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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | kugumʃa |
Genitive: | kugumʃan |
Dative: | kugumʃalan |
Accusative: | kugumʃam |
Comparative: | kugumʃala |
Comitative: | kugumʃage |
Inessive: | kugumʃaʃte |
Illative: | kugumʃaʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kugumʃaʃ |
1SG: | kugumʃam |
2SG: | kugumʃat |
3SG: | kugumʃaʒ(e) |
1PL: | kugumʃana |
2PL: | kugumʃada |
3PL: | kugumʃaʃt |
Plural (1): | kugumʃa-βlak |
Plural (2): | kugumʃa-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | kugumʃala |
Sociative Plural: | kugumʃamət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | kugumʃam | kugumʃa-βlak | kugumʃa-βlakem, kugumʃam-βlak |
Genitive: | kugumʃamən | kugumʃa-βlakən | kugumʃa-βlakemən, kugumʃam-βlakən |
Dative: | kugumʃamlan, kugumʃalanem | kugumʃa-βlaklan | kugumʃa-βlakemlan, kugumʃam-βlaklan |
Accusative: | kugumʃaməm | kugumʃa-βlakəm | kugumʃa-βlakeməm, kugumʃam-βlakəm |
Comparative: | kugumʃamla, kugumʃalam | kugumʃa-βlakla | kugumʃa-βlakemla, kugumʃam-βlakla |
Comitative: | kugumʃamge | kugumʃa-βlakge | kugumʃa-βlakemge, kugumʃam-βlakge |
Inessive: | kugumʃaʃtem | kugumʃa-βlakəʃte | kugumʃa-βlakəʃtem, kugumʃam-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | kugumʃaʃkem | kugumʃa-βlakəʃ(ke) | kugumʃa-βlakəʃkem, kugumʃam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | kugumʃaʃem | kugumʃa-βlakeʃ | kugumʃa-βlakeʃem, kugumʃam-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |