Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgaram | om saŋgar |
| 2SG: | saŋgarat | ot saŋgar |
| 3SG: | saŋgareš | ok/ogeš saŋgar |
| 1PL: | saŋgarə̑na | ona/ogə̑na saŋgar |
| 2PL: | saŋgarə̑da | oda/ogə̑da saŋgar |
| 3PL: | saŋgarə̑t | ogə̑t saŋgar |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgarə̑m | šə̑m saŋgar |
| 2SG: | saŋgarə̑č́ | šə̑č́ saŋgar |
| 3SG: | saŋgare | ə̑š saŋgar |
| 1PL: | saŋgarna | ə̑šna saŋgar |
| 2PL: | saŋgarda | ə̑šda saŋgar |
| 3PL: | saŋgarə̑č́ | ə̑št saŋgar |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgarə̑nam | saŋgarə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | saŋgarə̑nat | saŋgarə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | saŋgarə̑n | saŋgarə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | saŋgarə̑nna | saŋgarə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | saŋgarə̑nda | saŋgarə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | saŋgarə̑nə̑t | saŋgarə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgaram ə̑l'e | om saŋgar ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | saŋgarat ə̑l'e | ot saŋgar ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | saŋgareš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš saŋgar ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | saŋgarə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na saŋgar ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | saŋgarə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da saŋgar ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | saŋgarə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t saŋgar ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgaram ulmaš | om saŋgar ulmaš |
| 2SG: | saŋgarat ulmaš | ot saŋgar ulmaš |
| 3SG: | saŋgareš ulmaš | ok/ogeš saŋgar ulmaš |
| 1PL: | saŋgarə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na saŋgar ulmaš |
| 2PL: | saŋgarə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da saŋgar ulmaš |
| 3PL: | saŋgarə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t saŋgar ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgarə̑nam ə̑l'e | saŋgarə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | saŋgarə̑nat ə̑l'e | saŋgarə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | saŋgarə̑n ə̑l'e | saŋgarə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | saŋgarə̑nna ə̑l'e | saŋgarə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | saŋgarə̑nda ə̑l'e | saŋgarə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | saŋgarə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | saŋgarə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgarə̑nam ulmaš | saŋgarə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | saŋgarə̑nat ulmaš | saŋgarə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | saŋgarə̑n ulmaš | saŋgarə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | saŋgarə̑nna ulmaš | saŋgarə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | saŋgarə̑nda ulmaš | saŋgarə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | saŋgarə̑nə̑t ulmaš | saŋgarə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | saŋgar | it saŋgar |
| 3SG: | saŋgarže | ə̑nže saŋgar |
| 1PL: | (saŋgarə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na saŋgar) |
| 2PL: | saŋgarza | ida saŋgar |
| 3PL: | saŋgarə̑št | ə̑nə̑št saŋgar |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgarnem | ə̑nem saŋgar |
| 2SG: | saŋgarnet | ə̑net saŋgar |
| 3SG: | saŋgarneže | ə̑než saŋgar |
| 1PL: | saŋgarnena | ə̑nena saŋgar |
| 2PL: | saŋgarneda | ə̑neda saŋgar |
| 3PL: | saŋgarnešt | ə̑nešt saŋgar |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | saŋgarnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem saŋgar ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | saŋgarnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net saŋgar ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | saŋgarneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než saŋgar ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | saŋgarnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena saŋgar ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | saŋgarneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda saŋgar ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | saŋgarnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt saŋgar ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | saŋgarnet ulmaš | ə̑net saŋgar ulmaš |
| 3SG: | saŋgarneže ulmaš | ə̑než saŋgar ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | saŋgarneda ulmaš | ə̑neda saŋgar ulmaš |
| 3PL: | saŋgarnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt saŋgar ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | saŋgaraš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | saŋgarman |
| Active participle: | saŋgarše |
| Passive participle: | saŋgarme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | saŋgaršaš |
| Negative participle: | saŋgardə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | saŋgarə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | saŋgarde |
| Gerund of prior action: | saŋgarmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | saŋgarmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | saŋgaršə̑la |
| Nominalization: | saŋgarmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | saŋgardə̑maš |
