toʃkala•m
{verb I} {momentary} [Generate paradigm] 1. to step, to take a step, to stamp
♦ toʃkala•ʃ βer u•ke {phrase} there's no room to move, there's no room to breathe
♦ iktø•r toʃkala•m {verb I} to keep in step
♦ jo•ŋələʃ toʃkala•m {verb I} to stumble
♦ o•nt͡ɕək toʃkala•m {verb I} to step forward; {set phrase} to make progress
♦ toʃkalaʃa•t e•rəkəm pua•ʃ o•gəl {verb II – negative} {set phrase} not to let make a single step, not to let move a single move on one's own
♦ toʃka•lme jeda• {adverb} {set phrase} at every step, continually, everywhere
♦ ʃeŋge•k toʃkala•m {verb I} to step back
2. to tread upon, to tread on, to step on
♦ pə•ləʃəm maska• toʃka•lən {phrase} (s)he is tone-deaf, (s)he has no ear for music
♦ ikta•ʒ-køn jo•lʒəm toʃkala•m {verb I} to tread on someone's foot
♦ jol jəma•k toʃkala•m {verb I} to press under foot; {set phrase} to crush, to eliminate, to destroy; {set phrase} to scorn, to show complete disregard for
♦ peda•ʎəm toʃkala•m {verb I} to step on a pedal
♦ pot͡ɕ gət͡ɕ toʃkala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to step on somebody's toes, to bring somebody down a peg
♦ po•t͡ɕəm toʃkala•m {verb I} {set phrase} to step on somebody's toes, to clip someone's wings
♦ tulʃo•lgəməm toʃkala•m {verb I} to step on a smouldering piece of wood
3. to reach (an age)
♢ ko•ləmʃo ida•ləkəʃ toʃka•lən {sentence} (s)he is now nineteen
♦ ku•dlo i•jəʃ toʃkala•m {verb I} to reach one's sixtieth year, to become fifty-nine
4. to tread, to step into, to come into, to enter
♦ tora• mla•ndəʃke toʃkala•m {verb I} to enter foreign soil
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// toʃka•l kolte•m {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// kyβa•rəm roʃt toʃka•l kolte•m {verb II} to stamp on the floor
// toʃka•l ʃogala•m {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
// pij po•t͡ɕəm toʃka•l ʃogala•m {verb I} to step on a dog's tail
--"PARENT"--> toʃke•m
