tolam
{verb I} [Generate paradigm] 1. to come, to arrive
♢ una-βlak tolə̑t {sentence} the guests are coming
♢ tak šinč́en oksa ok tol {sentence} money won't come if you sit around doing nothing
♢ šə̑rč́ə̑k-βlak tolə̑nə̑t {sentence} the starlings have arrived
♢ tolə̑nna! {sentence} we have arrived!, we're here!
♢ tok ok tol {sentence} the current isn't flowing, there's no current
♢ tele toleš {sentence} winter is coming
♢ keŋež tol'o {sentence} summer has arrived, summer is here
♢ ludo tür deke toleš {sentence} the ducks swim up to the shore
♢ imńeške toleš {sentence} a horseman is coming
♢ una pörtə̑š toleš {sentence} the guests come to the house
♢ serə̑š tolə̑n {sentence} the letter came
♦ βujžə̑lan tolšaš! {phrase} a plague on him/her!
♦ βujetlan tolam! {phrase} damn you!
♦ kid-jolžo toleš {phrase} (s)he's a jack of all trades
♦ kidše toleš {phrase} (s)he's a jack of all trades
♦ tide kumə̑lemlan toleš {phrase} it pleases me, I find satisfaction in it
♦ ojlaš jə̑lme ok tol {phrase} (s)he can't bring himself/herself to say it
♦ türβə̑nč́ə̑š tura toleš {phrase} if somebody sneezes while you're talking, what you say must be true (superstition)
♦ türβə̑nč́ə̑š turaš toleš {phrase} if somebody sneezes while you're talking, what you say must be true (superstition)
♦ βašlijaš tolam {verb I} to come meet
♦ žaplan tolam {verb I} to come for a while
♦ iktaž-kuško tolam {verb I} to arrive somewhere
♦ kidə̑š tolam {verb I} {set phrase} to come into somebody's hands, to be given
♦ kornə̑m tolam {verb I} {set phrase} to travel
♦ möŋgö tolam {verb I} to come home
♦ palə̑də̑me βerə̑ške tolam {verb I} to find oneself in a strange place
♦ pojezd dene tolam {verb I} to come by train
♦ saj kač́ə̑lan tolam {verb I} to marry a good boy
♦ tolə̑n toškalaš ogə̑l {verb I – negative} {set phrase} not to set foot somewhere
♦ tupela tolam {verb I} {set phrase} to come out wrong, to go wrong
♦ tura tolam {verb I} {set phrase} to find oneself somewhere; {set phrase} to catch the eye; {set phrase} to come at the right moment, to be opportune
♦ turaš tolam {verb I} {set phrase} to find oneself somewhere; {set phrase} to catch the eye; {set phrase} to come at the right moment, to be opportune
♦ užaš tolam {verb I} {set phrase} to come for a visit
♦ unala tolam {verb I} to visit, to come for a visit
♦ unalə̑keš tolam {verb I} to visit, to come for a visit
♦ ušə̑ško tolam {verb I} {set phrase} to regain consciousness, to come to, to recover one's senses; {set phrase} to come to mind, to be remembered
♦ č́ə̑neš tolam {verb I} {set phrase} to prove to be true
♦ č́ə̑nlan tolam {verb I} {set phrase} to prove to be true
♦ šoteš tolam {verb I} {set phrase} to come in handy, to come very opportunely
♦ šuldeš tolam {verb I} {set phrase} to be cheap, to come cheap
2. to come back, to return
♦ ilə̑šə̑š tolam {verb I} to come back to life
♦ jöršə̑nlan tolam {verb I} to return for good
♦ sar gə̑č́ tolam {verb I} to return from war
♦ jara tolam {verb I} to come back with nothing
3. to approach, to come near to something, to draw near
♦ porə̑žo melə̑n tolžo {phrase} best of luck, may you be blessed by luck
♦ joltaš deke tolam {verb I} to approach a friend
4. to fall upon, to attack (a country)
♢ ik el βes el ümbake tolə̑n {sentence} one country fell upon another
5. to run into, to run over
♢ βelosiped pə̑rə̑s ümbake tolə̑n {sentence} the bicycle ran over the cat
6. to get into something, to start something, to join the ranks of something, to become active
