Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βotkem | om βotko |
| 2SG: | βotket | ot βotko |
| 3SG: | βotka | ok/ogeʃ βotko |
| 1PL: | βotkena | ona/ogəna βotko |
| 2PL: | βotkeda | oda/ogəda βotko |
| 3PL: | βotkat | ogət βotko |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βotkəʃəm | ʃəm βotko |
| 2SG: | βotkəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ βotko |
| 3SG: | βotkəʃ | əʃ βotko |
| 1PL: | βotkəʃna | əʃna βotko |
| 2PL: | βotkəʃda | əʃda βotko |
| 3PL: | βotkəʃt | əʃt βotko |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βotkenam | βotken oməl |
| 2SG: | βotkenat | βotken otəl |
| 3SG: | βotken | βotken ogəl |
| 1PL: | βotkenːa | βotken onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | βotkenda | βotken odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | βotkenət | βotken ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βotkem əʎe | om βotko əʎe |
| 2SG: | βotket əʎe | ot βotko əʎe |
| 3SG: | βotka əʎe | ok/ogeʃ βotko əʎe |
| 1PL: | βotkena əʎe | ona/ogəna βotko əʎe |
| 2PL: | βotkeda əʎe | oda/ogəda βotko əʎe |
| 3PL: | βotkat əʎe | ogət βotko əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βotkem ulmaʃ | om βotko ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | βotket ulmaʃ | ot βotko ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | βotka ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ βotko ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | βotkena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna βotko ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | βotkeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda βotko ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | βotkat ulmaʃ | ogət βotko ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βotkenam əʎe | βotken oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | βotkenat əʎe | βotken otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | βotken əʎe | βotken ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | βotkenːa əʎe | βotken onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | βotkenda əʎe | βotken odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | βotken əʎe | βotken ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βotkenam ulmaʃ | βotken oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | βotkenat ulmaʃ | βotken otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | βotken ulmaʃ | βotken ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | βotkenːa ulmaʃ | βotken onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | βotkenda ulmaʃ | βotken odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | βotken ulmaʃ | βotken ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βotko | it βotko |
| 3SG: | βotkəʒo | ənʒe βotko |
| 1PL: | (βotkena) | (ona/ogəna βotko) |
| 2PL: | βotkəza | ida βotko |
| 3PL: | βotkəʃt | ənəʃt βotko |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βotkənem | ənem βotko |
| 2SG: | βotkənet | ənet βotko |
| 3SG: | βotkəneʒe | əneʒ βotko |
| 1PL: | βotkənena | ənena βotko |
| 2PL: | βotkəneda | əneda βotko |
| 3PL: | βotkəneʃt | əneʃt βotko |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | βotkənem əʎe | ənem βotko əʎe |
| 2SG: | βotkənena əʎe | ənet βotko əʎe |
| 3SG: | βotkəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ βotko əʎe |
| 1PL: | βotkənena əʎe | ənena βotko əʎe |
| 2PL: | βotkəneda əʎe | əneda βotko əʎe |
| 3PL: | βotkəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt βotko əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βotkənet ulmaʃ | ənet βotko ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | βotkəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ βotko ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | βotkəneda ulmaʃ | əneda βotko ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | βotkəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt βotko ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | βotkaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | βotkəman |
| Active participle: | βotkəʃo |
| Passive participle: | βotkəmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | βotkəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | βotkədəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | βotken |
| Negative gerund: | βotkəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | βotkəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | βotkəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | βotkəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | βotkəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | βotkədəmaʃ |
