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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | koʃtman |
Genitive: | koʃtmanən |
Dative: | koʃtmanlan |
Accusative: | koʃtmanəm |
Comparative: | koʃtmanla |
Comitative: | koʃtmange |
Inessive: | koʃtmanəʃte |
Illative: | koʃtmanəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | koʃtmaneʃ |
1SG: | koʃtmanem |
2SG: | koʃtmanet |
3SG: | koʃtmanʒe |
1PL: | koʃtmanːa |
2PL: | koʃtmanda |
3PL: | koʃtmanəʃt |
Plural (1): | koʃtman-βlak |
Plural (2): | koʃtman-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | koʃtmanla |
Sociative Plural: | koʃtmanmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | koʃtmanem | koʃtman-βlak | koʃtman-βlakem, koʃtmanem-βlak |
Genitive: | koʃtmanemən | koʃtman-βlakən | koʃtman-βlakemən, koʃtmanem-βlakən |
Dative: | koʃtmanemlan, koʃtmanlanem | koʃtman-βlaklan | koʃtman-βlakemlan, koʃtmanem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | koʃtmaneməm | koʃtman-βlakəm | koʃtman-βlakeməm, koʃtmanem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | koʃtmanemla, koʃtmanlam | koʃtman-βlakla | koʃtman-βlakemla, koʃtmanem-βlakla |
Comitative: | koʃtmanemge | koʃtman-βlakge | koʃtman-βlakemge, koʃtmanem-βlakge |
Inessive: | koʃtmanəʃtem | koʃtman-βlakəʃte | koʃtman-βlakəʃtem, koʃtmanem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | koʃtmanəʃkem | koʃtman-βlakəʃ(ke) | koʃtman-βlakəʃkem, koʃtmanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | koʃtmaneʃem | koʃtman-βlakeʃ | koʃtman-βlakeʃem, koʃtmanem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 26 June 2024 |