♦ literaturə̑ško tolam {verb I} to become active in literature, to start writing
7. to originate from, to come from
♢ tide jodə̑š tə̑šeč́ toleš {sentence} this is where the question comes from
8. to come, to appear, to start falling (e.g., rain, snow)
♢ jür toleš {sentence} it's starting to rain
♢ lum toleš {sentence} it's starting to snow
9. to appear, to arise, to come up
♢ tudə̑n šinč́aβüd toleš {sentence} tears are welling up in his/her eyes
♢ jümə̑šumem toleš {sentence} I am growing thirsty
♢ mardež toleš {sentence} a wind is arising
♦ omem toleš {phrase} I am sleepy, I am getting drowsy
♦ kumə̑lem toleš {phrase} I am satisfied, it pleases me, I find satisfaction in it
♦ ušə̑žo tol'o {phrase} (s)he regained consciousness, (s)he came to, (s)he recovered his/her senses
♦ lač́lan tolam {verb I} {set phrase} to come in handy, to be useful
10. to come true, to happen, to occur
♢ tə̑jə̑n tə̑lanə̑metat tol'o {sentence} your wishes have come true
11. to reach, to arrive at, to come to (some result)
♦ kelšə̑maške tolam {verb I} to come to an understanding
12. to fit, to suit, to match
♢ terkupš βurgemžə̑lan ok tol {sentence} the hat doesn't match the clothing
♦ ikteš tolam {verb I} {set phrase} to match, to be the same
♦ lač́eš tolam {verb I} {set phrase} to be suitable, to fit, to be just right; {set phrase} to turn out to be true, to prove to be true, to be true
13. {in a converb construction} (marks gradual actions or actions with gradually increasing effects, marked with both transitive and intransitive verbs)
♦ βijaŋ tolam {verb I} to develop
♦ βolgalt tolam {verb I} to shine
♦ lišem tolam {verb I} to approach gradually
♦ mondalt tolam {verb I} to be forgotten
♦ uem tolam {verb I} to be restored
♦ šukten tolam {verb I} to carry out (one's function)
14. {in a converb construction} (marks approach to something)
♦ ijə̑n tolam {verb I} to come swimming
♦ kuržə̑n tolam {verb I} to come running, to run back
♦ oškə̑l tolam {verb I} to pace back
♦ č́oŋešten tolam {verb I} to come flying
~ COPULATIVE CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
/ tolə̑n purem {verb II} (into)
♢ šonə̑maš βujə̑škem tolə̑n purə̑š {sentence} it occurred to me, it struck me
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// tolə̑n kajem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ ač́am-aβam deke jalə̑š tolə̑n kajem {sentence} I'll visit my parents in the village
// tolə̑n koštam {verb I} {imperfective} (see above)
// č́erle jeŋ deke tolə̑n koštam {verb I} to visit a sick person
// tolə̑n lektam {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ mardež tolə̑n lekte {sentence} a wind has arisen
// tolə̑n saβə̑rnem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// šoŋgo koβa deke tolə̑n saβə̑rnem {verb II} to visit one's old grandmother
// tolə̑n temam {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ keβə̑tə̑š kalə̑k tolə̑n temə̑n {sentence} the shop is full of people
// tolə̑n šinč́am {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ oknaške purak tolə̑n šinč́ə̑n {sentence} there is dust on the window
// tolə̑n šogalam {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ βoktekem joltašem tolə̑n šogal'e {sentence} my friend came to me
// tolə̑n šogem {verb II} {imperfective} (see above)
♢ oksa küsenə̑škə̑že tolə̑n šoga {sentence} money is finding its way into his/her pocket
// tolə̑n šuam {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
// iktaž-kuško tolə̑n šuam {verb I} to arrive somewhere
♢ tolə̑n šuə̑nna! {sentence} we have arrived!, we're here
