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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | грифель |
Genitive: | грифельын |
Dative: | грифельлан |
Accusative: | грифельым |
Comparative: | грифельла |
Comitative: | грифельге |
Inessive: | грифельыште |
Illative: | грифельыш(ке) |
Lative: | грифел'еш |
1SG: | грифел'ем |
2SG: | грифел'ет |
3SG: | грифельже |
1PL: | грифельна |
2PL: | грифельда |
3PL: | грифельышт |
Plural (1): | грифель-влак |
Plural (2): | грифель-шамыч |
Short Plural: | грифельла |
Sociative Plural: | грифельмыт |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | грифел'ем | грифель-влак | грифель-влакем, грифел'ем-влак |
Genitive: | грифел'емын | грифель-влакын | грифель-влакемын, грифел'ем-влакын |
Dative: | грифел'емлан, грифельланем | грифель-влаклан | грифель-влакемлан, грифел'ем-влаклан |
Accusative: | грифел'емым | грифель-влакым | грифель-влакемым, грифел'ем-влакым |
Comparative: | грифел'емла, грифельлам | грифель-влакла | грифель-влакемла, грифел'ем-влакла |
Comitative: | грифел'емге | грифель-влакге | грифель-влакемге, грифел'ем-влакге |
Inessive: | грифельыштем | грифель-влакыште | грифель-влакыштем, грифел'ем-влакыште |
Illative: | грифельышкем | грифель-влакыш(ке) | грифель-влакышкем, грифел'ем-влакыш(ке) |
Lative: | грифел'ешем | грифель-влакеш | грифель-влакешем, грифел'ем-влакеш |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |