Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | koʃtʃem | om koʃtʃo |
2SG: | koʃtʃet | ot koʃtʃo |
3SG: | koʃtʃa | ok/ogeʃ koʃtʃo |
1PL: | koʃtʃena | ona/ogəna koʃtʃo |
2PL: | koʃtʃeda | oda/ogəda koʃtʃo |
3PL: | koʃtʃat | ogət koʃtʃo |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | koʃtʃəʃəm | ʃəm koʃtʃo |
2SG: | koʃtʃəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ koʃtʃo |
3SG: | koʃtʃəʃ | əʃ koʃtʃo |
1PL: | koʃtʃəʃna | əʃna koʃtʃo |
2PL: | koʃtʃəʃda | əʃda koʃtʃo |
3PL: | koʃtʃəʃt | əʃt koʃtʃo |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | koʃtʃenam | koʃtʃen oməl |
2SG: | koʃtʃenat | koʃtʃen otəl |
3SG: | koʃtʃen | koʃtʃen ogəl |
1PL: | koʃtʃenːa | koʃtʃen onal/ogənal |
2PL: | koʃtʃenda | koʃtʃen odal/ogədal |
3PL: | koʃtʃenət | koʃtʃen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | koʃtʃem əʎe | om koʃtʃo əʎe |
2SG: | koʃtʃet əʎe | ot koʃtʃo əʎe |
3SG: | koʃtʃa əʎe | ok/ogeʃ koʃtʃo əʎe |
1PL: | koʃtʃena əʎe | ona/ogəna koʃtʃo əʎe |
2PL: | koʃtʃeda əʎe | oda/ogəda koʃtʃo əʎe |
3PL: | koʃtʃat əʎe | ogət koʃtʃo əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | koʃtʃem ulmaʃ | om koʃtʃo ulmaʃ |
2SG: | koʃtʃet ulmaʃ | ot koʃtʃo ulmaʃ |
3SG: | koʃtʃa ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ koʃtʃo ulmaʃ |
1PL: | koʃtʃena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna koʃtʃo ulmaʃ |
2PL: | koʃtʃeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda koʃtʃo ulmaʃ |
3PL: | koʃtʃat ulmaʃ | ogət koʃtʃo ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | koʃtʃenam əʎe | koʃtʃen oməl əʎe |
2SG: | koʃtʃenat əʎe | koʃtʃen otəl əʎe |
3SG: | koʃtʃen əʎe | koʃtʃen ogəl əʎe |
1PL: | koʃtʃenːa əʎe | koʃtʃen onal/ogənal əʎe |
2PL: | koʃtʃenda əʎe | koʃtʃen odal/ogədal əʎe |
3PL: | koʃtʃen əʎe | koʃtʃen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | koʃtʃenam ulmaʃ | koʃtʃen oməl ulmaʃ |
2SG: | koʃtʃenat ulmaʃ | koʃtʃen otəl ulmaʃ |
3SG: | koʃtʃen ulmaʃ | koʃtʃen ogəl ulmaʃ |
1PL: | koʃtʃenːa ulmaʃ | koʃtʃen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
2PL: | koʃtʃenda ulmaʃ | koʃtʃen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
3PL: | koʃtʃen ulmaʃ | koʃtʃen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | koʃtʃo | it koʃtʃo |
3SG: | koʃtʃəʒo | ənʒe koʃtʃo |
1PL: | (koʃtʃena) | (ona/ogəna koʃtʃo) |
2PL: | koʃtʃəza | ida koʃtʃo |
3PL: | koʃtʃəʃt | ənəʃt koʃtʃo |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | koʃtʃənem | ənem koʃtʃo |
2SG: | koʃtʃənet | ənet koʃtʃo |
3SG: | koʃtʃəneʒe | əneʒ koʃtʃo |
1PL: | koʃtʃənena | ənena koʃtʃo |
2PL: | koʃtʃəneda | əneda koʃtʃo |
3PL: | koʃtʃəneʃt | əneʃt koʃtʃo |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | koʃtʃənem əʎe | ənem koʃtʃo əʎe |
2SG: | koʃtʃənena əʎe | ənet koʃtʃo əʎe |
3SG: | koʃtʃəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ koʃtʃo əʎe |
1PL: | koʃtʃənena əʎe | ənena koʃtʃo əʎe |
2PL: | koʃtʃəneda əʎe | əneda koʃtʃo əʎe |
3PL: | koʃtʃəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt koʃtʃo əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | koʃtʃənet ulmaʃ | ənet koʃtʃo ulmaʃ |
3SG: | koʃtʃəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ koʃtʃo ulmaʃ |
1PL: | / | / |
2PL: | koʃtʃəneda ulmaʃ | əneda koʃtʃo ulmaʃ |
3PL: | koʃtʃəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt koʃtʃo ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
Infinitive: | koʃtʃaʃ |
Necessitive infinitive: | koʃtʃəman |
Active participle: | koʃtʃəʃo |
Passive participle: | koʃtʃəmo |
Future-necessitive participle: | koʃtʃəʃaʃ |
Negative participle: | koʃtʃədəmo |
Affirmative instructive gerund: | koʃtʃen |
Negative gerund: | koʃtʃəde |
Gerund of prior action: | koʃtʃəmek(e) |
Gerund of future action: | koʃtʃəmeʃ(ke) |
Gerund of simultaneous action: | koʃtʃəʃəla |
Nominalization: | koʃtʃəmaʃ |
Negative nominalization: | koʃtʃədəmaʃ |