Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | joʃkaruam | om joʃkarua |
2SG: | joʃkaruat | ot joʃkarua |
3SG: | joʃkaruaʃ | ok/ogeʃ joʃkarua |
1PL: | joʃkaruaəna | ona/ogəna joʃkarua |
2PL: | joʃkaruaəda | oda/ogəda joʃkarua |
3PL: | joʃkaruaət | ogət joʃkarua |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | joʃkaruaəm | ʃəm joʃkarua |
2SG: | joʃkaruaət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ joʃkarua |
3SG: | joʃkaruaje | əʃ joʃkarua |
1PL: | joʃkaruana | əʃna joʃkarua |
2PL: | joʃkaruada | əʃda joʃkarua |
3PL: | joʃkaruaət͡ɕ | əʃt joʃkarua |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | joʃkaruaənam | joʃkaruaən oməl |
2SG: | joʃkaruaənat | joʃkaruaən otəl |
3SG: | joʃkaruaən | joʃkaruaən ogəl |
1PL: | joʃkaruaənːa | joʃkaruaən onal/ogənal |
2PL: | joʃkaruaənda | joʃkaruaən odal/ogədal |
3PL: | joʃkaruaənət | joʃkaruaən ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | joʃkaruam əʎe | om joʃkarua əʎe |
2SG: | joʃkaruat əʎe | ot joʃkarua əʎe |
3SG: | joʃkaruaʃ əʎe | ok/ogeʃ joʃkarua əʎe |
1PL: | joʃkaruaəna əʎe | ona/ogəna joʃkarua əʎe |
2PL: | joʃkaruaəda əʎe | oda/ogəda joʃkarua əʎe |
3PL: | joʃkaruaət əʎe | ogət joʃkarua əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | joʃkaruam ulmaʃ | om joʃkarua ulmaʃ |
2SG: | joʃkaruat ulmaʃ | ot joʃkarua ulmaʃ |
3SG: | joʃkaruaʃ ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ joʃkarua ulmaʃ |
1PL: | joʃkaruaəna ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna joʃkarua ulmaʃ |
2PL: | joʃkaruaəda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda joʃkarua ulmaʃ |
3PL: | joʃkaruaət ulmaʃ | ogət joʃkarua ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | joʃkaruaənam əʎe | joʃkaruaən oməl əʎe |
2SG: | joʃkaruaənat əʎe | joʃkaruaən otəl əʎe |
3SG: | joʃkaruaən əʎe | joʃkaruaən ogəl əʎe |
1PL: | joʃkaruaənːa əʎe | joʃkaruaən onal/ogənal əʎe |
2PL: | joʃkaruaənda əʎe | joʃkaruaən odal/ogədal əʎe |
3PL: | joʃkaruaənət əʎe | joʃkaruaən ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | joʃkaruaənam ulmaʃ | joʃkaruaən oməl ulmaʃ |
2SG: | joʃkaruaənat ulmaʃ | joʃkaruaən otəl ulmaʃ |
3SG: | joʃkaruaən ulmaʃ | joʃkaruaən ogəl ulmaʃ |
1PL: | joʃkaruaənːa ulmaʃ | joʃkaruaən onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
2PL: | joʃkaruaənda ulmaʃ | joʃkaruaən odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
3PL: | joʃkaruaənət ulmaʃ | joʃkaruaən ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | joʃkarua | it joʃkarua |
3SG: | joʃkaruaʒe | ənʒe joʃkarua |
1PL: | (joʃkaruaəna) | (ona/ogəna joʃkarua) |
2PL: | joʃkaruaza | ida joʃkarua |
3PL: | joʃkaruaʃt | ənəʃt joʃkarua |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | joʃkaruanem | ənem joʃkarua |
2SG: | joʃkaruanet | ənet joʃkarua |
3SG: | joʃkaruaneʒe | əneʒ joʃkarua |
1PL: | joʃkaruanena | ənena joʃkarua |
2PL: | joʃkaruaneda | əneda joʃkarua |
3PL: | joʃkaruaneʃt | əneʃt joʃkarua |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | joʃkaruanem əʎe | ənem joʃkarua əʎe |
2SG: | joʃkaruanena əʎe | ənet joʃkarua əʎe |
3SG: | joʃkaruaneʒe əʎe | əneʒ joʃkarua əʎe |
1PL: | joʃkaruanena əʎe | ənena joʃkarua əʎe |
2PL: | joʃkaruaneda əʎe | əneda joʃkarua əʎe |
3PL: | joʃkaruaneʃt əʎe | əneʃt joʃkarua əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | joʃkaruanet ulmaʃ | ənet joʃkarua ulmaʃ |
3SG: | joʃkaruaneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ joʃkarua ulmaʃ |
1PL: | / | / |
2PL: | joʃkaruaneda ulmaʃ | əneda joʃkarua ulmaʃ |
3PL: | joʃkaruaneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt joʃkarua ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
Infinitive: | joʃkaruaʃ |
Necessitive infinitive: | joʃkaruaman |
Active participle: | joʃkaruaʃe |
Passive participle: | joʃkaruame |
Future-necessitive participle: | joʃkaruaʃaʃ |
Negative participle: | joʃkaruadəme |
Affirmative instructive gerund: | joʃkaruaən |
Negative gerund: | joʃkaruade |
Gerund of prior action: | joʃkaruamek(e) |
Gerund of future action: | joʃkaruameʃ(ke) |
Gerund of simultaneous action: | joʃkaruaʃəla |
Nominalization: | joʃkaruamaʃ |
Negative nominalization: | joʃkaruadəmaʃ |