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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | karu |
Genitive: | karun |
Dative: | karulan |
Accusative: | karum |
Comparative: | karula |
Comitative: | karuge |
Inessive: | karušto |
Illative: | karuš(ko) |
Lative: | karueš |
1SG: | karuem |
2SG: | karuet |
3SG: | karuž(o) |
1PL: | karuna |
2PL: | karuda |
3PL: | karušt |
Plural (1): | karu-βlak |
Plural (2): | karu-šamə̑č́ |
Short Plural: | karula |
Sociative Plural: | karumə̑t |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | karuem | karu-βlak | karu-βlakem, karuem-βlak |
Genitive: | karuemə̑n | karu-βlakə̑n | karu-βlakemə̑n, karuem-βlakə̑n |
Dative: | karuemlan, karulanem | karu-βlaklan | karu-βlakemlan, karuem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | karuemə̑m | karu-βlakə̑m | karu-βlakemə̑m, karuem-βlakə̑m |
Comparative: | karuemla, karulam | karu-βlakla | karu-βlakemla, karuem-βlakla |
Comitative: | karuemge | karu-βlakge | karu-βlakemge, karuem-βlakge |
Inessive: | karuštem | karu-βlakə̑šte | karu-βlakə̑štem, karuem-βlakə̑šte |
Illative: | karuškem | karu-βlakə̑š(ke) | karu-βlakə̑škem, karuem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | karuešem | karu-βlakeš | karu-βlakešem, karuem-βlakeš |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |