Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtam | om spirt |
| 2SG: | spirtat | ot spirt |
| 3SG: | spirteš | ok/ogeš spirt |
| 1PL: | spirtə̑na | ona/ogə̑na spirt |
| 2PL: | spirtə̑da | oda/ogə̑da spirt |
| 3PL: | spirtə̑t | ogə̑t spirt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtə̑m | šə̑m spirt |
| 2SG: | spirtə̑č́ | šə̑č́ spirt |
| 3SG: | spirte | ə̑š spirt |
| 1PL: | spirtna | ə̑šna spirt |
| 2PL: | spirtda | ə̑šda spirt |
| 3PL: | spirtə̑č́ | ə̑št spirt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtə̑nam | spirtə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | spirtə̑nat | spirtə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | spirtə̑n | spirtə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | spirtə̑nna | spirtə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | spirtə̑nda | spirtə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | spirtə̑nə̑t | spirtə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtam ə̑l'e | om spirt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spirtat ə̑l'e | ot spirt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | spirteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš spirt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spirtə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na spirt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spirtə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da spirt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spirtə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t spirt ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtam ulmaš | om spirt ulmaš |
| 2SG: | spirtat ulmaš | ot spirt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | spirteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš spirt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | spirtə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na spirt ulmaš |
| 2PL: | spirtə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da spirt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spirtə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t spirt ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtə̑nam ə̑l'e | spirtə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spirtə̑nat ə̑l'e | spirtə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | spirtə̑n ə̑l'e | spirtə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spirtə̑nna ə̑l'e | spirtə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spirtə̑nda ə̑l'e | spirtə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spirtə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | spirtə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtə̑nam ulmaš | spirtə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | spirtə̑nat ulmaš | spirtə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | spirtə̑n ulmaš | spirtə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | spirtə̑nna ulmaš | spirtə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | spirtə̑nda ulmaš | spirtə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spirtə̑nə̑t ulmaš | spirtə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | spirt | it spirt |
| 3SG: | spirtše | ə̑nže spirt |
| 1PL: | (spirtə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na spirt) |
| 2PL: | spirtsa | ida spirt |
| 3PL: | spirtə̑št | ə̑nə̑št spirt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtnem | ə̑nem spirt |
| 2SG: | spirtnet | ə̑net spirt |
| 3SG: | spirtneže | ə̑než spirt |
| 1PL: | spirtnena | ə̑nena spirt |
| 2PL: | spirtneda | ə̑neda spirt |
| 3PL: | spirtnešt | ə̑nešt spirt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | spirtnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem spirt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | spirtnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net spirt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | spirtneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než spirt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | spirtnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena spirt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | spirtneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda spirt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | spirtnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt spirt ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | spirtnet ulmaš | ə̑net spirt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | spirtneže ulmaš | ə̑než spirt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | spirtneda ulmaš | ə̑neda spirt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | spirtnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt spirt ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | spirtaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | spirtman |
| Active participle: | spirtše |
| Passive participle: | spirtme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | spirtšaš |
| Negative participle: | spirtdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | spirtə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | spirtde |
| Gerund of prior action: | spirtmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | spirtmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | spirtšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | spirtmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | spirtdə̑maš |
