эрта•ш (-ем)
{verb II} [Generate paradigm] 1. to pass, to pass by, to move by, to pass through, to move through, to go, to walk
♦ вуй ӱмба•ч эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to pass by overhead
♦ ко•рно де•не эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to pass by on a road
♦ кужу• ко•рным эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to walk a long way
♦ лу ме•ҥгым эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to walk ten kilometers
♦ мога•й-гына•т ко•рным эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} {set phrase} to endure something, to go through something
♦ пасу• гоч эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to pass through a field
♦ пӧрт вокте•ч эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to pass by a house
♦ тул-вӱд вошт эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} {set phrase} to go through fire and water, to go to hell and back
♦ тул-вӱд гоч эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} {set phrase} to go to hell and back, to go through hell and high water
♦ умба•ке эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to move onward
♦ уре•м му•чко эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to pass through a street, to go down a street
♦ эрте•н кудала•ш (-ам) {verb I} to drive by
♦ эрте•н куржа•ш (-ам) {verb I} to outrun
♦ эрте•н ошкыла•ш (-ам) {verb I} to walk past
2. to move, to spread, to pass, to pass by (wind, clouds, air, waves, sounds, bullets, ideas)
♢ пыл эрта• {sentence} clouds pass by
♦ пуа•л эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to blow (wind)
3. {intransitive} to pass, to pass through, to cross, to penetrate
♦ тушма•нын о•нчыл ли•нийже гоч эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to penetrate the front line of the enemy
4. {transitive} to pass by, to leave something behind, to move beyond something
♦ и•кте-ве•сым эрта•ш тӧча•ш (-ем) {verb II} to try to pass one another
♦ пӧ•ртым эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to pass by a house
♦ чодыра•м эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to pass by a forest
5. {intransitive} to flow, to stretch, to extend
♢ ко•рно ку•рык вокте•ч эрта• {sentence} the road stretches along the mountains
♦ шуйна•лт эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to stretch, to extend
♦ йоге•н эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to flow
6. to exceed, to be longer than, to be higher than, to be lower than
♢ эҥе•р вӱд кыда•лым эрта• {sentence} the water in the river is higher than one's waist
7. to happen, to occur, to take place, to be held, to be carried out
♢ ти•де кум ий о•жно эрте•н {sentence} this happened three years earlier
♢ сайлыма•ш эрте•н {sentence} elections were held
8. {intransitive} to pass, to go by (time)
♢ жап эрта• {sentence} time goes by, time passes by
♢ жап не•лын эрта• {sentence} time drags on, time hangs heavy
♢ жап йӧ•сын эрта• {sentence} time drags on, time hangs heavy
♢ ик шага•т э•ртыш {sentence} an hour passed
♢ кум шага•тым перыме•ке лу мину•т эрте•н {sentence} it's ten after three
♢ куд шага•т эрте•н {sentence} six hours passed
♢ ко•ло ий эрте•н {sentence} twenty years passed
♢ кеҥе•ж э•ртыш {sentence} summer is over
♦ ида•лык эртыме•ке {adverb} after a year, a year later
9. to pass, to end, to come to an end, to stop, to disappear
♢ сар эрте•н {sentence} the war came to an end
♢ тӱта•н эрте•н {sentence} the storm passed
♢ йӱр эрте•н {sentence} it stopped raining
♢ мӱшкыре•м ко•рштымо эрте•н {sentence} my stomach stopped hurting
10. to cross, to pass, to exceed (an age, quantity)
♦ миллио•ным эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to pass a million
11. to fall (precipitation)
♢ лум эрте•н {sentence} it snowed
12. to study, to do, to take, to go through
♦ те•мым эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to study a topic
♦ пра•ктикым эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to undergo practical training
13. to undergo, to go through, to pass through, to be approved
♦ допро•сым эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to undergo an examination
♦ коми•ссийым эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to pass through a commission
♦ ко•нкурсым эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to pass through a competition
14. to get elected, to be elected
♦ президе•нтыш эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to get elected president
15. to live through, to endure, to survive, to overcome
♦ шу•ко йӧ•сым эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to live through many hardships
16. to arise, to appear (in one's mind), to go through one's mind, to be imagined
♦ у•шышто эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to go through one's mind
17. {figuratively} to overtake, to surpass
♢ ту•до шке мото•рлыкшо де•не чыла•штым эрте•н {sentence} (s)he surpasses all with his/her beauty
♦ реко•рдым эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to break a record
18. {in a converb construction} (marks motion by, past or through somewhere)
♦ ку•ржын эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to run by, to run past, to run through
♦ и•йын эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to swim by, to swim past, to swim through
♦ куда•л эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to drive by, to drive through, to drive past
♦ о•шкыл эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to walk past
♦ чоҥеште•н эрта•ш (-ем) {verb II} to fly by, to fly through, to fly past
~ ASPECTUAL CONVERB CONSTRUCTIONS ~
// эрте•н кая•ш (-ем) {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
// ийго•тым эрте•н кая•ш (-ем) {verb II} to be ahead of one's times
// чыла• вучыма•шым эрте•н кая•ш (-ем) {verb II} to exceed all expectations
// чыла• ӱшаныма•шым эрте•н кая•ш (-ем) {verb II} to exceed all expectations
// шкем эрте•н кая•ш (-ем) {verb II} to surpass oneself
// эрте•н кайышыла• {adverb} in passing, on the way, en route
// эрте•н кода•ш (-ам) {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
♢ эрте•н ко•дшым н'имола•н шарна•ш {sentence} there is no need to remember the past
// эрте•н ко•дшо {adjective} past; remaining, left over
// эрте•н кода•ш (-ем) {verb II} {perfective} (see above)
♢ пеш пи•сын курже•ш, йолта•ш-вла•кшым эрте•н ко•дыш {sentence} (s)he's running very quickly and has left his/her friends behind
// эрте•н кошта•ш (-ам) {verb I} {imperfective} (see above)
♢ ти•де уре•м де•не чӱ•чкыдын эрте•н ко•штым {sentence} I often passed through this street
// эрте•н шуа•ш (-ам) {verb I} {perfective} (see above)
// пич чодыра•м эрте•н шуа•ш (-ам) {verb I} to pass through a deep forest
