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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | joʃ |
Genitive: | joʃən |
Dative: | joʃlan |
Accusative: | joʃəm |
Comparative: | joʃla |
Comitative: | joʃge |
Inessive: | joʃəʃto |
Illative: | joʃəʃ(ko) |
Lative: | joʃeʃ |
1SG: | joʃem |
2SG: | joʃet |
3SG: | joʃːo, joʃəʒ(o) |
1PL: | joʃna |
2PL: | joʃda |
3PL: | joʃəʃt |
Plural (1): | joʃ-βlak |
Plural (2): | joʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | joʃla |
Sociative Plural: | joʃmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | joʃem | joʃ-βlak | joʃ-βlakem, joʃem-βlak |
Genitive: | joʃemən | joʃ-βlakən | joʃ-βlakemən, joʃem-βlakən |
Dative: | joʃemlan, joʃlanem | joʃ-βlaklan | joʃ-βlakemlan, joʃem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | joʃeməm | joʃ-βlakəm | joʃ-βlakeməm, joʃem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | joʃemla, joʃlam | joʃ-βlakla | joʃ-βlakemla, joʃem-βlakla |
Comitative: | joʃemge | joʃ-βlakge | joʃ-βlakemge, joʃem-βlakge |
Inessive: | joʃəʃtem | joʃ-βlakəʃte | joʃ-βlakəʃtem, joʃem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | joʃəʃkem | joʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | joʃ-βlakəʃkem, joʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | joʃeʃem | joʃ-βlakeʃ | joʃ-βlakeʃem, joʃem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |