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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | grifel' |
Genitive: | grifel'ə̑n |
Dative: | grifel'lan |
Accusative: | grifel'ə̑m |
Comparative: | grifel'la |
Comitative: | grifel'ge |
Inessive: | grifel'ə̑šte |
Illative: | grifel'ə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | grifel'eš |
1SG: | grifel'em |
2SG: | grifel'et |
3SG: | grifel'že |
1PL: | grifel'na |
2PL: | grifel'da |
3PL: | grifel'ə̑št |
Plural (1): | grifel'-βlak |
Plural (2): | grifel'-šamə̑č́ |
Short Plural: | grifel'la |
Sociative Plural: | grifel'mə̑t |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | grifel'em | grifel'-βlak | grifel'-βlakem, grifel'em-βlak |
Genitive: | grifel'emə̑n | grifel'-βlakə̑n | grifel'-βlakemə̑n, grifel'em-βlakə̑n |
Dative: | grifel'emlan, grifel'lanem | grifel'-βlaklan | grifel'-βlakemlan, grifel'em-βlaklan |
Accusative: | grifel'emə̑m | grifel'-βlakə̑m | grifel'-βlakemə̑m, grifel'em-βlakə̑m |
Comparative: | grifel'emla, grifel'lam | grifel'-βlakla | grifel'-βlakemla, grifel'em-βlakla |
Comitative: | grifel'emge | grifel'-βlakge | grifel'-βlakemge, grifel'em-βlakge |
Inessive: | grifel'ə̑štem | grifel'-βlakə̑šte | grifel'-βlakə̑štem, grifel'em-βlakə̑šte |
Illative: | grifel'ə̑škem | grifel'-βlakə̑š(ke) | grifel'-βlakə̑škem, grifel'em-βlakə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | grifel'ešem | grifel'-βlakeš | grifel'-βlakešem, grifel'em-βlakeš |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |