ertarem
{verb II} [Generate paradigm] 1. {transitive} to spend, to pass (e.g., time)
♦ žapə̑m ludmo dene ertarem {verb II} to spend one's time reading
♦ žapə̑m ertarem {verb II} to spend one's time
♦ žapə̑m ertaren šogə̑ltam {verb I} to stand around idly
♦ kasə̑m ertarem {verb II} to spend an evening
♦ keŋežə̑m jalə̑šte ertarem {verb II} to spend the summer in the countryside
♦ keč́ə̑m ertarem {verb II} to pass a day
♦ nakazanij srokə̑m ertarem {verb II} to serve one's sentence, to do one's time
♦ jara žapə̑m ertarem {verb II} to spend one's free time
2. to experience, to live through, to go through, to endure
♦ kugu ojgə̑m ertarem {verb II} to endure great sorrow
♦ pulamə̑rə̑m ertarem {verb II} to go through hard times
3. to carry out, to conduct, to hold, to perform
♦ pajremə̑m ertarem {verb II} to hold a celebration
♦ pogə̑nə̑mašə̑m ertarem {verb II} to conduct a meeting, to hold a meeting
♦ prijomə̑m ertarem {verb II} to hold a reception
♦ urokə̑m ertarem {verb II} to conduct a lesson, to give a lesson
♦ šošo aga pašam ertarem {verb II} to carry out spring fieldwork
4. to exceed, to surpass, to cross
♦ kum pač́aš ertarem {verb II} to exceed three times, to exceed threefold
♦ normə̑m ertarem {verb II} to exceed a quota
♦ šüdö kə̑ltalan ertarem {verb II} to exceed by a hundred sheaves
5. to surpass, to show superiority
♢ ač́aže č́oja marij ə̑l'e, a ergə̑že tudə̑mat ertara {sentence} his father was a cunning man, but his son even surpasses him
6. {in a converb construction} (marks durative actions, coupled with transitive and intransitive verbs)
♦ ilen ertarem {verb II} to live, to reside
♦ malen ertarem {verb II} to sleep (for a certain time)
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// ertaren kajem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// erkə̑n oškə̑lšo-βlakə̑m ertaren kajem {verb II} to pass slow walkers
// ertaren koltem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ tudə̑m č́odə̑ra goč́ ertaren koltə̑šə̑m {sentence} I led him through the forest
// ertaren lektam {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
// č́ə̑la jösə̑m ertaren lektam {verb I} to endure all hardships
// ertaren temem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// paša planə̑m ertaren temem {verb II} to be ahead of the work schedule, to exceed the word plan
// ertaren šuktem {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// normə̑m ertaren šuktem {verb II} to exceed a quota
--"PARENT"--> ertem
