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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | pap |
Genitive: | papən |
Dative: | paplan |
Accusative: | papəm |
Comparative: | papla |
Comitative: | papge |
Inessive: | papəʃte |
Illative: | papəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | papeʃ |
1SG: | papem |
2SG: | papet |
3SG: | papʃe |
1PL: | papna |
2PL: | papda |
3PL: | papəʃt |
Plural (1): | pap-βlak |
Plural (2): | pap-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | papla |
Sociative Plural: | papmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | papem | pap-βlak | pap-βlakem, papem-βlak |
Genitive: | papemən | pap-βlakən | pap-βlakemən, papem-βlakən |
Dative: | papemlan, paplanem | pap-βlaklan | pap-βlakemlan, papem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | papeməm | pap-βlakəm | pap-βlakeməm, papem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | papemla, paplam | pap-βlakla | pap-βlakemla, papem-βlakla |
Comitative: | papemge | pap-βlakge | pap-βlakemge, papem-βlakge |
Inessive: | papəʃtem | pap-βlakəʃte | pap-βlakəʃtem, papem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | papəʃkem | pap-βlakəʃ(ke) | pap-βlakəʃkem, papem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | papeʃem | pap-βlakeʃ | pap-βlakeʃem, papem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |