ə•ʎe
{verb form} {particle} 1. (there) was, (there) were
♢ tu•ʃto ʃu•ko ka•lək ə•ʎe {sentence} there were many people here
♢ oksa• u•ke ə•ʎe {sentence} there was no money
♢ ʒape•m u•ke ə•ʎe {sentence} I didn't have time
2. (he/she/it) was
♢ iβu•k t͡ɕe•rle ə•ʎe {sentence} Ivuk was sick
3. (used to form compound past tenses marking continuous, repeated actions)
♢ o•ʒno ti•de βe•rəʃte peʃ kugu• py•nt͡ɕø-βlak ku•ʃkət ə•ʎe {sentence} earlier, very large pine trees grew on this spot
♢ məj ja•ləʃte iləme•m go•dəm t͡ɕodəra•ʃ koʃta•ʃ jørate•m ə•ʎe {sentence} when I lived in the country I used to like to go to the forest
♢ məj kniga•m luda•m ə•ʎe, ti•de ʒa•pəʃte ʃo•ʎəm to•lən pu•rəʃ {sentence} I was reading a book when my brother came in
♢ anu•ʃ pasu•ʃ kaja•ʃ le•ktən ə•ʎe, βara• sa•βərnəʃ da brigadi•r dek ka•jəʃ {sentence} Anush was on her way out to the field, but then she turned around and headed to the team leader
4. would, had (used in counterfactual conditional clauses)
♢ ana• se•rəʃəm nale•ʃ ə•ʎe gən, peʃ jəβərta• ə•ʎe {sentence} if Ana got a letter, she would be happy; if Ana had gotten a letter, she would be happy; if Ana had gotten a letter, she would have been happy
♢ tu•do jy•ʃtø βy•dəm ok jy gən, ok t͡ɕerla•ne ə•ʎe {sentence} if (s)he had not drunk cold water, (s)he would not have gotten sick
5. (used to mark polite suggestion, reproach)
♢ ket͡ɕ tə•jʒe məla•m saj kaŋa•ʃəm pue•m ə•ʎe {sentence} if you could only give me a good piece of advice
♦ ə•ʎe ʃol {phrase} that's unfortunate
--"PARENT"--> ula•m
