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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | ruga |
Genitive: | rugan |
Dative: | rugalan |
Accusative: | rugam |
Comparative: | rugala |
Comitative: | rugage |
Inessive: | rugašte |
Illative: | rugaš(ke) |
Lative: | rugaš |
1SG: | rugam |
2SG: | rugat |
3SG: | rugaž(e) |
1PL: | rugana |
2PL: | rugada |
3PL: | rugašt |
Plural (1): | ruga-βlak |
Plural (2): | ruga-šamə̑č́ |
Short Plural: | rugala |
Sociative Plural: | rugamə̑t |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | rugam | ruga-βlak | ruga-βlakem, rugam-βlak |
Genitive: | rugamə̑n | ruga-βlakə̑n | ruga-βlakemə̑n, rugam-βlakə̑n |
Dative: | rugamlan, rugalanem | ruga-βlaklan | ruga-βlakemlan, rugam-βlaklan |
Accusative: | rugamə̑m | ruga-βlakə̑m | ruga-βlakemə̑m, rugam-βlakə̑m |
Comparative: | rugamla, rugalam | ruga-βlakla | ruga-βlakemla, rugam-βlakla |
Comitative: | rugamge | ruga-βlakge | ruga-βlakemge, rugam-βlakge |
Inessive: | rugaštem | ruga-βlakə̑šte | ruga-βlakə̑štem, rugam-βlakə̑šte |
Illative: | rugaškem | ruga-βlakə̑š(ke) | ruga-βlakə̑škem, rugam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | rugašem | ruga-βlakeš | ruga-βlakešem, rugam-βlakeš |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |