Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kβotem | om kβoto |
2SG: | kβotet | ot kβoto |
3SG: | kβota | ok/ogeš kβoto |
1PL: | kβotena | ona/ogə̑na kβoto |
2PL: | kβoteda | oda/ogə̑da kβoto |
3PL: | kβotat | ogə̑t kβoto |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kβotə̑šə̑m | šə̑m kβoto |
2SG: | kβotə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kβoto |
3SG: | kβotə̑š | ə̑š kβoto |
1PL: | kβotə̑šna | ə̑šna kβoto |
2PL: | kβotə̑šda | ə̑šda kβoto |
3PL: | kβotə̑št | ə̑št kβoto |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kβotenam | kβoten omə̑l |
2SG: | kβotenat | kβoten otə̑l |
3SG: | kβoten | kβoten ogə̑l |
1PL: | kβotenna | kβoten onal/ogə̑nal |
2PL: | kβotenda | kβoten odal/ogə̑dal |
3PL: | kβotenə̑t | kβoten ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kβotem ə̑l'e | om kβoto ə̑l'e |
2SG: | kβotet ə̑l'e | ot kβoto ə̑l'e |
3SG: | kβota ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kβoto ə̑l'e |
1PL: | kβotena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kβoto ə̑l'e |
2PL: | kβoteda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kβoto ə̑l'e |
3PL: | kβotat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kβoto ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kβotem ulmaš | om kβoto ulmaš |
2SG: | kβotet ulmaš | ot kβoto ulmaš |
3SG: | kβota ulmaš | ok/ogeš kβoto ulmaš |
1PL: | kβotena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kβoto ulmaš |
2PL: | kβoteda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kβoto ulmaš |
3PL: | kβotat ulmaš | ogə̑t kβoto ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kβotenam ə̑l'e | kβoten omə̑l ə̑l'e |
2SG: | kβotenat ə̑l'e | kβoten otə̑l ə̑l'e |
3SG: | kβoten ə̑l'e | kβoten ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
1PL: | kβotenna ə̑l'e | kβoten onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
2PL: | kβotenda ə̑l'e | kβoten odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
3PL: | kβoten ə̑l'e | kβoten ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kβotenam ulmaš | kβoten omə̑l ulmaš |
2SG: | kβotenat ulmaš | kβoten otə̑l ulmaš |
3SG: | kβoten ulmaš | kβoten ogə̑l ulmaš |
1PL: | kβotenna ulmaš | kβoten onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
2PL: | kβotenda ulmaš | kβoten odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
3PL: | kβoten ulmaš | kβoten ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | kβoto | it kβoto |
3SG: | kβotə̑žo | ə̑nže kβoto |
1PL: | (kβotena) | (ona/ogə̑na kβoto) |
2PL: | kβotə̑za | ida kβoto |
3PL: | kβotə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kβoto |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kβotə̑nem | ə̑nem kβoto |
2SG: | kβotə̑net | ə̑net kβoto |
3SG: | kβotə̑neže | ə̑než kβoto |
1PL: | kβotə̑nena | ə̑nena kβoto |
2PL: | kβotə̑neda | ə̑neda kβoto |
3PL: | kβotə̑nešt | ə̑nešt kβoto |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kβotə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kβoto ə̑l'e |
2SG: | kβotə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kβoto ə̑l'e |
3SG: | kβotə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kβoto ə̑l'e |
1PL: | kβotə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kβoto ə̑l'e |
2PL: | kβotə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kβoto ə̑l'e |
3PL: | kβotə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kβoto ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | kβotə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net kβoto ulmaš |
3SG: | kβotə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než kβoto ulmaš |
1PL: | / | / |
2PL: | kβotə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda kβoto ulmaš |
3PL: | kβotə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kβoto ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
Infinitive: | kβotaš |
Necessitive infinitive: | kβotə̑man |
Active participle: | kβotə̑šo |
Passive participle: | kβotə̑mo |
Future-necessitive participle: | kβotə̑šaš |
Negative participle: | kβotə̑də̑mo |
Affirmative instructive gerund: | kβoten |
Negative gerund: | kβotə̑de |
Gerund of prior action: | kβotə̑mek(e) |
Gerund of future action: | kβotə̑meš(ke) |
Gerund of simultaneous action: | kβotə̑šə̑la |
Nominalization: | kβotə̑maš |
Negative nominalization: | kβotə̑də̑maš |