ы•л'е
{глагол формо} {частице} 1. (there) was, (there) were
♢ ту•што шу•ко ка•лык ы•л'е {ойлончо} there were many people here
♢ окса• у•ке ы•л'е {ойлончо} there was no money
♢ жапе•м у•ке ы•л'е {ойлончо} I didn't have time
2. (he/she/it) was
♢ Иву•к че•рле ы•л'е {ойлончо} Ivuk was sick
3. (used to form compound past tenses marking continuous, repeated actions)
♢ о•жно ти•де ве•рыште пеш кугу• пӱ•нчӧ-влак ку•шкыт ы•л'е {ойлончо} earlier, very large pine trees grew on this spot
♢ мый я•лыште илыме•м го•дым чодыра•ш кошта•ш йӧрате•м ы•л'е {ойлончо} when I lived in the country I used to like to go to the forest
♢ мый книга•м луда•м ы•л'е, ти•де жа•пыште шо•льым то•лын пу•рыш {ойлончо} I was reading a book when my brother came in
♢ Ану•ш пасу•ш кая•ш ле•ктын ы•л'е, вара• са•вырныш да бригади•р дек ка•йыш {ойлончо} Anush was on her way out to the field, but then she turned around and headed to the team leader
4. would, had (used in counterfactual conditional clauses)
♢ Ана• се•рышым нале•ш ы•л'е гын, пеш йывырта• ы•л'е {ойлончо} if Ana got a letter, she would be happy; if Ana had gotten a letter, she would be happy; if Ana had gotten a letter, she would have been happy
♢ ту•до йӱ•штӧ вӱ•дым ок йӱ гын, ок черла•не ы•л'е {ойлончо} if (s)he had not drunk cold water, (s)he would not have gotten sick
5. (used to mark polite suggestion, reproach)
♢ кеч ты•йже мыла•м сай каҥа•шым пуэ•м ы•л'е {ойлончо} if you could only give me a good piece of advice
♦ ы•л'е шол {муткылдыш} that's unfortunate
--"ТЫГАЙ ШОМАК ГЫЧ"--> ула•ш (-ам)
