Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | sapam | om sap |
2SG: | sapat | ot sap |
3SG: | sapeš | ok/ogeš sap |
1PL: | sapə̑na | ona/ogə̑na sap |
2PL: | sapə̑da | oda/ogə̑da sap |
3PL: | sapə̑t | ogə̑t sap |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | sapə̑m | šə̑m sap |
2SG: | sapə̑č́ | šə̑č́ sap |
3SG: | sape | ə̑š sap |
1PL: | sapna | ə̑šna sap |
2PL: | sapda | ə̑šda sap |
3PL: | sapə̑č́ | ə̑št sap |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | sapə̑nam | sapə̑n omə̑l |
2SG: | sapə̑nat | sapə̑n otə̑l |
3SG: | sapə̑n | sapə̑n ogə̑l |
1PL: | sapə̑nna | sapə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
2PL: | sapə̑nda | sapə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
3PL: | sapə̑nə̑t | sapə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | sapam ə̑l'e | om sap ə̑l'e |
2SG: | sapat ə̑l'e | ot sap ə̑l'e |
3SG: | sapeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš sap ə̑l'e |
1PL: | sapə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na sap ə̑l'e |
2PL: | sapə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da sap ə̑l'e |
3PL: | sapə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t sap ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | sapam ulmaš | om sap ulmaš |
2SG: | sapat ulmaš | ot sap ulmaš |
3SG: | sapeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš sap ulmaš |
1PL: | sapə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na sap ulmaš |
2PL: | sapə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da sap ulmaš |
3PL: | sapə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t sap ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | sapə̑nam ə̑l'e | sapə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
2SG: | sapə̑nat ə̑l'e | sapə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
3SG: | sapə̑n ə̑l'e | sapə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
1PL: | sapə̑nna ə̑l'e | sapə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
2PL: | sapə̑nda ə̑l'e | sapə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
3PL: | sapə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | sapə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | sapə̑nam ulmaš | sapə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
2SG: | sapə̑nat ulmaš | sapə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
3SG: | sapə̑n ulmaš | sapə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
1PL: | sapə̑nna ulmaš | sapə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
2PL: | sapə̑nda ulmaš | sapə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
3PL: | sapə̑nə̑t ulmaš | sapə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | sap | it sap |
3SG: | sapše | ə̑nže sap |
1PL: | (sapə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na sap) |
2PL: | sapsa | ida sap |
3PL: | sapə̑št | ə̑nə̑št sap |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | sapnem | ə̑nem sap |
2SG: | sapnet | ə̑net sap |
3SG: | sapneže | ə̑než sap |
1PL: | sapnena | ə̑nena sap |
2PL: | sapneda | ə̑neda sap |
3PL: | sapnešt | ə̑nešt sap |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | sapnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem sap ə̑l'e |
2SG: | sapnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net sap ə̑l'e |
3SG: | sapneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než sap ə̑l'e |
1PL: | sapnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena sap ə̑l'e |
2PL: | sapneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda sap ə̑l'e |
3PL: | sapnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt sap ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | sapnet ulmaš | ə̑net sap ulmaš |
3SG: | sapneže ulmaš | ə̑než sap ulmaš |
1PL: | / | / |
2PL: | sapneda ulmaš | ə̑neda sap ulmaš |
3PL: | sapnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt sap ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
Infinitive: | sapaš |
Necessitive infinitive: | sapman |
Active participle: | sapše |
Passive participle: | sapme |
Future-necessitive participle: | sapšaš |
Negative participle: | sapdə̑me |
Affirmative instructive gerund: | sapə̑n |
Negative gerund: | sapde |
Gerund of prior action: | sapmek(e) |
Gerund of future action: | sapmeš(ke) |
Gerund of simultaneous action: | sapšə̑la |
Nominalization: | sapmaš |
Negative nominalization: | sapdə̑maš |