Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | gipsam | om gips |
| 2SG: | gipsat | ot gips |
| 3SG: | gipseš | ok/ogeš gips |
| 1PL: | gipsə̑na | ona/ogə̑na gips |
| 2PL: | gipsə̑da | oda/ogə̑da gips |
| 3PL: | gipsə̑t | ogə̑t gips |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | gipsə̑m | šə̑m gips |
| 2SG: | gipsə̑č́ | šə̑č́ gips |
| 3SG: | gipse | ə̑š gips |
| 1PL: | gipsna | ə̑šna gips |
| 2PL: | gipsda | ə̑šda gips |
| 3PL: | gipsə̑č́ | ə̑št gips |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | gipsə̑nam | gipsə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | gipsə̑nat | gipsə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | gipsə̑n | gipsə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | gipsə̑nna | gipsə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | gipsə̑nda | gipsə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | gipsə̑nə̑t | gipsə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | gipsam ə̑l'e | om gips ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | gipsat ə̑l'e | ot gips ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | gipseš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš gips ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | gipsə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na gips ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | gipsə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da gips ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | gipsə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t gips ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | gipsam ulmaš | om gips ulmaš |
| 2SG: | gipsat ulmaš | ot gips ulmaš |
| 3SG: | gipseš ulmaš | ok/ogeš gips ulmaš |
| 1PL: | gipsə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na gips ulmaš |
| 2PL: | gipsə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da gips ulmaš |
| 3PL: | gipsə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t gips ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | gipsə̑nam ə̑l'e | gipsə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | gipsə̑nat ə̑l'e | gipsə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | gipsə̑n ə̑l'e | gipsə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | gipsə̑nna ə̑l'e | gipsə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | gipsə̑nda ə̑l'e | gipsə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | gipsə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | gipsə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | gipsə̑nam ulmaš | gipsə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | gipsə̑nat ulmaš | gipsə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | gipsə̑n ulmaš | gipsə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | gipsə̑nna ulmaš | gipsə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | gipsə̑nda ulmaš | gipsə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | gipsə̑nə̑t ulmaš | gipsə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | gips | it gips |
| 3SG: | gipsše | ə̑nže gips |
| 1PL: | (gipsə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na gips) |
| 2PL: | gipssa | ida gips |
| 3PL: | gipsə̑št | ə̑nə̑št gips |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | gipsnem | ə̑nem gips |
| 2SG: | gipsnet | ə̑net gips |
| 3SG: | gipsneže | ə̑než gips |
| 1PL: | gipsnena | ə̑nena gips |
| 2PL: | gipsneda | ə̑neda gips |
| 3PL: | gipsnešt | ə̑nešt gips |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | gipsnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem gips ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | gipsnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net gips ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | gipsneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než gips ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | gipsnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena gips ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | gipsneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda gips ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | gipsnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt gips ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | gipsnet ulmaš | ə̑net gips ulmaš |
| 3SG: | gipsneže ulmaš | ə̑než gips ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | gipsneda ulmaš | ə̑neda gips ulmaš |
| 3PL: | gipsnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt gips ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | gipsaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | gipsman |
| Active participle: | gipsše |
| Passive participle: | gipsme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | gipsšaš |
| Negative participle: | gipsdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | gipsə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | gipsde |
| Gerund of prior action: | gipsmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | gipsmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | gipsšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | gipsmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | gipsdə̑maš |
