Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

   ○ Nominal ● Verb ○ Postposition
Conjugation class: ● Determine from input ○ First ○ Second
Orthography: ○ Cyrillic ● UPA ○ IPA

Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.


Indicative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'gotanamom l'gotan
2SG:l'gotanatot l'gotan
3SG:l'gotanešok/ogeš l'gotan
1PL:l'gotanə̑naona/ogə̑na l'gotan
2PL:l'gotanə̑daoda/ogə̑da l'gotan
3PL:l'gotanə̑togə̑t l'gotan

Indicative Simple Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'gotańə̑mšə̑m l'gotan
2SG:l'gotańə̑č́šə̑č́ l'gotan
3SG:l'gotańeə̑š l'gotan
1PL:l'gotannaə̑šna l'gotan
2PL:l'gotandaə̑šda l'gotan
3PL:l'gotańə̑č́ə̑št l'gotan

Indicative Simple Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'gotanə̑naml'gotanə̑n omə̑l
2SG:l'gotanə̑natl'gotanə̑n otə̑l
3SG:l'gotanə̑nl'gotanə̑n ogə̑l
1PL:l'gotanə̑nnal'gotanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal
2PL:l'gotanə̑ndal'gotanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal
3PL:l'gotanə̑nə̑tl'gotanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l

Indicative Compound Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'gotanam ə̑l'eom l'gotan ə̑l'e
2SG:l'gotanat ə̑l'eot l'gotan ə̑l'e
3SG:l'gotaneš ə̑l'eok/ogeš l'gotan ə̑l'e
1PL:l'gotanə̑na ə̑l'eona/ogə̑na l'gotan ə̑l'e
2PL:l'gotanə̑da ə̑l'eoda/ogə̑da l'gotan ə̑l'e
3PL:l'gotanə̑t ə̑l'eogə̑t l'gotan ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'gotanam ulmašom l'gotan ulmaš
2SG:l'gotanat ulmašot l'gotan ulmaš
3SG:l'gotaneš ulmašok/ogeš l'gotan ulmaš
1PL:l'gotanə̑na ulmašona/ogə̑na l'gotan ulmaš
2PL:l'gotanə̑da ulmašoda/ogə̑da l'gotan ulmaš
3PL:l'gotanə̑t ulmašogə̑t l'gotan ulmaš

Indicative Compound Past III

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'gotanə̑nam ə̑l'el'gotanə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e
2SG:l'gotanə̑nat ə̑l'el'gotanə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e
3SG:l'gotanə̑n ə̑l'el'gotanə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e
1PL:l'gotanə̑nna ə̑l'el'gotanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e
2PL:l'gotanə̑nda ə̑l'el'gotanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e
3PL:l'gotanə̑nə̑t ə̑l'el'gotanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past IV

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'gotanə̑nam ulmašl'gotanə̑n omə̑l ulmaš
2SG:l'gotanə̑nat ulmašl'gotanə̑n otə̑l ulmaš
3SG:l'gotanə̑n ulmašl'gotanə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš
1PL:l'gotanə̑nna ulmašl'gotanə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš
2PL:l'gotanə̑nda ulmašl'gotanə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš
3PL:l'gotanə̑nə̑t ulmašl'gotanə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš

Imperative

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:l'gotanit l'gotan
3SG:l'gotanžeə̑nže l'gotan
1PL:(l'gotanə̑na)(ona/ogə̑na l'gotan)
2PL:l'gotanzaida l'gotan
3PL:l'gotanə̑štə̑nə̑št l'gotan

Desiderative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'gotannemə̑nem l'gotan
2SG:l'gotannetə̑net l'gotan
3SG:l'gotannežeə̑než l'gotan
1PL:l'gotannenaə̑nena l'gotan
2PL:l'gotannedaə̑neda l'gotan
3PL:l'gotanneštə̑nešt l'gotan

Desiderative Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:l'gotannem ə̑l'eə̑nem l'gotan ə̑l'e
2SG:l'gotannena ə̑l'eə̑net l'gotan ə̑l'e
3SG:l'gotanneže ə̑l'eə̑než l'gotan ə̑l'e
1PL:l'gotannena ə̑l'eə̑nena l'gotan ə̑l'e
2PL:l'gotanneda ə̑l'eə̑neda l'gotan ə̑l'e
3PL:l'gotannešt ə̑l'eə̑nešt l'gotan ə̑l'e

Desiderative Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:l'gotannet ulmašə̑net l'gotan ulmaš
3SG:l'gotanneže ulmašə̑než l'gotan ulmaš
1PL://
2PL:l'gotanneda ulmašə̑neda l'gotan ulmaš
3PL:l'gotannešt ulmašə̑nešt l'gotan ulmaš

Non-finite forms

Infinitive:l'gotanaš
Necessitive infinitive:l'gotanman
Active participle:l'gotanše
Passive participle:l'gotanme
Future-necessitive participle:l'gotanšaš
Negative participle:l'gotandə̑me
Affirmative instructive gerund:l'gotanə̑n
Negative gerund:l'gotande
Gerund of prior action:l'gotanmek(e)
Gerund of future action:l'gotanmeš(ke)
Gerund of simultaneous action:l'gotanšə̑la
Nominalization:l'gotanmaš
Negative nominalization:l'gotandə̑maš


Last update: 8 June 2024