Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβkazecam | om kaβkazec |
| 2SG: | kaβkazecat | ot kaβkazec |
| 3SG: | kaβkazeceš | ok/ogeš kaβkazec |
| 1PL: | kaβkazecə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kaβkazec |
| 2PL: | kaβkazecə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kaβkazec |
| 3PL: | kaβkazecə̑t | ogə̑t kaβkazec |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβkazecə̑m | šə̑m kaβkazec |
| 2SG: | kaβkazecə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kaβkazec |
| 3SG: | kaβkazece | ə̑š kaβkazec |
| 1PL: | kaβkazecna | ə̑šna kaβkazec |
| 2PL: | kaβkazecda | ə̑šda kaβkazec |
| 3PL: | kaβkazecə̑č́ | ə̑št kaβkazec |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβkazecə̑nam | kaβkazecə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kaβkazecə̑nat | kaβkazecə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kaβkazecə̑n | kaβkazecə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kaβkazecə̑nna | kaβkazecə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kaβkazecə̑nda | kaβkazecə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kaβkazecə̑nə̑t | kaβkazecə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβkazecam ə̑l'e | om kaβkazec ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaβkazecat ə̑l'e | ot kaβkazec ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaβkazeceš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kaβkazec ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaβkazecə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kaβkazec ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaβkazecə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kaβkazec ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaβkazecə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kaβkazec ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβkazecam ulmaš | om kaβkazec ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaβkazecat ulmaš | ot kaβkazec ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaβkazeceš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kaβkazec ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaβkazecə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kaβkazec ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaβkazecə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kaβkazec ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaβkazecə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kaβkazec ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβkazecə̑nam ə̑l'e | kaβkazecə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaβkazecə̑nat ə̑l'e | kaβkazecə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaβkazecə̑n ə̑l'e | kaβkazecə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaβkazecə̑nna ə̑l'e | kaβkazecə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaβkazecə̑nda ə̑l'e | kaβkazecə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaβkazecə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kaβkazecə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβkazecə̑nam ulmaš | kaβkazecə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kaβkazecə̑nat ulmaš | kaβkazecə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaβkazecə̑n ulmaš | kaβkazecə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kaβkazecə̑nna ulmaš | kaβkazecə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kaβkazecə̑nda ulmaš | kaβkazecə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaβkazecə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kaβkazecə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kaβkazec | it kaβkazec |
| 3SG: | kaβkazecše | ə̑nže kaβkazec |
| 1PL: | (kaβkazecə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kaβkazec) |
| 2PL: | kaβkazecsa | ida kaβkazec |
| 3PL: | kaβkazecə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kaβkazec |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβkazecnem | ə̑nem kaβkazec |
| 2SG: | kaβkazecnet | ə̑net kaβkazec |
| 3SG: | kaβkazecneže | ə̑než kaβkazec |
| 1PL: | kaβkazecnena | ə̑nena kaβkazec |
| 2PL: | kaβkazecneda | ə̑neda kaβkazec |
| 3PL: | kaβkazecnešt | ə̑nešt kaβkazec |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kaβkazecnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kaβkazec ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kaβkazecnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kaβkazec ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kaβkazecneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kaβkazec ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kaβkazecnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kaβkazec ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kaβkazecneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kaβkazec ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kaβkazecnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kaβkazec ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kaβkazecnet ulmaš | ə̑net kaβkazec ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kaβkazecneže ulmaš | ə̑než kaβkazec ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kaβkazecneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kaβkazec ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kaβkazecnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kaβkazec ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kaβkazecaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kaβkazecman |
| Active participle: | kaβkazecše |
| Passive participle: | kaβkazecme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kaβkazecšaš |
| Negative participle: | kaβkazecdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kaβkazecə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kaβkazecde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kaβkazecmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kaβkazecmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kaβkazecšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kaβkazecmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kaβkazecdə̑maš |
