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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | ponarʃudo |
Genitive: | ponarʃudən |
Dative: | ponarʃudəlan |
Accusative: | ponarʃudəm |
Comparative: | ponarʃudəla |
Comitative: | ponarʃudəge |
Inessive: | ponarʃudəʃto |
Illative: | ponarʃudəʃ(ko) |
Lative: | ponarʃudeʃ |
1SG: | ponarʃudem |
2SG: | ponarʃudet |
3SG: | ponarʃudəʒ(o) |
1PL: | ponarʃudəna |
2PL: | ponarʃudəda |
3PL: | ponarʃudəʃt |
Plural (1): | ponarʃudo-βlak |
Plural (2): | ponarʃudo-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | ponarʃudəla |
Sociative Plural: | ponarʃudəmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | ponarʃudem | ponarʃudo-βlak | ponarʃudo-βlakem, ponarʃudem-βlak |
Genitive: | ponarʃudemən | ponarʃudo-βlakən | ponarʃudo-βlakemən, ponarʃudem-βlakən |
Dative: | ponarʃudemlan, ponarʃudəlanem | ponarʃudo-βlaklan | ponarʃudo-βlakemlan, ponarʃudem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | ponarʃudeməm | ponarʃudo-βlakəm | ponarʃudo-βlakeməm, ponarʃudem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | ponarʃudemla, ponarʃudəlam | ponarʃudo-βlakla | ponarʃudo-βlakemla, ponarʃudem-βlakla |
Comitative: | ponarʃudemge | ponarʃudo-βlakge | ponarʃudo-βlakemge, ponarʃudem-βlakge |
Inessive: | ponarʃudəʃtem | ponarʃudo-βlakəʃte | ponarʃudo-βlakəʃtem, ponarʃudem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | ponarʃudəʃkem | ponarʃudo-βlakəʃ(ke) | ponarʃudo-βlakəʃkem, ponarʃudem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | ponarʃudeʃem | ponarʃudo-βlakeʃ | ponarʃudo-βlakeʃem, ponarʃudem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |