Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kopt'am | om kopt'a |
2SG: | kopt'at | ot kopt'a |
3SG: | kopt'aš | ok/ogeš kopt'a |
1PL: | kopt'aə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kopt'a |
2PL: | kopt'aə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kopt'a |
3PL: | kopt'aə̑t | ogə̑t kopt'a |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kopt'aə̑m | šə̑m kopt'a |
2SG: | kopt'aə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kopt'a |
3SG: | kopt'aje | ə̑š kopt'a |
1PL: | kopt'ana | ə̑šna kopt'a |
2PL: | kopt'ada | ə̑šda kopt'a |
3PL: | kopt'aə̑č́ | ə̑št kopt'a |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kopt'aə̑nam | kopt'aə̑n omə̑l |
2SG: | kopt'aə̑nat | kopt'aə̑n otə̑l |
3SG: | kopt'aə̑n | kopt'aə̑n ogə̑l |
1PL: | kopt'aə̑nna | kopt'aə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
2PL: | kopt'aə̑nda | kopt'aə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
3PL: | kopt'aə̑nə̑t | kopt'aə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kopt'am ə̑l'e | om kopt'a ə̑l'e |
2SG: | kopt'at ə̑l'e | ot kopt'a ə̑l'e |
3SG: | kopt'aš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kopt'a ə̑l'e |
1PL: | kopt'aə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kopt'a ə̑l'e |
2PL: | kopt'aə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kopt'a ə̑l'e |
3PL: | kopt'aə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kopt'a ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kopt'am ulmaš | om kopt'a ulmaš |
2SG: | kopt'at ulmaš | ot kopt'a ulmaš |
3SG: | kopt'aš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kopt'a ulmaš |
1PL: | kopt'aə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kopt'a ulmaš |
2PL: | kopt'aə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kopt'a ulmaš |
3PL: | kopt'aə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kopt'a ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kopt'aə̑nam ə̑l'e | kopt'aə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
2SG: | kopt'aə̑nat ə̑l'e | kopt'aə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
3SG: | kopt'aə̑n ə̑l'e | kopt'aə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
1PL: | kopt'aə̑nna ə̑l'e | kopt'aə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
2PL: | kopt'aə̑nda ə̑l'e | kopt'aə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
3PL: | kopt'aə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kopt'aə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kopt'aə̑nam ulmaš | kopt'aə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
2SG: | kopt'aə̑nat ulmaš | kopt'aə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
3SG: | kopt'aə̑n ulmaš | kopt'aə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
1PL: | kopt'aə̑nna ulmaš | kopt'aə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
2PL: | kopt'aə̑nda ulmaš | kopt'aə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
3PL: | kopt'aə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kopt'aə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | kopt'a | it kopt'a |
3SG: | kopt'aže | ə̑nže kopt'a |
1PL: | (kopt'aə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kopt'a) |
2PL: | kopt'aza | ida kopt'a |
3PL: | kopt'ašt | ə̑nə̑št kopt'a |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kopt'anem | ə̑nem kopt'a |
2SG: | kopt'anet | ə̑net kopt'a |
3SG: | kopt'aneže | ə̑než kopt'a |
1PL: | kopt'anena | ə̑nena kopt'a |
2PL: | kopt'aneda | ə̑neda kopt'a |
3PL: | kopt'anešt | ə̑nešt kopt'a |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kopt'anem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kopt'a ə̑l'e |
2SG: | kopt'anena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kopt'a ə̑l'e |
3SG: | kopt'aneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kopt'a ə̑l'e |
1PL: | kopt'anena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kopt'a ə̑l'e |
2PL: | kopt'aneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kopt'a ə̑l'e |
3PL: | kopt'anešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kopt'a ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | kopt'anet ulmaš | ə̑net kopt'a ulmaš |
3SG: | kopt'aneže ulmaš | ə̑než kopt'a ulmaš |
1PL: | / | / |
2PL: | kopt'aneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kopt'a ulmaš |
3PL: | kopt'anešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kopt'a ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
Infinitive: | kopt'aš |
Necessitive infinitive: | kopt'aman |
Active participle: | kopt'aše |
Passive participle: | kopt'ame |
Future-necessitive participle: | kopt'ašaš |
Negative participle: | kopt'adə̑me |
Affirmative instructive gerund: | kopt'aə̑n |
Negative gerund: | kopt'ade |
Gerund of prior action: | kopt'amek(e) |
Gerund of future action: | kopt'ameš(ke) |
Gerund of simultaneous action: | kopt'ašə̑la |
Nominalization: | kopt'amaš |
Negative nominalization: | kopt'adə̑maš |