Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasam | om kasa |
| 2SG: | kasat | ot kasa |
| 3SG: | kasaš | ok/ogeš kasa |
| 1PL: | kasaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kasa |
| 2PL: | kasaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kasa |
| 3PL: | kasaə̑t | ogə̑t kasa |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasaə̑m | šə̑m kasa |
| 2SG: | kasaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kasa |
| 3SG: | kasaje | ə̑š kasa |
| 1PL: | kasana | ə̑šna kasa |
| 2PL: | kasada | ə̑šda kasa |
| 3PL: | kasaə̑č́ | ə̑št kasa |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasaə̑nam | kasaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kasaə̑nat | kasaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kasaə̑n | kasaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kasaə̑nna | kasaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kasaə̑nda | kasaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kasaə̑nə̑t | kasaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasam ə̑l'e | om kasa ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kasat ə̑l'e | ot kasa ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kasaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kasa ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kasaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kasa ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kasaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kasa ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kasaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kasa ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasam ulmaš | om kasa ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kasat ulmaš | ot kasa ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kasaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kasa ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kasaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kasa ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kasaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kasa ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kasaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kasa ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasaə̑nam ə̑l'e | kasaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kasaə̑nat ə̑l'e | kasaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kasaə̑n ə̑l'e | kasaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kasaə̑nna ə̑l'e | kasaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kasaə̑nda ə̑l'e | kasaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kasaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kasaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasaə̑nam ulmaš | kasaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kasaə̑nat ulmaš | kasaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kasaə̑n ulmaš | kasaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kasaə̑nna ulmaš | kasaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kasaə̑nda ulmaš | kasaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kasaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kasaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kasa | it kasa |
| 3SG: | kasaže | ə̑nže kasa |
| 1PL: | (kasaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kasa) |
| 2PL: | kasaza | ida kasa |
| 3PL: | kasašt | ə̑nə̑št kasa |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasanem | ə̑nem kasa |
| 2SG: | kasanet | ə̑net kasa |
| 3SG: | kasaneže | ə̑než kasa |
| 1PL: | kasanena | ə̑nena kasa |
| 2PL: | kasaneda | ə̑neda kasa |
| 3PL: | kasanešt | ə̑nešt kasa |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | kasanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kasa ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kasanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kasa ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kasaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kasa ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kasanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kasa ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kasaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kasa ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kasanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kasa ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kasanet ulmaš | ə̑net kasa ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kasaneže ulmaš | ə̑než kasa ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kasaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kasa ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kasanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kasa ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kasaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kasaman |
| Active participle: | kasaše |
| Passive participle: | kasame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kasašaš |
| Negative participle: | kasadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kasaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kasade |
| Gerund of prior action: | kasamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kasameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kasašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kasamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kasadə̑maš |
