Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | karat͡ɕem | om karat͡ɕe |
2SG: | karat͡ɕet | ot karat͡ɕe |
3SG: | karat͡ɕa | ok/ogeʃ karat͡ɕe |
1PL: | karat͡ɕena | ona/ogəna karat͡ɕe |
2PL: | karat͡ɕeda | oda/ogəda karat͡ɕe |
3PL: | karat͡ɕat | ogət karat͡ɕe |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | karat͡ɕəʃəm | ʃəm karat͡ɕe |
2SG: | karat͡ɕəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ karat͡ɕe |
3SG: | karat͡ɕəʃ | əʃ karat͡ɕe |
1PL: | karat͡ɕəʃna | əʃna karat͡ɕe |
2PL: | karat͡ɕəʃda | əʃda karat͡ɕe |
3PL: | karat͡ɕəʃt | əʃt karat͡ɕe |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | karat͡ɕenam | karat͡ɕen oməl |
2SG: | karat͡ɕenat | karat͡ɕen otəl |
3SG: | karat͡ɕen | karat͡ɕen ogəl |
1PL: | karat͡ɕenːa | karat͡ɕen onal/ogənal |
2PL: | karat͡ɕenda | karat͡ɕen odal/ogədal |
3PL: | karat͡ɕenət | karat͡ɕen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | karat͡ɕem əʎe | om karat͡ɕe əʎe |
2SG: | karat͡ɕet əʎe | ot karat͡ɕe əʎe |
3SG: | karat͡ɕa əʎe | ok/ogeʃ karat͡ɕe əʎe |
1PL: | karat͡ɕena əʎe | ona/ogəna karat͡ɕe əʎe |
2PL: | karat͡ɕeda əʎe | oda/ogəda karat͡ɕe əʎe |
3PL: | karat͡ɕat əʎe | ogət karat͡ɕe əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | karat͡ɕem ulmaʃ | om karat͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
2SG: | karat͡ɕet ulmaʃ | ot karat͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
3SG: | karat͡ɕa ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ karat͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
1PL: | karat͡ɕena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna karat͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
2PL: | karat͡ɕeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda karat͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
3PL: | karat͡ɕat ulmaʃ | ogət karat͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | karat͡ɕenam əʎe | karat͡ɕen oməl əʎe |
2SG: | karat͡ɕenat əʎe | karat͡ɕen otəl əʎe |
3SG: | karat͡ɕen əʎe | karat͡ɕen ogəl əʎe |
1PL: | karat͡ɕenːa əʎe | karat͡ɕen onal/ogənal əʎe |
2PL: | karat͡ɕenda əʎe | karat͡ɕen odal/ogədal əʎe |
3PL: | karat͡ɕen əʎe | karat͡ɕen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | karat͡ɕenam ulmaʃ | karat͡ɕen oməl ulmaʃ |
2SG: | karat͡ɕenat ulmaʃ | karat͡ɕen otəl ulmaʃ |
3SG: | karat͡ɕen ulmaʃ | karat͡ɕen ogəl ulmaʃ |
1PL: | karat͡ɕenːa ulmaʃ | karat͡ɕen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
2PL: | karat͡ɕenda ulmaʃ | karat͡ɕen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
3PL: | karat͡ɕen ulmaʃ | karat͡ɕen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | karat͡ɕe | it karat͡ɕe |
3SG: | karat͡ɕəʒe | ənʒe karat͡ɕe |
1PL: | (karat͡ɕena) | (ona/ogəna karat͡ɕe) |
2PL: | karat͡ɕəza | ida karat͡ɕe |
3PL: | karat͡ɕəʃt | ənəʃt karat͡ɕe |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | karat͡ɕənem | ənem karat͡ɕe |
2SG: | karat͡ɕənet | ənet karat͡ɕe |
3SG: | karat͡ɕəneʒe | əneʒ karat͡ɕe |
1PL: | karat͡ɕənena | ənena karat͡ɕe |
2PL: | karat͡ɕəneda | əneda karat͡ɕe |
3PL: | karat͡ɕəneʃt | əneʃt karat͡ɕe |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | karat͡ɕənem əʎe | ənem karat͡ɕe əʎe |
2SG: | karat͡ɕənena əʎe | ənet karat͡ɕe əʎe |
3SG: | karat͡ɕəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ karat͡ɕe əʎe |
1PL: | karat͡ɕənena əʎe | ənena karat͡ɕe əʎe |
2PL: | karat͡ɕəneda əʎe | əneda karat͡ɕe əʎe |
3PL: | karat͡ɕəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt karat͡ɕe əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | karat͡ɕənet ulmaʃ | ənet karat͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
3SG: | karat͡ɕəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ karat͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
1PL: | / | / |
2PL: | karat͡ɕəneda ulmaʃ | əneda karat͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
3PL: | karat͡ɕəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt karat͡ɕe ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
Infinitive: | karat͡ɕaʃ |
Necessitive infinitive: | karat͡ɕəman |
Active participle: | karat͡ɕəʃe |
Passive participle: | karat͡ɕəme |
Future-necessitive participle: | karat͡ɕəʃaʃ |
Negative participle: | karat͡ɕədəme |
Affirmative instructive gerund: | karat͡ɕen |
Negative gerund: | karat͡ɕəde |
Gerund of prior action: | karat͡ɕəmek(e) |
Gerund of future action: | karat͡ɕəmeʃ(ke) |
Gerund of simultaneous action: | karat͡ɕəʃəla |
Nominalization: | karat͡ɕəmaʃ |
Negative nominalization: | karat͡ɕədəmaʃ |