m {verb II} {momentary} (see above)
♢ tu•nəktəʃo li•jən ont͡ɕena•m {sentence} I was a teacher for a while
// li•jən pəte•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ jø•rʃən laβəra•n li•jən pətena•m {sentence} I was covered in mud
// li•jən ʃint͡ɕa•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ te tə•ʃte bʲurokra•t li•jən ʃi•nt͡ɕən uləda•! {sentence} you have become bureaucrats here!
// li•jən ʃogala•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ tu•do tu•ʃto keneta• li•jən ʃoga•lən {sentence} (s)he suddenly appeared there
// li•jən ʃoge•m {verb II} {imperfective} (see above)
♢ ja•ləʃte mo gəna• li•jən ok ʃo•go {sentence} all kinds of things happen in the village
// li•jən ʃua•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ kərtme•n əʃtəme•ke gəna• lektəʃa•n paʃa• li•jən ʃue•ʃ {sentence} only after exerting yourself will your work show good results
// li•jən ʃukte•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// pa•ləme jeŋ li•jən ʃukte•m {verb II} to become a celebrity
