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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | kaloʃan |
Genitive: | kaloʃanən |
Dative: | kaloʃanlan |
Accusative: | kaloʃanəm |
Comparative: | kaloʃanla |
Comitative: | kaloʃange |
Inessive: | kaloʃanəʃte |
Illative: | kaloʃanəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kaloʃaneʃ |
1SG: | kaloʃanem |
2SG: | kaloʃanet |
3SG: | kaloʃanʒe |
1PL: | kaloʃanːa |
2PL: | kaloʃanda |
3PL: | kaloʃanəʃt |
Plural (1): | kaloʃan-βlak |
Plural (2): | kaloʃan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | kaloʃanla |
Sociative Plural: | kaloʃanmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | kaloʃanem | kaloʃan-βlak | kaloʃan-βlakem, kaloʃanem-βlak |
Genitive: | kaloʃanemən | kaloʃan-βlakən | kaloʃan-βlakemən, kaloʃanem-βlakən |
Dative: | kaloʃanemlan, kaloʃanlanem | kaloʃan-βlaklan | kaloʃan-βlakemlan, kaloʃanem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | kaloʃaneməm | kaloʃan-βlakəm | kaloʃan-βlakeməm, kaloʃanem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | kaloʃanemla, kaloʃanlam | kaloʃan-βlakla | kaloʃan-βlakemla, kaloʃanem-βlakla |
Comitative: | kaloʃanemge | kaloʃan-βlakge | kaloʃan-βlakemge, kaloʃanem-βlakge |
Inessive: | kaloʃanəʃtem | kaloʃan-βlakəʃte | kaloʃan-βlakəʃtem, kaloʃanem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | kaloʃanəʃkem | kaloʃan-βlakəʃ(ke) | kaloʃan-βlakəʃkem, kaloʃanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kaloʃaneʃem | kaloʃan-βlakeʃ | kaloʃan-βlakeʃem, kaloʃanem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |