Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kə̑rtmem | om kə̑rtme |
2SG: | kə̑rtmet | ot kə̑rtme |
3SG: | kə̑rtma | ok/ogeš kə̑rtme |
1PL: | kə̑rtmena | ona/ogə̑na kə̑rtme |
2PL: | kə̑rtmeda | oda/ogə̑da kə̑rtme |
3PL: | kə̑rtmat | ogə̑t kə̑rtme |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kə̑rtmə̑šə̑m | šə̑m kə̑rtme |
2SG: | kə̑rtmə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kə̑rtme |
3SG: | kə̑rtmə̑š | ə̑š kə̑rtme |
1PL: | kə̑rtmə̑šna | ə̑šna kə̑rtme |
2PL: | kə̑rtmə̑šda | ə̑šda kə̑rtme |
3PL: | kə̑rtmə̑št | ə̑št kə̑rtme |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kə̑rtmenam | kə̑rtmen omə̑l |
2SG: | kə̑rtmenat | kə̑rtmen otə̑l |
3SG: | kə̑rtmen | kə̑rtmen ogə̑l |
1PL: | kə̑rtmenna | kə̑rtmen onal/ogə̑nal |
2PL: | kə̑rtmenda | kə̑rtmen odal/ogə̑dal |
3PL: | kə̑rtmenə̑t | kə̑rtmen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kə̑rtmem ə̑l'e | om kə̑rtme ə̑l'e |
2SG: | kə̑rtmet ə̑l'e | ot kə̑rtme ə̑l'e |
3SG: | kə̑rtma ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kə̑rtme ə̑l'e |
1PL: | kə̑rtmena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kə̑rtme ə̑l'e |
2PL: | kə̑rtmeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kə̑rtme ə̑l'e |
3PL: | kə̑rtmat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kə̑rtme ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kə̑rtmem ulmaš | om kə̑rtme ulmaš |
2SG: | kə̑rtmet ulmaš | ot kə̑rtme ulmaš |
3SG: | kə̑rtma ulmaš | ok/ogeš kə̑rtme ulmaš |
1PL: | kə̑rtmena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kə̑rtme ulmaš |
2PL: | kə̑rtmeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kə̑rtme ulmaš |
3PL: | kə̑rtmat ulmaš | ogə̑t kə̑rtme ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kə̑rtmenam ə̑l'e | kə̑rtmen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
2SG: | kə̑rtmenat ə̑l'e | kə̑rtmen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
3SG: | kə̑rtmen ə̑l'e | kə̑rtmen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
1PL: | kə̑rtmenna ə̑l'e | kə̑rtmen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
2PL: | kə̑rtmenda ə̑l'e | kə̑rtmen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
3PL: | kə̑rtmen ə̑l'e | kə̑rtmen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kə̑rtmenam ulmaš | kə̑rtmen omə̑l ulmaš |
2SG: | kə̑rtmenat ulmaš | kə̑rtmen otə̑l ulmaš |
3SG: | kə̑rtmen ulmaš | kə̑rtmen ogə̑l ulmaš |
1PL: | kə̑rtmenna ulmaš | kə̑rtmen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
2PL: | kə̑rtmenda ulmaš | kə̑rtmen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
3PL: | kə̑rtmen ulmaš | kə̑rtmen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | kə̑rtme | it kə̑rtme |
3SG: | kə̑rtmə̑že | ə̑nže kə̑rtme |
1PL: | (kə̑rtmena) | (ona/ogə̑na kə̑rtme) |
2PL: | kə̑rtmə̑za | ida kə̑rtme |
3PL: | kə̑rtmə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kə̑rtme |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kə̑rtmə̑nem | ə̑nem kə̑rtme |
2SG: | kə̑rtmə̑net | ə̑net kə̑rtme |
3SG: | kə̑rtmə̑neže | ə̑než kə̑rtme |
1PL: | kə̑rtmə̑nena | ə̑nena kə̑rtme |
2PL: | kə̑rtmə̑neda | ə̑neda kə̑rtme |
3PL: | kə̑rtmə̑nešt | ə̑nešt kə̑rtme |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | kə̑rtmə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kə̑rtme ə̑l'e |
2SG: | kə̑rtmə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kə̑rtme ə̑l'e |
3SG: | kə̑rtmə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kə̑rtme ə̑l'e |
1PL: | kə̑rtmə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kə̑rtme ə̑l'e |
2PL: | kə̑rtmə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kə̑rtme ə̑l'e |
3PL: | kə̑rtmə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kə̑rtme ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | kə̑rtmə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net kə̑rtme ulmaš |
3SG: | kə̑rtmə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než kə̑rtme ulmaš |
1PL: | / | / |
2PL: | kə̑rtmə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda kə̑rtme ulmaš |
3PL: | kə̑rtmə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kə̑rtme ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
Infinitive: | kə̑rtmaš |
Necessitive infinitive: | kə̑rtmə̑man |
Active participle: | kə̑rtmə̑še |
Passive participle: | kə̑rtmə̑me |
Future-necessitive participle: | kə̑rtmə̑šaš |
Negative participle: | kə̑rtmə̑də̑me |
Affirmative instructive gerund: | kə̑rtmen |
Negative gerund: | kə̑rtmə̑de |
Gerund of prior action: | kə̑rtmə̑mek(e) |
Gerund of future action: | kə̑rtmə̑meš(ke) |
Gerund of simultaneous action: | kə̑rtmə̑šə̑la |
Nominalization: | kə̑rtmə̑maš |
Negative nominalization: | kə̑rtmə̑də̑maš |